Plant extract and probiotic combined lactating cow feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a lactating cow feed prepared by combining plant extracts and probiotics and a preparation method of the lactating cow feed. The feed consists of the following components: whole-plant corn silage, alfalfa hay, oat hay, steam-flaked corn, corn flour, whole cottonseeds, beet pulp, soybean meal, rumen-protected soybean meal, puffed soybean meal, double-low rapeseed meal, a premix, fat powder, baking soda, a plant extract and probiotics. Plant active ingredients such as glycine betaine, astragalus polysaccharide and allicin are integrated and combined with bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and lactic acid bacteria to construct a multi-target regulation and control system, and glycine betaine can improve milk yield and milk quality and improve energy metabolism; allicin can reduce emission of ammonia nitrogen and methane; the digestibility of nutrient substances can be improved by the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis; the lactic acid bacteria can optimize the microbial community structure. Through the synergistic effect of multiple components, the rumen microbial protein synthesis efficiency is improved, and a scientific basis is provided for improving nitrogen conversion of dairy cow feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dairy cow feed, and more particularly to a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the rumen nitrogen conversion efficiency in dairy cows is generally below 40%, with approximately 60% of nitrogen being excreted through feces and urine, resulting in both resource waste and environmental pollution. Improving rumen microbial protein synthesis efficiency and promoting nutrient digestion are crucial for improving nitrogen utilization and reducing emissions. However, existing research largely focuses on single additives, making it difficult to systematically enhance nitrogen metabolism efficiency. Therefore, providing a simple and convenient combination of plant extracts and probiotics to promote rumen microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestion in dairy cows, thus offering important evidence for its application in dairy production, is a problem urgently needing to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a lactating cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, and a method for preparing the same.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A lactating cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0006] Whole-plant corn silage: 16.53–20.21%; alfalfa hay: 5.25–6.41%; oat hay: 4.5–5.5%; steam-flaked corn: 13.5–16.5%; corn flour: 15.00–18.34%; whole cottonseed: 1.13–1.38%; beet meal: 5.25–6.41%; soybean meal: 10.87–13.29%; rumen-treated soybean meal: 2.25–2.75%; puffed soybean meal: 4.5–5.5%; low-erucic acid rapeseed meal: 7.39–9.03%; premix: 2.18–2.48%; fat meal: 1.15–1.35%; baking soda: 0.58–0.68%.

[0007] The above components are based on dry matter.

[0008] Preferably, it is composed of the following components in parts by weight:

[0009] Whole-plant corn silage 18.37%, alfalfa hay 5.83%, oat hay 5%, steam-flaked corn 15%, corn flour 16.67%, whole cottonseed 1.25%, beet meal 5.83%, soybean meal 12.08%, rumen-treated soybean meal 2.5%, puffed soybean meal 5%, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal 8.21%, premix 2.38%, fat meal 1.25%, baking soda 0.63%;

[0010] The above components are based on dry matter.

[0011] Preferably, each kilogram of the premixed feed contains 215,000 IU of vitamin A, 81,000 IU of vitamin D, 2,150 IU of vitamin E, 8.82 g of calcium, 0.6 g of copper, 2.8 g of zinc, 1.7 g of manganese, 24 mg of iodine, 21 mg of selenium, and 11 mg of cobalt.

[0012] A method for preparing a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics includes the following steps:

[0013] (1) By adding three different plant extracts to the basal diet, two plant extracts that can promote rumen microbial fermentation were screened out.

[0014] (2) By adding three different probiotics to the basal diet, two probiotics that can promote rumen microbial fermentation were screened out.

[0015] (3) The product obtained in step (1) is mixed evenly with the plant extract and probiotics obtained in step (2) to obtain four kinds of lactating dairy cow feeds with plant extracts and probiotics as additives; and a lactating dairy cow feed with plant extracts and probiotics as additives that promotes the synthesis of rumen microbial protein and the digestion of nutrients in dairy cows in vitro is selected.

[0016] Preferably, the three different plant extracts are betaine, astragalus polysaccharide, and allicin.

