Park integrated energy system low-carbon demand response method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of park comprehensive energy system low-carbon operation, in particular to a park comprehensive energy system low-carbon demand response method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the low-carbon demand response of a load side and an energy storage side based on a power side CCS-P2G coupling operation mechanism; constructing a source-load-storage collaborative carbon reduction park integrated energy system low-carbon operation framework; aiming at carbon emission characteristics of park equipment and energy storage, establishing a park integrated energy system extended carbon emission flow model; calculating a dynamic carbon emission factor based on an extended carbon emission flow model; and the dynamic carbon emission factor is used as a guide to excite a user to change a power utilization mode and change charging and discharging behaviors through energy storage so as to carry out low-carbon demand response. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the low-carbon potential of resources on the load side and the energy storage side is effectively excavated, and the carbon emission of PIES is effectively reduced; the extended carbon emission flow model provided by the invention can overcome the difficulty of carbon emission flow analysis caused by diversified equipment in PIES.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-carbon operation technology of integrated energy systems in industrial parks, and in particular to a low-carbon demand response method and system for integrated energy systems in industrial parks. Background Technology

[0002] A park-level integrated energy system (PIES) refers to a system that provides integrated and optimized energy supply, conversion, storage, and management for a park or industrial zone. Energy supply in a park-level integrated energy system mainly includes electricity, natural gas, steam, and cooling; energy conversion includes combined heat and power (CHP), photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and distributed energy; energy storage includes batteries, thermal energy storage, and cold energy storage; and energy management refers to the real-time monitoring and scheduling optimization of the park's energy through information technology, intelligent control, and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, with increasing global climate change and pressure to reduce carbon emissions, the low-carbon transformation of park-level integrated energy systems has become a crucial direction.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN117610836A disclosed on February 27, 2024, a method for generating a scheduling strategy for an integrated energy system in a park. This method obtains basic data of the integrated energy system in the park, establishes models of each device, and then constructs a multi-energy flow coupling matrix to characterize the demand and supply sides of the integrated energy system in the park. Through the coupling characteristics of each device in the park's integrated energy system in time and space, the optimal PIES scheduling strategy is finally generated, which promotes the renewable energy absorption capacity of the integrated energy system in the park.

[0004] However, the above methods mainly consider the full utilization of renewable energy from the supply side. How to further explore the low-carbon potential of resources on the user side and energy storage side has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a low-carbon demand response method and system for a park integrated energy system, which improves the method to explore the low-carbon potential of the user side and energy storage side of the PIES and reduce PIES carbon emissions.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a low-carbon demand response method for an integrated energy system in a park is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Based on the CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism on the power supply side and the low-carbon demand response on the load side and energy storage side, a low-carbon operation framework for the park's integrated energy system for coordinated carbon reduction of source-load-storage is constructed.

[0008] An extended carbon emission flow model for the integrated energy system of the park is established, taking into account the carbon emission characteristics of the park's equipment and energy storage.

[0009] Dynamic carbon emission factors are calculated based on an extended carbon emission flow model.

[0010] Guided by dynamic carbon emission factors, users are incentivized to change their electricity consumption patterns, and energy storage changes its charging and discharging behavior to respond to low-carbon demand.

[0011] Furthermore, the operational mode of the low-carbon operation framework of the integrated energy system in the park, which promotes carbon reduction through source-load-storage synergy, is as follows:

[0012] On the power supply side, the CCS-P2G coupling operation mechanism directly reduces the carbon emissions of PIES;

[0013] On both the load and energy storage sides, the PIES low-carbon demand response strategy based on extended carbon emission streams is used to indirectly reduce carbon emissions.

[0014] Furthermore, the CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism includes the coupled operation of a flue gas split-flow CCS system and a two-stage P2G system;

[0015] Among them, the flue gas diversion CCS system is used to reduce the carbon emissions of high-carbon units in PIES. It absorbs and solidifies CO2 in the flue gas emitted by the unit through an absorption tower, and separates CO2 in the storage tank through a desorption tower for use by P2G equipment.

[0016] The two-stage P2G system is used to convert excess renewable energy into methane for use in the natural gas load of PIES. The two-stage P2G system includes an electrolyzer that uses redundant renewable energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen reacts with CO2 captured by CCS to produce methane.

[0017] Furthermore, load-side and energy storage-side low-carbon demand response refers to informing PIES users of the differences in carbon emissions generated under different electricity consumption patterns, thereby guiding users to change their electricity consumption time and amount to reduce PIES carbon emissions.

[0018] Furthermore, in the extended carbon emission flow model of the park's integrated energy system, single-input-single-output devices and single-input-multiple-output devices are included. The carbon emission flow model for single-input-single-output devices is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, and η represents the carbon emission intensity of the i-th energy coupling conversion device during time period t, which are the input and output carbon emission intensities, respectively. i For the efficiency of energy coupling conversion devices;

[0021] The carbon emission flow model for a single-input multiple-output device is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula: Let be the carbon emission intensity generated by the input gas of the i-th CHP unit during time period t; and The carbon emission intensity of the i-th CHP unit during time period t is respectively the carbon emission intensity generated by power supply and heating. e and η h These are the power generation and heating efficiencies of the CHP unit, respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, the extended carbon emission flow model of the integrated energy system in the park also includes CHP units converted into carbon capture units. The carbon emission conservation formulas for the input and output ports of the carbon capture units are as follows:

[0025]

[0026] in: The power to supply gas to the CHP unit; and These represent the electrical and thermal power outputs of the CHP unit, respectively; P t CCS Let t represent the operating energy consumption of the CCS system during time period t.

