Comprehensive air conditioning system applied to granary and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive air conditioning system applied to a granary and a control method.The comprehensive air conditioning system applied to the granary comprises a box provided with a first ventilation pipe and a second ventilation pipe, one end of the first ventilation pipe is provided with a first air supply component, and the other end of the first ventilation pipe is connected to the middle or the lower portion of the granary; a second air supply component is arranged at one end of the second breather pipe, the other end of the second breather pipe is connected to the upper part of the granary, and carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide can be introduced into the first air supply component and the second air supply component; the third gas supply component is arranged on the second ventilation pipe and can be used for introducing nitrogen; the exhaust assembly is arranged on the box body; and the control system integrally controls the first air supply component, the second air supply component, the third air supply component and the exhaust assembly. Through cooperation of nitrogen oxygen reduction, chlorine dioxide sterilization and carbon dioxide and combination of partitioned inflation, multi-mode airflow regulation and control and intelligent concentration control, efficient insect and mildew killing is achieved, uniform distribution and dynamic balance of granary gas are achieved, and grain storage safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grain storage technology, and in particular to a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain warehouses, and a control method for such a system. Background Technology

[0002] Grain storage, as a crucial link in ensuring food security, has long faced severe challenges from pests such as rice weevils, grain borers, and red flour beetles, as well as the growth of molds such as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. Pests not only directly consume grain, causing quantitative losses, but their excrement and activity also accelerate the heating of grain piles. Mold growth, on the other hand, produces toxins, seriously threatening the safety and nutritional quality of grain for consumption. Both factors combined contribute to persistently high grain loss rates, representing the core challenge restricting the long-term safe storage of grain.

[0003] Traditional grain storage pest and mold control technologies mainly rely on the single or combined application of chemical agents and physical methods. With the promotion of green grain storage concepts, controlled atmosphere storage technology has gradually become a research hotspot. Controlled atmosphere storage technology actively adjusts the gas composition within the grain silo, such as reducing oxygen concentration and increasing the proportion of carbon dioxide or inert gases, utilizing the respiratory dependence of pests and microorganisms to achieve ecological control. Nitrogen, as an inert gas, creates a low-oxygen environment by replacing oxygen in the grain silo, causing pests to suffocate and die from lack of oxygen, without affecting grain quality. Carbon dioxide has certain antibacterial and insecticidal effects; at high concentrations, it can inhibit mold growth and reduce pest activity. Chlorine dioxide is an internationally recognized highly effective, broad-spectrum, and safe fungicide with a strong killing ability against mold.

[0004] However, existing controlled atmosphere storage technologies still have significant drawbacks in practical applications: First, the single-gas function is clearly limited. While nitrogen can effectively reduce oxygen and kill insects, its inhibitory effect on mold is weak; carbon dioxide has a certain inhibitory effect on some molds, but requires extremely high concentrations and its insecticidal efficiency is insufficient; although chlorine dioxide is a highly effective bactericide, its concentration must be strictly controlled within a safe threshold, and existing systems struggle to achieve precise synergistic control with nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Second, the gas distribution within the grain silo is uneven. Because nitrogen (1.25 g / L) has a slightly higher density than air (1.29 g / L) and carbon dioxide (1.98 g / L) has a significantly higher density than air, while chlorine dioxide is a gaseous molecule with a density close to that of air but easily diffuses, if it is introduced through only a single air inlet, the gas is prone to stratification in the grain pile. For example, nitrogen and carbon dioxide tend to accumulate in the lower part of the grain silo, while chlorine dioxide may have insufficient concentration in the upper moldy area due to density differences or insufficient airflow disturbance, and the oxygen concentration in the lower pest-prone area may not meet the standard, ultimately resulting in the survival of local pests or the growth of mold. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain silos. By using nitrogen to reduce oxygen, chlorine dioxide to kill bacteria, and carbon dioxide in synergy, combined with zoned aeration, multi-mode airflow regulation, and intelligent concentration control, it effectively kills insects and molds, achieves uniform gas distribution and dynamic balance in grain silos, leaves no chemical residues, ensures the safety of grain storage throughout the entire life cycle, and is green, precise, and highly adaptable.