[0017] Preferably, the three different probiotics are: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0018] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0019] (1) This invention integrates plant active ingredients such as betaine, astragalus polysaccharide, and allicin, and uses them in combination with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and lactic acid bacteria to construct a multi-target regulatory system; among them, betaine can increase milk yield and milk quality, and improve energy metabolism; allicin can improve digestibility and reduce ammonia nitrogen and methane emissions; Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis can respectively enhance the degradation of fiber, starch, and protein; lactic acid bacteria can optimize the microbial community structure and reduce ammonia nitrogen and methane emissions;

[0020] (2) This invention improves the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis and promotes the digestion of nutrients through the synergistic effect of multiple components, providing a scientific basis for improving feed nitrogen conversion efficiency.

[0021] (3) The plant extracts and probiotics of the present invention are both powders, the combination and processing process is simple, the addition is convenient and the operation is easy, and the other raw materials can also be easily obtained.

[0022] (4) The present invention increases the concentration of rumen microbial protein in rumen fluid and significantly improves the degradation rate of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a lactating cow feed composed of plant extracts and probiotics, and its preparation method, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] This invention discloses a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0026] Whole-plant corn silage: 16.53–20.21%; alfalfa hay: 5.25–6.41%; oat hay: 4.5–5.5%; steam-flaked corn: 13.5–16.5%; corn flour: 15.00–18.34%; whole cottonseed: 1.13–1.38%; beet meal: 5.25–6.41%; soybean meal: 10.87–13.29%; rumen-treated soybean meal: 2.25–2.75%; puffed soybean meal: 4.5–5.5%; low-erucic acid rapeseed meal: 7.39–9.03%; premix: 2.18–2.48%; fat meal: 1.15–1.35%; baking soda: 0.58–0.68%.

[0027] The above components are based on dry matter.

[0028] Each kilogram of premixed feed contains 215,000 IU of vitamin A, 81,000 IU of vitamin D, 2,150 IU of vitamin E, 8.82 g of calcium, 0.6 g of copper, 2.8 g of zinc, 1.7 g of manganese, 24 mg of iodine, 21 mg of selenium, and 11 mg of cobalt.

[0029] This invention also discloses a method for preparing a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, comprising the following steps:

[0030] (1) By adding three different plant extracts to the basal diet, two plant extracts that can improve rumen microbial fermentation were screened out.

[0031] (2) By adding three different probiotics to the basal diet, two probiotics that can improve rumen microbial fermentation were screened out.

[0032] (3) The product obtained in step (1) is mixed evenly with the plant extract and probiotics obtained in step (2) to obtain four kinds of lactating dairy cow feeds with plant extracts and probiotics as additives; and a lactating dairy cow feed with plant extracts and probiotics as additives that promotes the synthesis of rumen microbial protein and the digestion of nutrients in dairy cows in vitro is selected.

[0033] The three different plant extracts were betaine, astragalus polysaccharide, and allicin.

[0034] The three different probiotics are: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] This invention discloses a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0037] Whole-plant corn silage 16.53%, alfalfa hay 5.25%, oat hay 4.5%, steam-flaked corn 15.5%, corn flour 17.00%, whole cottonseed 1.13%, beet meal 6.4%, soybean meal 12.87%, rumen-treated soybean meal 2.5%, puffed soybean meal 5.38%, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal 9.03%, premix 2.18%, fat meal 1.15%, baking soda 0.58%;

[0038] The above components are based on dry matter.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] This invention discloses a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0041] Whole-plant corn silage: 18.37%, alfalfa hay: 5.83%, oat hay: 5%, steam-flaked corn: 15%, corn flour: 16.67%, whole cottonseed: 1.25%, beet meal: 5.83%, soybean meal: 12.08%, rumen-treated soybean meal: 2.5%, puffed soybean meal: 5%, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal: 8.21%, premix: 2.38%, fat meal: 1.25%, baking soda: 0.63%.

[0042] The above components are based on dry matter.