[0027] Furthermore, the extended carbon emission flow model of the park's integrated energy system includes energy storage devices, which have both charging and discharging states.

[0028] The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of energy storage devices during charging is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula: Δt is the unit duration; The amount of carbon emissions stored during the charging of energy storage in time period t; P t cha The charging power for energy storage during time period t; Let t be the carbon emission intensity during energy storage charging. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of energy storage devices during discharge is:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula: P represents the carbon emissions during the discharge of energy stored in time period t. t dis Q represents the discharge power of the stored energy during time period t. t disη represents the carbon emission intensity during energy storage discharge in time period t; dis The discharge efficiency of energy storage; Let t-1 be the energy storage CLR. Furthermore, the formula for calculating the dynamic carbon emission factor is:

[0033]

[0034] Where: ε t e represents the dynamic carbon emission factor of PIES at time t; i,t P represents the carbon potential at node i at time t; L,i,t Let be the load of node i at time t; N be the set of nodes within the PIES coverage area. Furthermore, when implementing low-carbon demand response, the user's carbon reduction amount and carbon reduction benefits are obtained through the following steps:

[0035] Based on the new energy output forecast results, calculate the different sources of electricity consumed by users in PIES and their corresponding carbon emission characteristics, obtain the dynamic carbon emission factor and inform users;

[0036] Obtain the user's baseline load before implementing low-carbon demand response, and calculate the user's electricity carbon emissions before implementing low-carbon demand response based on the electricity carbon emission factor;

[0037] After informing users of the dynamic carbon emission factor, they can adjust their electricity consumption time and amount based on their own electricity needs and carbon reduction requirements.

[0038] After the low-carbon demand response, the difference in carbon emissions generated by the user's actual electricity consumption behavior and the original electricity consumption behavior is calculated, and the results are communicated to the user.

[0039] Furthermore, when implementing low-carbon demand response, the user loads involved in the response include transferable loads and reducible loads. Transferable loads refer to loads whose total energy consumption remains unchanged within a scheduling cycle, and whose energy consumption periods can be flexibly scheduled. Reducible loads refer to the portion of the load that users can reduce or even interrupt under the guidance mechanism.

[0040] Guided by dynamic emission factors, the formula for calculating the maximum carbon reduction achieved by adjusting users' electricity consumption patterns within a scheduling cycle is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] In the formula: Let D be the maximum daily carbon reduction achieved by adjusting users' electricity consumption patterns within a scheduling cycle, and ε be the scheduling cycle. t Let be the dynamic carbon emission factor of PIES at time t; This represents the load reduction of electricity users during the low-carbon response period t. P represents the increase in load for electricity users during the low-carbon response period t; t L P represents the baseline load value within time period t; t DR P represents the optimized load value within time period t; t T P t C These are respectively transferable load and load power that can be reduced; These are the upper limits of response for the two types of loads, respectively;

[0043] After obtaining users' carbon reduction figures, the formula for calculating the emission reduction benefits resulting from users' participation in low-carbon demand response is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula: The carbon emission reduction after low-carbon demand response within the period T to be evaluated. The benefits generated from carbon emission reductions; For carbon price;

[0046] The formula for calculating the maximum carbon reduction of energy storage participating in low-carbon demand response is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Where: ΔP t D and ΔP t C These represent the changes in discharge and charging power of the energy storage during time period t, respectively.

[0049] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a low-carbon demand response system for an integrated energy system in a park is also provided, comprising:

[0050] The module is used to build a low-carbon operation framework for the integrated energy system of the park with source-load-storage synergistic carbon reduction based on the CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism on the power supply side and the low-carbon demand response on the load side and the energy storage side.

[0051] A module was established to create an extended carbon emission flow model for the integrated energy system of the park, taking into account the carbon emission characteristics of the park's equipment and energy storage.

[0052] The calculation module is used to calculate the dynamic carbon emission factor based on the extended carbon emission flow model;

[0053] The guidance module is used to incentivize users to change their electricity consumption patterns and energy storage to change its charging and discharging behavior in order to respond to low-carbon demand, guided by dynamic carbon emission factors.

