Communication coverage method and device for rail transit

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication coverage method and device for rail transit, and relates to the technical field of rail transit communication, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a coverage device, designing an initial base station distribution scheme according to the geographic characteristics and historical communication data of a rail transit line, the communication base station control end, the vehicle-mounted communication module, the communication signal monitoring module and the environment coverage simulation module are arranged, a perfect communication coverage device is constructed, and the communication coverage device is constructed by means of dynamic adjustment of the base station, vehicle path planning, real-time monitoring, environment factor simulation and the like. According to the technical scheme, working personnel are helped to monitor and evaluate the operation state, the signal quality and the network load of the base station, decision basis is provided, network layout and operation strategies are further optimized, communication data of rail transit and corresponding analysis results are managed, visualized and stored, and the working efficiency is improved. Communication coverage management of the rail transit can be realized through cloud management and control of the internet of things, and the intelligent level of communication coverage management of the rail transit is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail transit communication technology, in particular to a communication coverage method and device for rail transit. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current field of rail transit, the following technologies are usually used to achieve communication network coverage throughout the line: Distributed antenna technology: This technology involves installing antennas at various sites along the rail track and connecting the antennas at each site using optical fiber to form a distributed antenna network. Each site has its own signal coverage range, and by arranging the sites reasonably, signal coverage throughout the line can be achieved. Macrocell technology: This technology involves constructing macrocell base stations along the rail transit line and using the signal coverage range of the macrocell base stations to achieve signal coverage throughout the line. Macrocell base stations typically use high-power transmission equipment and high antenna heights to achieve longer signal coverage distances. In order to ensure coverage of the communication range, there are multiple overlapping coverage areas of different base stations or sites during the running of the rail transit vehicle, resulting in a high handover frequency of the handover. A handover frequency that is too high can not only cause system congestion, affecting the communication experience of other users, but also can cause a decline in communication performance, such as a decline in voice quality or a decrease in data transmission speed.

[0003] Chinese Patent No. CN 118158689 B discloses a communication coverage method and device for rail transit, which includes: obtaining the communication demand of the rail transit vehicle; querying the communication base station group of the rail transit vehicle on the target line, the communication base station group including multiple communication base stations; obtaining multiple communication base station subgroups from the communication base station group, the communication area of any one communication base station subgroup covering the target line; calculating the communication demand coverage degree and the handover frequency of any one communication base station subgroup; determining the first communication base station subgroup from the multiple communication base station subgroups based on the communication demand coverage degree and the handover frequency; and switching the communication signal of the rail transit vehicle on the target line based on the communication area of each communication base station in the first communication base station subgroup. Through the above method, the problem of a high handover frequency of the handover due to multiple overlapping coverage areas of different base stations or sites during the running of the rail transit vehicle in order to ensure coverage of the communication range is solved.

[0004] The above-mentioned scheme still has the following problems:

[0005] Rail transit lines involve complex geographical environments, such as tunnels, mountainous areas, underground facilities, etc., and communication signals are easily disturbed by factors such as terrain and weather, resulting in insufficient signal coverage or blind spots in some areas, affecting the normal operation of the train and the communication needs of passengers;

[0006] Rail transit lines span multiple regions, and the traditional base station layout method often cannot fully consider the communication needs and environmental factors of different regions. With the diversity of vehicle operation, how to realize the dynamic adjustment and optimized layout of the base station to meet the communication coverage throughout the journey has become a technical bottleneck.

[0007] The overall power consumption equipment is too much, the overall intelligent management level is low, the specific link, module or unit required cannot be quickly inquired, and many inconveniences are caused, therefore the present application needs to design a rail transit communication coverage method and device to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to provide a rail transit communication coverage method and device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a technical solution:

[0010] A rail transit communication coverage method, comprising the following specific steps:

[0011] S1, constructing the coverage device, designing an initial base station distribution scheme according to the geographical characteristics and historical communication data of the rail transit line, and displaying the key indicators of each base station in real time;

[0012] S2, determining the geographical position of the rail transit vehicle, assisting the vehicle in path planning and navigation according to the real-time position, monitoring the working state of the vehicle-mounted communication terminal in real time, selecting the optimal transmission path according to different communication environments, and ensuring that the communication coverage device can be compatible with multiple communication protocols and frequency bands;

[0013] S3, collecting relevant data from various sensors, monitoring devices and vehicle-mounted terminals, remotely monitoring the operating parameters of each base station, dynamically adjusting the working mode and transmission power, and detecting whether the communication signal in the communication coverage device is disturbed by external interference in real time;

[0014] S4, manually adjusting the parameters of the communication system according to actual needs, simulating the influence of different environmental factors in the communication coverage device on the communication signal transmission, calculating the coverage range of the communication signal in the communication coverage device in real time, comparing the communication signal quality between different regions of the communication coverage device, and identifying the regions with poor signal coverage or blind spots in the communication coverage device.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the key indicators of the base station in step S1 include the working state, signal coverage area, network quality and load condition of the base station, and the key indicators can be manually deleted and supplemented.

[0016] As a preferred implementation, the relevant data in step S3 includes the speed, position, running state and other information of the vehicle, and the relevant data can be manually deleted and supplemented.

[0017] As a preferred implementation, the various sensors in step S3 include temperature sensors, position sensors, current sensors, noise sensors, and vibration sensors.

[0018] As a preferred implementation, the parameters in step S4 include frequency, power, and bandwidth, and the parameters can be manually deleted and supplemented.

[0019] A communication coverage device for rail transit, comprising a communication base station control terminal, a vehicle-mounted communication liaison module, a communication signal monitoring module, and an environmental coverage simulation module. The communication signal monitoring module is connected to the communication base station control terminal, the vehicle-mounted communication liaison module, and the environmental coverage simulation module through the Internet of Things to realize real-time data exchange and sharing. Staff can log in to the communication base station control terminal to access the internal environment of the communication coverage device and view the real-time running data of the vehicle-mounted communication liaison module, the communication signal monitoring module, and the environmental coverage simulation module. The output end of the communication signal monitoring module is connected to the input end of the vehicle-mounted communication liaison module, and the output ends of the vehicle-mounted communication liaison module and the environmental coverage simulation module are connected to the input end of the communication base station control terminal.

