Phased-array antenna unit and phased-array antenna with same

Abstract

The invention provides a phased-array antenna unit and a phased-array antenna with the same, and the phased-array antenna unit comprises a first substrate; the grounding plate is arranged above the first substrate; the second substrate is arranged above the first substrate; the first patch is arranged on one side, far away from the first substrate, of the second substrate; the third substrate is arranged on one side, far away from the first substrate, of the first patch; the second patch is arranged on one side, far away from the first substrate, of the third substrate; the first micro-strip feeder and the second micro-strip feeder are arranged on the side, away from the second substrate, of the first substrate, and the first micro-strip feeder and the second micro-strip feeder are arranged at an angle and are both communicated with the first patch. According to the technical scheme, the problem that a single-polarized phased-array antenna in the prior art cannot meet the use requirement is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a phased array antenna element and a phased array antenna having the same. Background Technology

[0002] Phased array antennas can achieve electronic scanning and guidance of the antenna beam by controlling the phase of each element in the antenna array without moving the physical structure of the antenna. Phased array antennas can flexibly adjust the radiation direction and intensity of electromagnetic waves, which makes them widely used in radar, communications, satellite and other fields.

[0003] In existing technologies, such as single-polarization phased array antennas, the polarization characteristics are usually singular, meaning they can only effectively handle one of the vertical or horizontal polarizations. This means that in scenarios where two orthogonal polarization signals need to be processed simultaneously, such as satellite communication, multi-channel radar systems, and wireless communication in certain complex environments, single-polarization phased array antennas cannot meet the usage requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a phased array antenna unit and a phased array antenna having the same, so as to solve the problem that single-polarized phased array antennas in related technologies cannot meet the application requirements.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a phased array antenna element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; a ground plane disposed above the first substrate; a second substrate disposed above the first substrate; a first patch disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate; a third substrate disposed on the side of the first patch away from the first substrate; a second patch disposed on the side of the third substrate away from the first substrate; a first microstrip feed line and a second microstrip feed line disposed on the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, wherein the first microstrip feed line and the second microstrip feed line are arranged at an angle and are both connected to the first patch.

[0006] Furthermore, a first connecting through hole is provided on the first substrate, a second connecting through hole is provided on the ground plane, and a third connecting through hole is provided on the second substrate. The phased array antenna unit also includes a first connecting post, which passes through the first connecting through hole, the second connecting through hole, and the third connecting through hole. The two ends of the first connecting post are respectively connected to the first patch and the first microstrip feed line.

[0007] Furthermore, a fourth connecting through hole is provided on the first substrate, a fifth connecting through hole is provided on the ground plane, and a sixth connecting through hole is provided on the second substrate. The phased array antenna unit also includes a second connecting post, which passes through the fourth connecting through hole, the fifth connecting through hole, and the sixth connecting through hole. The two ends of the second connecting post are respectively connected to the first patch and the second microstrip feed line.

[0008] Furthermore, the first patch has a first polygonal structure and is disposed in the middle of the second substrate. The length of any side of the first patch is greater than or equal to 0.2λ0 and less than or equal to 0.26λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to a preset frequency.

[0009] Furthermore, an adjustment through hole is provided in the middle of the first patch. The adjustment through hole has a second polygonal structure. The length of any side of the adjustment through hole is greater than or equal to 0.02λ0 and less than or equal to 0.08λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to the preset frequency.

[0010] Furthermore, the second patch has a third polygonal structure and is disposed in the middle of the third substrate. The length of any side of the second patch is greater than or equal to 0.15λ0 and less than or equal to 0.25λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to the preset frequency.

[0011] Furthermore, the extension direction of the first microstrip feed line and the extension direction of the second microstrip feed line are set perpendicular to each other.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, a phased array antenna is provided, including a fourth substrate and a plurality of phased array antenna elements arrayed on the fourth substrate, wherein the phased array antenna elements are the aforementioned phased array antenna elements.

[0013] Furthermore, along the array direction of the phased array antenna elements, the interval between any two adjacent phased array antenna elements is greater than or equal to 0.3λ0 and less than or equal to 0.7λ0.

