Turtle respiratory tract infection non-irritant atomization treatment medicine and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal medicine, and particularly relates to a tortoise respiratory tract infection non-irritant nebulization treatment medicine and a using method thereof.The medicine comprises a first round of nebulization medicine and a second round of nebulization medicine, and the first round of nebulization medicine comprises 10 ml of normal saline and 0.2 ml of aminophylline; and the second-round atomized medicine comprises 10ml of normal saline, 50mg of amikacin, 1mg of dexamethasone and 10mg of ribavirin, and is formed by mixing the normal saline, the amikacin, the dexamethasone and the ribavirin. The using method comprises the steps of early-stage preparation, medicine preparation and atomization operation. According to the tortoise respiratory tract infection non-irritant atomization treatment medicine and the using method thereof, staged synergistic treatment is achieved, and the progressive administration logic of spasmolysis and infection resistance is initiated for the first time; a non-irritant formula is adopted, and zero-damage treatment of the respiratory tracts of turtles is achieved for the first time; the atomization box is used for simulating the original environment of the Dabie mountain, the vicious circle of'stress-food refusal-immunity decline 'of the existing turtles is solved, the integration of'treatment and maintenance' is realized through environment simulation and time control, and the healing effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal medicine technology, specifically relating to a non-irritating nebulized treatment drug for respiratory tract infections in turtles and its method of use, which is particularly suitable for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in rare ornamental turtles such as the Anhui Yellow-margined Box Turtle. Background Technology

[0002] Respiratory infections in turtles are common and frequently occurring diseases in artificial breeding environments, especially when temperature and humidity are not properly controlled, breeding density is too high, or environmental stress occurs. Clinical manifestations include coughing, sneezing, difficulty breathing, and increased nasal secretions. In severe cases, it can lead to the death of turtles, causing significant losses to the rare ornamental turtle breeding industry.

[0003] Current treatments for respiratory infections in turtles have significant limitations: oral medications are prone to insufficient administration due to turtles refusing to eat, while injections can easily trigger stress reactions, increasing breeding risks; traditional nebulization therapy often uses single drugs (such as antibiotics), which is insufficient to cover mixed bacterial and viral infections, and some drugs are highly irritating, easily damaging the delicate respiratory mucosa of turtles, leading to problems such as mucosal edema and slow repair after treatment. Furthermore, rare turtle species, such as the Anhui Yellow-margined Box Turtle, have poor drug tolerance, and existing treatment programs lack specificity, resulting in low cure rates (the industry average cure rate is less than 60%). There is an urgent need for a non-irritating, synergistic combination treatment program.

[0004] Based on this, developing a combined nebulized treatment drug and its application method that is adapted to the respiratory physiology of turtles, non-irritating, and can cover multiple causes is of great significance for improving the cure rate of respiratory infections in turtles and ensuring the safety of breeding rare turtle species. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing treatments for respiratory infections in turtles, such as strong drug irritation, limited efficacy of single-drug therapy, and high stress from drug administration. It provides a non-irritating combined nebulization treatment drug and its application method, achieving highly efficient and safe treatment of respiratory infections in turtles. The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0006] A non-irritating nebulized treatment for respiratory infections in turtles, comprising a first-round nebulized medication and a second-round nebulized medication, with the following specific composition:

[0007] The first round of nebulized medication included 10 ml of normal saline and 0.2 ml of aminophylline.

[0008] The second round of nebulized medication consists of a mixture of 10ml of normal saline, 50mg of amikacin, 1mg of dexamethasone, and 10mg of ribavirin.

[0009] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the method of using the non-irritating nebulized treatment drug for turtle respiratory tract infections includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Preliminary Preparations

[0011] (1) Equipment inspection and disinfection

[0012] Nebulizer calibration: A medical-grade compressor nebulizer is used, and the diameter of the atomized particles is pre-adjusted to 3-5μm to ensure a stable atomization rate;

[0013] Nebulizer box preparation: Select a transparent and sealed nebulizer box, line the inside of the box with sterile damp gauze, wipe and disinfect the box with 5% povidone-iodine solution in advance, and let it dry before use;

[0014] Tool sterilization: Syringes, measuring cups, and other equipment used for drug preparation are sterilized by high-pressure steam to avoid cross-infection;

[0015] (2) Assessment of turtle condition

[0016] Before treatment, place the turtle in a quiet environment and observe it for 10 minutes to confirm that there is no severe stress.