[0020] As a preferred implementation, the communication base station control terminal comprises a remote communication base station control unit, a mobile control terminal, a base station visualization unit, and a base station layout management unit. The remote communication base station control unit and the mobile control terminal are bidirectionally connected, the output ends of the remote communication base station control unit and the mobile control terminal are connected to the input end of the base station visualization unit, and the output end of the base station layout management unit is connected to the input end of the base station visualization unit.

[0021] The remote communication base station control unit is used to monitor the running state of each base station in real time, including signal strength, network load, transmission quality, and other parameters.

[0022] The remote communication base station control unit is also used to remotely adjust the working parameters of the base station to ensure the stability of the communication quality and network.

[0023] The remote communication base station control unit is also used to manage the start and stop of the base station to ensure that the system adjusts as needed, avoiding resource waste or coverage gaps.

[0024] The mobile control terminal is used to monitor the communication quality between the vehicle and the base station in real time and make appropriate adjustments according to the signal strength and network state.

[0025] The mobile control terminal is also used to control and optimize the handover between rail transit vehicles and different base stations to ensure seamless communication coverage, especially during high-speed movement.

[0026] The mobile control terminal is also used to allow rail transit management personnel to remotely intervene and adjust communication strategies, thereby improving system response speed and processing efficiency;

[0027] The base station visualization unit is used to display key indicators such as the working status, signal coverage area, network quality, and load of each base station in real time. It provides a human-interactive interface, which allows users to input the base station information they need to query and provides a visualized map or graphical interface to display the geographical location, signal coverage range, and coverage effect of the base station, helping staff to monitor in real time.

[0028] The base station visualization unit is also used to generate reports and analysis charts for long-term data analysis of multiple base station operations, helping to optimize network layout and operation strategies.

[0029] The base station layout management unit is used to design and optimize the layout of base stations according to the geographical characteristics and communication requirements of the rail transit line to ensure full coverage without dead spots.

[0030] Before the base station layout management unit operates, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of different base station locations on network performance based on historical layout data, perform traffic prediction and capacity planning, and adjust the distance and location between base stations.

[0031] When the base station layout management unit is running, it needs to dynamically adjust the base station's operating mode, transmission power, etc., to adapt to different traffic flows and communication needs.

[0032] After the base station layout management unit completes a layout, it needs to provide a base station expansion plan, and provide data support and optimization suggestions for the deployment of new base stations based on changes in future needs.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle communication module includes a vehicle positioning unit, a vehicle communication terminal, a remote communication terminal, and a signal connection unit. The remote communication terminal and the signal connection unit are bidirectionally connected, and the output terminals of the vehicle positioning unit and the vehicle communication terminal are both connected to the input terminal of the remote communication terminal.

[0034] The on-board positioning unit is used to determine the geographical location of rail transit vehicles in real time, and accurately obtains vehicle location data through positioning technologies such as GPS and inertial navigation.

[0035] The vehicle positioning unit is also used to assist the vehicle in route planning and navigation based on the real-time location, ensuring that the vehicle travels along the predetermined route and avoids deviating from the track.

[0036] The on-board positioning unit is also used to record data such as the running trajectory and speed of rail transit vehicles, providing a basis for future operation analysis, maintenance and optimization;

[0037] The vehicle-mounted communication terminal is used to transmit data collected by vehicle-mounted equipment or sensors, such as vehicle position, speed, and environmental monitoring information, to the remote control terminal, and to receive instructions and information from the ground base station.

[0038] The vehicle-mounted communication terminal is also used to switch between multiple base stations to ensure uninterrupted communication while the vehicle moves on different track sections and in different areas;

[0039] The vehicle-mounted communication terminal is also used to monitor the working status of the vehicle-mounted communication terminal in real time, detect problems such as signal quality degradation and communication interruption in a timely manner, and send a fault report to the remote communication terminal through a remote alarm device.

[0040] The remote communication terminal is used to communicate with the vehicle-mounted communication terminal in real time, monitor various parts of the rail transit network, especially the communication status between the vehicle and the base station, and allow staff to remotely manage the communication network and optimize network performance.

[0041] The remote communication terminal is also used to receive alarm signals and perform fault diagnosis in a timely manner when the vehicle communication terminal reports a fault or signal quality degradation, and to take remote repair measures or issue on-site repair instructions.

[0042] The signal connection unit is used to select the optimal transmission path according to different communication environments, avoid signal attenuation, interference and other problems, and improve the stability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0043] The signal connection unit is also used to support signal conversion between different frequency bands, ensuring that the communication coverage device is compatible with multiple communication protocols and frequency bands to meet the needs of rail transit networks.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the communication signal monitoring module includes a communication signal monitoring unit, a rail transit data acquisition unit, a cloud layout communication unit, and an anti-interference unit. The anti-interference unit is integrated inside the cloud layout communication unit, and the output terminals of the communication signal monitoring unit and the rail transit data acquisition unit are both communicatively connected to the input terminal of the cloud layout communication unit.

[0045] The communication signal monitoring unit is used to detect the strength, stability and quality of the communication signal in the communication coverage device in real time, and to ensure the smooth operation of the communication link by monitoring the signal connection between the vehicle-mounted equipment and the ground base station.

[0046] The communication signal monitoring unit is also used to collect and analyze communication signal data, generate reports, help staff assess network quality, and guide device optimization.

[0047] The rail transit data acquisition unit is used to collect relevant data from various sensors, monitoring equipment and vehicle terminals during the operation of the communication coverage device, such as vehicle speed, location and operating status.

[0048] The rail transit data acquisition unit is also used to acquire data related to the rail transit operating environment, such as weather conditions and road conditions, to provide the system with more comprehensive operating data.