[0054] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: After establishing a PIES source-load-storage coordinated low-carbon framework, this invention establishes an extended carbon emission flow model for PIES, calculates the dynamic carbon emission factor, and finally, guided by the dynamic carbon emission factor, load and energy storage participate in low-carbon demand response, reducing PIES carbon emissions. Compared with existing technologies, this invention effectively taps into the low-carbon potential of load-side and energy storage resources, effectively reducing PIES carbon emissions; the proposed extended carbon emission flow model can overcome the difficulties brought about by the diverse equipment in PIES for carbon emission flow analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park based on extended carbon emission flows, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the PIES low-carbon operation framework in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the PIES source-charge-storage synergistic carbon reduction structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the PIES low-carbon demand response strategy in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the output and load curves of new energy sources in the "electricity and carbon emissions peaking" scenario in this invention embodiment;

[0061] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the dynamic carbon emission factor in the "electricity-carbon co-peak" scenario in this embodiment of the invention.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the output and load curves of new energy sources in the "electricity-carbon peak shifting" scenario in this invention embodiment;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the dynamic carbon emission factor in the "electricity-carbon peak shifting" scenario in this embodiment of the invention.

[0064] Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of dynamic carbon emission factors and electricity prices in the "electricity-carbon co-peak" scenario of this invention embodiment;

[0065] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the electricity demand response under the "electricity and carbon co-peak" scenario in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of low-carbon demand response under the "electricity and carbon co-peak" scenario in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 12 This is a comparison chart of dynamic carbon emission factors and electricity prices in the "electricity carbon shifting" scenario of this invention embodiment;

[0068] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the electricity demand response under the "electricity-carbon peak shifting" scenario in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of low-carbon demand response under the "electricity-carbon peak shifting" scenario in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage charging and discharging behavior under the "electricity and carbon co-peak" scenario in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage charging and discharging behavior under the "electricity-carbon peak shifting" scenario in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 17 This is a structural block diagram of the low-carbon demand response system of the integrated energy system in the park, as described in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0074] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0075] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0076] In the embodiments of the present invention, the core concept of the low-carbon demand response method of the integrated energy system in the park is to first establish a PIES source-load-storage collaborative low-carbon framework, then establish a PIES extended carbon emission flow model, calculate the dynamic carbon emission factor, and finally, under the guidance of the dynamic carbon emission factor, the load and energy storage participate in the low-carbon demand response to reduce PIES carbon emissions.

[0077] like Figure 1 The low-carbon demand response method for the integrated energy system of the park shown includes the following steps:

[0078] S10: Based on the power supply-side CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism and the low-carbon demand response of the load and energy storage sides, a low-carbon operation framework for a park integrated energy system with source-load-storage synergistic carbon reduction is constructed; in the embodiments of the present invention, the low-carbon operation framework for a park integrated energy system with source-load-storage synergistic carbon reduction is as follows: Figures 2 to 4 As shown, CCS-P2G is a combination of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and power-to-gas (P2G) technologies. CCS refers to the use of technology to capture carbon dioxide generated during industrial or energy production and store it in underground storage facilities to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. P2G refers to using electricity generated from renewable energy sources to convert electrical energy into gases such as hydrogen or methane through water electrolysis or electrochemical reactions. These gases are then injected into gas pipelines or stored for subsequent energy conversion. Specifically, in the embodiments of the present invention, the operation mode of the low-carbon operation framework of the integrated energy system for park with source-load-storage synergistic carbon reduction is as follows: On the power supply side, the CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism directly reduces the carbon emissions of PIES; the adoption of the CCS-P2G coupled mechanism on the power supply side is a direct emission reduction path, emphasizing the technological substitution of high-carbon energy and the use of renewable energy to form a carbon cycle closed loop; specifically, in the embodiments of the present invention, the CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism includes the coupled operation of a flue gas diversion CCS system and a two-stage P2G system; wherein, the flue gas diversion CCS system is used to reduce the carbon emissions of high-carbon units in PIES, which absorbs and solidifies CO2 in the flue gas emitted by the units through an absorption tower, and separates CO2 in the storage tank through a desorption tower for use by P2G equipment; the two-stage P2G system is used to convert excess new energy energy into methane for use by the natural gas load in PIES, and the two-stage P2G system includes an electrolyzer, which uses redundant new energy power to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen reacts with the CO2 captured by the CCS to produce methane. In embodiments of the present invention, hydrogen can also be directly fed into the gas pipeline in a certain proportion for hydrogen blending operation, thereby reducing gas purchase costs and improving hydrogen utilization.

[0079] S20: On both the load and energy storage sides, utilize a PIES-based low-carbon demand response strategy to indirectly reduce carbon emissions. Load-side and energy storage-side low-carbon demand response refers to informing PIES users of the differences in carbon emissions generated under different electricity consumption modes, thereby guiding users to change their electricity usage time and volume, thus reducing PIES carbon emissions. Specifically, by guiding users to change their electricity consumption behavior, energy storage is incentivized to proactively change its charging and discharging behavior. Users within the PIES are informed of the differences in carbon emissions generated under different electricity consumption modes, thus guiding them to proactively change their electricity usage time and volume, thereby reducing PIES carbon emissions. In addition, as an important flexible resource within PIES, battery energy storage systems play a crucial role in smoothing out fluctuations in renewable energy generation and regulating supply and demand imbalances. Guided by dynamic carbon emission factors, energy storage systems also participate in low-carbon demand response by engaging in "low-charge, high-discharge" behavior targeting carbon emission factors, thereby gaining revenue from the carbon market or meeting the low-carbon product production needs of enterprises, while effectively reducing PIES carbon emissions.

