Quick breaking device of vacuum circuit breaker

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power switch equipment, in particular to a quick breaking device of a vacuum circuit breaker. According to the technical scheme, the quick breaking device of the vacuum circuit breaker comprises a multi-source signal acquisition and preprocessing module, a high-speed measurement and control decision module, a quick execution driving module, a fault diagnosis and self-adaptive protection module, an intelligent communication and state monitoring module and a power management and self-inspection maintenance module, according to the invention, through collaborative optimization of the high-speed measurement and control decision module and the rapid execution driving module, the FPGA core board is adopted to replace a traditional microprocessor, and nanosecond acquisition and wavelet transform analysis of current signals are realized; a triple modular redundancy check mechanism is introduced to ensure that a decision instruction is verified and output within 50 microseconds, thereby effectively limiting the damage of electrodynamic force to an equipment structure, and remarkably improving the short-circuit resistance of a power system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power switching equipment, and in particular to a vacuum circuit breaker rapid breaking device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The vacuum circuit breaker is a high-voltage switching device using vacuum as arc-extinguishing medium, mainly used for rapidly cutting off short-circuit current in power systems. It cooperates with the current-carrying body, current-limiting fuse and high-speed measurement and control module to complete the breaking within 10-20 ms after the occurrence of short circuit, uses the vacuum environment to quickly extinguish the arc and limit the current peak, has the characteristics of fast breaking speed, long electrical life and small maintenance amount, and is widely used in 35 kV and above voltage level power grids, effectively avoids the disastrous impact of short-circuit current on transformers, generators and other main equipment, and significantly improves the power supply reliability and system stability.

[0003] The existing vacuum circuit breaker has a breaking action time of 50-60 ms from the occurrence of fault to completion, during which the short-circuit current continuously impacts the power equipment, which may cause disastrous consequences such as transformer winding deformation and generator insulation breakdown. The traditional circuit breaker relies on a breaking system composed of a spring operating mechanism and an electromagnetic relay, which has large mechanical inertia and long signal processing process, and cannot intervene in time in the initial stage of current rise.

[0004] In view of the problems of the existing vacuum circuit breaker, the breaking action time from the occurrence of fault to completion is 50-60 ms, during which the short-circuit current continuously impacts the power equipment, which may cause disastrous consequences such as transformer winding deformation and generator insulation breakdown. The traditional circuit breaker relies on a breaking system composed of a spring operating mechanism and an electromagnetic relay, which has large mechanical inertia and long signal processing process, and cannot intervene in time in the initial stage of current rise. The present scheme optimizes the cooperation of the high-speed measurement and control decision module and the rapid execution driving module, compresses the fault response time to within 10-20 ms, uses an FPGA core board to replace the traditional microprocessor to realize nanosecond-level acquisition and wavelet transform analysis of current signals, introduces a three-module redundant verification mechanism to ensure that the decision instruction is verified and output within 50 s, and uses a high-speed repulsion mechanism for the current-carrying breaking unit to increase the contact separation speed to 8 m / s, so that the circuit breaker can complete the breaking before the short-circuit current reaches the peak, effectively limits the damage of electric force to the equipment structure, and significantly improves the short-circuit resistance of the power system. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the existing vacuum circuit breaker, the vacuum circuit breaker is limited by mechanical structure and control loop design, and the action time from fault occurrence to completion of breaking is as long as 50-60 ms, during which the short-circuit current continuously impacts the power equipment, which may cause disastrous consequences such as transformer winding deformation and generator insulation breakdown. The traditional circuit breaker relies on the breaking system composed of spring operating mechanism and electromagnetic relay, and has large mechanical inertia and long signal processing process, and cannot intervene in time in the initial stage of current rise.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is: a vacuum circuit breaker rapid breaking device, comprising the following modules: A multi-source signal acquisition and preprocessing module: for comprehensively collecting current, voltage, temperature and arc light multi-source state parameters, completing signal conditioning and abnormal prediction; A high-speed measurement and control decision module: for realizing microsecond-level fault identification, decision verification and protection parameter dynamic optimization based on multi-source data; A rapid execution driving module: for coordinating current-carrying fluid breaking, current-limiting fusing and pulse triggering, and completing nanosecond-millisecond-level rapid breaking action; A fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module: for extracting fault characteristics, predicting equipment life and optimizing protection strategy, and realizing predictive maintenance; An intelligent communication and state monitoring module: for building local-remote dual-channel communication, supporting real-time data interaction and device state visualization; A power management and self-checking maintenance module: for providing high-reliability power supply guarantee, combining self-checking and maintenance decision to prolong the service life of the device.