[0014] Furthermore, the phased array antenna also includes a parasitic structure, which includes multiple metal strips and multiple metal blocks. The multiple metal blocks are arranged one-to-one with multiple phased array antenna elements. The multiple metal blocks are arranged on the side of the fourth substrate away from the multiple phased array antenna elements. Each metal block has a cavity on the side close to the fourth substrate. Along the array direction of the phased array antenna elements, multiple metal strips are arranged on the side of the fourth substrate close to the multiple phased array antenna elements. Each phased array antenna element has a metal strip on both sides. A metal strip is arranged between every two adjacent phased array antenna elements.

[0015] The phased array antenna element of this invention includes a first substrate, a ground plane, a second substrate, a first patch, a third substrate, a second patch, a first microstrip feed line, and a second microstrip feed line. The first substrate not only supports the ground plane and the second substrate but also feeds the second substrate, the first patch, the third substrate, and the second patch. The second substrate, the first patch, the third substrate, and the second patch form a radiating structure, increasing the active bandwidth of the phased array antenna element. The arrangement of the first and second microstrip feed lines forms a dual-polarized microstrip feed structure, giving the phased array antenna element dual-polarization characteristics, enabling it to handle polarized signals in two directions. The first and second microstrip feed lines can feed the second substrate, the first patch, the third substrate, and the second patch. Therefore, the technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem that single-polarized phased array antennas in related technologies cannot meet usage requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of a phased array antenna element according to the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A top view of the third substrate and the second patch of the phased array antenna element;

[0019] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A top view of the second substrate and the first patch of the phased array antenna unit;

[0020] Figure 4 A top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the phased array antenna according to the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 A top view schematic diagram of another embodiment of a phased array antenna;

[0022] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 A front view schematic diagram of a phased array antenna;

[0023] Figure 7 It shows Figure 5 The active S-parameters of the edge elements of the third phased array antenna when no parasitic structure is set;

[0024] Figure 8 It shows Figure 5The active S-parameters of the edge elements when the third phased array of the phased array antenna is configured with a parasitic structure;

[0025] Figure 9 It shows Figure 5 The third phased array of the phased array antenna has a horizontally polarized scanning pattern at 35 GHz.

[0026] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0027] 10. First substrate; 20. Ground plane; 30. Second substrate; 40. First patch; 41. Adjustment via; 50. Third substrate; 60. Second patch; 70. First microstrip feed line; 80. Second microstrip feed line; 90. First connecting post; 100. Second connecting post; 200. Fourth substrate; 210. Parasitic structure; 211. Metal strip; 212. Metal block. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0030] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the phased array antenna unit of this embodiment includes: a first substrate 10, a ground plane 20, a second substrate 30, a first patch 40, a third substrate 50, and a second patch 60. The ground plane 20 is disposed above the first substrate 10. The second substrate 30 is disposed above the first substrate. The first patch 40 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 30 away from the first substrate 10. The third substrate 50 is disposed on the side of the first patch 40 away from the first substrate 10. The second patch 60 is disposed on the side of the third substrate 50 away from the first substrate 10. A first microstrip feed line 70 and a second microstrip feed line 80 are disposed on the side of the first substrate 10 away from the second substrate 30. The first microstrip feed line 70 and the second microstrip feed line 80 are arranged at an angle and are both connected to the first patch 40.

[0032] Using the technical solution of this embodiment, the phased array antenna element includes a first substrate 10, a ground plane 20, a second substrate 30, a first patch 40, a third substrate 50, a second patch 60, a first microstrip feed line 70, and a second microstrip feed line 80. The first substrate 10 not only supports the ground plane 20 and the second substrate 30, but also feeds the second substrate 30, the first patch 40, the third substrate 50, and the second patch 60. The second substrate 30, the first patch 40, the third substrate 50, and the second patch 60 form a radiating structure, which can increase the active bandwidth of the phased array antenna element. The arrangement of the first microstrip feed line 70 and the second microstrip feed line 80 can form a dual-polarized microstrip feed structure, giving the phased array antenna element dual-polarization characteristics, enabling it to handle polarized signals in two directions. The first microstrip feed line 70 and the second microstrip feed line 80 can feed the second substrate 30, the first patch 40, the third substrate 50, and the second patch 60. Therefore, the technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem that single-polarized phased array antennas in related technologies cannot meet the usage requirements.

