Variable-stiffness gradient energy absorption component for roadway support and mounting method of variable-stiffness gradient energy absorption component

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable stiffness gradient energy absorption component for roadway support and an installation method, the variable stiffness gradient energy absorption component for roadway support comprises: stand columns arranged on two sides of a roadway, the upper ends of the stand columns being provided with a jacking mechanism; the brackets are arranged between the stand columns on the two sides and connected with the stand columns through connecting plates, and the adjacent brackets are further connected through third elastic pull rods; the buffer mechanism is rotationally mounted on the bracket and is connected with the stand column through a first elastic pull rod; the supporting anchor rod comprises a connecting pipe installed on the buffering mechanism, the connecting pipe is connected with a cushioning pipe, and the cushioning pipe is connected with an energy absorption pipe. The first rotating base rotates at the lower end of the connecting pipe and is connected with the stand column through a second elastic pull rod.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of roadway support, in particular to a variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support and a mounting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the mining process of underground engineering such as coal mines and metal mines, with the increasing of mining depth, strong mine pressure appearance, large deformation of surrounding rock and dynamic impact (such as rock burst and seismic wave) often occur. The traditional rigid support structure (such as U-shaped steel support and concrete lining) performs well under static load conditions, but when dealing with intense and instantaneous dynamic load impact, it is prone to brittle failure due to its large stiffness and poor deformation ability, resulting in support failure and serious danger to mine safety.

[0003] In the prior art, such as energy-absorbing anchor rods and yielding supports, they set weak surfaces or damping structures in the components to absorb energy by plastic deformation or friction sliding under overload. However, the energy-absorbing process is often based on a single mechanism, with limited energy-absorbing efficiency and capacity, making it difficult to respond to complex impact loads of multiple dimensions and multiple magnitudes. The energy-absorbing trigger threshold is fixed and cannot respond intelligently and hierarchically according to the strength of the impact energy, which may cause the yielding support to be triggered by slight disturbance or not fully absorb energy under a large impact.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support and a mounting method to solve the problems raised in the background. SUMMARY

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support, comprising:

[0006] A stand is arranged on both sides of the roadway, and a top support mechanism is installed on the upper end of the stand;

[0007] A bracket is arranged between the two stands, and the bracket is connected to the stand by a connecting plate. The adjacent brackets are also connected by a third elastic tension rod;

[0008] A buffer mechanism is rotatably installed on the bracket and connected to the stand by a first elastic tension rod;

[0009] A support anchor rod comprises a connecting pipe installed on the buffer mechanism, a shock-absorbing pipe connected to the connecting pipe, and an energy-absorbing pipe connected to the shock-absorbing pipe;

[0010] A rotating seat one is rotatably installed at the lower end of the connecting pipe and connected to the stand by a second elastic tension rod.

[0011] Further, the buffer mechanism comprises:

[0012] A rotating seat two is rotatably installed at the center of the bracket, and a radial sliding head two is arranged at the upper end of the rotating seat two.

[0013] The outer wall of the rotating sleeve is provided with a spiral slide cooperating with the sliding head II, and the outer wall is also provided with an axial straight slide, and the inner wall is fixed with the support anchor rod;

[0014] The sliding head I is installed at the lower end of the holder and cooperates with the straight slide.

[0015] Further, the first elastic pull rod comprises:

[0016] The outer end of the connecting rod is horizontally hinged with a sliding rod connected with the stand column;

[0017] The inner end of the sliding sleeve rod is horizontally hinged with the side wall of the rotating seat II, and the outer end is connected with the inner end of the connecting rod through spring I;

[0018] The inner end of the column rod is connected with the inner end of the connecting rod, and the outer end is connected with the sliding sleeve rod.

[0019] Further, the top support mechanism comprises:

[0020] The top rod is fixed at the top of the stand column;

[0021] The sliding sleeve seat is slid on the outside of the top rod and is connected with the top of the stand column through spring II;

[0022] The support roof is installed at the upper end of the sliding sleeve seat.