[0017] Record initial symptoms as a benchmark for evaluating treatment effectiveness;

[0018] Step 2, Drug Preparation:

[0019] First round of nebulized medication: Take 10ml of sterile saline, add 0.2ml of aminophylline injection, mix well, and prepare the first round of nebulized medication;

[0020] Second round of nebulized medication: Take 10ml of sterile saline, add 50mg of amikacin injection, 1mg of dexamethasone injection and 10mg of ribavirin injection in sequence, stir until evenly mixed, and prepare the second round of nebulized medication.

[0021] Step 3, Atomization Operation:

[0022] (1) First round of atomization

[0023] Drug loading: Inject the pre-prepared "first round of nebulized medication" into the nebulizer's medicine cup and connect the tubing to the air inlet of the nebulizer box;

[0024] Start-up and monitoring: Turn on the atomizer and observe the uniformity of atomization in the box to ensure that the turtle's head is in an area with a high atomization concentration;

[0025] Observation during the process: Observe once every 5 minutes. If the turtle shows slight agitation, the atomization rate can be reduced. It is strictly forbidden to stop the treatment midway.

[0026] (2) Interval treatment

[0027] Turn off the atomizer and keep the atomizing box sealed. Only open the top vent for slight ventilation to avoid a sudden drop in the temperature inside the box.

[0028] Observe the turtle's breathing status. If the breathing rate is slower than before treatment, it is considered that the first round of nebulized medication has taken effect.

[0029] (3) Second round of atomization

[0030] Drug loading: Replace the medicine cup and inject the "second round of nebulized medicine" mixture, ensuring no sedimentation and no stratification;

[0031] Key points of operation: Keep the box quiet during the atomization process, and do not knock on the box or expose it to strong light to avoid stimulating the turtles;

[0032] Endpoint determination: After 15 minutes, turn off the nebulizer and observe whether the turtle's nasal secretions decrease and its breathing becomes more stable.

[0033] The present invention relates to a non-irritating nebulized treatment drug for respiratory tract infections in turtles and its method of use, the beneficial effects of which are:

[0034] 1. Staged synergistic treatment: Pioneering a progressive drug administration logic of "first relieving spasms, then fighting infection".

[0035] This invention breaks through the traditional single nebulized medication mode and pioneers a "two-round sequential treatment" approach, targeting the "acute-etiological" dual-stage pathological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in turtles:

[0036] First round (aminophylline): Rapidly relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (0.2ml precise dose of aminophylline), relieves respiratory distress within 15 minutes (e.g., the respiratory rate of Anhui yellow-margined box turtle hatchlings decreased from 60 breaths / minute to 40 breaths / minute), creating conditions for the second round of drug penetration (see Example 1);

[0037] The second round (amikacin + dexamethasone + ribavirin): targeted antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory treatments after the airway is clear, avoiding drug retention due to airway obstruction (the cure rate for mixed infections increased from 60% to over 90%).

[0038] Advantages: Unlike "single drug nebulization" or "mixed and administered at once", this invention is designed in stages to adapt to the respiratory stress sensitivity of turtles, reducing the risk of mucosal damage by more than 30%.

[0039] 2. Non-irritating formula: Achieving "zero damage" treatment of the turtle's respiratory tract for the first time.

[0040] This invention uses physiological saline as the sole carrier, avoiding irritating solvents such as alcohol, and combines precise dosage control to solve the problem of mucosal sensitivity in rare turtle species (such as the Anhui Yellow-margined Box Turtle).

[0041] The concentration of aminophylline is only 1 / 5 of the human therapeutic dose (0.2ml / 10ml), avoiding the toxicity of theophylline drugs to the central nervous system of turtles (young turtles do not show agitation or refusal to eat when used);

[0042] The pH of the second round of medication was adjusted to 6.5-7.0 (close to the pH of turtle respiratory mucus), reducing irritation by 70% compared to traditional nebulized solutions (pH≤5.5). In Example 1, 50 turtle hatchlings showed no mucosal edema after treatment, with a 100% survival rate, representing a 35% improvement compared to traditional treatments (containing alcohol carriers).

[0043] 3. Targeted adaptation for rare turtle species: Specifically addresses the dual challenges of "complex infection + stress susceptibility".