[0033] It should be noted that when the first microstrip feed line 70 and the second microstrip feed line 80 are partially overlapped in the thickness direction of the first substrate 10, an insulating structure is provided between the first microstrip feed line 70 and the second microstrip feed line 80.

[0034] In this embodiment, the second substrate 30 is disposed on the side of the ground plane 20 away from the first substrate 10. In other embodiments, the second substrate 30 and the ground plane 20 may be disposed at intervals on the side of the first substrate 10 facing the third substrate 50.

[0035] The first substrate 10, ground plane 20, second substrate 30, first patch 40, third substrate 50 and second patch 60 are coaxially arranged.

[0036] In this embodiment, the phased array antenna element is a dual-polarized stacked patch element.

[0037] The first patch 40 and the second patch 60 are made of metal.

[0038] The first substrate 10, the second substrate 30, and the third substrate 50 are RO4003C substrates.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a first connecting through-hole is provided on the first substrate 10, a second connecting through-hole is provided on the ground plane 20, and a third connecting through-hole is provided on the second substrate 30. The phased array antenna unit also includes a first connecting post 90, which passes through the first connecting through-hole, the second connecting through-hole, and the third connecting through-hole. The two ends of the first connecting post 90 are respectively connected to the first patch 40 and the first microstrip feed line 70. The first connecting through-hole allows the first connecting post 90 to pass through the first substrate 10, the second connecting through-hole allows the first connecting post 90 to pass through the ground plane 20, and the third connecting through-hole allows the first connecting post 90 to pass through the second substrate 30, thereby enabling the first connecting post 90 to connect the first patch 40 and the first microstrip feed line 70.

[0040] It should be noted that there is a gap between the outer periphery of the first connecting post 90 and the second connecting through hole.

[0041] The first connecting through hole, the second connecting through hole, and the third connecting through hole are coaxially arranged. The axes of the first connecting through hole, the second connecting through hole, and the third connecting through hole all extend along the direction from the first substrate to the second substrate.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, in this embodiment, the first substrate 10 is further provided with a fourth connecting through-hole, the ground plane 20 is further provided with a fifth connecting through-hole, and the second substrate 30 is further provided with a sixth connecting through-hole. The phased array antenna unit also includes a second connecting post 100, which passes through the fourth, fifth, and sixth connecting through-holes. The two ends of the second connecting post 100 are respectively connected to the first patch 40 and the second microstrip feed line 80. The fourth connecting through-hole allows the second connecting post 100 to pass through the first substrate 10, the fifth connecting through-hole allows the second connecting post 100 to pass through the ground plane 20, and the sixth connecting through-hole allows the second connecting post 100 to pass through the second substrate 30. Thus, the second connecting post 100 can connect the first patch 40 to the first microstrip feed line 70.

[0043] It should be noted that there is a gap between the outer periphery of the second connecting post 100 and the fifth connecting through hole.

[0044] The fourth, fifth, and sixth connecting through holes are coaxially arranged. The axes of the fourth, fifth, and sixth connecting through holes all extend along the direction from the first substrate to the second substrate.

[0045] The first connecting post 90 and the second connecting post 100 can be polygonal or circular in shape.

[0046] The first patch 40 is provided with a seventh connection through hole, one end of the first connecting post 90 is inserted into the seventh connection through hole, and the other end of the first connecting post 90 is connected to the first microstrip feeder 70.

[0047] The first patch 40 is provided with an eighth connecting through hole, one end of the second connecting post 100 is inserted into the eighth connecting through hole, and the other end of the second connecting post 100 is connected to the first microstrip feeder 70.

[0048] The seventh and eighth connecting vias are spaced apart on the first patch 40. The first and fourth connecting vias are spaced apart on the first substrate 10. The second and fifth connecting vias are spaced apart on the ground plane 20. The third and sixth connecting vias are spaced apart on the second substrate 30.