[0023] Further, the lower end of the sliding sleeve seat is provided with an inclined top seat, and the sliding rod is provided with an inclined top block cooperating with the inclined top seat.

[0024] Further, the damping pipe is provided with a plurality of axially distributed damping ring cavities, and the damping ring cavity is provided with a damping mechanism;

[0025] The damping mechanism comprises:

[0026] The suspension cylinder is coaxially arranged with the damping ring cavity, and the upper and lower ends thereof are connected with the upper and lower bottom walls of the damping ring cavity through spring III;

[0027] The horizontal top head is radially slid through the outer wall of the damping ring cavity, and the inner end thereof is connected with the outer wall of the suspension cylinder through spring IV.

[0028] Further, the energy absorption pipe comprises:

[0029] The ring seat is provided with a sliding pipe at the center of the upper and lower ends, and the sliding pipe is externally sleeved with a sleeve pipe, the sleeve pipe is connected with the ring seat through spring V, and the inner end of the sleeve pipe is provided with a guide block;

[0030] The outer sleeve is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the ring seat and externally sleeved with the sleeve pipe, and the inner wall thereof is provided with a straight slide cooperating with the guide block, and the outer wall thereof is distributed with a rough head.

[0031] Further, the connecting pipe, the shock-absorbing pipe, the sliding pipe and the sleeve pipe are communicated, and the lower end of the connecting pipe is provided with a pressure controller.

[0032] Further, the first elastic pull rod, the second elastic pull rod and the third elastic pull rod are of the same structure.

[0033] A method for installing a variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support comprises:

[0034] S1: arranging and arranging columns along both sides of the roadway in sequence, drilling holes in the roadway roof between the two columns, installing support anchor rods, and then installing a buffer mechanism at the lower part of the support anchor rod, and then connecting the buffer mechanism and the column in the horizontal plane through the first elastic pull rod;

[0035] S2: installing a connecting plate and a bracket between the two columns on the cross section of the roadway, assembling the bracket and the buffer mechanism, and then installing a top support mechanism at the upper end of the column;

[0036] S3: horizontally connecting adjacent brackets in the horizontal plane through the third elastic pull rod;

[0037] S4: installing a rotating seat one at the lower end of the support anchor rod, and connecting the rotating seat one and the column in the vertical plane through the second elastic pull rod.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support and a method for installing the same, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] In the present application, the three-stage energy-absorbing gradient formed by the energy-absorbing pipe, the shock-absorbing pipe and the buffer mechanism allows low-intensity impact to be absorbed by the spring five and the air pressure system in the energy-absorbing pipe, medium-intensity lateral impact to be absorbed by the damping mechanism of the shock-absorbing pipe, and high-intensity impact to trigger the torsional differentiation mechanism of the buffer mechanism for variable stiffness gradient energy absorption, so that the support system can intelligently match impact loads of different intensities, avoiding fatigue damage caused by frequent actions and ensuring ultimate protection capability under extreme loads, thereby greatly widening the effective working range of the support system.

[0040] In the present application, the shock-absorbing pipe, the suspension cylinder and the cross head structure inside the shock-absorbing pipe are specially used to absorb lateral vibration, the axial sliding structure of the energy-absorbing pipe is specially used to absorb longitudinal vibration, and the buffer mechanism can convert powerful axial impact into circumferential torsion of the rotating seat two, which is differentiated and dissipated through the first elastic pull rod, thereby improving the comprehensive adaptability and absorption capacity of the support body to complex loads.

[0041] The first, second and third elastic pull rods connect the stand, the support anchor rod, the buffer mechanism and the support seat into an organic whole in horizontal and vertical planes, when impact occurs at a certain point of the stratum, the energy can be rapidly transmitted and dispersed to multiple adjacent support units for common dissipation through the pull rod network, the transmission from point support to system support is realized, the overall stability and reliability of the whole roadway support system are greatly enhanced, and the chain damage caused by local overload is effectively prevented.