[0044] Etiological coverage: For mixed infections of bacteria (such as Aeromonas hydrophila) and viruses (such as herpesvirus) in turtle farming, ribavirin (antiviral) and amikacin (anti-Gram-negative bacteria) are used in combination for the first time, covering more than 90% of respiratory pathogens in turtles;

[0045] Stress control: The atomization box simulates the original environment of Dabie Mountain (humidity 60%-70%, temperature 25-28℃), combined with "fixed morning and evening treatment" (8 am / 6 pm, adapted to the activity rhythm of turtles), which reduces stress response by 40% compared with random treatment.

[0046] This invention addresses the vicious cycle of stress- anorexia-decreased immunity in turtles by integrating treatment and care through environmental simulation and time control, thereby improving the cure rate. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of using the non-irritating nebulized treatment drug for turtle respiratory tract infections as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0049] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a non-irritating combined nebulization treatment drug for respiratory infections in turtles, comprising a first-round nebulization drug and a second-round nebulization drug, with the following specific composition:

[0050] The first round of nebulized medication consists of 10 ml of physiological saline and 0.2 ml of aminophylline;

[0051] The second round of nebulized medication consists of a mixture of 10ml of normal saline, 50mg of amikacin (0.5ml), 1mg of dexamethasone (0.2ml), and 10mg of ribavirin (0.1ml).

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned combined nebulized therapeutic drug, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Preliminary Preparations

[0054] (1) Equipment inspection and disinfection (30 minutes before atomization operation)

[0055] Nebulizer calibration: A medical-grade compressor nebulizer is used, and the diameter of the atomized particles is pre-adjusted to 3-5μm (to adapt to the adsorption characteristics of the respiratory mucosa of turtles) to ensure a stable nebulization rate (0.3-0.5ml / min);

[0056] Preparation of the atomization box: Select a transparent and sealed atomization box (the volume is adjusted according to the age of the turtles: 0.3m3 for hatchlings, 0.5-1m3 for sub-adults). Line the inside of the box with sterile damp gauze (maintain humidity at 60%-70% to simulate the original humid environment of Dabie Mountain). Wipe the box with 5% povidone-iodine solution for disinfection in advance and let it dry before use.

[0057] Tool sterilization: Syringes, measuring cups, etc. used for drug preparation are sterilized by high-pressure steam (121℃, 20 minutes) to avoid cross-infection.

[0058] (2) Assessment of turtle condition

[0059] Before treatment, place the turtle in a quiet environment and observe it for 10 minutes to confirm that there is no severe stress (such as persistent agitation or increased open-mouth breathing);

[0060] Record initial symptoms (such as nasal discharge and respiratory rate) as a benchmark for evaluating treatment effectiveness.

[0061] Step 2, Drug Preparation:

[0062] First round of nebulized medication: Take 10ml of sterile saline, add 0.2ml of aminophylline injection, and mix well;

[0063] Second round of nebulized medication: Take 10ml of sterile saline, add 50mg amikacin injection (0.5ml), 1mg dexamethasone injection (0.2ml), and 10mg ribavirin injection (0.1ml) in sequence, and stir until well mixed;

[0064] Step 3, Atomization Operation:

[0065] (1) First round of nebulized medication (15 minutes)

[0066] Drug loading: Inject the pre-prepared "first round of nebulized medication" into the nebulizer's medicine cup and connect the tubing to the air inlet of the nebulizer box;

[0067] Start-up and monitoring: Turn on the atomizer and observe the uniformity of atomization in the box to ensure that the turtle's head is in an area with a high atomization concentration (10-15cm away from the air outlet);

[0068] Observation during the process: Observe once every 5 minutes. If the turtle shows slight agitation, the nebulization rate can be reduced (adjusted to 0.3ml / min). It is strictly forbidden to stop the treatment midway.

[0069] (2) Interval treatment (5 minutes)

[0070] Turn off the atomizer and keep the atomizing box sealed. Only open the top vent (hole diameter ≤2cm) for slight ventilation to avoid a sudden drop in the temperature inside the box (maintain 25-28℃, with a temperature difference of ≤2℃ from the breeding environment).

[0071] Observe the turtle's breathing. If the breathing rate slows down compared to before treatment (e.g., from 60 breaths / minute to 40 breaths / minute), it is considered that the first round of nebulized medication has taken effect.

[0072] (3) Second round of nebulized medication (15 minutes)

[0073] Drug loading: Replace the medicine cup and inject the "second round of nebulized medicine" mixture, ensuring no sedimentation and no stratification;

[0074] Key points of operation: Keep the box quiet during the atomization process, and do not knock on the box or expose it to strong light to avoid stimulating the turtles;

[0075] Endpoint determination: After 15 minutes, turn off the nebulizer and observe whether the turtle's nasal secretions decrease and its breathing becomes more stable.

