Joint perception control method of orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing communication system and user equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a joint perception control method of an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) communication system and user equipment. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a first message or a first group of initialization messages from a sensing terminal; configuring at least one reference signal according to the first message or the first group of initialization messages; sending the at least one reference signal to the sensing terminal; and adjusting a plurality of settings of the at least one reference signal; wherein the first message includes a capability report, and the first set of initialization messages includes a capability report and an awareness control request.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a joint sensing control method, and more specifically, to a joint sensing control method and user equipment for an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing communication system. Background Technology

[0002] When orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) is applied to joint communication and sensing, the configuration of reference signals is crucial to conventional sensing performance, especially for dual static sensing.

[0003] However, depending on the reference signal pattern and sensing algorithm, the ambiguity characteristics in the delay (i.e., distance) and Doppler frequency (i.e., velocity) domains may differ. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a joint sensing control method and related user equipment for orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems, so as to optimize the use of various reference signal (RS) modes and sensing algorithms through a new mechanism, namely sensing control in the air interface, to achieve efficient resource utilization and optimal reachability performance.

[0005] According to one embodiment, a joint sensing control method for an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) communication system is provided, comprising receiving a first message or a first set of initialization messages from a sensing terminal; configuring at least one reference signal according to the first message or the first set of initialization messages; sending the at least one reference signal to the sensing terminal; and adjusting a plurality of settings of the at least one reference signal; wherein the first message includes a capability report, and the first set of initialization messages includes a capability report and a sensing control request.

[0006] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a user equipment (UE) for an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, including a radio transceiver configured to perform radio transmission and reception with a serving network; and a controller configured to receive a first message or a first set of initialization messages from a sensing terminal; configure at least one reference signal according to the first message or the first set of initialization messages; transmit the at least one reference signal to the sensing terminal; and adjust a plurality of settings of the at least one reference signal; wherein the first message includes a capability report, and the first set of initialization messages includes a capability report and a sensing control request.

[0007] To accomplish the foregoing and related objectives, the features included in and specifically pointed out in the claims of the one or more aspects are fully described below. Certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects are set forth in detail in the following description and accompanying drawings. However, these features indicate several of the various ways in which the principles of the aspects are employed, and the description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Attached Figure Description

[0008] A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by reading the following detailed description and referring to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

[0009] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a wireless communication network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a third-layer perception control flowchart according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a second-layer perception configuration adjustment flowchart according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0012] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a first-level indicator perception control flowchart according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0013] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a comb-like structure of RS pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0014] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a snapshot example based on comb-shaped RS symbols according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided.

[0015] Figure 7A and Figure 7B A schematic diagram of the side peak effect of the MUSIC and periodogram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the normalized mean square error and SNR of the MUSIC and periodogram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided.

[0017] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a perception control flowchart according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical terms used in this specification are for use in the technical field. Where explanations or definitions of certain technical terms exist in this specification, those explanations or definitions in this section shall prevail over those elsewhere. Each embodiment of the invention has one or more technical features. Where possible, those skilled in the art may selectively implement some or all of the technical features of the invention, or selectively combine these technical features.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication network 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, the wireless communication network 100 may include a user equipment (UE) 110 and a service network 120, wherein the UE 110 may wirelessly connect to the service network 120 to obtain mobile services and perform cell measurements on one or more cells of the service network 120.

[0021] UE 110 can be a feature phone, smartphone, tablet PC, laptop, mobile vehicle, or any wireless communication device that supports the wireless technology (such as 5G NR technology) used by the service network 120. In another embodiment, UE 110 can support multiple wireless technologies. For example, the UE can support 5G NR technology and traditional 4G technologies such as LTE / LTE-A / TD-LTE.

[0022] The service network 120 includes an access network 121 and a core network 122. The access network 121 is responsible for processing radio signals, terminating radio protocols, and connecting the UE 110 to the core network 122. The core network 122 is responsible for performing mobility management, network-side authentication, and interfacing with public / external networks (e.g., the Internet). Each of the access network 121 and the core network 122 may include one or more network nodes to perform the aforementioned functions.

[0023] In one embodiment, the serving network 120 may be a 5G NR network, the access network 121 may be a radio access network (RAN), and the core network 122 may be a next-generation core network (NG-CN).