[0049] The cloud layout communication unit is used to generate a cloud platform, upload the collected data to the cloud platform, perform big data analysis and processing, and efficiently process large amounts of data through cloud computing technology while achieving real-time storage and access.

[0050] The cloud-based communication unit is also used to dynamically schedule communication network resources based on real-time data and demand, optimize the allocation of bandwidth and spectrum resources, improve network performance and stability, and manage and coordinate multiple communication nodes through the cloud platform to ensure seamless coverage and stable connection in a large-scale rail transit network.

[0051] The anti-interference unit is used to detect in real time whether the communication signal in the communication coverage device is affected by external interference, especially common problems such as electromagnetic interference, and take timely measures to reduce or eliminate the interference. By adopting anti-interference technologies, such as frequency switching and signal encryption, the clarity and reliability of the communication signal are ensured.

[0052] The anti-interference unit is also used to locate and identify possible interference sources, and through signal positioning technology, it helps operators to take timely technical measures to prevent interference from affecting communication quality.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the environmental coverage simulation module includes an environmental factor simulation unit, a coverage area simulation unit, a regional comparison unit, and a manual preset unit. The outputs of the environmental factor simulation unit and the coverage area simulation unit are both communicatively connected to the input of the regional comparison unit, and the regional comparison unit and the manual preset unit are bidirectionally communicatively connected.

[0054] The environmental factor simulation unit is used to simulate the impact of different environmental factors on the transmission of communication signals in the communication coverage device, and to help evaluate the performance of the communication coverage device in various environments. Different environmental factors include climate change, electromagnetic interference, geographical obstacles, etc.

[0055] The environmental factor simulation unit is also used to provide optimization suggestions based on the simulated environmental factors, such as adjusting the base station location and signal frequency, to enhance the robustness and adaptability of the communication coverage device.

[0056] The coverage simulation unit is used to calculate the coverage range of communication signals in the communication coverage device and to evaluate whether the existing base station layout or other communication equipment can meet the requirements of full network coverage.

[0057] The coverage simulation unit is also used to optimize the layout of base stations or add relay sites based on the simulation results, so as to ensure the coverage stability of the communication coverage device in different road sections and under different signal environments.

[0058] The area comparison unit is used to compare the communication signal quality between different areas of the communication coverage device, such as the signal strength and stability in different environments like stations, tunnels, and track gaps. Through comparative analysis, it identifies areas in the communication coverage device with poor signal coverage or blind spots and proposes optimization measures.

[0059] The manual preset unit allows staff to manually adjust various parameters of the communication system, such as frequency, power, and bandwidth, according to actual needs to meet the communication requirements of specific areas. Through manual preset, staff can set specific communication coverage targets for different rail transit areas.

[0060] The manual preset unit is also used to optimize the allocation of communication resources according to operational needs or changes in the external environment, so as to ensure that the communication coverage device can operate efficiently under various conditions.

[0061] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting up a communication base station control terminal, an on-board communication module, a communication signal monitoring module, and an environmental coverage simulation module, this invention constructs a complete communication coverage device. Through multiple means such as dynamic adjustment of base stations, vehicle route planning, real-time monitoring, and environmental factor simulation, this solution ensures that the communication network in the rail transit system can provide stable and continuous coverage under complex geographical and environmental conditions. Through the collaborative work of the system, communication blind spots or areas with poor signal quality can be identified and repaired in a timely manner, reducing system failure rates and improving passenger experience. Through real-time data collection and feedback from the onboard communication module and communication signal monitoring module, the system can adjust parameters such as the base station's operating mode, transmission power, and signal frequency in a timely manner to ensure communication quality and stability. Data uploading and the use of the cloud platform further enhance the dynamic optimization of network performance. Especially in high-speed driving and complex terrain environments, the combination of the base station visualization unit and the cloud platform can generate intuitive maps and analysis charts, helping staff monitor and evaluate the base station's operating status, signal quality, and network load, providing a basis for decision-making, thereby further optimizing network layout and operation strategies. Managing, visualizing, and storing the communication data and corresponding analysis results of rail transit helps to realize the communication coverage management of rail transit through IoT cloud control, improving the intelligent level of communication coverage management of rail transit. Attached image description:

[0062] For ease of explanation, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a communication coverage method and device for rail transit according to the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a topological diagram of the overall communication coverage device structure of a communication coverage method and device for rail transit according to the present invention. Detailed implementation method:

[0065] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the specific implementation adopts the following technical solution:

[0066] A communication coverage method for rail transit includes the following specific steps:

[0067] S1. Construct the coverage device, design an initial base station distribution scheme based on the geographical characteristics of the rail transit line and historical communication data, and display the key indicators of each base station in real time.

[0068] Key indicators for base stations include the base station's operating status, signal coverage area, network quality, and load status. These key indicators can be manually reduced or added.

[0069] S2. Determine the geographical location of the rail transit vehicle, assist the vehicle in route planning and navigation based on the real-time location, monitor the working status of the on-board communication terminal in real time, select the optimal transmission path according to different communication environments, and ensure that the communication coverage device can be compatible with multiple communication protocols and frequency bands.

[0070] S3. Collect relevant data from various sensors, monitoring equipment and vehicle terminals, remotely monitor the operating parameters of each base station, dynamically adjust the working mode and transmission power, and detect in real time whether the communication signal in the communication coverage device is affected by external interference.

[0071] The relevant data includes information such as vehicle speed, location, and operating status. This data can be manually deleted or added.

[0072] Various sensors include temperature sensors, position sensors, current sensors, noise sensors, and vibration sensors;

[0073] S4. Manually adjust various parameters of the communication system according to actual needs, simulate the impact of different environmental factors on the transmission of communication signals in the communication coverage device, calculate the coverage range of communication signals in the communication coverage device in real time, and identify areas with poor signal coverage or blind spots in the communication coverage device by comparing the communication signal quality between different areas of the communication coverage device.