[0006] The present invention also proposes a control method for the above-mentioned integrated atmosphere control system applied to grain warehouses.

[0007] A comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage according to the present invention includes: The container is equipped with a first vent pipe and a second vent pipe. One end of the first vent pipe is equipped with a first air supply component, and the other end is connected to the middle or lower part of the grain silo. One end of the second vent pipe is equipped with a second air supply component, and the other end is connected to the upper part of the grain silo. Both the first air supply component and the second air supply component can introduce carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide. The third gas supply component is disposed on the second vent pipe and is located at the same end as the first gas supply component. The third gas supply component is capable of supplying nitrogen gas. An exhaust assembly is provided in the housing. The exhaust assembly includes a connecting pipe, a fan, and an exhaust pipe connected in sequence. The connecting pipe can connect the first vent pipe and the second vent pipe. The fan is used to draw air from the connecting pipe and discharge it through the exhaust pipe. The control system integrates the control of the first air supply component, the second air supply component, the third air supply component, and the exhaust component to introduce carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo and simultaneously exhaust gas into the lower part of the grain silo; or, to introduce carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the lower part of the grain silo and simultaneously exhaust gas into the upper part of the grain silo.

[0008] According to the present invention, a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain silos has at least the following beneficial effects: Through a zoned gas supply structure and a multi-gas synergistic control mechanism, it significantly improves the control effect of stored grain pests and mold, as well as the uniformity of gas distribution. Specifically, a first vent pipe directionally introduces carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the middle or lower part of the grain silo, while a second vent pipe introduces carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo. Utilizing the density characteristics of nitrogen, a low-oxygen environment is created in the lower part of the grain silo, causing pests to suffocate and die. Simultaneously, chlorine dioxide precisely kills mold in the upper part or designated areas, solving the problems of traditional... The system overcomes the limitations of single-gas functions. Furthermore, the integrated control system regulates the opening and closing states of various gas supply and exhaust components, allowing for flexible switching of airflow direction, such as upper inflation and lower exhaust or lower inflation and upper exhaust. This enables independent control of the on / off state and flow rate of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and chlorine dioxide, accelerating the enrichment and replacement of target gases in the upper and lower parts of the grain silo, effectively breaking gas stratification, ensuring balanced gas concentration in each area, and ensuring the synergistic effectiveness of low-oxygen environment construction and low-concentration bactericide action. Thus, it provides stable and reliable technical support for safe grain storage throughout the entire lifecycle in terms of structural design and functional synergy.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage is provided, wherein the exhaust port of the fan is connected to an exhaust pipe, one end of the exhaust pipe opposite to the exhaust port is connected to the middle of a connecting pipe, and a first control valve and a second control valve are respectively provided at both ends of the connecting pipe to control the connection status with the first vent pipe and the second vent pipe respectively.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain silos is provided, wherein the first vent pipe is connected to an auxiliary pipe, and the two ends of the auxiliary pipe are respectively connected to the first vent pipe and the exhaust pipe. By operating the fan, the gas is driven to circulate between the upper and lower parts of the grain silo.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an integrated controlled atmosphere system for grain storage is provided, wherein the auxiliary pipe is equipped with a third control valve to control the on / off state of the auxiliary pipe.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage is provided, wherein a fourth control valve is provided at the end of the exhaust pipe opposite to the fan to block or discharge gas.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage includes a first gas supply component comprising a carbon dioxide branch, a carbon dioxide control valve, a chlorine dioxide branch, and a chlorine dioxide control valve. The carbon dioxide branch and the chlorine dioxide branch are independently connected to the first vent pipe. The carbon dioxide control valve is disposed on the carbon dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch. The chlorine dioxide control valve is disposed on the chlorine dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage includes a second gas supply component comprising a carbon dioxide branch, a carbon dioxide control valve, a chlorine dioxide branch, and a chlorine dioxide control valve. The carbon dioxide branch and the chlorine dioxide branch are independently connected to the second vent pipe. The carbon dioxide control valve is disposed on the carbon dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch. The chlorine dioxide control valve is disposed on the chlorine dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage includes a third gas supply component comprising a nitrogen branch and a nitrogen control valve. The nitrogen branch, the second carbon dioxide branch, and the second chlorine dioxide branch are each independently connected to the second vent pipe. The nitrogen control valve is disposed in the nitrogen branch and is used to control the on / off state of the nitrogen branch.