[0007] As a preferred, the multi-source signal acquisition and preprocessing module comprises: A11: a current detection unit comprising three parallel Rogowski coil current sensors, a signal conditioning circuit and an electromagnetic isolation module, for real-time monitoring of short-circuit current and rate of change, supporting rapid identification of hundred-kilovolt-level current; A12: a voltage detection unit comprising a high-voltage voltage divider, an infrared temperature sensor array and a low-pass filter circuit, for synchronous acquisition of bus voltage distortion data and contact temperature change; A13: an environment perception unit comprising an ultraviolet arc light sensor, a dust concentration sensor and an environment temperature and humidity sensor, for detecting arc generation and abnormal state of device operating environment.

[0008] As a preferred, the high-speed measurement and control decision module comprises: A21: a main control decision unit comprising an FPGA core board, a fault identification algorithm library and an action timing generator, for realizing microsecond-level fault discrimination based on current mutation characteristic matching; A22: Redundancy checking unit, including three-mode redundancy comparator, voting logic circuit and watchdog timer, for ensuring decision reliability through two-out-of-three voting mechanism; A23: Parameter adaptive unit, including dynamic threshold adjustment circuit, load characteristic database and machine learning acceleration chip, for dynamically adjusting protection setting according to operating conditions.

[0009] As preferred, the high-speed measurement and control decision module, when working, includes the following steps: S11: The main control decision unit obtains three-phase current signals through three parallel current transformers at a sampling rate of 1 MHz, and detects the rising edge of short-circuit current without distortion; S12: The FPGA core board performs real-time wavelet transform on the collected current signals, and extracts high-frequency transient components in the 2kHz-10kHz frequency band as fault features; S13: The SVM classifier performs similarity calculation on the extracted feature vectors and the pre-stored short-circuit fault library, and triggers preliminary fault discrimination when the matching degree is ≥95%; S14: The redundancy checking unit performs two-out-of-three voting on the results of the three independent decision channels, and only outputs valid decisions when at least two channels agree; S15: The parameter adaptive unit automatically adjusts the overcurrent protection coefficient K from 1.2 to 2.0 according to the current system load rate, avoiding light load misoperation; S16: The machine learning acceleration chip calls historical fault data, and compresses the decision delay from the original design of 80μs to within 50μs through reinforcement learning algorithm; S17: The final decision signal is transmitted to the execution module through differential signal line in LVDS standard, ensuring that the command can be reliably reached in strong electromagnetic interference environment.

[0010] As preferred, the fast execution drive module includes: A31: Current-carrying fluid breaking unit, including high-speed repulsion mechanism, permanent magnet holding mechanism and vacuum arc chamber, for realizing millisecond mechanical breaking and high-speed separation of contacts; A32: Current-limiting fuse cooperative unit, including silver-platinum alloy melt, quartz sand arc-extinguishing medium and arc voltage feedback sensor, for cooperating with the current-carrying fluid to generate high arc voltage to limit short-circuit current; A33: Pulse trigger unit, including high-frequency pulse transformer, IGBT drive array and energy recovery circuit, for generating nanosecond-level trigger pulse to drive the breaking mechanism to act.