[0074] The parameters include frequency, power, and bandwidth, and each parameter can be manually deleted or added.

[0075] A communication coverage device for rail transit includes a communication base station control terminal, an on-board communication module, a communication signal monitoring module, and an environmental coverage simulation module. The communication signal monitoring module maintains real-time data communication and sharing with the communication base station control terminal, the on-board communication module, and the environmental coverage simulation module via the Internet of Things.

[0076] On-site and remote staff manage the required power equipment in a unified manner. After testing and confirming that all equipment is in normal working order, the communication coverage device is activated.

[0077] 100. Staff members can access the communication coverage device by logging into the communication base station control terminal and view the real-time operating data of the vehicle-mounted communication module, the communication signal monitoring module, and the environmental coverage simulation module one by one. The output terminal of the communication signal monitoring module is connected to the input terminal of the vehicle-mounted communication module, and the output terminals of the vehicle-mounted communication module and the environmental coverage simulation module are both connected to the input terminal of the communication base station control terminal.

[0078] 101. The communication base station control terminal includes a remote communication base station control unit, a mobile control terminal, a base station visualization unit, and a base station layout management unit. The communication coverage device maintains a bidirectional communication connection between the remote communication base station control unit and the mobile control terminal. The communication coverage device maintains a communication connection between the output terminals of the remote communication base station control unit and the mobile control terminal and the input terminal of the base station visualization unit. The communication coverage device maintains a communication connection between the output terminal of the base station layout management unit and the input terminal of the base station visualization unit.

[0079] 102. The communication coverage device controls the remote communication base station control unit to monitor the operating status of each base station in real time, including parameters such as signal strength, network load, and transmission quality.

[0080] 103. The communication coverage device controls the remote communication base station control unit to remotely adjust the base station's operating parameters to ensure communication quality and network stability;

[0081] 104. The communication coverage device controls the remote communication base station control unit to manage the start and stop of the base station, ensuring that the system is adjusted as needed and avoiding resource waste or coverage gaps;

[0082] 105. The communication coverage device controls the mobile control terminal to monitor the communication quality between the vehicle and the base station in real time, and makes appropriate adjustments based on signal strength and network status;

[0083] 106. The communication coverage device control mobile control terminal is also used to control and optimize the handover between rail transit vehicles and different base stations to ensure seamless communication coverage, especially during high-speed movement.

[0084] 107. The communication coverage device controls the mobile control terminal, which also allows rail transit management personnel to remotely intervene and adjust communication strategies, improving system response speed and processing efficiency;

[0085] 108. The communication coverage device control base station visualization unit displays key indicators such as the working status, signal coverage area, network quality, and load of each base station in real time. It provides a human-interactive interface, which provides a visual map or graphical interface to display the geographical location, signal coverage range, and coverage effect of the base station by inputting the base station information to be queried, so as to help staff monitor in real time.

[0086] 109. The communication coverage device control base station visualization unit also generates reports and analysis charts for long-term data analysis of multiple base station operations, helping to optimize network layout and operation strategies;

[0087] 110. The communication coverage device control base station layout management unit designs and optimizes the layout of base stations according to the geographical characteristics and communication needs of the rail transit line to ensure full coverage without dead spots.

[0088] 111. Before the base station layout management unit operates, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of different base station locations on network performance based on historical layout data, perform traffic prediction and capacity planning, and adjust the distance and location between base stations.

[0089] When the base station layout management unit is running, it needs to dynamically adjust the base station's operating mode, transmission power, etc., to adapt to different traffic flows and communication needs.

[0090] After the base station layout management unit completes a layout, it needs to provide a base station expansion plan, and provide data support and optimization suggestions for the deployment of new base stations based on changes in future needs.

[0091] 200. The communication signal monitoring module includes a communication signal monitoring unit, a rail transit data acquisition unit, a cloud layout communication unit, and an anti-interference unit. The communication coverage device keeps the anti-interference unit integrated inside the cloud layout communication unit. The communication coverage device keeps the output terminals of the communication signal monitoring unit and the rail transit data acquisition unit connected to the input terminal of the cloud layout communication unit.

[0092] 201. The communication coverage device controls the communication signal monitoring unit to detect the strength, stability and quality of the communication signal in the communication coverage device in real time, and ensures the smooth operation of the communication link by monitoring the signal connection between the vehicle-mounted equipment and the ground base station;

[0093] 202. The communication coverage device controls the communication signal monitoring unit to collect and analyze communication signal data, generate reports, help staff assess network quality, and guide device optimization;

[0094] 203. The communication coverage device controls the rail transit data acquisition unit to collect relevant data from various sensors, monitoring equipment and vehicle terminals during the operation of the communication coverage device, such as vehicle speed, position, and operating status.

[0095] 204. The communication coverage device controls the rail transit data acquisition unit to acquire data related to the rail transit operating environment, such as weather conditions and road conditions, to provide the system with more comprehensive operating data;

[0096] 205. The communication coverage device controls the cloud layout communication unit to generate a cloud platform, uploads the collected data to the cloud platform for big data analysis and processing, and efficiently processes large amounts of data through cloud computing technology while realizing real-time storage and access.

[0097] 206. The communication coverage device control cloud layout communication unit dynamically schedules communication network resources according to real-time data and demand, optimizes the allocation of bandwidth and spectrum resources, improves network performance and stability, and manages and coordinates multiple communication nodes through the cloud platform to ensure seamless coverage and stable connection in a large-scale rail transit network.

[0098] 207. The communication coverage device control anti-interference unit detects in real time whether the communication signal in the communication coverage device is subject to external interference, especially common problems such as electromagnetic interference, and takes timely measures to reduce or eliminate interference. By adopting anti-interference technologies, such as frequency switching and signal encryption, the clarity and reliability of the communication signal are ensured.

[0099] 208. The communication coverage device controls the anti-interference unit to locate and identify possible interference sources. Through signal positioning technology, it helps the operator to take timely technical measures to prevent interference from affecting communication quality.