[0016] The control method according to the present invention includes: a housing, provided with a first vent pipe and a second vent pipe, one end of the first vent pipe being provided with a carbon dioxide branch, a carbon dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch, a chlorine dioxide branch, and a chlorine dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch; the other end of the first vent pipe being connected to the middle or lower part of a grain silo; one end of the second vent pipe being provided with a carbon dioxide branch, a carbon dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch, a chlorine dioxide branch, a chlorine dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch, a nitrogen branch, and a nitrogen control valve for controlling the on / off state of the nitrogen branch; and an exhaust assembly, provided in the housing, the exhaust assembly including... The system comprises a connecting pipe, a fan, and an exhaust pipe. The connecting pipe connects the first vent pipe and the second vent pipe. The fan's intake port is connected to an exhaust pipe, the end of which, away from the intake port, connects to the middle of the connecting pipe. The connecting pipe has a first control valve and a second control valve at its two ends to control the connection status with the first and second vent pipes, respectively. The fan draws air from the exhaust pipe and discharges it through the exhaust pipe. The first vent pipe is connected to an auxiliary pipe, the two ends of which connect to the first vent pipe and the exhaust pipe, respectively. The auxiliary pipe has a third control valve to control its on / off state. The exhaust pipe has a fourth control valve at its end away from the fan to block or discharge gas. The control method has three modes: upward flow and downward discharge, downward flow and upward discharge, and internal circulation. When applying the top-down exhaust mode: open the second carbon dioxide control valve, the second chlorine dioxide control valve, or the nitrogen control valve, and close the second control valve to flush carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo; open the fan, the first control valve, and the fourth control valve, and close the third control valve to mechanically exhaust the gas in the middle or lower part of the grain silo; or, turn off the fan and open the first control valve, the third control valve, and the fourth control valve to naturally exhaust the gas in the middle or lower part of the grain silo. When applying the bottom-up discharge mode: open the first carbon dioxide control valve or the first chlorine dioxide control valve, and close the first control valve and the third control valve to flush carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the middle or lower part of the grain silo; turn on the fan, the second control valve and the fourth control valve to mechanically discharge the gas above the grain silo; or, turn off the fan and turn on the second control valve and the fourth control valve to naturally discharge the gas above the grain silo. When the internal circulation mode is applied: the fan, the second control valve and the third control valve are turned on, and the first control valve and the fourth control valve are turned off, so as to drive the gas circulation between the upper and lower parts of the grain silo.

[0017] The control method described in this invention has at least the following beneficial effects: it achieves dynamic and precise control of gas distribution and concentration within the grain silo; the top-flushing / bottom-exhausting mode accelerates the enrichment of target gases in the lower part of the grain silo by filling the upper part with carbon dioxide / chlorine dioxide / nitrogen and exhausting the lower part, prioritizing the solution of pest suffocation and local gas replacement problems; the bottom-flushing / top-exhausting mode targets the upper mold growth area by filling the lower part with carbon dioxide / chlorine dioxide and exhausting the upper part, improving the efficiency of fungicide action; in addition, the internal circulation mode drives the upper and lower gas circulation through a fan, breaking gas stratification and homogenizing oxygen and chlorine dioxide concentrations, ensuring a stable gas environment throughout the silo; the flexible switching and coordination of the three modes cover the full-cycle needs of pest control, sterilization, and concentration maintenance during grain storage, significantly improving the system's functional integrity and practicality.