[0011] As preferred, the fast execution drive module, when working, includes the following steps: S21: The current-carrying fluid breaking unit receives the TTL level command of the measurement and control module through the photoelectric coupler, and starts the current flow process of the electromagnetic coil of the repulsion mechanism; S22: The electromagnetic coil establishes a 3T magnetic field within 0.05ms, drives the moving contact to separate from the static contact at a speed of 8m / s, and completes the mechanical breaking action; S23: The pulse transformer synchronously receives the command, and converts the low-voltage control signal into a 10kV / 1μs rising edge trigger pulse through the high-frequency magnetic core; S24: The IGBT drive array amplifies the trigger pulse to a peak current of 200A, and injects it into the silver-platinum alloy melt of the current-limiting fuse, so that the fuse is blown within 0.3ms; S25: The fuse generates an arc voltage of ≥800V during the blowing process, which cooperates with the electric force generated by the breaking of the current-carrying body to limit the short-circuit current peak to below 100kA; S26: The energy recovery circuit captures the residual energy generated during the blowing process through inductive energy storage, and charges it back to the supercapacitor group for use in the next operation; S27: The vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber establishes a vacuum degree of 10^-6Pa within 0.1ms after breaking, and eliminates the risk of arc reignition by using the metal vapor diffusion characteristics; S28: The execution module returns the breaking time and fuse resistance value to the measurement and control module through the CAN bus to form a closed-loop control.

[0012] As a preferred, the fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module comprises: A41: A fault feature extraction unit, comprising a wavelet transform processing chip, a harmonic analysis module and a fault recording memory, for extracting short-circuit current high-frequency component features; A42: A life prediction unit, comprising a contact wear calculation model, a mechanical life counter and a thermal accumulation algorithm, for predicting contact wear and mechanical life remaining times; A43: A protection strategy optimization unit, comprising a reinforcement learning algorithm library, a protection strategy database and a human-computer interaction interface, for automatically optimizing the protection timing according to the fault history.

[0013] As a preferred, the fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module, when working, comprises the following steps: S31: The fault feature extraction unit collects current waveforms within 10ms before and after breaking, with a sampling rate of 2MHz, and stores them in a non-volatile FLASH for analysis; S32: The wavelet transform module performs 5-layer decomposition on the waveform, extracts transient high-frequency components within 0.5ms before the fault occurs, and is used for short-circuit type identification; S33: Based on the extracted transient features, the fault type is determined through a decision tree algorithm; S34: The wear calculation model predicts the remaining life of the contact according to the breaking times and energy accumulation; S35: The thermal accumulation algorithm calculates the contact temperature rise rate in real time, and triggers a level two warning when the temperature rise rate exceeds 5℃ / ms or the static temperature is ≥120℃; S36: The reinforcement learning algorithm adjusts the protection timing from 0.3ms to 0.25ms based on the most recent 10 fault records; S37: The optimized protection parameters are written to the EEPROM of the measurement and control decision module via the Modbus protocol.

[0014] As a preferred option, the intelligent communication and status monitoring module includes: A51: Local communication unit, including CAN bus controller, RS485 isolation interface and Modbus protocol stack, used to achieve millisecond-level data interaction with substation monitoring system; A52: Remote transmission unit, including a 5G communication module, LoRa wireless node, and encryption chip, used to support fault data to be uploaded to the cloud platform in seconds; A53: Human-machine interface unit, including a 7-inch touch screen, LED status indicator array and voice alarm module, used to display real-time current waveform and equipment health status.