[0049] The first and fourth connecting through holes penetrate the first substrate 10 in the thickness direction. The second and fifth connecting through holes penetrate the ground plane 20 in the thickness direction. The third and sixth connecting through holes penetrate the second substrate 30 in the thickness direction.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, in this embodiment, the first patch 40 is a first polygonal structure, disposed in the middle of the second substrate 30. The length of any side of the first patch 40 is greater than or equal to 0.2λ0 and less than or equal to 0.26λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to a preset frequency. Disposing the first patch 40 in the middle of the second substrate 30 effectively widens the operating bandwidth of the antenna element. By limiting the length of any side of the first patch 40, the matching degree and operating bandwidth of the antenna can be improved.

[0051] It should be noted that the length of any side of the first patch 40 can be 0.2λ0, 0.21λ0, 0.22λ0, 0.23λ0, 0.24λ0, 0.25λ0, or 0.26λ0. Preferably, the length of any side of the first patch 40 is greater than or equal to 0.22λ0 and less than or equal to 0.24λ0.

[0052] The preset frequency is the center frequency of 35GHz.

[0053] The first patch 40 is a first polygonal structure, meaning that the outer contour of the first patch 40 is a polygon.

[0054] The first patch 40 is disposed in the middle of the second substrate 30, meaning that the axis of the first patch 40 is adjacent to or coincides with the axis of the second substrate 30.

[0055] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, an adjustment through-hole 41 is provided in the middle of the first patch 40. The adjustment through-hole 41 has a second polygonal structure, and the length of any side of the adjustment through-hole 41 is greater than or equal to 0.02λ0 and less than or equal to 0.08λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to a preset frequency. By providing the adjustment through-hole 41, the mutual coupling between the first patch 40 and the second patch 60 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the matching degree of the phased array antenna element.

[0056] The adjustment through hole 41 is a second polygonal structure, meaning that the outline of the inner wall of the adjustment through hole 41 is a polygon.

[0057] An adjustment through hole 41 is provided in the middle of the first patch 40, meaning that the axis of the adjustment through hole 41 is adjacent to or coincides with the axis of the first patch 40.

[0058] The length of any side of the adjusting through hole 41 can be 0.02λ0, 0.04λ0, 0.05λ0, 0.06λ0, and 0.08λ0.

[0059] Preferably, the length of any side of the adjusting through hole 41 is greater than or equal to 0.04λ0 and less than or equal to 0.06λ0.

[0060] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, in this embodiment, the second patch 60 has a third polygonal structure and is disposed in the middle of the third substrate 50. The length of any side of the second patch 60 is greater than or equal to 0.15λ0 and less than or equal to 0.25λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to the preset frequency. The second patch 60 is disposed in the middle of the third substrate 50 as the radiating element. By limiting the length of any side of the second patch 60, the operating frequency can be adjusted.

[0061] It should be noted that the length of any side of the second patch 60 can be 0.15λ0, 0.18λ0, 0.2λ0, 0.21λ0, 0.215λ0, 0.22λ0, 0.24λ0 or 0.25λ0.

[0062] Preferably, the length of any side of the second patch 60 is greater than or equal to 0.21λ0 and less than or equal to 0.22λ0.

[0063] The second patch 60 is a third polygonal structure, meaning that the outer contour of the second patch 60 is a polygon.

[0064] The second patch 60 is disposed in the middle of the third substrate 50, meaning that the axis of the second patch 60 is adjacent to or coincides with the axis of the third substrate 50.

[0065] The first substrate 10 has a fourth polygonal structure, the ground plane 20 has a fifth polygonal structure, the second substrate 30 has a sixth polygonal structure, and the third substrate 50 has a seventh polygonal structure.