[0042] In the application, the stress energy accumulated in the buffer mechanism during the energy absorption process is transmitted to the roof support mechanism through the first elastic pull rod, the inclined roof block and the inclined roof seat, and is converted into a sustained active support force for the roadway roof, which not only dissipates harmful impact energy, but also converts it into beneficial support force, enhances the roof compactness, forms a virtuous cycle of energy absorption, conversion and strengthening, and actively improves the long-term stability of the roadway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy absorption component of the application;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional local structure of an energy absorption component of the application;

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an inclined roof block structure of the application;

[0046] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a local structure of a roof support mechanism of the application;

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a local structure of a roof support mechanism of the application; Figure 4

[0048] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a first elastic pull rod structure of the application;

[0049] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a buffer ring cavity structure of the application;

[0050] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a damping mechanism structure of the application;

[0051] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a buffer pipe structure of the application;

[0052] ​In the figure: 1, column; 2, support seat; 3, buffer mechanism; 4, first elastic pull rod; 5, top support mechanism; 6, support anchor rod; 7, second elastic pull rod; 8, third elastic pull rod; 11, connecting plate; 21, rotating seat one; 31, rotating seat two; 32, rotating sleeve; 33, sliding head one; 311, sliding head two; 321, spiral slide; 322, straight slide; 41, connecting rod; 42, column rod; 43, sliding sleeve rod; 44, spring one; 411, sliding rod; 412, inclined jacking block; 413, inclined jacking seat; 51, jacking rod; 52, sliding sleeve seat; 53, spring two; 54, support roof; 61, connecting pipe; 62, shock absorption pipe; 63, energy absorption pipe; 64, pressure controller; 621, shock absorption ring cavity; 622, damping mechanism; 623, suspension cylinder; 624, spring three; 625, cross jacking head; 626, spring four; 631, ring seat; 632, sliding pipe; 633, sleeve pipe; 634, spring five; 635, outer sleeve; 6331, guide block; 6351, rough head; 6352, straight sliding groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] REFERENCE Figures 1-9 The present application provides a technical solution: a variable stiffness gradient energy absorption component for roadway support, comprising:

[0054] The column 1 is arranged on both sides of the roadway, and the upper end of the column 1 is provided with the top support mechanism 5;

[0055] The support seat 2 is arranged between the two columns, and is connected with the column 1 through the connecting plate 11. The adjacent support seats 2 are also connected through the third elastic pull rod 8;

[0056] The buffer mechanism 3 is rotatably installed on the support seat 2, and is connected with the column 1 through the first elastic pull rod 4;

[0057] The support anchor rod 6 comprises a connecting pipe 61 installed on the buffer mechanism 3, the connecting pipe 61 is connected with a shock absorption pipe 62, and the shock absorption pipe 62 is connected with an energy absorption pipe 63;

[0058] The rotating seat one 21 is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the connecting pipe 61, and is connected with the column 1 through the second elastic pull rod 7;

[0059] The shock absorption pipe 62 is mainly used for absorbing energy of transverse vibration in the roadway, and the energy absorption pipe 63 is mainly used for absorbing energy of longitudinal vibration in the roadway.

[0060] In the embodiment, the buffer mechanism 3 comprises:

[0061] The rotating seat two 31 is rotatably arranged at the center of the support seat 2, and the upper end of the rotating seat two 31 is provided with a radial sliding head two 311;

[0062] The outer wall of the rotating sleeve 32 is provided with helical slide 321 which cooperates with the sliding head 311, and the outer wall is also provided with axial straight slide 322, and the inner wall is fixed with the support anchor rod 6;

[0063] The sliding head 311 is installed at the lower end of the support 2 and cooperates with the straight slide 322 to slide;

[0064] The sliding head 311 is installed at the lower end of the support 2 and cooperates with the straight slide 322 to slide;

[0065] When the connecting pipe 61 transmits vibration along the axial direction, the connecting pipe 61 drives the rotating sleeve 32 to axially displace, so that the rotating seat 31 is twisted under the cooperation and mutual limiting action of the helical slide 321 and the radially arranged sliding head 311, and the impact energy of the connecting pipe 61 in the axial direction is differentiated and dissipated under the action of the rotating seat 31 in the circumferential direction, effectively reducing the impact effect of the support anchor rod 6 in the axial direction and the impact strength of the axial stress.