[0015] As a preferred option, the power management and self-test maintenance module includes: A61: Main power unit, including supercapacitor bank, photovoltaic charging panel and power management chip, used to provide the energy required for multiple interruption operations and long-term independent power supply; A62: Self-test execution unit, including automatic inspection program, simulated fault injection circuit and health assessment model, used for daily automatic component function testing; A63: Maintenance decision unit, including maintenance knowledge graph, spare parts inventory interface and work order generation system, used to generate predictive maintenance plans based on equipment status.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Existing vacuum circuit breakers are limited by their mechanical structure and control circuit design, resulting in a 50-60ms action time from fault occurrence to completion of disconnection. During this period, the short-circuit current continuously impacts the power equipment, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences such as transformer winding deformation and generator insulation breakdown. Traditional circuit breakers rely on a spring-operated mechanism and an electromagnetic relay-based disconnection system, which has high mechanical inertia and a lengthy signal processing flow, making it impossible to intervene in time at the initial stage of current rise. This solution, through the collaborative optimization of a high-speed measurement and control decision module and a fast execution drive module, compresses the fault response time to within 10-20ms. It uses an FPGA core board to replace the traditional microprocessor, achieving nanosecond-level acquisition and wavelet transform analysis of current signals. A three-mode redundancy verification mechanism is introduced to ensure that decision commands are verified and output within 50μs. The current-carrying disconnection unit adopts a high-speed repulsion mechanism, increasing the contact separation speed to 8m / s, enabling the circuit breaker to complete disconnection before the short-circuit current reaches its peak value, effectively limiting the damage of electrodynamic forces to the equipment structure, and significantly improving the short-circuit withstand capability of the power system. 2. Existing vacuum circuit breakers typically use fixed threshold values ​​for overcurrent protection, which cannot adapt to dynamic changes in power system load. Under light load conditions, fixed thresholds may cause maloperation due to harmonic interference; while under heavy load or in scenarios with renewable energy grid integration, fixed thresholds may fail to operate due to increased current fluctuations, thus losing protection function. They lack the ability to adjust protection strategies based on real-time operating conditions. This solution achieves dynamic optimization of protection settings through a parameter adaptive unit, deploys a load characteristic database, and monitors the system's active power and power factor in real time; it adopts a dynamic threshold adjustment circuit to automatically correct the overcurrent coefficient based on the current load rate; and it integrates a machine learning acceleration chip to analyze historical fault data through reinforcement learning algorithms, optimizing decision delay and action timing, enabling the protection strategy to adapt to changes in grid operation modes, improving anti-interference capability under light load, and enhancing protection sensitivity under heavy load, fundamentally resolving the contradiction between maloperation and failure to operate. 3. Existing vacuum circuit breakers rely on periodic inspections and post-fault repairs for maintenance, lacking real-time awareness of equipment status. Inspection cycles are too long, leading to unforeseen malfunctions due to malfunctioning equipment. Over-maintenance results in wasted manpower and spare parts, and there is a lack of effective condition monitoring and lifespan prediction methods. This solution constructs a predictive maintenance system through fault diagnosis and adaptive protection modules, deploys a contact wear calculation model, and predicts remaining lifespan by combining breaking frequency and energy accumulation data. It integrates a heat accumulation algorithm to monitor contact temperature rise rate and static temperature in real time. Reinforcement learning algorithms are used to analyze fault history and dynamically adjust protection timing, enabling the equipment to autonomously assess its health status. It triggers an early warning when contact wear reaches 80% and adjusts operating parameters before abnormal temperature rise, avoiding economic losses from unplanned downtime and reducing unnecessary spare parts replacements. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of a vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to the present invention. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bottom surface of a vacuum circuit breaker fast disconnection device according to the present invention. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic flowchart of the framework of a vacuum circuit breaker fast disconnection device according to the present invention. Figure 4 The diagram shows the working process of the fast execution drive module of a vacuum circuit breaker fast breaking device according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Please see Figures 1-4 The present invention provides an embodiment: a vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device, comprising the following modules: Multi-source signal acquisition and preprocessing module: used to comprehensively acquire current, voltage, temperature and arc light multi-source state parameters, and complete signal conditioning and anomaly prediction; High-speed measurement and control decision module: used to achieve microsecond-level fault identification, decision verification, and dynamic optimization of protection parameters based on multi-source data; Fast execution drive module: used to coordinate fluid disconnection, current limiting fuse breaking and pulse triggering to complete nanosecond-millisecond level fast disconnection action; Fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module: used to extract fault characteristics, predict equipment life and optimize protection strategies to achieve predictive maintenance; Intelligent communication and status monitoring module: used to build local-remote dual-channel communication, supporting real-time data interaction and device status visualization; Power management and self-test maintenance module: Provides highly reliable power supply and extends equipment lifespan by combining self-test and maintenance decisions.