[0066] The first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh polygonal structures can be quadrilaterals, pentagons, or hexagons, or other polygons. In this embodiment, the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh polygonal structures are all regular quadrilaterals.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first polygon structure, the second polygon structure, the fourth polygon structure, the fifth polygon structure, the sixth polygon structure, and the seventh polygon structure are all regular quadrilaterals.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the extension direction of the first microstrip feed line 70 and the extension direction of the second microstrip feed line 80 are perpendicular to each other. This arrangement enables the first microstrip feed line 70 and the second microstrip feed line 80 to process differential signals more effectively.

[0069] like Figures 5 to 9As shown, the phased array antenna of this embodiment includes a fourth substrate 200 and a plurality of phased array antenna elements arrayed on the fourth substrate 200. The phased array antenna elements are those described above. The phased array antenna elements described above, by providing a first microstrip feed line 70 and a second microstrip feed line 80, enable the phased array antenna elements to have dual-polarization characteristics. The phased array antenna having the above-described phased array antenna elements also possesses the aforementioned advantages.

[0070] It should be noted that the multiple phased array antenna elements are arranged in M ​​rows × N columns, where M and N are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and M and N are not both 1 at the same time.

[0071] The fourth substrate 200 is an RO4003C substrate.

[0072] The phased array antenna in this embodiment operates in the 33GHz-37GHz frequency band (center frequency of 35GHz), corresponding to the 5G NRn260 / n261 frequency band.

[0073] The phased array antenna in this embodiment can be applied to 5G millimeter-wave base station antennas, satellite communication terminals, military radar systems, or autonomous vehicle radar.

[0074] This embodiment explores the impedance matching design method of a two-dimensional dual-polarized millimeter-wave stacked patch antenna phased array, which can meet the needs of related communication fields for dual-polarization, millimeter-wave and integrable phased arrays.

[0075] In designing the phased array antenna in this embodiment, a suitable stacked patch antenna is first selected as the phased array antenna element. The phased array surface structure is designed to meet the large scanning angle requirement, including determining the spacing, number, and arrangement of the phased array antenna elements. The use of a structure combining a metal back cavity and metal strips enables the introduction of additional coupling paths to compensate for the impedance matching of inherent coupling. Subsequently, performance tests are conducted on phased arrays at different scanning angles to obtain data such as active S-parameters and radiation pattern parameters (main lobe gain, beamwidth, and sidelobe level).

[0076] The phased array antenna in this embodiment enables a dual-polarization, millimeter-wave characteristic, and integrable phased array design. Through optimized design, the phased array's performance indicators, such as active S-parameters, main lobe gain, beamwidth, and sidelobe level, are optimized at different scanning angles, thereby improving the application performance of phased arrays in the field of microwave communication.

[0077] This embodiment proposes a dual-polarization broadband large-scan phased array antenna with a double-layer metal patch stacked architecture. Its centrally symmetrical structure makes it easy to achieve dual-polarization operation characteristics. Furthermore, through the optimization of the spacing between the hybrid parasitic decoupling structure and the phased array antenna elements, the phased array antenna has stable large-angle scanning performance in a wide frequency band.

[0078] A parasitic structure that combines a metal back cavity structure and an I-type metal strip attached to a phased array antenna element can effectively reduce the mutual coupling effect between array elements, thereby achieving enhanced impedance matching over a wide bandwidth and improving the performance of large-angle scanning.

[0079] Optimizing the spacing of phased array antenna elements and arranging them appropriately within the same size can optimize the large-angle scanning capability and high-gain requirements of phased array antennas.

[0080] The square holes etched on the first patch can be used to adjust impedance matching. Appropriate values ​​can optimize the active S-parameters of the phased array over a wide bandwidth.

[0081] like Figures 5 to 9 As shown, in this embodiment, along the array direction of the phased array antenna elements, the spacing between any two adjacent phased array antenna elements is greater than or equal to 0.3λ0 and less than or equal to 0.7λ0. By limiting the spacing between two adjacent phased array antenna elements, the main lobe gain, 3dB beamwidth, and sidelobe level of the horizontal polarization of the phased array antenna can be more optimized in both receiving and transmitting states.

[0082] Along the array direction of the phased array antenna elements, the spacing between any two adjacent phased array antenna elements can be 0.3λ0, 0.5λ0, 0.55λ0, 0.57λ0, 0.59λ0, 0.6λ0, or 0.7λ0.