[0018] According to the control method of the present invention, after the upward flushing and downward discharge mode or the downward flushing and upward discharge mode, the internal circulation mode is operated to drive the chlorine dioxide concentration in the grain silo to ≤3ppm and the oxygen concentration in the grain silo to ≤2%.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system applied to a grain warehouse according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of icon numbers: Box 100; First vent pipe 200; carbon dioxide branch line 210; carbon dioxide control valve 211; chlorine dioxide branch line 220; chlorine dioxide control valve 221; Second vent pipe 300; carbon dioxide branch line 2 310; carbon dioxide control valve 2 311; chlorine dioxide branch line 2 320; chlorine dioxide control valve 2 321; nitrogen branch line 330; nitrogen control valve 331. Exhaust assembly 400; connecting pipe 410; first control valve 411; second control valve 412; exhaust pipe 420; fan 430; exhaust pipe 440; fourth control valve 441; Auxiliary pipe 500; Third control valve 510. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0025] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0026] In the description of this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0027] Grain storage, as a crucial link in ensuring food security, has long faced severe challenges from pests such as rice weevils, grain borers, and red flour beetles, as well as the growth of molds such as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. Pests not only directly consume grain, causing quantitative losses, but their excrement and activity also accelerate the heating of grain piles. Mold growth, on the other hand, produces toxins, seriously threatening the safety and nutritional quality of grain for consumption. Both factors combined contribute to persistently high grain loss rates, representing the core challenge restricting the long-term safe storage of grain.

[0028] Traditional grain storage pest and mold control technologies mainly rely on the single or combined application of chemical agents and physical methods. With the promotion of green grain storage concepts, controlled atmosphere storage technology has gradually become a research hotspot. Controlled atmosphere storage technology actively adjusts the gas composition within the grain silo, such as reducing oxygen concentration and increasing the proportion of carbon dioxide or inert gases, utilizing the respiratory dependence of pests and microorganisms to achieve ecological control. Nitrogen, as an inert gas, creates a low-oxygen environment by replacing oxygen in the grain silo, causing pests to suffocate and die from lack of oxygen, without affecting grain quality. Carbon dioxide has certain antibacterial and insecticidal effects; at high concentrations, it can inhibit mold growth and reduce pest activity. Chlorine dioxide is an internationally recognized highly effective, broad-spectrum, and safe fungicide with a strong killing ability against mold.

[0029] However, existing controlled atmosphere storage technologies still have significant drawbacks in practical applications: First, the single-gas function is clearly limited. While nitrogen can effectively reduce oxygen and kill insects, its inhibitory effect on mold is weak; carbon dioxide has a certain inhibitory effect on some molds, but requires extremely high concentrations and its insecticidal efficiency is insufficient; although chlorine dioxide is a highly effective bactericide, its concentration must be strictly controlled within a safe threshold, and existing systems struggle to achieve precise synergistic control with nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Second, the gas distribution within the grain silo is uneven. Because nitrogen (1.25 g / L) has a slightly higher density than air (1.29 g / L) and carbon dioxide (1.98 g / L) has a significantly higher density than air, while chlorine dioxide is a gaseous molecule with a density close to that of air but easily diffuses, if it is introduced through only a single air inlet, the gas is prone to stratification in the grain pile. For example, nitrogen and carbon dioxide tend to accumulate in the lower part of the grain silo, while chlorine dioxide may have insufficient concentration in the upper moldy area due to density differences or insufficient airflow disturbance, and the oxygen concentration in the lower pest-prone area may not meet the standard, ultimately resulting in the survival of local pests or the growth of mold.