[0020] Preferably, the multi-source signal acquisition and preprocessing module includes: A11: Current detection unit, including three parallel Rogowski coil current sensors, signal conditioning circuit and electromagnetic isolation module, used for real-time monitoring of short-circuit current and rate of change, supporting rapid identification of hundreds of kiloampere currents; A12: Voltage detection unit, including a high-voltage divider, an infrared temperature sensor array, and a low-pass filter circuit, used to synchronously acquire bus voltage distortion data and contact temperature changes; A13: Environmental sensing unit, including ultraviolet arc light sensor, dust concentration sensor and ambient temperature and humidity sensor, used to detect the generation of electric arc and abnormal conditions of the equipment operating environment.

[0021] As a preferred option, the high-speed measurement and control decision module includes: A21: Main control decision unit, including FPGA core board, fault identification algorithm library and action timing generator, used to achieve microsecond-level fault identification based on current change feature matching; A22: Redundancy check unit, including a triple modulo redundancy comparator, voting logic circuit and watchdog timer, used to ensure decision reliability through a two-out-of-three voting mechanism; A23: Parameter adaptive unit, including dynamic threshold adjustment circuit, load characteristic database and machine learning acceleration chip, is used to dynamically adjust protection settings according to operating conditions.

[0022] As a preferred option, the high-speed measurement and control decision module includes the following steps during operation: S11: The main control decision unit acquires three-phase current signals through three parallel current transformers at a sampling rate of 1MHz, and detects short-circuit current rising edges without distortion; S12: The FPGA core board performs real-time wavelet transform on the acquired current signal to extract high-frequency transient components in the 2kHz-10kHz frequency band as fault features; S13: The SVM classifier calculates the similarity between the extracted feature vectors and the pre-stored short-circuit fault database. When the matching degree is ≥95%, preliminary fault discrimination is triggered. S14: The redundancy check unit performs a two-out-of-three vote on the results of the three independent decision channels, and outputs a valid decision only when at least two channels agree; S15: The parameter adaptive unit automatically adjusts the overcurrent protection coefficient K from 1.2 to 2.0 based on the current system load rate to avoid malfunction under light load; S16: The machine learning acceleration chip utilizes historical fault data and, through reinforcement learning algorithms, reduces the decision latency from the original design of 80μs to less than 50μs. S17: The final decision signal is transmitted to the execution module via differential signal lines using the LVDS standard, ensuring reliable delivery of instructions even in environments with strong electromagnetic interference.

[0023] Preferably, the fast execution driver module includes: A31: The fluid-carrying disconnecting unit includes a high-speed repulsion mechanism, a permanent magnet holding mechanism, and a vacuum interrupter, used to achieve millisecond-level mechanical disconnection and high-speed contact separation; A32: Current-limiting fuse coordination unit, including silver-platinum alloy melt, quartz sand arc-extinguishing medium and arc voltage feedback sensor, used to cooperate with the fluid to generate high arc voltage to limit short-circuit current; A33: Pulse triggering unit, including high-frequency pulse transformer, IGBT drive array and energy recovery circuit, used to generate nanosecond-level trigger pulses to drive the breaking mechanism.

[0024] Preferably, the fast-execution driver module includes the following steps during operation: S21: The fluid-carrying disconnection unit receives the TTL level command from the measurement and control module through the optocoupler and initiates the energizing process of the electromagnetic coil of the repulsion mechanism; S22: The electromagnetic coil establishes a 3T magnetic field within 0.05ms, driving the moving contact to separate from the stationary contact at a speed of 8m / s, thus completing the mechanical breaking action; S23: The pulse transformer synchronously receives commands and converts the low-voltage control signal into a 10kV / 1μs rising edge trigger pulse through a high-frequency magnetic core; S24: The IGBT drive array amplifies the trigger pulse to a peak current of 200A and injects it into the silver-platinum alloy molten element of the current-limiting fuse, causing it to melt within 0.3ms; S25: During the fuse blowing process, an arc voltage of ≥800V is generated, which, together with the electrodynamic force generated by the breaking of the current carrier, limits the peak short-circuit current to below 100kA; S26: The energy recovery circuit captures the remaining energy generated during the fuse failure process through inductive energy storage and recharges it back to the supercapacitor bank for use in the next operation; S27: The vacuum interrupter establishes a vacuum of 10^-6 Pa within 0.1 ms after interruption, utilizing the diffusion characteristics of metal vapor to eliminate the risk of arc reignition; S28: The execution module transmits the breaking time and fuse resistance value back to the measurement and control module via the CAN bus, forming a closed-loop control.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module includes: A41: Fault feature extraction unit, including a wavelet transform processing chip, a harmonic analysis module, and a fault recording memory, is used to extract high-frequency component features of short-circuit current; A42: Life prediction unit, including contact wear calculation model, mechanical life counter and heat accumulation algorithm, used to predict contact wear and remaining mechanical life cycles; A43: Protection strategy optimization unit, including reinforcement learning algorithm library, protection strategy database and human-machine interface, used to automatically optimize protection timing based on fault history.