[0076] The non-irritating nebulized treatment drug for turtle respiratory infections described in this invention, along with its application method, is divided into a first round of nebulized medication and a second round of nebulized medication. The core of this method is based on the physiological characteristics of turtle respiratory tract infections, the complexity of infection causes, and the synergistic effects of the drugs, aiming to meet the needs of rare turtle species for both care and prevention. Details are as follows:

[0077] 1. First round of nebulized medication: quickly relieves acute symptoms and lays the foundation for subsequent treatment.

[0078] The first round of nebulized medication uses "10ml of physiological saline + 0.2ml of aminophylline," and its core function is to quickly relieve respiratory spasms. As a bronchodilator, aminophylline can relax the smooth muscles of the turtle's respiratory tract and relieve acute symptoms such as airway narrowing and difficulty breathing caused by infection. Nebulized treatment targets respiratory infections in turtles, focusing on relieving respiratory symptoms first.

[0079] Turtles have fragile respiratory mucosa, which is prone to edema and airflow obstruction during infection. If antibacterial / antiviral drugs are used directly, the obstructed airway may prevent the drugs from effectively reaching the infected site. The first round of aminophylline can quickly improve ventilation, creating conditions for the absorption of the second round of nebulized drugs and avoiding the problem of "drugs remaining on the airway surface and unable to penetrate the lesion".

[0080] 2. Second round of nebulized medication: Multi-target synergistic anti-infection, specifically addressing the root cause of the disease.

[0081] The second round of nebulized medication uses a combined formula of "physiological saline + amikacin + dexamethasone + ribavirin," with the core objective of precisely targeting the cause of infection and achieving synergistic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects.

[0082] Amikacin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract inflammation caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

[0083] Ribavirin is an antiviral drug that inhibits viral replication and is used to treat viral infections or mixed infections.

[0084] Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory hormone that reduces respiratory mucosal edema and inflammation, and lowers the risk of mucosal damage.

[0085] Respiratory infections in turtles are often mixed infections of bacteria and viruses. A single drug is difficult to cover multiple causes, while a second round of combined medication can target different stages of the infection simultaneously, improving the cure rate.

[0086] 3. Staged medication administration is tailored to the physiological characteristics of turtles, reducing irritation.

[0087] Rare turtle species, such as the Anhui Yellow-margined Box Turtle, have sensitive respiratory mucosa. Directly using a mixture of multiple medications via nebulization may increase the risk of mucosal irritation due to the complex composition. A two-round medication regimen is recommended: the first round uses only aminophylline (single component + saline carrier), which has low irritation and gently improves respiratory function; the second round uses combined medications after the airway is clear. At this point, the medication can be more evenly distributed in the respiratory tract, reducing the risk of excessively high local drug concentrations and mucosal irritation caused by airway obstruction.

[0088] Staged medication follows a progressive treatment logic of "first relieving acute symptoms, then precisely combating infection." This approach not only addresses the problem of insufficient coverage of the cause by a single drug, but also reduces the irritation of the drug to the turtle's fragile respiratory tract through step-by-step procedures. Ultimately, it achieves the treatment goal of "rapid onset of action + synergistic effect," which is suitable for the complex pathological needs of respiratory tract infections in rare ornamental turtles.

[0089] The drug's technical efficacy was verified through three dimensions: clinical treatment trials, safety observation, and synergistic effect evaluation, as detailed below:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] The following is a description using specific embodiments.

[0093] Example 1: Treatment of respiratory tract infection in hatchling Yellow-margined Box Turtles from western Anhui

[0094] 1. Case details

[0095] Fifty 0-1 year old Anhui yellow-margined box turtle hatchlings at a breeding farm in Dabie Mountain, Jinzhai, showed respiratory infection symptoms, including open-mouth breathing and nasal mucus secretion, with a morbidity rate of 30%.

[0096] 2. Drug preparation

[0097] First round of nebulized medication: 10ml normal saline + 0.2ml aminophylline injection (25mg / ml);

[0098] The second round of nebulized medication: 10ml normal saline + 50mg amikacin injection (0.2g / 2ml) + 1mg dexamethasone injection (5mg / ml) + 10mg ribavirin injection (100mg / 1ml).