[0024] The RAN may include one or more cellular base stations, such as next-generation node Bs (gNBs) supporting high-frequency bands (e.g., above 24 GHz). Each gNB may further include one or more transport receiver points (TRPs), where each gNB or TRP may be referred to as a 5G cellular base station. Some gNB functions may be distributed across different TRPs, while others may be centralized, thereby allowing for flexibility and scope in specific deployments to meet the requirements of specific situations.

[0025] 5G cellular base stations can form one or more cells with different component carriers (CCs) to provide mobile services to UE 110. For example, UE 110 can camp on one or more cells formed by one or more gNBs or TRPs, where the cell on which UE 110 camps can be referred to as the serving cell, including a primary cell (Pcell) and one or more secondary cells (Scells).

[0026] NG-CN typically consists of various network functions, including Access and Mobility Functions (AMF), Session Management Functions (SMF), Policy Control Functions (PCF), Application Functions (AF), Authentication Server Functions (AUSF), User Plane Functions (UPF), and User Data Management (UDM). Each of these network functions can be implemented as a network element on dedicated hardware, run as a software instance on dedicated hardware, or be a virtualized function instantiated on a suitable platform, such as cloud infrastructure.

[0027] The AMF provides UE-based authentication, authorization, and mobility management. The SMF is responsible for session management and assigning Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to the UE. It also selects and controls the UPF for data transmission. If a UE has multiple sessions, different SMFs can be assigned to each session to manage them individually and may provide different functionalities for each session. The AF provides information about data flows to the PCF, which is responsible for policy control, to support Quality of Service (QoS). Based on this information, the PCF determines policies regarding mobility and session management to ensure the proper functioning of the AMF and SMF. The AUSF stores data used for UE authentication, while the UDM stores the UE's subscription data.

[0028] In another embodiment, the serving network 120 may be an LTE / LTE-A / TD-LTE network, the access network 121 may be an evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), and the core network 122 may be an evolved Packet Core (EPC).

[0029] E-UTRAN may include at least one cellular base station, such as an evolved Node B (eNB) (e.g., macro eNB, micro eNB, or pico eNB), each eNB may form a cell to provide mobile services to UE 110. For example, UE 110 may camp on one or more cells formed by one or more eNBs, wherein the cell camped by UE 110 may be referred to as the serving cell, including one Pcell and one or more Scells.

[0030] EPC may include a Home User Server (HSS), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (S-GW), and Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW or P-GW).

[0031] It should be understood that Figure 1 The embodiments of the wireless communication network 100 described are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of application. For example, the wireless communication network 100 may include a 5G NR network and a legacy network (such as an LTE / LTE-A / TD-LTE network or a WCDMA network), and the UE 110 may wirelessly connect to the 5G NR network and the legacy network.

[0032] One embodiment of the present invention provides a sensing control method for adjusting sensing configuration via an air interface, including adjusting a reference signal (RS) mode and its parameter set based on a measurement receiver via Radio Resource Configuration (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) control elements (CE) enabling / disabling, physical layer control indications, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, the sensing control method can be applied to new 6G joint communication sensing or to improve existing 5G NR and RS modes.

[0033] The perception and control approach includes air interface RS mode adjustment and processing method optimization. Optimization criteria include system radio resource allocation, processing capacity / resource constraints, and target application requirements.

[0034] The adjustments to the air interface for joint sensing and control include the following aspects:

[0035] The reference signal transmitter can adjust the reference signal settings via Layer 3 (L3) Radio Resource Configuration (RRC) messages, or Layer 2 (L2) Media Access Control (MAC) Control Elements (CEs), or Layer 1 Control Indicators, such as Downlink Control Indicators (DCI) or Uplink Control Indicators (UCI), or a combination of layers.

[0036] a. The RRC message can be a general-purpose RRC setting or reconfiguration message containing reference signal settings. Alternatively, it can be a dedicated sensing configuration setting or dedicated sensing reconfiguration message for reference signal settings.

[0037] The reference signal settings provided by the i.RRC message can be directly applied to sensing measurements by the receiver or stored in the receiver for selection by lower layers.

[0038] ii. An implementation of a perception control process based on RRC messages, for example Figure 2 As shown, the network is the reference signal transmitter and the user equipment (UE) is the reference signal receiver.

[0039] b. The RRC message used for sensing control updates can be a new message or a new field added to an existing Layer 3 message, such as a User Equipment Assistance Information (UAI) message.