[0026] Preferably, the fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module includes the following steps when it is in operation: S31: The fault feature extraction unit collects current waveforms within 10ms before and after the disconnection, with a sampling rate of 2MHz, and stores them in non-volatile FLASH for analysis; S32: The wavelet transform module performs a 5-level decomposition on the waveform and extracts the transient high-frequency components within 0.5ms before the fault occurs for short-circuit type identification; S33: Based on the extracted transient features, the fault type is determined using a decision tree algorithm; S34: The wear calculation model predicts the remaining contact life based on the number of breakages and energy accumulation; S35: The thermal accumulation algorithm calculates the contact temperature rise rate in real time, and triggers a level two warning when the temperature rise rate exceeds 5℃ / ms or the static temperature is ≥120℃; S36: The reinforcement learning algorithm adjusts the protection timing from 0.3ms to 0.25ms based on the most recent 10 fault records; S37: The optimized protection parameters are written to the EEPROM of the measurement and control decision module via the Modbus protocol.

[0027] As a preferred option, the intelligent communication and status monitoring module includes: A51: Local communication unit, including CAN bus controller, RS485 isolation interface and Modbus protocol stack, used to achieve millisecond-level data interaction with substation monitoring system; A52: Remote transmission unit, including a 5G communication module, LoRa wireless node, and encryption chip, used to support fault data to be uploaded to the cloud platform in seconds; A53: Human-machine interface unit, including a 7-inch touch screen, LED status indicator array and voice alarm module, used to display real-time current waveform and equipment health status.

[0028] As a preferred option, the power management and self-test maintenance module includes: A61: Main power unit, including supercapacitor bank, photovoltaic charging panel and power management chip, used to provide the energy required for multiple interruption operations and long-term independent power supply; A62: Self-test execution unit, including automatic inspection program, simulated fault injection circuit and health assessment model, used for daily automatic component function testing; A63: Maintenance decision unit, including maintenance knowledge graph, spare parts inventory interface and work order generation system, used to generate predictive maintenance plans based on equipment status.

[0029] Example 1 Background: A short circuit fault at a 35kV substation of a steel company caused damage to the main transformer, resulting in a power outage for the entire plant. Traditional vacuum circuit breakers have an operating time of 50-60ms, which cannot complete the disconnection before the short circuit current reaches its peak value. In addition, the protection settings are fixed, and they frequently malfunction under light load. To solve this problem, the vacuum circuit breaker fast disconnection device proposed in this invention is adopted. Through the coordinated operation of modules such as multi-source signal acquisition, high-speed measurement and control decision-making, and fast execution drive, nanosecond-level fault response and dynamic protection are achieved.