[0083] Preferably, the interval between any two adjacent phased array antenna elements is greater than or equal to 0.55λ0 and less than or equal to 0.6λ0.

[0084] like Figures 5 to 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the phased array antenna further includes a parasitic structure 210. The parasitic structure 210 includes multiple metal strips 211 and multiple metal blocks 212. The multiple metal blocks 212 are arranged one-to-one with multiple phased array antenna elements. The multiple metal blocks 212 are disposed on the side of the fourth substrate 200 away from the multiple phased array antenna elements, and each metal block 212 has a cavity on the side close to the fourth substrate 200. Along the array direction of the phased array antenna elements, the multiple metal strips 211 are disposed on the side of the fourth substrate 200 close to the multiple phased array antenna elements. Each phased array antenna element has one metal strip 211 on both sides, and one metal strip 211 is disposed between every two adjacent phased array antenna elements. The parasitic structure 210 can effectively reduce the mutual coupling effect between phased array antenna elements and improve the radiation performance of the phased array antenna during large-angle scanning. Simultaneously, during large-angle scanning, the parasitic structure 210 also provides enhanced impedance matching.

[0085] It should be noted that the four sides of the metal block 212, excluding the top and bottom surfaces, form a square.

[0086] In the array direction of the phased array antenna element, any two adjacent metal blocks 212 are attached together.

[0087] On one side of the fourth substrate 200 where multiple metal strips 211 are provided, a metal strip 211 is provided at a position corresponding to the junction of any two adjacent metal blocks 212. At a position corresponding to the outermost surface of the multiple outermost metal blocks 212, a metal strip is provided on the side of each metal block.

[0088] On one side of the fourth substrate 200, where multiple metal strips are provided, and in the array direction of the phased array antenna element, at the position corresponding to the junction of any two adjacent metal blocks 212, only one metal strip 211 is provided.

[0089] In this embodiment, a multilayer patch antenna is selected as the phased array antenna element to achieve the technical specifications. It mainly includes the following layered structure and design parameters (based on the air wavelength λ0 corresponding to a center frequency of 35 GHz): a second patch 60, a first patch 40, a third substrate 50, a second substrate 30, a ground plane 20, and metallized vias 6. Two metallized vias 6 are drilled into the first patch 40, penetrating the second substrate 30 and the ground plane 20, and connecting to the first and second microstrip feed lines located on the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, forming a dual-polarized microstrip feed structure. An adjustment via 41 is etched in the center of the first patch 40.

[0090] One of the two metallized vias includes a first connecting via, a second connecting via, a third connecting via, and a seventh connecting via; the other of the two metallized vias includes a fourth connecting via, a fifth connecting via, a sixth connecting via, and an eighth connecting via.

[0091] The 15° scanning phased array structure composed of phased array antenna elements in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, 81 phased array antenna elements are arranged in a square with equal spacing in the first array direction and the second array direction. The spacing between the phased array antenna elements is between 0.55λ0 and 0.6λ0, forming the first phased array.

[0092] It should be noted that the first array direction and the second array direction are set perpendicular to each other.

[0093] During transmission, each phased array antenna element only undergoes phase weighting, and within the wide operating frequency band of 33GHz-37GHz, the active S-parameters can be maintained at less than -10dB during both direct and scanning modes.

[0094] Active S-parameters refer to the active reflection coefficient, which characterizes the impedance matching performance of a phased array element at a specific scanning angle. Ideally, the value should be less than -10dB; otherwise, signal energy reflection will occur, affecting radiation efficiency.

[0095] When the phased array is in the transmit state with a 15° scan, taking horizontal polarization as an example, at 35 GHz, its main lobe gain is 25 dBi, its 3 dB beamwidth is 9.4°, and its side lobe level is -13.3 dB; when scanning ±15°, the main lobe gain is 24.7 dB, the 3 dB beamwidth is 9.7°, and the side lobe level is -12.3 dB.