[0066] In this embodiment, the first elastic pull rod 4 comprises:

[0067] The outer end of the connecting rod 41 is horizontally hinged with a sliding rod 411 which is slidingly connected with the stand column 1;

[0068] The inner end of the sliding sleeve rod 43 is horizontally hinged with the side wall of the rotating seat 31, and the outer end is connected with the inner end of the connecting rod 41 through the spring 44;

[0069] The inner end of the column rod 42 is slidingly connected with the sliding sleeve rod 43, and the outer end is connected with the inner end of the connecting rod 41;

[0070] That is, when the rotating seat 31 is passively twisted, the first elastic pull rod 4 can move and elastically deform in the horizontal plane.

[0071] In this embodiment, the top support mechanism 5 comprises:

[0072] The top rod 51 is fixed at the top of the stand column 1;

[0073] The sliding sleeve seat 52 is slidingly arranged outside the top rod 51 and is connected with the top of the stand column 1 through the spring 53;

[0074] The support top plate 54 is installed at the upper end of the sliding sleeve seat 52.

[0075] In this embodiment, the lower end of the sliding sleeve seat 52 is provided with an inclined top seat 413, and the sliding rod 411 is provided with an inclined top block 412 which cooperates with the inclined top seat 413;

[0076] The sliding rod 411 slides in the axial direction of the support anchor rod 6, that is, when the rotating seat two 31 is passively twisted, the first elastic tension rod 4 is deformed and moved, which drives the sliding rod 411 to slide, and the sliding rod 411 drives the inclined jacking block 412 to move and push the inclined jacking seat 413. That is, the longitudinal vibration energy generated in the roadway can be differentiated and dissipated by the buffering mechanism 3 and accumulated in the buffering mechanism 3, and the stress energy accumulated in the buffering mechanism 3 is released into the jacking mechanism 5, so that the jacking mechanism 5 always has a stress effect of upward supporting, thereby enhancing the support of the roadway roof and the compactness of the roadway roof, and enabling the internal energy of the roadway roof to be quickly dissipated.

[0077] In the embodiment, the damping pipe 62 is provided with a plurality of axially distributed damping ring cavities 621, and the damping ring cavities 621 are provided with damping mechanisms 622.

[0078] The damping mechanism 622 comprises:

[0079] The suspension cylinder 623 is coaxially arranged with the damping ring cavity 621, and the upper and lower ends of the suspension cylinder 623 are connected to the upper and lower bottom walls of the damping ring cavity 621 through springs three 624.

[0080] The horizontal jacking head 625 radially slides through the outer wall of the damping ring cavity 621, and the inner end of the horizontal jacking head 625 is connected to the outer wall of the suspension cylinder 623 through a spring four 626.

[0081] The horizontal jacking head 625 is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, so as to uniformly receive the transverse vibration in the roadway. The working principle is that the suspension cylinder 623 and the damping pipe 62 are elastically connected through the connection of the springs three 624, so that the vibration transmission between the suspension cylinder 623 and the damping pipe 62 is hysteresis. Through the elastic deformation characteristics of the springs three 624, the horizontal jacking head 625 can first receive the transverse vibration energy in the roadway, so as to impact on the suspension cylinder 623, and the suspension cylinder 623 can absorb the transverse vibration energy, so as to effectively block the propagation of the transverse vibration energy in the roadway.