[0030] Implementation steps: S41: Install three Rogowski coil current sensors on the three-phase bus, and simultaneously configure a high-voltage divider and an ultraviolet arc sensor. The signal conditioning circuit output is connected to the FPGA core board. S42: Load the fault identification algorithm library into the FPGA, set the voting logic of the triple-modulus redundancy comparator, and initialize the dynamic threshold adjustment circuit parameters; S43: Connect the current-carrying disconnect unit and the current-limiting fuse coordination unit, and debug the IGBT drive array of the pulse trigger unit to ensure that the rise time of the trigger pulse is ≤1μs; S44: Preset the threshold for extracting transient high-frequency components in the fault recording memory, and load the contact wear calculation model and reinforcement learning algorithm library; S45: Simulate a short-circuit fault, test the fluid breaking time and fuse blowing time, and confirm that the total breaking time is ≤20ms; S46: By inputting different operating conditions into the load characteristic database, verify the automatic adjustment range and decision delay of the overcurrent coefficient K; S47: Trigger contact wear warning and check if the maintenance decision unit has generated a spare parts replacement work order; S48: Configure the communication protocol between the CAN bus controller and the substation monitoring system to ensure millisecond-level transmission of data such as breaking time and contact temperature; S49: Configure a 5G communication module to upload fault waveforms to the cloud platform, enabling cross-regional status monitoring; S410: Debug touch screen display interface, integrating real-time current waveform rendering and early warning pop-up functions.

[0031] Data comparison table:

[0032] Implementation Results: After applying this invention, the short-circuit fault response time of the substation was reduced to less than 20ms, the dynamic adjustment of protection settings avoided maloperation under light load, the contact life prediction extended the spare parts replacement cycle by 30%, the number of unplanned shutdowns per year decreased from 3 to 0, and the annual maintenance cost was reduced to 120,000 yuan, saving 40% compared with the traditional solution, and significantly improving the reliability and economy of power grid supply.

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast-breaking device for a vacuum circuit breaker; characterized in that: It consists of the following modules: Multi-source signal acquisition and preprocessing module: used to comprehensively acquire current, voltage, temperature and arc light multi-source state parameters, and complete signal conditioning and anomaly prediction; High-speed measurement and control decision module: used to achieve microsecond-level fault identification, decision verification, and dynamic optimization of protection parameters based on multi-source data; Fast execution drive module: used to coordinate fluid disconnection, current limiting fuse breaking and pulse triggering to complete nanosecond-millisecond level fast disconnection action; Fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module: used to extract fault characteristics, predict equipment life and optimize protection strategies to achieve predictive maintenance; Intelligent communication and status monitoring module: used to build local-remote dual-channel communication, supporting real-time data interaction and device status visualization; Power management and self-test maintenance module: Provides highly reliable power supply and extends equipment lifespan by combining self-test and maintenance decisions.

2. The vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-source signal acquisition and preprocessing module includes: A11: Current detection unit, including three parallel Rogowski coil current sensors, signal conditioning circuit, and electromagnetic isolation module; A12: Voltage detection unit, including a high-voltage divider, an infrared temperature sensor array, and a low-pass filter circuit; A13: Environmental sensing unit, including ultraviolet arc light sensor, dust concentration sensor and ambient temperature and humidity sensor.

3. The vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed telemetry and control decision module includes: A21: Main control decision unit, including FPGA core board, fault identification algorithm library and action timing generator; A22: Redundancy check unit, including a triple-modulus redundancy comparator, voting logic circuit, and watchdog timer; A23: Parameter adaptive unit, including dynamic threshold adjustment circuit, load characteristic database and machine learning acceleration chip.

4. The vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-speed measurement and control decision module, when operating, includes the following steps: S11: The main control decision unit acquires three-phase current signals through three parallel current transformers at a sampling rate of 1MHz, and detects short-circuit current rising edges without distortion; S12: The FPGA core board performs real-time wavelet transform on the acquired current signal to extract high-frequency transient components in the 2kHz-10kHz frequency band as fault features; S13: The SVM classifier calculates the similarity between the extracted feature vectors and the pre-stored short-circuit fault database. When the matching degree is ≥95%, preliminary fault discrimination is triggered. S14: The redundancy check unit performs a two-out-of-three vote on the results of the three independent decision channels, and outputs a valid decision only when at least two channels agree; S15: The parameter adaptive unit automatically adjusts the overcurrent protection coefficient K from 1.2 to 2.0 based on the current system load rate to avoid malfunction under light load; S16: The machine learning acceleration chip utilizes historical fault data and, through reinforcement learning algorithms, reduces the decision latency from the original design of 80μs to less than 50μs. S17: The final decision signal is transmitted to the execution module via differential signal lines using the LVDS standard, ensuring reliable delivery of instructions even in environments with strong electromagnetic interference.