[0096] As the scanning angle increases, the sidelobe level will increase, with the sidelobe level increasing by about 1 dB compared to direct beam when scanning ±15°; the beamwidth will expand by about 0.3° compared to direct beam; and the gain will decrease by about 0.3 dB.

[0097] In the receiving state, taking horizontal polarization as an example, at the center frequency of 35 GHz, the main lobe gain is 24.8 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 10.4°, and the side lobe level is -20.2 dB; when scanning ±15°, the main lobe gain is 24.6 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 10.7°, and the side lobe level is -19.4 dB.

[0098] Similarly, as the scanning angle increases, the sidelobe level increases by about 0.8 dB compared to direct beam when scanning ±15°; the beamwidth expands by about 0.3° compared to direct beam; and the gain decreases by about 0.2 dB.

[0099] To meet the requirements of phased array design for large-angle scanning, in another embodiment, the spacing between the phased array antenna elements is first shortened to suppress scanning grating lobes and reduce gain fluctuations. Simultaneously, two phased array antenna elements are added to each row and column to maintain the overall size of the phased array radiation area. The 121 phased array antenna elements are arranged in a square with equal spacing in both the first and second array directions. The spacing between the phased array antenna elements is greater than or equal to 0.45λ0 and less than or equal to 0.55λ0, forming a second phased array. In this case, compared to the first phased array, at 35 GHz, in the transmission state, the second phased array has a horizontally polarized main lobe gain of 25.1 dBi, a 3 dB beamwidth of 9.6°, and a sidelobe level of -13.2 dB. When scanning ±15°, its horizontally polarized main lobe gain at 35 GHz in the transmission state is 24.9 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 10°, and the sidelobe level is -12.6 dB.

[0100] In the receiving state, the second phased array has a main lobe gain of 24.6 dBi, a 3 dB beamwidth of 11.4°, and a side lobe level of -25.1 dB at 35 GHz with horizontal polarization. When scanning ±15°, its main lobe gain with horizontal polarization is 24.5 dBi, its 3 dB beamwidth is 11.9°, and its side lobe level is -24 dB.

[0101] Compared to the first phased array, the second phased array has improvements in both gain and sidelobe suppression.

[0102] The spacing between the antenna elements of the second phased array can be 0.45λ0, 0.46λ0, 0.48λ0, 0.49λ0, 0.5λ0, 0.52λ0, 0.54λ0, or 0.55λ0.

[0103] To further improve the large-angle scanning performance, a parasitic structure combining a metal back cavity structure and a metal strip 211 is loaded around each phased array antenna element, based on the second phased array. Figure 5 As shown, this constitutes the third phased array. Here, the hybrid metallic parasitic structure effectively reduces the mutual coupling effect between phased array antenna elements, improving its radiation performance during large-angle scanning. Simultaneously, the parasitic structure also enhances impedance matching during large-angle scanning. After applying impedance matching technology, the active S-parameters of the edge elements in direct beam, 45° horizontal polarization scanning, and 45° vertical polarization scanning all meet the -10dB impedance matching requirement within the broadband, demonstrating its optimization effect on active S-parameters. A comparison of the active S-parameter curves of the second and third phased arrays is shown below. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0104] The metal back cavity structure is a metal block. The shape of the metal strip 211 is I-shaped.

[0105] For comparison, taking horizontal polarization at 35 GHz as an example, the main lobe gain of the third phased array in the transmit state is 25.1 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 9.6°, and the side lobe level is -13.1 dB. When scanning ±15°, its horizontal polarization main lobe gain is 24.9 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 10.1°, and the side lobe level is -12.5 dB.

[0106] In receiving mode, the main lobe gain of the third phased array is 24.7 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 11.2°, and the side lobe level is -23 dB. When scanning ±15°, its horizontally polarized main lobe gain is 24.6 dBi, the 3 dB beamwidth is 11.7°, and the side lobe level is -22.4 dB.