[0030] Therefore, such as Figure 1As shown, this invention proposes a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain silos, comprising a housing 100, an exhaust assembly 400 disposed in the housing 100, a first vent pipe 200 disposed in the housing 100, a second vent pipe 300 disposed in the housing 100, a first air supply component disposed at one end of the first vent pipe 200, a second air supply component disposed at one end of the second vent pipe 300, a third air supply component disposed at the same end of the second vent pipe 300 and the first air supply component, and a control system integrating the control of the first air supply component, the second air supply component, the third air supply component, and the exhaust assembly 400. Specifically, the end of the first vent pipe 200 opposite to the first air supply component is connected to the middle or lower part of the grain silo, the end of the second vent pipe 300 opposite to the second air supply component is connected to the upper part of the grain silo, both the first and second air supply components can introduce carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide, and the third air supply component can introduce nitrogen. Furthermore, the exhaust assembly 400 includes a connecting pipe 410, a fan 430, and an exhaust pipe 440 connected in sequence. The connecting pipe 410 can connect to the first vent pipe 200 and the second vent pipe 300. The fan 430 is used to draw air from the connecting pipe 410 and discharge it through the exhaust pipe 440. In application, the control system integrates the control of the first air supply component, the second air supply component, the third air supply component, and the exhaust assembly 400 to introduce carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo while simultaneously exhausting gas from the lower part of the grain silo; or, to introduce carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the lower part of the grain silo while simultaneously exhausting gas from the upper part of the grain silo. It should be noted that the zoned gas supply structure and multi-gas synergistic control mechanism significantly improve the control effect of stored grain pests and molds and the uniformity of gas distribution. Specifically, the first vent pipe 200 directionally introduces carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the middle or lower part of the grain silo, and the second vent pipe 300 introduces carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo. The density characteristics of nitrogen are used to create a low-oxygen environment in the lower part of the grain silo, causing the pests to suffocate and die. At the same time, chlorine dioxide is used to precisely kill molds in the upper part or designated areas, which solves the problem of the limitation of traditional single gas functions. Furthermore, the control system integrates and regulates the opening and closing states of each gas supply component and exhaust assembly 400, and can flexibly switch the airflow direction, such as upper inflation and lower exhaust or lower inflation and upper exhaust, to achieve independent control of the on / off state and flow rate of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and chlorine dioxide. This can accelerate the enrichment and replacement of target gases in the upper and lower parts of the grain silo, effectively break the gas stratification phenomenon, ensure the gas concentration in each area is balanced, and ensure the synergistic effectiveness of the low-oxygen environment construction and the action of low-concentration bactericides. Thus, it provides stable and reliable technical support for safe grain storage throughout the entire cycle in terms of structural design and functional synergy.

[0031] Reference Figure 1In some embodiments of the present invention, the exhaust port of the blower 430 is connected to an exhaust pipe 420. One end of the exhaust pipe 420, away from the exhaust port, is connected to the middle of a connecting pipe 410. A first control valve 411 and a second control valve 412 are respectively installed at both ends of the connecting pipe 410 to control the connection status with the first vent pipe 200 and the second vent pipe 300. This enables independent and precise control of the exhaust paths of the first vent pipe 200 and the second vent pipe 300, significantly improving exhaust efficiency and the targeting of gas replacement.