[0080] S30: Based on the carbon emission characteristics of equipment and energy storage in the park, an extended carbon emission flow model for the park's integrated energy system is established. Specifically, the PIES includes various energy coupling and conversion devices, including single-input-single-output devices and single-input-multiple-output devices. The carbon emissions carried by the energy input to the single-input-single-output model should be conserved with the carbon emissions output. In the embodiments of this invention, the carbon emission flow model for the single-input-single-output device is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, and η represents the carbon emission intensity of the i-th energy coupling conversion device during time period t, which are the input and output carbon emission intensities, respectively. i For the efficiency of energy coupling conversion devices;

[0083] The carbon emission flow model for a single-input multiple-output device is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] In the formula: Let be the carbon emission intensity generated by the input gas of the i-th CHP unit during time period t; and The carbon emission intensity of the i-th CHP unit during time period t is respectively the carbon emission intensity generated by power supply and heating. e and η hThese represent the power generation and heating efficiencies of the CHP unit, respectively. By defining the above formulas, a precise model of carbon emission intensity in complex energy flow systems can be achieved, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent carbon scheduling and optimization. This setup also enhances carbon tracking capabilities across equipment and energy conversion processes.

[0086] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the extended carbon emission flow model of the integrated energy system in the park also includes a carbon capture unit converted from a CHP unit, and the carbon emission conservation formulas for the input and output ports of the carbon capture unit are as follows:

[0087]

[0088] in: The power to supply gas to the CHP unit; and These represent the electrical and thermal power outputs of the CHP unit, respectively; P t CCS Let t represent the operating energy consumption of the CCS system during time period t. In the above embodiment, after the CHP unit is converted into a carbon capture unit, a portion of the original electrical power will be used for carbon capture and separation, and its net output power will change. The converted CHP unit essentially consumes energy in exchange for low carbon emissions. If the CCS and CHP are considered as a whole, the carbon emission intensity on the power generation side and the supply side still meets the carbon emission conservation at the input and output ports.

[0089] S40: Calculate the dynamic carbon emission factor based on the extended carbon emission flow model;

[0090] Guided by dynamic carbon emission factors, this invention incentivizes users to change their electricity consumption patterns, and energy storage alters charging and discharging behaviors to respond to low-carbon demands. In embodiments of this invention, energy storage devices, as a crucial flexibility resource within the PIES (Powered Intake System), operate in two states: charging and discharging. During charging, the energy storage device acts as an electrical load, absorbing electrical energy from the system while storing the carbon emissions contained within. During discharging, the energy storage device functions as a special power source, providing electrical energy to the system while releasing the stored carbon emissions. This operational mode makes the carbon emission characteristics of energy storage devices more complex; the carbon emission intensity during discharging is not a constant but is related to the carbon emissions contained in the amount of electricity charged. Thus, the carbon emission intensity of energy storage devices is related to their charging and discharging power and the State of Charge (SOC). Analogous to the definition of SOC for energy storage, this invention proposes the concept of "Carbon Loading Rate" (CLR) to describe the carbon emissions stored in energy storage. Its definition and calculation method will be explained in detail below.

[0091] In an embodiment of the present invention, the extended carbon emission flow model of the integrated energy system of the park includes an energy storage device, which has two states: charging and discharging.

[0092] The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of energy storage devices during charging is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] In the formula: Δt is the unit duration; The amount of carbon emissions stored during the charging of energy storage in time period t; P t cha The charging power for energy storage during time period t; The carbon emission intensity during energy storage charging in time period t.

[0095] The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of energy storage devices during discharge is:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula: P represents the carbon emissions during the discharge of energy stored in time period t. t dis Let t be the discharge power of the energy stored during time period t; η represents the carbon emission intensity during energy storage discharge in time period t; dis The discharge efficiency of energy storage; Let CLR be the energy storage capacity during time period t-1. When the energy storage discharges, it provides electrical energy to the system as a power source, while simultaneously releasing the stored carbon emissions. At this time, the carbon emission intensity of the energy storage is related to its discharge power and CLR.

[0098] Based on the above analysis, the CLR of energy storage at a certain moment is related to the CLR of the previous moment and the charging and discharging power at that moment, and is also affected by the energy loss during the charging and discharging process. Finally, the CLR of energy storage at time t is:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula: E represents the state of charge of the energy storage during time period t. es The energy storage capacity is defined using the carbon emission modeling of the aforementioned energy storage devices. Formulas for calculating carbon emissions during charging and discharging processes are defined, taking into account factors such as power, duration, carbon emission intensity, and discharge efficiency. As a regulatory resource, the carbon emission characteristics of energy storage systems are easily overlooked; this aspect incorporates them into the overall carbon emission model control model, making the carbon response system more complete. This setup enhances the scheduling intelligence and carbon trading capabilities of energy storage devices.