5. The vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fast execution driver module includes: A31: The fluid-carrying disconnect unit includes a high-speed repulsion mechanism, a permanent magnet holding mechanism, and a vacuum interrupter; A32: Current-limiting fuse coordination unit, including silver-platinum alloy melt, quartz sand arc-extinguishing medium, and arc voltage feedback sensor; A33: Pulse triggering unit, including high-frequency pulse transformer, IGBT drive array and energy recovery circuit.

6. A vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driver module executes quickly, and during its operation, it includes the following steps: S21: The fluid-carrying disconnection unit receives the TTL level command from the measurement and control module through the optocoupler and initiates the energizing process of the electromagnetic coil of the repulsion mechanism; S22: The electromagnetic coil establishes a 3T magnetic field within 0.05ms, driving the moving contact to separate from the stationary contact at a speed of 8m / s, thus completing the mechanical breaking action; S23: The pulse transformer synchronously receives commands and converts the low-voltage control signal into a 10kV / 1μs rising edge trigger pulse through a high-frequency magnetic core; S24: The IGBT drive array amplifies the trigger pulse to a peak current of 200A and injects it into the silver-platinum alloy molten element of the current-limiting fuse, causing it to melt within 0.3ms; S25: During the fuse blowing process, an arc voltage of ≥800V is generated, which, together with the electrodynamic force generated by the breaking of the current carrier, limits the peak short-circuit current to below 100kA; S26: The energy recovery circuit captures the remaining energy generated during the fuse failure process through inductive energy storage and recharges it back to the supercapacitor bank for use in the next operation; S27: The vacuum interrupter establishes a vacuum of 10^-6 Pa within 0.1 ms after interruption, utilizing the diffusion characteristics of metal vapor to eliminate the risk of arc reignition; S28: The execution module transmits the breaking time and fuse resistance value back to the measurement and control module via the CAN bus, forming a closed-loop control.

7. The vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module includes: A41: Fault feature extraction unit, including wavelet transform processing chip, harmonic analysis module and fault recording memory; A42: Life prediction unit, including contact wear calculation model, mechanical life counter and heat accumulation algorithm; A43: Protection strategy optimization unit, including reinforcement learning algorithm library, protection strategy database and human-computer interaction interface.

8. A vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fault diagnosis and adaptive protection module, when operating, includes the following steps: S31: The fault feature extraction unit collects current waveforms within 10ms before and after the disconnection, with a sampling rate of 2MHz, and stores them in non-volatile FLASH for analysis; S32: The wavelet transform module performs a 5-level decomposition on the waveform and extracts the transient high-frequency components within 0.5ms before the fault occurs for short-circuit type identification; S33: Based on the extracted transient features, the fault type is determined using a decision tree algorithm; S34: The wear calculation model predicts the remaining contact life based on the number of breaks and energy accumulation; S35: The thermal accumulation algorithm calculates the contact temperature rise rate in real time, and triggers a level two warning when the temperature rise rate exceeds 5℃ / ms or the static temperature is ≥120℃; S36: The reinforcement learning algorithm adjusts the protection timing from 0.3ms to 0.25ms based on the most recent 10 fault records; S37: The optimized protection parameters are written to the EEPROM of the measurement and control decision module via the Modbus protocol.

9. A vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent communication and status monitoring module includes: A51: Local communication unit, including CAN bus controller, RS485 isolation interface and Modbus protocol stack; A52: Remote transmission unit, including 5G communication module, LoRa wireless node and encryption chip; A53: Human-computer interaction unit, including a 7-inch touch screen, an LED status indicator array, and a voice alarm module.

10. A vacuum circuit breaker fast-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management and self-test maintenance module includes: A61: Main power supply unit, including supercapacitor bank, photovoltaic charging panel and power management chip; A62: Self-test execution unit, including automatic inspection program, simulated fault injection circuit and health assessment model; A63: Maintenance decision unit, including maintenance of knowledge graph, spare parts inventory interface and work order generation system.

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