[0040] c. The MAC-CE can select and activate one or more reference signal settings based on the reference signal settings given in the RRC configuration for measurement at the receiver. To adapt to the reference signal mode, another MAC-CE can be deactivated and a different reference signal setting can be selected for receiver measurement.

[0041] The reference signal settings activated by i.MAC-CE can be directly applied to sensing measurements by the receiver or stored in the receiver for selection by the physical layer.

[0042] ii. An implementation of a MAC-CE-based sensing control process, for example Figure 3 As shown, the network is the reference signal transmitter and the user equipment (UE) is the reference signal receiver.

[0043] d. The Level 1 control indicator can be set according to the reference signal given by the RRC configuration, or activated via MAC-CE, pointing to the reference signal set for the receiver to sense.

[0044] i. If the reference signal is transmitted by the network, the Layer 1 control indicator can be a DCI; if it is transmitted by the user equipment, it can be a UCI.

[0045] ii. Level 1 control indicators can be added, deleted, or switched between reference signal settings for receiver measurement.

[0046] iii. An implementation of a process based on Layer 1 DCI, for example Figure 4 As shown.

[0047] Another method for negotiating / adjusting reference signal settings and reporting measurements is through the top-level (OTT) approach, which involves adding new sensing information fields to existing messages or adding new messages to upper-layer protocols. Examples of such upper-layer protocols may include, but are not limited to, LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP), NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa), or Secure User Plane Location (SUPL).

[0048] From the reference signal receiver, sensing control requests and / or updates can be sent via RRC messages, MAC-CE, L1 control indicators, or cross-layer combinations to convey preferred or supported reference signal settings.

[0049] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the reference signal settings include:

[0050] a. The number of REs in the frequency comb up to the next non-zero power RE: S sub ;

[0051] b. Number of symbols until the next reference signal symbol: S sym ;

[0052] c. Number of reference signal symbols in an interleaving mode: U F Or, the total number of OFDM symbols in an interleaved mode: U sym =S sym ·U F ;

[0053] d. Number of combs in a reference signal symbol: i subOr, the total number of frequencies RE in a reference signal symbol: U sub =i sub ·S sub ;

[0054] e. Comb-shaped interleaved frequency shift sequence:

[0055] f. Subcarrier spacing (SCS);

[0056] g. Indicator for data reuse or none.

[0057] At the reference signal receiver end, the sensing control adaptation criteria may include the characteristics of the configured reference signal mode, the required algorithm resolution, and / or computational complexity constraints. Several examples of reference signal receiver end adaptation are given below.

[0058] a. Iso-intensity side peaks are used for standard resolution in larger local unambiguous regions:

[0059] Based on the configured reference signal mode, the delayed-Doppler blur function (AF) is used. When the interleaved offset sequence produces equal-intensity AF side peaks, the receiver chooses a standard resolution algorithm instead of CLEAN under computational complexity constraints. For example, the reference signal is configured as interleaved scheme A, where the interleaved offset is a relative prime number with respect to the comb size.

[0060] b. Unequal intensity side peaks for standard resolution with CLEAN:

[0061] When the interleaved offset sequence of the configured reference signal mode results in unequal intensity AF side peaks (e.g., interleaved scheme B, where the interleaved offset sequence satisfies the inverse condition), the receiver selects the standard resolution algorithm with CLEAN.

[0062] c. Super-resolution of the main peak resolution using the minimum number of reference signal symbols:

[0063] When the receiver has sufficient computational resources and the configured reference signal mode frequency interleaving offset sequence satisfies the inverse condition, the receiver selects a super-resolution algorithm that can identify the AF main peak (delay, Doppler) with the minimum reference signal mode duration (e.g., 3 symbols of a single IAA snapshot, or 3 symbols of a spectrally smoothed MUSIC). This reference signal mode with the minimum number of OFDM symbols and interleaving offset sequence satisfying the inverse condition is hereinafter referred to as the canonical form reference signal. The receiver can indicate the minimum reference signal duration to the transmitter via a sense control request / update to reduce overhead.

[0064] d. Adjust the reference signal mode parameters for different resolutions:

[0065] As required, the delay and Doppler resolution can be increased by adjusting U_sub, the frequency domain span, and the time domain span of U_sym and RS modes, respectively. If the receiver supports the super-resolution MUSIC algorithm, an optimal interleaving scheme can be negotiated to meet application requirements.