[0101] In embodiments of the present invention, the PIES dynamic carbon emission factor is calculated based on electricity consumption nodes. The dynamic carbon emission factor can be obtained by weighting the carbon potential of nodes in space. The formula for calculating the dynamic carbon emission factor is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Where: ε t e represents the dynamic carbon emission factor of PIES at time t; i,t P represents the carbon potential at node i at time t; L,i,t Let be the load of node i at time t; and N be the set of nodes within the PIES coverage area. Based on the above calculation method, after obtaining the dynamic carbon emission factor, the carbon emissions generated by a user in a PIES within a single scheduling period can be calculated using the following formula:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula: E i Let D be the carbon emissions of user i within a scheduling cycle; D be the scheduling cycle. In the above embodiment, the calculation of the dynamic carbon emission factor is used to understand the user's electricity consumption behavior and energy storage charging and discharging scheduling. Through this setting, a system with dynamic feedback characteristics is established, which can provide input to the carbon-limited scheduling platform and improve the overall system's ability to perceive and respond to carbon emission trends.

[0106] In an embodiment of the present invention, when responding to low-carbon demand, the user's carbon reduction amount and carbon reduction benefits are obtained through the following steps:

[0107] Based on the new energy output forecast results, calculate the different sources of electricity consumed by users in PIES and their corresponding carbon emission characteristics, obtain the dynamic carbon emission factor and inform users;

[0108] Obtain the user's baseline load before implementing low-carbon demand response, and calculate the user's electricity carbon emissions before implementing low-carbon demand response based on the electricity carbon emission factor;

[0109] After informing users of the dynamic carbon emission factor, they can adjust their electricity consumption time and amount based on their own electricity needs and carbon reduction requirements.

[0110] After the low-carbon demand response, the difference in carbon emissions between the user's actual electricity consumption and their original electricity consumption behavior is calculated, and the result is communicated to the user. In the above embodiment, a complete closed-loop response mechanism is formed by predicting renewable energy output, establishing a user baseline load, providing carbon factor information, adjusting and calculating carbon difference, and finally evaluating the benefits. Through the above process, users can clearly see the carbon reduction benefits and economic returns generated by their own behavior, thus stimulating their enthusiasm for participation.

[0111] In embodiments of the present invention, PIES users can obtain tangible economic benefits from the carbon market or meet the needs of certain enterprises for low-carbon products through low-carbon demand response strategies. In embodiments of the present invention, when implementing low-carbon demand response, the user loads participating in the response include transferable loads and reducible loads. Transferable loads refer to loads whose total energy consumption remains constant within a scheduling cycle, but whose energy consumption periods can be flexibly scheduled; reducible loads refer to portions of the load that users can reduce or even interrupt under a guidance mechanism.

[0112] Guided by dynamic emission factors, the formula for calculating the maximum carbon reduction achieved by adjusting users' electricity consumption patterns within a scheduling cycle is as follows:

[0113]

[0114] In the formula: To determine the maximum daily carbon emission reduction achieved by adjusting users' electricity consumption patterns within a scheduling cycle, where D is the scheduling cycle and ε is the value of ε. t Let be the dynamic carbon emission factor of PIES at time t; This represents the load reduction of electricity users during the low-carbon response period t. P represents the increase in load for electricity users during the low-carbon response period t; t L P represents the baseline load value within time period t; t DR P represents the optimized load value within time period t; t T P t C These are respectively transferable load and load power that can be reduced; These are the upper limits of response for the two types of loads, respectively;

[0115] After obtaining users' carbon reduction figures, the formula for calculating the emission reduction benefits resulting from users' participation in low-carbon demand response is as follows:

[0116]

[0117] In the formula: The carbon emission reduction after low-carbon demand response within the period T to be evaluated. The benefits generated from carbon emission reductions; For carbon price;

[0118] The formula for calculating the maximum carbon reduction of energy storage participating in low-carbon demand response is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] Where: ΔP t D and ΔPt C These represent the changes in discharge and charging power of the energy storage during time period t, respectively.

[0121] In embodiments of the present invention, a low-carbon demand response system for a park integrated energy system is also provided, such as... Figure 17 As shown, it includes:

[0122] Module 100 is used to construct a low-carbon operation framework for a park's integrated energy system that promotes coordinated carbon reduction by source-load-storage, based on the power supply-side CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism and the load-side and energy storage-side low-carbon demand response.

[0123] Module 200 is established to create an extended carbon emission flow model for the integrated energy system of the park, taking into account the carbon emission characteristics of the park's equipment and energy storage.

[0124] The calculation module 300 is used to calculate the dynamic carbon emission factor based on the extended carbon emission flow model;

[0125] The guidance module 400 is used to incentivize users to change their electricity consumption patterns and energy storage to change its charging and discharging behavior, guided by dynamic carbon emission factors, in order to respond to low-carbon demand. It should be noted that in the embodiments of this invention, the specific implementation methods of each module in the above system are the same as those in the methods, and those skilled in the art can understand them by referring to the context; further details will not be provided here.

[0126] Based on the PIES low-carbon demand response method described above, simulation analysis was conducted in this embodiment. The following section will introduce various typical scenarios of the simulation analysis in detail.