[0032] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 The first vent pipe 200 is connected to an auxiliary pipe 500. The two ends of the auxiliary pipe 500 are connected to the first vent pipe 200 and the exhaust pipe 440, respectively. By operating the blower 430, gas circulation between the upper and lower parts of the grain silo is driven, effectively breaking down gas stratification. This promotes dynamic exchange between low-nitrogen gas in the lower part and high-nitrogen gas in the upper part, accelerating the uniform distribution of the target gas throughout the grain silo. Furthermore, the internal circulation effect compensates for insufficient gas exchange between the upper and lower parts during simple zonal aeration, further improving the overall uniformity of gas concentration in the grain storage environment. Specifically, the auxiliary pipe 500 is equipped with a third control valve 510 to control its on / off state. Additionally, the exhaust pipe 440, at the end away from the blower 430, is equipped with a fourth control valve 441 to block or discharge gas. The addition of the third control valve 510 and the fourth control valve 441 to control the gas flow direction drives gas circulation between the upper and lower parts of the grain silo, effectively breaking down gas stratification within the grain silo. In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the first gas delivery component includes a carbon dioxide branch line 210, a carbon dioxide control valve 211, a chlorine dioxide branch line 220, and a chlorine dioxide control valve 221. The carbon dioxide branch line 210 and the chlorine dioxide branch line 220 are independently connected to the first vent pipe 200. The carbon dioxide control valve 211 is located in the carbon dioxide branch line 210 and is used to control the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch line 210. The chlorine dioxide control valve 221 is located in the chlorine dioxide branch line 220 and is used to control the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch line 220. Through branch line diversion and independent valve control, the function of precisely delivering carbon dioxide or chlorine dioxide to the middle or lower part of the grain silo is achieved. This avoids the concentration interference problem caused by the mixing of carbon dioxide and chlorine dioxide in the same pipeline, ensuring the independence of the low-oxygen environment construction and the antibacterial / insect-suppressing gas action. Simultaneously, the fine adjustment of the control valves allows for flexible adjustment of the on / off state and flow rate of a single gas, providing more precise gas delivery conditions for targeted insecticidal or antibacterial treatment. Similarly, the second gas supply component includes a carbon dioxide branch 310, a carbon dioxide control valve 311, a chlorine dioxide branch 320, and a chlorine dioxide control valve 321. The carbon dioxide branch 310 and the chlorine dioxide branch 320 are independently connected to the second vent pipe 300. The carbon dioxide control valve 311 is located in the carbon dioxide branch 310 and is used to control the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch 310. The chlorine dioxide control valve 321 is located in the chlorine dioxide branch 320 and is used to control the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch 320. The first gas delivery component forms a coordinated upper and lower gas delivery structure, allowing the upper and lower parts of the grain silo to receive directional delivery of carbon dioxide and chlorine dioxide independently or simultaneously. Through independent opening and closing of the control valve, the delivery position and flow rate of the target gas can be flexibly adjusted according to the distribution characteristics of pests and mold in different height areas of the grain silo, such as concentrated mold in the upper part and active pests in the lower part. This further enhances the precision of gas stratification control and avoids concentration dilution or functional conflicts caused by mixed delivery of multiple gases, providing structural support for the differentiated gas requirements of the upper and lower parts. Furthermore, the third gas delivery component includes a nitrogen branch 330 and a nitrogen control valve 331. The nitrogen branch 330, carbon dioxide branch 310, and chlorine dioxide branch 320 are independently connected to the second vent pipe 300. The nitrogen control valve 331 is located in the nitrogen branch 330 and is used to control the on / off state of the nitrogen branch 330. By connecting the nitrogen branch 330, carbon dioxide branch 2 310, and chlorine dioxide branch 2 320 in parallel to the second vent pipe 300, the function of independently introducing nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo is realized.Understandably, nitrogen, as an inert gas, tends to accumulate more easily in the lower part of the grain silo, creating a low-oxygen environment due to its density characteristics. However, by directionally supplying nitrogen upwards through the second vent pipe 300, it can work synergistically with other gases. This enhances the flexibility of gas composition control in the upper part, such as supplementing the low-oxygen environment or diluting high-concentration disinfectants. Furthermore, the independent control valve precisely regulates the flow of nitrogen, avoiding interference from other gases such as chlorine dioxide. This provides a richer functional combination for the coordinated control of multiple gases in the upper and lower parts of the grain silo.

[0033] Refer to Figure 2 The control method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain silos according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the control method has three modes: upward flow and downward discharge, downward flow and upward discharge, and internal circulation. When applying the top-down exhaust mode S100: open carbon dioxide control valve 311, chlorine dioxide control valve 321, or nitrogen control valve 331, and close the second control valve 412 to flush carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo; turn on the blower 430, the first control valve 411, and the fourth control valve 441, and close the third control valve 510 to mechanically exhaust the gas in the middle or lower part of the grain silo; or, turn off the blower 430 and open the first control valve 411, the third control valve 510, and the fourth control valve 441 to naturally exhaust the gas in the middle or lower part of the grain silo. When using the bottom-up discharge mode S200: open the carbon dioxide control valve 211 or the chlorine dioxide control valve 221, and close the first control valve 411 and the third control valve 510 to flush carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the middle or lower part of the grain silo; turn on the blower 430, the second control valve 412 and the fourth control valve 441 to mechanically discharge the gas above the grain silo; or, turn off the blower 430 and turn on the second control valve 412 and the fourth control valve 441 to naturally discharge the gas above the grain silo. When the internal circulation mode S300 is applied: the fan 430, the second control valve 412 and the third control valve 510 are turned on, and the first control valve 411 and the fourth control valve 441 are turned off to drive the gas circulation between the upper and lower parts of the grain silo.