[0082] In the embodiment, the energy absorption pipe 63 comprises:

[0083] The ring seat 631 is provided with a sliding pipe 632 at the center of the upper and lower ends, and the sliding pipe 632 is externally sleeved with a sleeve pipe 633. The sleeve pipe 633 is connected to the ring seat 631 through a spring five 634, and the inner end of the sleeve pipe 633 is provided with a guide block 6331.

[0084] The outer sleeve 635 is arranged on the upper and lower ends of the ring seat 631 and is sleeved outside the sleeve pipe 633. The inner wall of the outer sleeve 635 is provided with a straight sliding groove 6352 matched with the guide block 6331 for sliding. The outer wall of the outer sleeve 635 is distributed with rough heads 6351.

[0085] That is, the rough heads 6451 are used to increase the friction of the outer sleeve 635, so that the outer sleeve 635 can be displaced in the first time when the vibration impact occurs in the roadway, and the vibration impact energy in the energy absorption range of the two springs 634 is absorbed, so that the buffer mechanism 3 is not started. When the vibration impact energy is outside the energy absorption range of the two springs 634, the energy absorption range is increased by one level again through the cooperation of the sliding pipe 632 and the sleeve pipe 633. When the vibration impact energy in the roadway cannot be absorbed, the buffer mechanism 3 is started to absorb energy, thereby forming a variable stiffness gradient energy absorption process to absorb the vibration impact energy generated in the roadway, thereby improving the safety strength of the roadway support.

[0086] In the embodiment, the connecting pipe 61, the shock-absorbing pipe 62, the sliding pipe 632 and the sleeve pipe 633 are connected in communication, and the lower end of the connecting pipe 61 is provided with a pressure controller 64. That is, the deformation of the support anchor rod 6 can be further buffered by the gas pressure in the support anchor rod 6, thereby further buffering the deformation of the support anchor rod 6, and improving the support strength and safety of the support anchor rod 6.

[0087] In the embodiment, the first elastic pull rod 4, the second elastic pull rod 7 and the third elastic pull rod 8 have the same structure.

[0088] In the specific implementation, it includes:

[0089] S1: The two columns 1 are arranged in sequence along the two sides of the roadway, respectively. Drill holes are drilled in the roof of the roadway between the two columns 1, and support anchor rods 6 are installed. The buffer mechanism 3 is installed at the lower part of the support anchor rod 6, and the buffer mechanism 3 and the column 1 are connected in the horizontal plane by the first elastic pull rod 4;

[0090] S2: The connecting plate 11 and the bracket 2 are respectively installed between the two columns 1 on the cross section of the roadway. The bracket 2 is assembled with the buffer mechanism 3, and the top support mechanism 5 is installed at the upper end of the column 1;

[0091] S3: The adjacent brackets 2 are horizontally connected in the horizontal plane by the third elastic pull rod 8. That is, the overall correlation of all columns 1, support anchor rods 6 and buffer mechanisms 3 is further improved by the action of the third elastic pull rod 8, thereby improving the absorption effect of the vibration energy generated in the roadway and improving the comprehensive support strength of the roadway support;

[0092] S4: a rotating seat 21 is installed at the lower end of the support anchor rod 6, and the rotating seat 21 is connected with the vertical column 1 in the vertical plane through the second elastic pull rod 7.

[0093] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacements or changes within the technical range disclosed by the application and according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support, characterized in that, It includes: The columns (1) are set on both sides of the roadway and the top support mechanism (5) is installed on the upper end of them. The support (2) is set between the two columns and is connected to the column (1) by the connecting plate (11). The adjacent supports (2) are also connected by the third elastic tie rod (8). The buffer mechanism (3) is rotatably mounted on the support (2) and connected to the column (1) via the first elastic tie rod (4); The support anchor (6) includes a connecting pipe (61) installed on the buffer mechanism (3), the connecting pipe (61) is connected to a shock-absorbing pipe (62), and the shock-absorbing pipe (62) is connected to an energy-absorbing pipe (63). Rotary seat 1 (21) rotates at the lower end of the connecting pipe (61) and is connected to the column (1) through the second elastic tie rod (7).