[0099] 3. Treatment process

[0100] A closed nebulizer with a volume of 0.5m³ and a medical compressor nebulizer (nebulized particle diameter 3-5μm) are used. One treatment session is conducted at 8:00 AM and 6:00 PM daily.

[0101] The first round of nebulization lasted 15 minutes (aminophylline group), followed by a 5-minute interval before the second round of nebulization lasted 15 minutes (combined drug group); treatment continued for 5 days.

[0102] 4. Treatment efficacy

[0103] After 3 days of treatment, 80% of the sick turtles experienced relief from respiratory distress; after 5 days, all the sick turtles' symptoms disappeared, achieving a 100% cure rate. There were no cases of death due to mucosal irritation or stress, and the survival rate of hatchlings increased by 35% compared to traditional treatments.

[0104] Example 2: Treatment of respiratory tract infection in adult Yellow-margined Box Turtles of western Anhui

[0105] 1. Case details

[0106] Twenty adult Anhui yellow-margined box turtles aged 3 years or older exhibited symptoms of coughing and increased respiratory rate, and tests revealed a mixed bacterial and viral infection.

[0107] 2. Treatment methods

[0108] The drug preparation and nebulization operation were the same as in Example 1, and the treatment was continued for 7 days.

[0109] 3. Treatment efficacy

[0110] Five days after treatment, the respiratory inflammation subsided significantly; seven days later, all adult turtles resumed normal breathing with no recurrence and their reproductive function remained unaffected.

[0111] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-irritating nebulized treatment for respiratory infections in turtles, characterized in that, The medication comprises a first-round nebulized medication and a second-round nebulized medication, with the following specific composition: The first round of nebulized medication included 10 ml of normal saline and 0.2 ml of aminophylline. The second round of nebulized medication consists of a mixture of 10ml of normal saline, 50mg of amikacin, 1mg of dexamethasone, and 10mg of ribavirin.

2. The method of using the non-irritating nebulized treatment drug for turtle respiratory tract infections as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using the nebulized therapeutic drug includes the following steps: Step 1: Preliminary Preparations (1) Equipment inspection and disinfection Nebulizer calibration: A medical-grade compressor nebulizer is used, and the diameter of the atomized particles is pre-adjusted to 3-5μm to ensure a stable atomization rate; Nebulizer box preparation: Select a transparent and sealed nebulizer box, line the inside of the box with sterile damp gauze, wipe and disinfect the box with 5% povidone-iodine solution in advance, and let it dry before use; Tool sterilization: Syringes, measuring cups, and other equipment used for drug preparation are sterilized by high-pressure steam to avoid cross-infection; (2) Assessment of turtle condition Before treatment, place the turtle in a quiet environment and observe it for 10 minutes to confirm that there is no severe stress. Record initial symptoms as a benchmark for evaluating treatment effectiveness; Step 2, Drug Preparation: First round of nebulized medication: Take 10ml of sterile saline, add 0.2ml of aminophylline injection, mix well, and prepare the first round of nebulized medication; Second round of nebulized medication: Take 10ml of sterile saline, add 50mg of amikacin injection, 1mg of dexamethasone injection and 10mg of ribavirin injection in sequence, stir until evenly mixed, and prepare the second round of nebulized medication. Step 3, Atomization Operation: (1) First round of atomization Drug loading: Inject the pre-prepared "first round of nebulized medication" into the nebulizer's medicine cup and connect the tubing to the air inlet of the nebulizer box; Start-up and monitoring: Turn on the atomizer and observe the uniformity of atomization in the box to ensure that the turtle's head is in an area with a high atomization concentration; Observation during the process: Observe once every 5 minutes. If the turtle shows slight agitation, the atomization rate can be reduced. It is strictly forbidden to stop the treatment midway. (2) Interval treatment Turn off the atomizer and keep the atomizing box sealed. Only open the top vent for slight ventilation to avoid a sudden drop in the temperature inside the box. Observe the turtle's breathing. If the breathing rate is slower than before treatment, it is considered that the first round of nebulized medication has taken effect. (3) Second round of atomization Drug loading: Replace the drug cup and inject the "second round of nebulized drugs" mixture, ensuring no sedimentation or stratification; Key points of operation: Keep the box quiet during the atomization process, and do not knock on the box or expose it to strong light to avoid stimulating the turtles; Endpoint determination: After 15 minutes, turn off the nebulizer and observe whether the turtle's nasal secretions decrease and its breathing becomes more stable.

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