[0100] 300. The vehicle-mounted communication module includes a vehicle-mounted positioning unit, a vehicle-mounted communication terminal, a remote communication terminal, and a signal connection unit. The communication coverage device maintains a bidirectional communication connection between the remote communication terminal and the signal connection unit. The communication coverage device maintains a communication connection between the output terminals of the vehicle-mounted positioning unit and the vehicle-mounted communication terminal and the input terminal of the remote communication terminal.

[0101] 301. The communication coverage device controls the on-board positioning unit to determine the geographical location of the rail transit vehicle in real time, and accurately obtains the vehicle's location data through positioning technologies such as GPS and inertial navigation;

[0102] 302. The communication coverage device controls the vehicle positioning unit to assist the vehicle in route planning and navigation based on the real-time location, ensuring that the vehicle travels along the predetermined route and avoids deviating from the track;

[0103] 303. The communication coverage device controls the on-board positioning unit to record data such as the running trajectory and speed of rail transit vehicles, providing a basis for future operation analysis, maintenance and optimization;

[0104] 304. The communication coverage device controls the vehicle-mounted communication terminal to transmit data collected by the vehicle-mounted equipment or sensors, such as vehicle position, speed, and environmental monitoring information, to the remote control terminal, and to receive instructions and information from the ground base station;

[0105] 305. The communication coverage device controls the vehicle-mounted communication terminal to switch between multiple base stations to ensure uninterrupted communication as the vehicle moves through different track sections and areas;

[0106] 306. The communication coverage device controls the vehicle-mounted communication terminal to monitor the working status of the vehicle-mounted communication terminal in real time, detect problems such as signal quality degradation and communication interruption in a timely manner, and send a fault report to the remote communication terminal through the remote alarm device;

[0107] 307. The communication coverage device controls the remote communication terminal to communicate with the vehicle-mounted communication terminal in real time, monitors various parts of the rail transit network, especially the communication status between vehicles and base stations, and allows staff to remotely manage the communication network and optimize network performance.

[0108] 308. When the vehicle-mounted communication terminal reports a fault or a decrease in signal quality, the remote communication terminal can promptly receive the alarm signal and perform fault diagnosis, take remote repair measures, or issue on-site repair instructions.

[0109] 309. The communication coverage device control signal connection unit selects the optimal transmission path according to different communication environments to avoid signal attenuation, interference and other problems, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0110] 310. The communication coverage device control signal connection unit supports signal conversion of different frequency bands, ensuring that the communication coverage device is compatible with multiple communication protocols and frequency bands to meet the needs of the rail transit network.

[0111] 400. The environmental coverage simulation module includes an environmental factor simulation unit, a coverage range simulation unit, a regional comparison unit, and a manual preset unit. The communication coverage device maintains communication between the output terminals of the environmental factor simulation unit and the coverage range simulation unit and the input terminal of the regional comparison unit. The communication coverage device controls and maintains bidirectional communication between the regional comparison unit and the manual preset unit.

[0112] 401. The communication coverage device control environment factor simulation unit simulates the impact of different environmental factors on the transmission of communication signals in the communication coverage device, and helps to evaluate the performance of the communication coverage device in various environments. Different environmental factors include climate change, electromagnetic interference, geographical obstacles, etc.

[0113] 402. The communication coverage device control environment factor simulation unit provides optimization suggestions based on simulated environmental factors, such as adjusting base station location and signal frequency, to enhance the robustness and adaptability of the communication coverage device.

[0114] 403. The communication coverage device control coverage range simulation unit calculates the coverage range of the communication signal in the communication coverage device and evaluates whether the existing base station layout or other communication equipment can meet the network coverage requirements.

[0115] 404. The communication coverage device control coverage range simulation unit optimizes the layout of base stations or adds relay sites based on the simulation results to ensure the coverage stability of the communication coverage device in different road sections and under different signal environments.

[0116] 405. The communication coverage device control area comparison unit compares the communication signal quality between different areas of the communication coverage device, such as the signal strength and stability in different environments like stations, tunnels, and track gaps. Through comparative analysis, it identifies areas in the communication coverage device with poor signal coverage or blind spots and proposes optimization measures.

[0117] 406. The communication coverage device control manual preset unit allows staff to manually adjust various parameters of the communication system, such as frequency, power, and bandwidth, according to actual needs to meet the communication requirements of specific areas. Through manual preset, staff can set specific communication coverage targets for different rail transit areas.

[0118] 407. The communication coverage device control manual preset unit optimizes the allocation of communication resources according to operational needs or changes in the external environment, ensuring that the communication coverage device can operate efficiently under various conditions.

[0119] Example

[0120] Assume a city communication coverage device (such as a subway or light rail) with a line length of 20 kilometers, a train speed of 80 km / h (approximately 22.22 m / s), and 5 communication base stations (BS1, BS2, BS3, BS4, BS5) deployed along the line, with a base station spacing of approximately 4 kilometers (based on coverage radius and overlap design). The train is equipped with an onboard communication unit to communicate with the base stations in real time.

[0121] The remote communication base station control unit monitors the signal strength, network load, and transmission quality of all base stations, and remotely adjusts the transmission power of BS2 to cope with the load during peak hours;

[0122] The mobile control terminal is installed inside the train (or in the central control center) to monitor the communication quality (such as signal strength RSS) between the train and the base station in real time, and uses a handover decision formula to optimize the handover process from BS2 to BS3 to prevent handover failure or communication interruption.

[0123] The base station visualization unit displays the base station status (such as high load on BS2 and strong signal coverage on BS3) on the large screen in the control center, provides an interactive map to help staff visualize the handover process, and generates a handover success rate report.

[0124] The base station layout management unit optimizes the base station location based on historical data (such as traffic records from the past year) (e.g., shifting BS3 100 meters towards a high-traffic area) and dynamically adjusts the working mode of BS3 (e.g., switching from energy-saving mode to high-performance mode).