2. The variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer mechanism (3) includes: Rotary seat 2 (31) rotates at the center of support (2), and its upper end is provided with radial slide head 2 (311). The rotating sleeve (32) has a spiral slide (321) on its outer wall that slides in conjunction with the sliding head (311), and a straight slide (322) on its outer wall that is axially connected. Its inner wall is fixed to the support anchor (6). Slider 1 (33) is installed at the lower end of the support (2) and slides in conjunction with the straight slide rail (322).

3. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first elastic rod (4) includes: The connecting rod (41) has a sliding rod (411) that is horizontally hinged at its outer end and slidably connected to the column (1). The inner end of the sliding rod (43) is horizontally hinged to the side wall of the rotating seat (31), and its outer end is connected to the inner end of the connecting rod (41) through the spring (44). The column rod (42) is connected to the inner end of the connecting rod (41) at its outer end, and its inner end is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve rod (43).

4. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 3, characterized in that, The supporting mechanism (5) includes: Top rod (51) is fixed to the top of column (1); The sliding sleeve (52) slides outside the top rod (51) and is connected to the top of the column (1) via the second spring (53); The support plate (54) is installed on the upper end of the sliding sleeve seat (52).

5. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower end of the sliding sleeve seat (52) is provided with an inclined top seat (413), and the sliding rod (411) is provided with an inclined top block (412) that cooperates with the inclined top seat (413).

6. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The damping tube (62) is provided with multiple axially distributed damping ring cavities (621), and the damping ring cavities (621) are provided with damping mechanisms (622). The damping mechanism (622) includes: The suspension cylinder (623) is coaxially arranged with the shock-absorbing ring cavity (621), and its upper and lower ends are respectively connected to the upper and lower bottom walls of the shock-absorbing ring cavity (621) through spring three (624); The horizontal top head (625) slides radially through the outer wall of the damping ring cavity (621), and its inner end is connected to the outer wall of the suspension cylinder (623) by spring four (626).

7. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing tube (63) includes: The ring seat (631) has a sliding tube (632) at the center of its upper and lower ends respectively. The sliding tube (632) is fitted with a sleeve (633). The sleeve (633) is connected to the ring seat (631) by a spring (634). The inner end of the sleeve (633) is provided with a guide block (6331). The outer sleeve (635) is set at the upper and lower ends of the ring seat (631) and sleeved on the outside of the sleeve (633). Its inner wall is provided with a straight sliding groove (6352) that cooperates with the guide block (6331) and its outer wall is provided with rough heads (6351).

8. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting pipe (61), the shock-absorbing pipe (62), the sliding pipe (632) and the sleeve (633) are connected, and a pressure controller (64) is provided at the lower end of the connecting pipe (61).

9. A variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first elastic rod (4), the second elastic rod (7), and the third elastic rod (8) have the same structure.

10. A method for installing a variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support, comprising using a variable stiffness gradient energy-absorbing component for roadway support as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes: S1: Columns (1) are arranged in sequence along both sides of the roadway. Drill holes are drilled in the roadway roof between the two columns (1) and support anchors (6) are installed. A buffer mechanism (3) is installed at the bottom of the support anchors (6). The buffer mechanism (3) is connected to the column (1) on the horizontal plane through the first elastic tie rod (4). S2: Install a connecting plate (11) and a support (2) between the two columns (1) located on the cross-section of the roadway, assemble the support (2) with the buffer mechanism (3), and then install the top support mechanism (5) at the upper end of the column (1). S3: Then connect the adjacent brackets (2) horizontally on the horizontal plane through the third elastic rod (8); S4: Then install the first rotating seat (21) at the lower end of the support anchor (6), and connect the first rotating seat (21) to the column (1) on the vertical plane through the second elastic tie rod (7).

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