[0043] Example 3:

[0044] This invention discloses a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0045] Whole-plant corn silage 20.21%, alfalfa hay 6.41%, oat hay 5.5%, steam-flaked corn 13.5%, corn flour 15.00%, whole cottonseed 1.38%, beet meal 6.41%, soybean meal 11.29%, rumen-treated soybean meal 2.75%, puffed soybean meal 5.5%, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal 7.54%, premix 2.48%, fat meal 1.35%, baking soda 0.68%;

[0046] The above components are based on dry matter.

[0047] Example 4:

[0048] The composition and nutritional levels of the basic diet are listed in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1: Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (dry matter basis)

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] The premix provides the following per kilogram of feed: Vitamin A 215,000 IU; Vitamin D 81,000 IU; Vitamin E 2,150 IU; Calcium 8.82 g; Copper 0.6 g; Zinc 2.8 g; Manganese 1.7 g; Iodine 24 mg; Selenium 21 mg; Cobalt 11 mg.

[0053] Net energy for lactation is a calculated value, while all other nutrient levels are measured values.

[0054] Experiment 1: Three different plant extracts were added to the basal diet.

[0055] Experiment 2: Three different probiotics were added to the basal diet.

[0056] Experiment 3: Based on Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, two different plant extracts and probiotics were selected.

[0057] Experiment 1 employed a single-factor, completely randomized block design, comprising three experimental groups and one control group (without feed additives). Experimental groups were: Group A, basal diet + betaine (5000 mg / kg dry matter fermentation substrate); Group B, basal diet + astragalus polysaccharide (125 mg / kg dry matter fermentation substrate); and Group C, basal diet + allicin (400 mg / kg dry matter fermentation substrate). Additions were based on dry matter content, with seven replicates per group, and two fermentation batches were performed.

[0058] After adding 0.75g of fermentation substrate to each replicate and simultaneously purging CO2 to displace oxygen, the flask was sealed and left to stand. 25mL of rumen fluid and 50mL of buffer solution were added to the fermentation flask, mixed thoroughly, sealed with a rubber stopper, and placed in a gas bath shaker at 39℃ for 48h. Gas production was measured at 3h, 6h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 36h, and 48h of fermentation.

[0059] Experiment 2 employed a single-factor, completely randomized block design, comprising three experimental groups and one control group (without feed additives). Group D received a basal diet plus Bacillus subtilis (1000 mg / kg dry matter fermentation substrate); Group E received a basal diet plus Bacillus licheniformis (1000 mg / kg dry matter fermentation substrate); and Group F received a basal diet plus lactic acid bacteria (500 mg / kg dry matter fermentation substrate). Additions were based on dry matter content. Each group had seven replicates, and two batches were fermented. Experimental procedures and detection indicators were the same as in Experiment 1.

[0060] Experiment 3 employed a single-factor, completely randomized block design, dividing the experiment into 5 groups: control group (C), basal diet (crude protein level 17.2%), without added compound functional feed additives; experimental groups: BE group, basal diet + Astragalus polysaccharide + Bacillus licheniformis; CE group, basal diet + allicin + Bacillus licheniformis; BF group, basal diet + Astragalus polysaccharide + lactic acid bacteria; CF group, basal diet + allicin + lactic acid bacteria. Each group had 7 replicates, and two batches were fermented. The experimental procedures and detection indicators were the same as in Experiment 1.

[0061] The results show that:

[0062] 1. Compared with the control group, the addition of allicin and lactic acid bacteria to the feed significantly increased the pH of rumen fluid, the concentration of rumen microbial protein and ammonium nitrogen.

[0063] 2. Compared with the control group, the addition of allicin and lactic acid bacteria to the feed significantly improved the degradation rates of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber.

[0064] 3. Compared with the control group, the addition of allicin and lactic acid bacteria to the feed had no significant effect on gas production at 3h, 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h.

[0065] 4. Compared with the control group, the addition of allicin and lactic acid bacteria to the feed had no significant effect on acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid, and had no significant effect on the total volatile fatty acids and the acetic acid / propionic acid ratio.

[0066] The effects of different plant extracts on in vitro fermentation are shown in Table 2.

[0067] Table 2: Effects of different plant extracts on in vitro fermentation

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] The effects of different probiotics on in vitro fermentation are shown in Table 3.