[0125] When a train moves at high speed from the BS2 coverage area to the BS3 coverage area, signal strength fluctuations may cause handover delays. The mobile control terminal calculates the optimal handover point using a formula to ensure seamless handover.

[0126] Specific steps:

[0127] 1. The train is located in the center of the BS2 coverage area, with a speed of 80 km / h.

[0128] The mobile control terminal collects data in real time, including the signal strength of the current base station (BS2) (RSS_BS2), the signal strength of the neighboring base station (BS3) (RSS_BS3), the train speed (v), the network load (L_BS2), and the timestamp (t);

[0129] The base station visualization unit shows that the signal strength of BS2 is -70dBm (good) and BS3 is -90dBm (weak). The coverage map shows that the train is approaching the edge of BS2.

[0130] 2. When the train is 500 meters from the edge of BS2 (based on GPS location), the mobile control terminal detects that RSS_BS2 begins to decrease (e.g., from -70dBm to -85dBm), while RSS_BS3 increases (from -90dBm to -80dBm). The mobile control terminal then initiates the handover decision formula to calculate whether to trigger a handover. At the same time, the mobile control terminal provides data feedback: if the calculation shows a handover risk, it sends an alarm (e.g., "handover delay risk") to the base station visualization unit to notify the operator.

[0131] 3. The mobile control terminal uses the following formula to calculate the handover decision index (HO_Index), which is based on signal strength difference, speed compensation, and network load factor to determine the optimal handover time:

[0132] in:

[0133] HO_Index: Switching decision metric (dimensionless). If HO_Index>1, the switch is triggered immediately; if 0≤HO_Index≤1, the switch is delayed and continuous monitoring is performed; if HO_Index<0, the switch is not performed.

[0134] RSS_neighbor: Received signal strength of neighboring base stations (BS3) (unit: dBm), reflecting the signal quality of the target base station. The higher the value, the stronger the signal (e.g., -80dBm).

[0135] RSS_current: The received signal strength of the current base station (BS2) (unit: dBm), which reflects the stability of the current connection. The lower the value, the weaker the signal (e.g., -85dBm).

[0136] Hysteresis: Hysteresis margin (unit: dB), which is a preset constant (e.g., 3dB) that reduces false handovers caused by signal fluctuations by increasing the handover threshold;

[0137] v: Train speed (unit: m / s). High-speed movement requires advance switching, so it is used as a compensation factor (e.g., 22.22 m / s).

[0138] k: Speed ​​compensation coefficient (unit: s / m), empirical value (e.g., 0.05 s / m), representing the weight of speed on handover. The larger the k, the earlier the handover occurs at high speeds.

[0139] L_current: The network load of the current base station (BS2) (dimensionless, ranging from 0 to 1, e.g., 0.7 represents 70% load). High load can cause handover delays, therefore it is a negative factor.

[0140] α: Load impact coefficient (unit: dimensionless), preset constant (e.g., 0.5), representing the sensitivity of the load to switching decisions. The larger α is, the more cautious the switching is under high load.

[0141] 4. Input parameters:

[0142] RSS_current(BS2) = -85dBm

[0143] RSS_neighbor(BS3) = -80dBm

[0144] Hysteresis = 3dB (default)

[0145] v = 22.22 m / s (80 km / h)

[0146] k = 0.05 s / m (calibrated based on historical handover success rate data)

[0147] L_current = 0.7 (BS2 load 70%)

[0148] α = 0.5 (preset);

[0149] Since HO_Index = 2.428 > 1, the mobile control terminal immediately triggers a handover from BS2 to BS3.

[0150] Conclusion: The handover is completed when the train is about 300 meters away from BS3 (based on location prediction), and the communication interruption time is <50ms (meeting the seamless coverage requirement). If the formula is not used (based only on RSS threshold), the handover may be delayed, resulting in signal interruption.

[0151] By quantifying the handover decision using formulas, manual intervention is reduced, and the handover success rate is increased from 90% to 98% (based on simulation data). Resource waste is also reduced (base station start-up and shutdown management is optimized). The speed compensation (k·v) in the formula directly addresses the high-speed characteristics of rail transit, and the load factor (α·L_current) reflects the network state adjustment.

[0152] The on-board positioning unit is used to acquire the train's geographical location and speed (v) in real time, providing key dynamic data for the switching decision formula (HO_Index) of the mobile control terminal;

[0153] For example, in the embodiment, the train speed v = 22.22 m / s and position (500 meters from the edge of BS2) both come from this unit;

[0154] The vehicle-mounted positioning unit is also used to predict the coverage blind spots of the base stations ahead (such as tunnels and curves) based on the predetermined route, and trigger the handover algorithm to optimize in advance;

[0155] The vehicle-mounted positioning unit is also used to store historical operating trajectories and speed data, which are then used by the base station layout management unit to optimize the base station location (e.g., adjust the BS3 offset by 100 meters).

[0156] The vehicle-mounted communication terminal is used to execute handover commands, directly receiving the handover decision result from the mobile control terminal (e.g., when HO_Index>1), and controlling the vehicle-mounted equipment to switch from BS2 to BS3.

[0157] The vehicle-mounted communication terminal is also used to monitor the signal quality during the handover process (such as changes in RSS_BS3). If the signal strength after the handover does not meet expectations (such as <-90dBm), a fault report is immediately sent to the remote communication terminal.

[0158] During HO_Index calculation, detect the risk of communication interruption and trigger an alarm (such as "handover delay risk" in implementation);

[0159] The vehicle-mounted communication terminal is also used to transmit the position / speed data and sensor information of the vehicle-mounted positioning unit to the base station visualization unit and the remote communication terminal in real time;

[0160] The remote communication terminal is used to receive alarms from the vehicle communication terminal (such as signal quality degradation) and notify the remote communication base station control unit to dynamically adjust the base station parameters (such as increasing the BS3 transmission power by 5% during implementation).