[0034] According to the control method of this invention, applied to a comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain silos, dynamic and precise control of gas distribution and concentration within the silo is achieved. The top-flushing / bottom-exhausting mode accelerates the enrichment of target gases in the lower part of the silo by filling the upper part with carbon dioxide / chlorine dioxide / nitrogen and exhausting the lower part, prioritizing the resolution of pest suffocation and localized gas replacement issues. The bottom-flushing / top-exhausting mode targets mold-prone areas in the upper part of the silo by filling the lower part with carbon dioxide / chlorine dioxide and exhausting the upper part, improving the efficiency of fungicides. Furthermore, the internal circulation mode, driven by a fan 430, circulates gas between the upper and lower parts, breaking down gas stratification and homogenizing oxygen and chlorine dioxide concentrations, ensuring a stable gas environment throughout the silo. The flexible switching and synergy of these three modes cover the full-cycle needs of pest control, sterilization, and concentration maintenance during grain storage, significantly improving the system's functional completeness and practicality.

[0035] Optionally, an internal circulation S300 mode can be run after the top-down discharge S100 mode or the bottom-up discharge S200 mode to drive the chlorine dioxide concentration in the grain silo to ≤3ppm and the oxygen concentration to ≤2%. By further optimizing the mode linkage strategy, the internal circulation mode is specified to run after the top-down discharge or bottom-up discharge mode, realizing a dynamic transition from rapid enrichment of the target gas to uniform and stable conditions. The top-down discharge or bottom-up discharge mode prioritizes the establishment of a high-concentration carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, or low-oxygen environment in specific areas to kill local pests or inhibit mold. After this, the internal circulation mode diffuses the high-concentration gas in the local area to the entire silo through continuous circulating airflow, while promoting oxygen consumption and uniform distribution of chlorine dioxide. Ultimately, this maintains the safe threshold of oxygen concentration ≤2% and chlorine dioxide concentration ≤3ppm in the grain silo. This design, through the reasonable arrangement of the mode sequence, solves the contradiction that a single mode cannot simultaneously achieve rapid effectiveness and long-term stability, significantly improving the reliability and efficiency of full-cycle grain storage protection.

[0036] Other configurations and operations of the control method according to embodiments of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain silos, characterized in that, include: The container is equipped with a first vent pipe and a second vent pipe. One end of the first vent pipe is equipped with a first air supply component, and the other end is connected to the middle or lower part of the grain silo. One end of the second vent pipe is equipped with a second air supply component, and the other end is connected to the upper part of the grain silo. Both the first air supply component and the second air supply component can introduce carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide. The third gas supply component is disposed on the second vent pipe and is located at the same end as the first gas supply component. The third gas supply component is capable of supplying nitrogen gas. An exhaust assembly is provided in the housing. The exhaust assembly includes a connecting pipe, a fan, and an exhaust pipe connected in sequence. The connecting pipe can connect the first vent pipe and the second vent pipe. The fan is used to draw air from the connecting pipe and discharge it through the exhaust pipe. The control system integrates the control of the first air supply component, the second air supply component, the third air supply component, and the exhaust component to introduce carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo and simultaneously exhaust gas into the lower part of the grain silo; or, to introduce carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the lower part of the grain silo and simultaneously exhaust gas into the upper part of the grain silo.

2. The integrated controlled atmosphere system for grain silos according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust port of the fan is connected to an exhaust pipe. One end of the exhaust pipe away from the exhaust port is connected to the middle of the connecting pipe. The two ends of the connecting pipe are respectively provided with a first control valve and a second control valve to control the connection status with the first vent pipe and the second vent pipe, respectively.

3. The integrated controlled atmosphere system for grain silos according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first vent pipe is connected to an auxiliary pipe, and the two ends of the auxiliary pipe are respectively connected to the first vent pipe and the exhaust pipe. By operating the fan, the gas is driven to circulate between the upper and lower parts of the grain silo.

4. The integrated controlled atmosphere system for grain silos according to claim 3, characterized in that: The auxiliary pipe is equipped with a third control valve to control the on / off state of the auxiliary pipe.

5. A comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A fourth control valve is provided at the end of the exhaust pipe opposite to the fan to block or discharge gas.