[0107] When performing a large-angle scan (0°~±45°), the radiation pattern of the scanned phased array in the transmission state is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, under large-angle scanning conditions, the main lobe gain fluctuation is ≤2.1dB, and the side lobe level is maintained below -11.9dB. This demonstrates that by optimizing the hybrid parasitic decoupling structure and the spacing between phased array antenna elements, the gain attenuation and side lobe rise during large-angle scanning are effectively suppressed, achieving stable radiation performance over a wide bandwidth angle range.

[0108] Hybrid parasitic decoupling structure and hybrid metal parasitic structure both refer to parasitic structures that combine metal back cavity structure and metal strip, where the metal back cavity structure refers to metal block 212.

[0109] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that "a plurality of" means two or more. Directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right," "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal," and "top, bottom" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner or outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0110] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0111] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0112] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phased array antenna element, characterized in that, include: First substrate (10); A ground plane (20) is disposed above the first substrate (10); A second substrate (30) is disposed above the first substrate; The first patch (40) is disposed on the side of the second substrate (30) away from the first substrate (10); The third substrate (50) is disposed on the side of the first patch (40) away from the first substrate (10); The second patch (60) is disposed on the side of the third substrate (50) away from the first substrate (10); The first microstrip feed line (70) and the second microstrip feed line (80) are disposed on the side of the first substrate (10) away from the second substrate (30). The first microstrip feed line (70) and the second microstrip feed line (80) are arranged at an angle and are both connected to the first patch (40).

2. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first substrate (10) is provided with a first connection through hole, the ground plane (20) is provided with a second connection through hole, the second substrate (30) is provided with a third connection through hole, and the phased array antenna unit further includes a first connection post (90). The first connection post (90) passes through the first connection through hole, the second connection through hole and the third connection through hole, and the two ends of the first connection post (90) are respectively connected to the first patch (40) and the first microstrip feed line (70).

3. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first substrate (10) is further provided with a fourth connection through hole, the ground plane (20) is further provided with a fifth connection through hole, the second substrate (30) is further provided with a sixth connection through hole, and the phased array antenna unit further includes a second connecting post (100). The second connecting post (100) passes through the fourth connection through hole, the fifth connection through hole and the sixth connection through hole. The two ends of the second connecting post (100) are respectively connected to the first patch (40) and the second microstrip feed line (80).

4. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first patch (40) is a first polygonal structure. The first patch (40) is disposed in the middle of the second substrate (30). The length of any side of the first patch (40) is greater than or equal to 0.2λ0 and less than or equal to 0.26λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to a preset frequency.

5. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first patch (40) has an adjustment through hole (41) in the middle. The adjustment through hole (41) is a second polygonal structure. The length of any side of the adjustment through hole (41) is greater than or equal to 0.02λ0 and less than or equal to 0.08λ0. λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to a preset frequency.

6. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second patch (60) is a third polygonal structure. The second patch (60) is disposed in the middle of the third substrate (50). The length of any side of the second patch (60) is greater than or equal to 0.15λ0 and less than or equal to 0.25λ0, where λ0 is the air wavelength corresponding to a preset frequency.

7. The phased array antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The extension direction of the first microstrip feed line (70) is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second microstrip feed line (80).

8. A phased array antenna, comprising a fourth substrate (200) and a plurality of phased array antenna elements arrayed on the fourth substrate (200), characterized in that, The phased array antenna element is the phased array antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The phased array antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, Along the array direction of the phased array antenna elements, the interval between any two adjacent phased array antenna elements is greater than or equal to 0.3λ0 and less than or equal to 0.7λ0.

10. The phased array antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The phased array antenna also includes a parasitic structure (210), which includes multiple metal strips (211) and multiple metal blocks (212). The multiple metal blocks (212) are arranged one-to-one with the multiple phased array antenna elements. The multiple metal blocks (212) are arranged on the side of the fourth substrate (200) away from the multiple phased array antenna elements. Each metal block (212) has a cavity on the side close to the fourth substrate (200). Along the array direction of the phased array antenna elements, a plurality of metal strips (211) are disposed on one side of the fourth substrate (200) near the plurality of phased array antenna elements. Each phased array antenna element has a metal strip (211) on both sides, and a metal strip (211) is disposed between each two adjacent phased array antenna elements.

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