[0071] Table 3: Effects of different probiotics on in vitro fermentation

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] The effects of combining plant extracts and probiotics on in vitro fermentation are shown in Table 4.

[0075] Table 4: Effects of plant extracts combined with probiotics on in vitro fermentation

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] As can be seen, in Experiment 1, compared with the control group, the addition of Astragalus polysaccharide and allicin alone had no significant effect on rumen microbial protein and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, but significantly increased the degradation rates of dry matter (9.23% and 11.65%, respectively), neutral detergent fiber (4.72% and 7.04%, respectively), and acid detergent fiber (19.76% and 13.64%, respectively). In Experiment 2, compared with the control group, the addition of Bacillus licheniformis and lactic acid bacteria alone significantly increased rumen microbial protein (25.64% and 28.21%, respectively) and dry matter (12.23% and 17.44%, respectively). The degradation rates of allicin and lactic acid bacteria were increased by 5.11% and 7.79% respectively, and by 26.37% and 39.39% respectively. In Experiment 3, compared with the control group, the combination of allicin and lactic acid bacteria significantly increased the degradation rates of rumen fluid pH (1.87%), rumen microbial protein (33.33%), dry matter (30.50%), neutral detergent fiber (34.69%), and acid detergent fiber (67.27%), but had no significant effect on acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in rumen fluid volatile fatty acids, and had no significant effect on total volatile fatty acids and the acetic acid / propionic acid ratio.

[0079] In summary, the allicin and lactic acid bacteria-added dairy cow diet of the present invention can increase the in vitro rumen microbial protein production and nutrient digestibility.

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, characterized in that, It consists of the following components in parts by weight: Whole-plant corn silage: 16.53–20.21%; alfalfa hay: 5.25–6.41%; oat hay: 4.5–5.5%; steam-flaked corn: 13.5–16.5%; corn flour: 15.00–18.34%; whole cottonseed: 1.13–1.38%; beet meal: 5.25–6.41%; soybean meal: 10.87–13.29%; rumen-treated soybean meal: 2.25–2.75%; puffed soybean meal: 4.5–5.5%; low-erucic acid rapeseed meal: 7.39–9.03%; premix: 2.18–2.48%; fat meal: 1.15–1.35%; baking soda: 0.58–0.68%. The above components are based on dry matter.

2. The lactating cow feed containing a combination of plant extracts and probiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that, It consists of the following components in parts by weight: Whole-plant corn silage 18.37%, alfalfa hay 5.83%, oat hay 5%, steam-flaked corn 15%, corn flour 16.67%, whole cottonseed 1.25%, beet meal 5.83%, soybean meal 12.08%, rumen-treated soybean meal 2.5%, puffed soybean meal 5%, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal 8.21%, premix 2.38%, fat meal 1.25%, baking soda 0.63%; The above components are based on dry matter.

3. The lactating cow feed containing a combination of plant extracts and probiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed contains 215,000 IU of vitamin A, 81,000 IU of vitamin D, 2,150 IU of vitamin E, 8.82 g of calcium, 0.6 g of copper, 2.8 g of zinc, 1.7 g of manganese, 24 mg of iodine, 21 mg of selenium, and 11 mg of cobalt per kilogram of premix.

4. A method for preparing a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) By adding three different plant extracts to the basal diet, two plant extracts that can promote rumen microbial fermentation were screened out. (2) By adding three different probiotics to the basal diet, two probiotics that can promote rumen microbial fermentation were screened out. (3) The product obtained in step (1) is mixed evenly with the plant extract and probiotics obtained in step (2) to obtain four kinds of lactating dairy cow feeds with plant extracts and probiotics as additives; and a lactating dairy cow feed with plant extracts and probiotics as additives that promotes the synthesis of rumen microbial protein and the digestion of nutrients in dairy cows in vitro is selected.

5. The method for preparing a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The three different plant extracts are betaine, astragalus polysaccharide, and allicin.

6. The method for preparing a lactating dairy cow feed consisting of a combination of plant extracts and probiotics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The three different probiotics are: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and lactic acid bacteria.

Images