6. The integrated controlled atmosphere system for grain silos according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gas supply component includes a carbon dioxide branch, a carbon dioxide control valve, a chlorine dioxide branch, and a chlorine dioxide control valve. The carbon dioxide branch and the chlorine dioxide branch are independently connected to the first gas supply pipe. The carbon dioxide control valve is located on the carbon dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch. The chlorine dioxide control valve is located on the chlorine dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch.

7. A comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second gas supply component includes a second carbon dioxide branch, a second carbon dioxide control valve, a second chlorine dioxide branch, and a second chlorine dioxide control valve. The second carbon dioxide branch and the second chlorine dioxide branch are independently connected to the second gas supply pipe. The second carbon dioxide control valve is located on the second carbon dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the second carbon dioxide branch. The second chlorine dioxide control valve is located on the second chlorine dioxide branch and is used to control the on / off state of the second chlorine dioxide branch.

8. A comprehensive controlled atmosphere system for grain storage as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The third gas supply component includes a nitrogen branch and a nitrogen control valve. The nitrogen branch, the second carbon dioxide branch, and the second chlorine dioxide branch are each independently connected to the second gas pipe. The nitrogen control valve is located in the nitrogen branch and is used to control the on / off state of the nitrogen branch.

9. A control method, characterized in that, include: The container is equipped with a first vent pipe and a second vent pipe. One end of the first vent pipe is equipped with a carbon dioxide branch, a carbon dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch, a chlorine dioxide branch, and a chlorine dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch. The other end of the first vent pipe is connected to the middle or lower part of the grain silo. One end of the second vent pipe is equipped with a carbon dioxide branch, a carbon dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the carbon dioxide branch, a chlorine dioxide branch, a chlorine dioxide control valve for controlling the on / off state of the chlorine dioxide branch, a nitrogen branch, and a nitrogen control valve for controlling the on / off state of the nitrogen branch. An exhaust assembly is disposed in the housing. The exhaust assembly includes a connecting pipe, a fan, and an exhaust pipe connected in sequence. The connecting pipe connects to a first vent pipe and a second vent pipe. The fan's intake port is connected to an exhaust pipe. One end of the exhaust pipe away from the intake port is connected to the middle of the connecting pipe. A first control valve and a second control valve are respectively provided at both ends of the connecting pipe to control the connection status with the first vent pipe and the second vent pipe, respectively. The fan is used to draw air from the exhaust pipe and discharge it through the exhaust pipe. An auxiliary pipe is connected to the first vent pipe. The two ends of the auxiliary pipe are respectively connected to the first vent pipe and the exhaust pipe. A third control valve is provided on the auxiliary pipe to control the on / off status of the auxiliary pipe. A fourth control valve is provided at the end of the exhaust pipe away from the fan to block or discharge gas; The control method has three modes: upward flow and downward discharge, downward flow and upward discharge, and internal circulation. When applying the top-down exhaust mode: open the second carbon dioxide control valve, the second chlorine dioxide control valve, or the nitrogen control valve, and close the second control valve to flush carbon dioxide, chlorine dioxide, and / or nitrogen into the upper part of the grain silo; open the fan, the first control valve, and the fourth control valve, and close the third control valve to mechanically exhaust the gas in the middle or lower part of the grain silo; or, turn off the fan and open the first control valve, the third control valve, and the fourth control valve to naturally exhaust the gas in the middle or lower part of the grain silo. When applying the bottom-up discharge mode: open the first carbon dioxide control valve or the first chlorine dioxide control valve, and close the first control valve and the third control valve to flush carbon dioxide and / or chlorine dioxide into the middle or lower part of the grain silo; turn on the fan, the second control valve and the fourth control valve to mechanically discharge the gas above the grain silo; or, turn off the fan and turn on the second control valve and the fourth control valve to naturally discharge the gas above the grain silo. When the internal circulation mode is applied: the fan, the second control valve and the third control valve are turned on, and the first control valve and the fourth control valve are turned off, so as to drive the gas circulation between the upper and lower parts of the grain silo.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: After the upward flushing and downward discharge mode or the downward flushing and upward discharge mode, the internal circulation mode is operated to drive the chlorine dioxide concentration in the grain silo to ≤3ppm and the oxygen concentration in the grain silo to ≤2%.

Images