[0127] Based on the aforementioned extended carbon emission flow model and the definition of dynamic carbon emission factor, the dynamic carbon emission factor of PIES is closely related to the output of high-carbon units. Typically, during peak load periods of the day, thermal power units and CHP (Consumer-Related Power Plants) and other high-carbon units increase their output to meet peak load demand, resulting in a high dynamic carbon emission factor. However, with the continuous expansion of renewable energy capacity, high-carbon emission units are being gradually replaced by renewable energy generation. But due to the volatility and randomness of renewable energy output, the output of high-carbon units is no longer solely related to load demand but is also influenced by renewable energy output. In low-carbon industrial parks, the proportion of renewable energy generation capacity is usually relatively high. Therefore, the peak carbon emission periods no longer coincide with the peak electricity load periods but are influenced by both electricity load and renewable energy output. Peak shaving and valley filling of load do not necessarily have a low-carbon effect.

[0128] To verify the effectiveness and advantages of the PIES low-carbon demand response proposed in this invention, two typical scenarios, namely, co-peak electricity and staggered electricity and carbon emissions, are set up in the embodiments of this invention.

[0129] Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is a simulation scenario of peak electricity and carbon emission in this embodiment of the invention. In this scenario, due to meteorological conditions and other factors, the output of new energy sources is at its minimum during peak load periods and at its maximum during off-peak periods, such as during windless, cloudy days and windy nights. The dynamic carbon emission factor corresponding to the first scenario is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, during the peak load period from 9:00 to 16:00, due to the reduced output of renewable energy generation, thermal power units and CHP units need to increase their output to meet the load demand, resulting in increased carbon emission intensity and a peak dynamic carbon emission factor during this period. During the remaining off-peak load periods, the load is lower but renewable energy output is higher, and the output of high-carbon units such as thermal power units and CHP units is at its lowest. At this time, the PIES carbon emission intensity is also at its lowest, and the dynamic carbon emission factor tends to be at its minimum. By comparing the load curve and the dynamic carbon emission factor curve, it can be seen that this scenario is similar to the traditional scenario dominated by thermal power units and CHP units, where the peak load period is also the peak carbon emission period. Therefore, this invention defines it as a "co-peak electricity and carbon emission" scenario.

[0130] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 The image shown is a simulation scenario of electrocarbon peak shifting in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, this scenario typically occurs during the day when sunlight is intense and windy, and at night when there is no wind. During the daytime peak load period from 9:00 to 16:00, the dynamic carbon emission factor tends to be at its lowest value because the output of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power accounts for a large proportion of PIES energy supply. During the remaining nighttime periods, especially the evening peak around 20:00, the output of renewable energy generation decreases, requiring high-carbon units to supplement electricity to meet load demand, so the carbon emission factor tends to be highest at night. Through comparison... Figure 7 As can be seen from the dynamic carbon emission factor and load demand curve, the peak period of load demand and the peak period of carbon emission show a significant staggered peak characteristic, that is, the peak period of electricity load is exactly the trough period of carbon emission factor. This invention defines it as the "electricity-carbon staggered peak" scenario.

[0131] Conventional price-based demand response (PIES) uses electricity price signals as a guide, incentivizing users to reduce electricity consumption during peak load periods or shift peak-hour demand to off-peak periods by implementing peak-valley time-of-use pricing schemes. Similar to electricity demand response mechanisms, under low-carbon demand response (PIES), electricity users should tend to reduce electricity consumption during peak carbon emission factors or shift demand to other periods, while consuming more electricity during off-peak periods. Therefore, in the "electricity-carbon co-peak" scenario, users participating in low-carbon demand response should exhibit similar response behavior to those under conventional electricity demand response; however, in the "electricity-carbon shifting" scenario, the dynamic carbon emission factor changes in the opposite logic to peak-valley time-of-use pricing, thus users may exhibit different response behaviors compared to electricity demand response. Considering that the relationship between electricity load and dynamic carbon emission factors during PIES operation is essentially between the typical "electricity-carbon co-peak" and "electricity-carbon shifting" scenarios, this invention selects these two typical scenarios to verify the effectiveness of low-carbon demand response.

[0132] In the embodiments of this invention, the economic benefits of the two typical scenarios described above are analyzed. Combining the PIES multi-energy coupling network framework, this invention verifies the low-carbon benefits of low-carbon demand response to PIES under the typical scenarios of "electricity and carbon peak sync" and "electricity and carbon peak shifting". The carbon allowance price is referenced to the domestic carbon market price in 2024, with an average carbon allowance price of 91.6 yuan / ton. As a comparison with the low-carbon demand response analysis results, the electricity demand response in the example considers price-based demand response guided by electricity prices. The time-of-use electricity prices are shown in Table 1.

[0133] Table 1 Time-of-use Electricity Price Table

[0134]

[0135] Figure 9 For the comparison of time-of-use electricity pricing and dynamic carbon emission factors, Figure 10 and Figure 11 This demonstrates the load changes before and after user participation in electricity demand response and low-carbon demand response within the PIES under a typical "electricity-carbon peak" scenario. Figure 10 and Figure 11 It is evident that under a price-driven electricity demand response mechanism, users proactively reduce or shift their load to off-peak hours during the 8:00-15:00 peak period to save on electricity costs. Since peak electricity consumption coincides with peak carbon emissions in the "electricity-carbon symbiosis" scenario, the peak load shaving and valley filling effect of electricity demand response can simultaneously reduce PIES energy costs and carbon emissions.