[0161] When the network load (L_current) on which HO_Index calculation depends is abnormal, remotely intervene in the base station's operating mode (such as switching BS3 to high-performance mode);

[0162] The remote communication terminal is also used to analyze the cause of the fault (such as base station overload or hardware failure) if the handover fails and communication is interrupted, remotely restart the base station or assign maintenance, receive reports from the signal connection unit (such as frequency band interference), and coordinate the base station to switch communication frequency bands.

[0163] The signal connection unit is used to dynamically select the optimal transmission path during the handover process (such as avoiding high attenuation frequency bands in the tunnel) to ensure that the connection is completed within 50ms after the HO_Index triggers the handover.

[0164] The signal connection unit is also used for multi-band adaptation. If the train enters a multi-protocol coverage area (such as switching from 4G to 5G base station), it automatically switches the communication protocol to avoid distortion of the RSS value in the formula.

[0165] The signal connection unit is also used to detect signal interference (such as electromagnetic noise) in real time, adjust the transmission path to improve the reliability of RSS_neighbor / RSS_current data, and ensure the accuracy of HO_Index calculation.

[0166] The communication signal monitoring unit is used to directly monitor the signal strength (RSS) and transmission stability (such as bit error rate) between the train and the base station, and provides real-time input of RSS_neighbor (BS3 signal) and RSS_current (BS2 signal) for the handover decision formula HO_Index=((RSS_neighbor-RSS_current) / Hysteresis)+k×v-α×L_current of the mobile control terminal.

[0167] Example: Formula calculation is triggered when RSS_current is detected to drop from -70dBm to -85dBm.

[0168] The communication signal monitoring unit is also used to verify the quality of the communication link after the handover is completed (such as whether the interruption time <50ms meets the standard) and generate a report for the base station visualization unit to display.

[0169] The rail transit data acquisition unit is used to collect real-time train speed (v) (used in the k×v term of the formula), location (to predict switching points), and meteorological data (such as signal attenuation of 20% due to heavy rain), and to correct formula parameters (such as automatically increasing the k value to cope with severe weather).

[0170] The rail transit data acquisition unit is also used to integrate on-board sensor data (such as gyroscope detection of centrifugal force on curves), predict signal blockage caused by track curvature, and trigger the anti-interference unit to start frequency switching in advance.

[0171] The cloud-based communication unit is used to dynamically adjust formula parameters: based on historical switching data (such as 100,000 HO_Index records), Hysteresis (hysteresis margin) and α (load factor) are optimized through machine learning;

[0172] Example: During peak hours, the hysteresis level is automatically reduced from 3dB to 2dB to speed up the switching process;

[0173] The cloud-based communication unit is also used to dynamically allocate frequency bands to avoid congestion when multiple trains switch to BS3 at the same time, ensuring that L_current (load) in the formula does not exceed the threshold.

[0174] The cloud layout communication unit is used to push the location of the interference source detected by the anti-interference unit (such as the coordinates of the high-voltage line) to the base station layout management unit, triggering the base station position offset (such as the recommended BS3 to be moved 100 meters in implementation).

[0175] The anti-interference unit is used to initiate frequency switching (such as switching from 2.4GHz to 5.8GHz) in areas with strong interference, such as tunnels, to ensure that RSS_neighbor / RSS_current data is not contaminated by noise.

[0176] The anti-interference unit is also used to prevent malicious interference from causing HO_Index abnormalities (such as false high RSS inducing premature switching);

[0177] If the signal suddenly drops after switching (e.g., RSS_BS3 deteriorates from -80dBm to -100dBm), immediately scan to locate the source of interference (e.g., a faulty frequency converter) and notify the remote communication terminal to cut off the power supply to the source of interference.

[0178] Technical comparison table:

[0179]

[0180] Specifically, in practical applications, multiple communication signal monitoring modules are used in conjunction with the communication base station control terminal, the vehicle-mounted communication communication module, and the environmental coverage simulation module. These multiple communication signal monitoring modules are located in different geographical locations. By setting up the communication base station control terminal, the vehicle-mounted communication communication module, the communication signal monitoring module, and the environmental coverage simulation module, this invention constructs a complete communication coverage device. This solution ensures that the communication network in the rail transit system can provide stable and continuous coverage under complex geographical and environmental conditions through multiple means such as dynamic adjustment of the base station, vehicle route planning, real-time monitoring, and environmental factor simulation. Through the collaborative work of the system, communication blind spots or areas with poor signal quality can be identified and repaired in a timely manner, reducing system failure rates and improving passenger experience. Through real-time data collection and feedback from the onboard communication module and communication signal monitoring module, the system can adjust parameters such as the base station's operating mode, transmission power, and signal frequency in a timely manner to ensure communication quality and stability. Data uploading and the use of the cloud platform further enhance the dynamic optimization of network performance. Especially in high-speed driving and complex terrain environments, the combination of the base station visualization unit and the cloud platform can generate intuitive maps and analysis charts, helping staff monitor and evaluate the base station's operating status, signal quality, and network load, providing a basis for decision-making, thereby further optimizing network layout and operation strategies. Managing, visualizing, and storing the communication data and corresponding analysis results of rail transit helps to realize the communication coverage management of rail transit through IoT cloud control, improving the intelligent level of communication coverage management of rail transit.

[0181] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0182] The modules serving as the communication base station control terminal, vehicle communication, communication signal monitoring, and environmental coverage simulation may or may not be physically separate. The components displayed as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0183] Furthermore, it should be noted that the combination of the various technical features in this case is not limited to the combination methods described in the claims of this case or the combination methods described in the specific embodiments. All technical features described in this case can be freely combined or combined in any way, unless they contradict each other.