[0066] e. RS mode adjustment based on power resources:

[0067] The reference signal receiver can send a sensing control request / update based on its power and / or resources. For example, when the receiver needs to reduce its power consumption on a successive elimination algorithm (such as CLEAN) or its processing time on computational resources, the receiver can send a sensing control request / update to indicate its preference for interleaving scheme A (i.e., equal-intensity AF sidepeaks) and optionally have different interleaving offsets (i.e., different sidepeak locations) in order to eliminate inconsistent (i.e., delayed, Doppler) peaks through logical inference on snapshots measured at different interleaving offsets.

[0068] f. Extend guard interval capability to gain more sensing ISI free band:

[0069] The receiver can process RS measurements in the frequency domain using a post-FFT algorithm (2D-FFT / MUSIC / IAA / compressed sensing type), where the inter-symbol interference (ISI) guard interval is limited to the OFDM symbol portion corresponding to the non-zero RS comb distance. When the receiver is capable of processing OFDM RS measurements on multiple frequency bands with different cyclic prefix lengths, it can extend the ISI guard interval of the frequency domain algorithm to a value minus the comb density RS symbol length to overcome the CP length limitation. Frequency bands with smaller CP lengths can still be added to the source of the reference signal through the capabilities of the signal receiver. For example, the CP of the frequency range 1 (FR1) 15kHz-SCS is 4.69μs with a symbol duration of 71.354μs, while the CP of the FR2 120kHz SCS is 0.59μs with a symbol duration of 8.919μs. To align the maximum ISI free delay measurement exceeding 0.59μs in FR2, the receiver can retain the last portion of the (1 / comb size)-th OFDM symbol sample for sensing. This approach, which extends the guard interval beyond the CP of a larger SCS OFDM symbol, enables complementary sensing availability across a wide bandwidth, provides greater flexibility in RS resource allocation (distributing overhead to avoid overloading specific bands), and offers the same ISI-free maximum delay extension tolerance, thereby providing combined processing for cross-band synthetic sensing enhancement.

[0070] Another option is to revert RS receiver processing to time-domain processing (i.e., delay and summation). The time-domain method has no hard CP limit. Its delay limit is equivalent to the OFDM symbol length, and the Doppler extension range is not limited by the SCS.

[0071] g. SNR-based algorithm switching and RS mode requirement feedback:

[0072] The receiver can switch its processing algorithm (e.g., between periodic and music modes) based on the received RS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and request / update RS mode preferences via sensing control. For the example between periodic and music modes, Figure 7A and Figure 7B This demonstrates MUSIC's superior weak target detection capability with good SNR. Figure 8 This illustrates how the mean square error (MSE) of the MUSIC and periodogram crosses as the SNR decreases. When the received RS SNR drops below a value where the MUSIC may no longer maintain the required MSE, the receiver can maintain the RS pattern required by the signal periodogram. Conversely, when the SNR rises above the corresponding required MSE value, the receiver can maintain the minimum RS pattern duration required by the signal MUSIC.

[0073] h. Switching from or back to a delay-only mode:

[0074] The receiver can switch between joint delay / Doppler and delay-only RS processing, based on sensing requirements from upper-layer applications or available reference signal resources. In the demand-based scenario, if the primary sensing application only requires delay information, the receiver can request sufficient RS resources for delay-only estimation. When the application needs the target's position and velocity, the receiver updates its requested RS resources to be configured to satisfy both delay and Doppler estimation. Alternatively, when the allocated RS resources are insufficient for simultaneous delay and Doppler estimation, the receiver can choose to fall back to providing only range estimation.

[0075] In summary, the interrelationships between the logical flow and methodological functional blocks of perception control are as follows: Figure 9 As shown in Table 1, various aspects of the standard and super-resolution algorithms are presented.

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078] It is worth noting that those skilled in the art can appropriately design joint sensing control methods and UEs according to different system requirements, and these requirements are not limited to this.

[0079] In summary, this invention provides a joint communication and sensing method and related user equipment (UE) for orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. By utilizing various RS modes and sensing algorithms, and through a novel mechanism—sensing control in the air interface—it achieves efficient resource utilization and optimal achievable performance.