[0136] Depend on Figures 12 to 14It is evident that low-carbon demand response can also play a role in peak shaving and valley filling of carbon emissions. By reducing and shifting load during the high-carbon-emission period from 8:00 to 16:00, it also reduces the cost of electricity and carbon emissions for PIES (Powered Intake Systems). It is worth noting that electricity prices are higher during the evening peak period from 19:00 to 21:00. At this time, due to higher output from renewable energy sources, the carbon emission factor is actually lower. If load is further reduced and shifted during this period, it would be detrimental to the absorption of renewable energy generation, resulting in a waste of renewable energy resources. Low-carbon demand response allows users to shift loads during the peak carbon emission period to the 19:00-21:00 period, which helps to absorb renewable energy and significantly reduces PIES carbon emissions. Table 2 shows the carbon emission reduction and emission reduction benefits of PIES under different demand response mechanisms. The data in the table shows that the carbon emission reduction and the resulting emission reduction benefits under electricity demand response are lower than those under low-carbon demand response. Under low-carbon demand response, PIES users reduced CO2 emissions by 29.79 tons, resulting in an increase in emission reduction benefits of 2,729 yuan. Therefore, in this scenario, both electricity prices and carbon emission factors can effectively guide users, and both demand response mechanisms can play a role in saving energy and reducing carbon emissions, but low-carbon demand response has a better carbon reduction effect.

[0137] Table 2 Demand response benefits under different scenarios

[0138]

[0139] Figure 15 and Figure 16The figure illustrates the charging and discharging behavior and State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage system when participating in low-carbon demand response under the two typical scenarios mentioned above. As shown in the figure, in the "electricity and carbon peak coinciding" scenario, the energy storage system mainly charges between 1:00-7:00 and 22:00-23:00, during which renewable energy output is high, allowing the energy storage system to store low-carbon-emission electricity. Discharging occurs during the high-carbon-emission period from 11:00-14:00. In the "electricity and carbon peak shifting" scenario, the energy storage charging and discharging behavior follows the same logic. Charging mainly occurs between 11:00-15:00, when renewable energy output is high and carbon emissions are low, while discharging occurs during the high-carbon-emission periods from 0:00-5:00 and 20:00-23:00. Table 3 shows the low-carbon benefits of the energy storage system participating in low-carbon demand response under the two scenarios. As can be seen from the table, under the low-carbon demand response mode, PIES operators can effectively reduce PIES carbon emissions and obtain low-carbon benefits by adjusting the charging and discharging behavior of the energy storage system according to changes in dynamic carbon emission factors. Energy storage systems employ a "low-charge, high-discharge" strategy guided by dynamic carbon emission factors. This strategy stores low-carbon electrical energy during periods of high renewable energy output and low carbon potential, and discharges it during periods of high carbon emissions to replace traditional high-carbon power sources. This reduces the carbon emission intensity of PIES (Potential Energy Intake System) and improves the efficiency of renewable energy absorption through power-carbon emission synergy optimization, achieving a dual benefit of flexibility and low carbon emissions.

[0140] Table 3 Low-carbon benefits of energy storage in different scenarios

[0141]

[0142] Those skilled in the art should understand that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-carbon demand response method for an integrated energy system in a park, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism on the power supply side and the low-carbon demand response on the load side and energy storage side, a low-carbon operation framework for the park's integrated energy system for coordinated carbon reduction of source-load-storage is constructed. An extended carbon emission flow model for the integrated energy system of the park is established, taking into account the carbon emission characteristics of the park's equipment and energy storage. Dynamic carbon emission factors are calculated based on an extended carbon emission flow model. Guided by dynamic carbon emission factors, users are incentivized to change their electricity consumption patterns, and energy storage changes its charging and discharging behavior to respond to low-carbon demand.

2. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operational mode of the low-carbon operation framework of the integrated energy system in the park, which promotes carbon reduction through source-load-storage synergy, is as follows: On the power supply side, the CCS-P2G coupling operation mechanism directly reduces the carbon emissions of PIES; On both the load and energy storage sides, the PIES low-carbon demand response strategy based on extended carbon emission streams is used to indirectly reduce carbon emissions.

3. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 2, characterized in that, The CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism includes the coupled operation of a flue gas split-type CCS system and a two-stage P2G system. Among them, the flue gas diversion CCS system is used to reduce the carbon emissions of high-carbon units in PIES. It absorbs and solidifies CO2 in the flue gas emitted by the unit through an absorption tower, and separates CO2 in the storage tank through a desorption tower for use by P2G equipment. The two-stage P2G system is used to convert excess renewable energy into methane for use in the natural gas load of PIES. The two-stage P2G system includes an electrolyzer that uses redundant renewable energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen reacts with CO2 captured by CCS to produce methane.

4. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 1, characterized in that, Low-carbon demand response on the load side and energy storage side refers to informing PIES users of the differences in carbon emissions generated under different electricity consumption patterns, thereby guiding users to change their electricity consumption time and amount to reduce PIES carbon emissions.

5. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extended carbon emission flow model for the integrated energy system in the park includes single-input-single-output devices and single-input-multiple-output devices. The carbon emission flow model for a single-input-single-output device is as follows: In the formula, and η represents the carbon emission intensity of the i-th energy coupling conversion device during time period t, which are the input and output carbon emission intensities, respectively. i For the efficiency of energy coupling conversion devices; The carbon emission flow model for a single-input multiple-output device is as follows: In the formula: Let be the carbon emission intensity generated by the input gas of the i-th CHP unit during time period t; and The carbon emission intensity of the i-th CHP unit during time period t is respectively the carbon emission intensity generated by power supply and heating. e and η h These are the power generation and heating efficiencies of the CHP unit, respectively.

6. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 5, characterized in that, The extended carbon emission flow model for the integrated energy system in the park also includes converting CHP units into carbon capture units. The carbon emission conservation formulas for the input and output ports of the carbon capture units are as follows: In the formula: The power to supply gas to the CHP unit; and These are the electrical and thermal power outputs of the CHP unit, respectively. Let t represent the operating energy consumption of the CCS system during time period t.

7. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 6, characterized in that, The extended carbon emission flow model of the park's integrated energy system includes energy storage devices, which have both charging and discharging states. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of energy storage devices during charging is as follows: In the formula: Δt is the unit duration; The amount of carbon emissions stored when charging energy storage during time period t; The charging power for energy storage during time period t; Let t be the carbon emission intensity during energy storage charging; the formula for calculating the carbon emissions of energy storage devices during discharge is: In the formula: This represents the carbon emissions during the discharge of energy storage in time period t. Let t be the discharge power of the energy stored during time period t; η represents the carbon emission intensity during energy storage discharge in time period t; dis The discharge efficiency of energy storage; The energy storage CLR is for the t-1 time period.

8. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the dynamic carbon emission factor is: Where: ε t e represents the dynamic carbon emission factor of PIES at time t; i,t P represents the carbon potential at node i at time t; L,i,t Let be the load of node i at time t; N is the set of nodes within the PIES coverage area.

9. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 1, characterized in that, When implementing low-carbon demand response, a user's carbon reduction and carbon reduction benefits are obtained through the following steps: Based on the new energy output forecast results, calculate the different sources of electricity consumed by users in PIES and their corresponding carbon emission characteristics, obtain the dynamic carbon emission factor and inform users; Obtain the user's baseline load before implementing low-carbon demand response, and calculate the user's electricity carbon emissions before implementing low-carbon demand response based on the electricity carbon emission factor; After informing users of the dynamic carbon emission factor, they can adjust their electricity consumption time and amount based on their own electricity needs and carbon reduction requirements. After the low-carbon demand response, the difference in carbon emissions generated by the user's actual electricity consumption behavior and the original electricity consumption behavior is calculated, and the results are communicated to the user.

10. The low-carbon demand response method for a comprehensive energy system in a park according to claim 8, characterized in that, When implementing low-carbon demand response, the user loads involved in the response include transferable loads and reduceable loads. Transferable loads refer to loads whose total energy consumption remains unchanged within a scheduling cycle, and whose energy consumption periods can be flexibly scheduled. Reduceable loads refer to the portion of the load that users can reduce or even interrupt under the guidance mechanism. Guided by dynamic emission factors, the formula for calculating the maximum carbon reduction achieved by adjusting users' electricity consumption patterns within a scheduling cycle is as follows: In the formula: Let D be the maximum daily carbon reduction achieved by adjusting users' electricity consumption patterns within a scheduling cycle, and ε be the scheduling cycle. t Let be the dynamic carbon emission factor of PIES at time t; This represents the load reduction of electricity users during the low-carbon response period t. This represents the increase in load for electricity users during the low-carbon response period t. The baseline load value within time period t; The optimized load value for time period t; These are respectively transferable load and load power that can be reduced; These are the upper limits of response for the two types of loads, respectively; After obtaining users' carbon reduction figures, the formula for calculating the emission reduction benefits resulting from users' participation in low-carbon demand response is as follows: In the formula: The carbon emission reduction after low-carbon demand response within the period T to be evaluated. The benefits generated from carbon emission reductions; For carbon price; The formula for calculating the maximum carbon reduction of energy storage participating in low-carbon demand response is as follows: In the formula: and These represent the changes in discharge and charging power of the energy storage during time period t, respectively.

11. A low-carbon demand response system for an integrated energy system in a park, characterized in that, include: The module is used to build a low-carbon operation framework for the integrated energy system of the park with source-load-storage synergistic carbon reduction based on the CCS-P2G coupled operation mechanism on the power supply side and the low-carbon demand response on the load side and the energy storage side. A module was established to create an extended carbon emission flow model for the integrated energy system of the park, taking into account the carbon emission characteristics of the park's equipment and energy storage. The calculation module is used to calculate the dynamic carbon emission factor based on the extended carbon emission flow model; The guidance module is used to incentivize users to change their electricity consumption patterns and energy storage to change its charging and discharging behavior in order to respond to low-carbon demand, guided by dynamic carbon emission factors.

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