[0184] It should be noted that the above examples are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is obviously not limited to the above embodiments, with many similar variations. All modifications that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in this invention should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0185] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication coverage method for rail transit, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: S1. Construct the coverage device, design an initial base station distribution scheme based on the geographical characteristics of the rail transit line and historical communication data, and display the key indicators of each base station in real time. S2. Determine the geographical location of the rail transit vehicle, assist the vehicle in route planning and navigation based on the real-time location, monitor the working status of the on-board communication terminal in real time, select the optimal transmission path according to different communication environments, and ensure that the communication coverage device can be compatible with multiple communication protocols and frequency bands. S3. Collect relevant data from various sensors, monitoring equipment and vehicle terminals, remotely monitor the operating parameters of each base station, dynamically adjust the working mode and transmission power, and detect in real time whether the communication signal in the communication coverage device is affected by external interference. S4. Manually adjust various parameters of the communication system according to actual needs, simulate the impact of different environmental factors on the transmission of communication signals in the communication coverage device, calculate the coverage range of communication signals in the communication coverage device in real time, and identify areas with poor signal coverage or blind spots in the communication coverage device by comparing the communication signal quality between different areas of the communication coverage device.

2. The communication coverage method for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The key indicators of the base station in step S1 include the base station's operating status, signal coverage area, network quality, and load status.

3. The communication coverage method for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relevant data in step S3 includes information such as the vehicle's speed, location, and operating status.

4. The communication coverage method for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The various sensors in step S3 include temperature sensors, position sensors, current sensors, noise sensors, and vibration sensors.

5. The communication coverage method for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters in step S4 include frequency, power, and bandwidth.

6. A communication coverage device for rail transit, used to implement a communication coverage method for rail transit as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The communication coverage device includes a communication base station control terminal, a vehicle-mounted communication module, a communication signal monitoring module, and an environmental coverage simulation module. The communication signal monitoring module maintains real-time data communication and sharing with the communication base station control terminal, the vehicle-mounted communication module, and the environmental coverage simulation module via the Internet of Things. Staff can log in to the communication base station control terminal to access the communication coverage device and view the real-time operating data of the vehicle-mounted communication module, the communication signal monitoring module, and the environmental coverage simulation module. The output terminal of the communication signal monitoring module is communicatively connected to the input terminal of the vehicle-mounted communication module, and the output terminals of both the vehicle-mounted communication module and the environmental coverage simulation module are communicatively connected to the input terminal of the communication base station control terminal.

7. The communication coverage device for rail transit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication base station control terminal includes a remote communication base station control unit, a mobile control terminal, a base station visualization unit, and a base station layout management unit. The remote communication base station control unit and the mobile control terminal are bidirectionally connected. The output terminals of both the remote communication base station control unit and the mobile control terminal are connected to the input terminal of the base station visualization unit. The output terminal of the base station layout management unit is connected to the input terminal of the base station visualization unit. The remote communication base station control unit is used to monitor the operating status of each base station in real time. The mobile control terminal is used to monitor the communication quality between the vehicle and the base station in real time, and make appropriate adjustments based on signal strength and network status. The base station visualization unit is used to display key indicators such as the working status, signal coverage area, network quality, and load of each base station in real time, and provides a human-interactive interface. By inputting the base station information to be queried, a visualized map or graphical interface is provided. The base station layout management unit is used to design and optimize the layout of base stations according to the geographical characteristics and communication needs of the rail transit line, so as to ensure full coverage without dead spots.

8. The communication coverage device for rail transit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vehicle communication module includes a vehicle positioning unit, a vehicle communication terminal, a remote communication terminal, and a signal connection unit. The remote communication terminal and the signal connection unit are bidirectionally connected, and the output terminals of the vehicle positioning unit and the vehicle communication terminal are both connected to the input terminal of the remote communication terminal. The on-board positioning unit is used to determine the geographical location of rail transit vehicles in real time, and accurately obtains the vehicle's location data through positioning technologies such as GPS and inertial navigation. The vehicle-mounted communication terminal is used to transmit data collected by vehicle-mounted equipment or sensors, such as vehicle position, speed, and environmental monitoring information, to the remote control terminal, and to receive instructions and information from the ground base station. The remote communication terminal is used to communicate with the vehicle-mounted communication terminal in real time to monitor various parts of the rail transit network, especially the communication status between the vehicle and the base station. The signal connection unit is used to select the optimal transmission path according to different communication environments, so as to avoid problems such as signal attenuation and interference.

9. The communication coverage device for rail transit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication signal monitoring module includes a communication signal monitoring unit, a rail transit data acquisition unit, a cloud layout communication unit, and an anti-interference unit. The anti-interference unit is integrated inside the cloud layout communication unit. The output terminals of the communication signal monitoring unit and the rail transit data acquisition unit are both communicatively connected to the input terminal of the cloud layout communication unit. The communication signal monitoring unit is used to detect the strength, stability and quality of communication signals in the communication coverage device in real time, and to monitor the signal connection between the vehicle-mounted equipment and the ground base station. The rail transit data acquisition unit is used to collect relevant data from various sensors, monitoring equipment and vehicle terminals during the operation of the communication coverage device; The cloud layout communication unit is used to generate a cloud platform, upload the collected data to the cloud platform, perform big data analysis and processing, and efficiently process large amounts of data through cloud computing technology while achieving real-time storage and access. The anti-interference unit is used to detect in real time whether the communication signal in the communication coverage device is subject to external interference.

10. The communication coverage device for rail transit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The environmental coverage simulation module includes an environmental factor simulation unit, a coverage area simulation unit, a regional comparison unit, and a manual preset unit. The outputs of the environmental factor simulation unit and the coverage area simulation unit are both communicatively connected to the input of the regional comparison unit. The regional comparison unit and the manual preset unit are bidirectionally communicatively connected. The environmental factor simulation unit is used to simulate the impact of different environmental factors on the transmission of communication signals in the communication coverage device. The coverage simulation unit is used to calculate the coverage range of communication signals in the communication coverage device; The area comparison unit is used to compare the communication signal quality between different areas of the communication coverage device; The manual preset unit allows staff to manually adjust various parameters of the communication system according to actual needs.

Images