[0080] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowchart is an example of an exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of the various boxes in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit one to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0081] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the text of the claims, wherein, unless expressly stated, references to elements in the singular form are not intended to mean “one and only one,” but rather “one or more.” The term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the term “some” means one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, phrases such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" can be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents of elements throughout the various aspects described herein, as known or will be known thereafter by those skilled in the art, are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. Terms such as "module," "mechanism," "element," and "device" may not replace the term "apparatus." Therefore, unless a claim element is explicitly stated using the phrase "apparatus for...", no claim element should be construed as an apparatus plus a function.

Claims

1. A joint sensing control method for an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing OFDM communication system, characterized in that, include: Receive a first message or a first set of initialization messages from a sensing terminal; Configure at least one reference signal according to the first message or the first set of initialization messages; Send at least one reference signal to the sensing terminal; as well as Adjust one or more settings of the at least one reference signal; The first message includes a capability report, and the first set of initialization messages includes a capability report and a perception control request.

2. The joint sensing control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes: The sensing terminal instructs at least one reference signal to set the preference; as well as At least one modification of the setting in response to the at least one reference signal is sent to the sensing terminal.

3. The joint sensing and control method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Further includes: The sensing terminal indicates a sensing release request; and A response is sent to the sensing terminal to release the sensing configuration.

4. The joint sensing and control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple settings of the at least one reference signal include employing multiple radio resource configuration messages, media access control elements, physical layer control indicators, or a combination of multiple radio resource configuration messages, media access control elements, and physical layer control indicators.

5. The joint sensing and control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one reference signal is used to configure: a representation of a reference signal RS mode, and / or a reference signal mode sequence.

6. The joint sensing control method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The RS mode is an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) form, which includes comb density, symbol density, interleaved offset sequence, subcarrier spacing, presence or absence of data multiplexing, total number of reference signal symbols, and total number of reference signal resource elements.

7. The joint sensing control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The OFDM form is either Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM).

8. The joint sensing and control method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sequence of the reference signal mode includes a sequence identifier—at least a subset, multiple component RS mode identifiers, a time duration or time offset of a component RS mode, and a frequency range of a component RS mode.

9. The joint sensing control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The steps for adjusting multiple settings of the at least one reference signal include: Based on the RS mode and the corresponding delay-Doppler estimation, a delay summation for time-domain or frequency-domain processing is determined; Interference cancellation is determined when the RS mode satisfies the inverse condition, and when the interleaved offset sequence of the RS mode has ambiguity function side peaks of unequal intensity; Based on the availability of time and frequency offsets from multiple spectral smoothing snapshots, determine the set of super-resolution algorithms with either spectral smoothing or a single snapshot; or Determine whether to fall back from post-FFT frequency domain processing to time domain processing.

10. The joint sensing control method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The steps for adjusting multiple settings of the at least one reference signal include: Based on the RS mode and the corresponding delay-Doppler estimation, a delay summation for time-domain or frequency-domain processing is determined; Interference cancellation is determined when the RS mode satisfies the inverse condition, and when the interleaved offset sequence of the RS mode has ambiguity function side peaks of unequal intensity; Based on the availability of time and frequency offsets from multiple spectral smoothing snapshots, determine a set of super-resolution algorithms with either spectral smoothing or a single snapshot; and Determine whether to fall back from post-FFT frequency domain processing to time domain processing.

11. A user equipment (UE) for an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, characterized in that, include: A wireless transceiver configured to perform wireless transmission and reception with a service network; as well as A controller is configured to receive a first message or a first set of initialization messages from a sensing terminal; configure at least one reference signal according to the first message or the first set of initialization messages; send the at least one reference signal to the sensing terminal; and adjust a plurality of settings of the at least one reference signal. The first message includes a capability report, and the first set of initialization messages includes a capability report and a perception control request.

12. The UE for an OFDM communication system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The controller is configured to indicate at least one reference signal setting preference and respond to at least one modification of the at least one reference signal setting to the sensing terminal.

13. The UE for an OFDM communication system as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The controller is configured to indicate a sensing release request and respond to a sensing configuration release message to the sensing terminal.

14. The UE for an OFDM communication system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The multiple settings of the at least one reference signal include employing multiple radio resource configuration messages, media access control elements, physical layer control indicators, or a combination of multiple radio resource configuration messages, media access control elements, and physical layer control indicators.

15. The UE for an OFDM communication system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The at least one reference signal is used to configure a representation of a reference signal RS mode, a reference signal mode sequence, or both.

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