Gas monitoring and early warning method for cultural relics in corrosive microenvironment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microenvironment gas monitoring, in particular to a gas monitoring and early warning method for cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment, which comprises the following steps: arranging a gas detection device in a cultural relic preservation area, the method comprises the following steps: covering a space in which a cultural relic is located to obtain gas related data in the space, and setting a data interval conforming to a storage standard on the basis; and the data transmission module is used for transmitting the screened gas related data acquired by the gas detection device to the data processing and analyzing unit. In the invention, through the four steps of arranging the gas detection device, transmitting data, analyzing and processing the data and starting the early warning module, the problem that the traditional cultural relic gas monitoring method mostly adopts a simple sensor to be combined with manual regular data checking is solved; as the gas concentration change cannot be comprehensively mastered in real time and an intelligent analysis, judgment and early warning mechanism is lacked, the corrosion risk of the cultural relics is difficult to control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microenvironment gas monitoring technology, and in particular to a method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in corrosive microenvironments. Background Technology

[0002] In cultural relic preservation, the microenvironment in which a relic exists plays a crucial role in its preservation status. In particular, corrosive gases, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic acids, which are present in the preservation space for a long time, will gradually erode the material of the relic through chemical reactions, causing irreversible damage such as fading, deterioration, and structural damage.

[0003] These issues have already been considered in existing technologies. For example, the invention patent with patent application number 202110993451.X, "An Atmospheric Pressure Low-Oxygen Nitrogen-Filled Airtight Space for Cultural Relics Protection," discloses an atmospheric pressure low-oxygen nitrogen-filled airtight space for cultural relics protection. This space can be constructed according to the specific conditions of the warehouse and the cultural relics, integrating a 99.99% nitrogen supply system, an oxygen monitoring system, a temperature and humidity monitoring system, a pressure monitoring device, an alarm system, and pipeline valves. The airtight space uses atmospheric pressure nitrogen filling to achieve a trace oxygen concentration, creating a low-oxygen stable environment. For inorganic cultural relics, nitrogen filling and low-oxygen preservation slows down the aging and oxidation rates of the relics. For organic cultural relics, the atmospheric pressure low-oxygen nitrogen-filled airtight space can kill insects, remove mold, provide inert gas protection, prevent aging, prevent fire, prevent photochemical corrosion and acid hydrolysis oxidation reactions, and prevent rodents.

[0004] However, after the equipment is installed, its actual application cannot achieve accurate detection. Traditional methods for monitoring gaseous contamination in cultural relics mostly rely on simple sensors combined with regular manual data checks. Because these methods cannot provide real-time and comprehensive information on gas concentration changes and lack intelligent analysis, judgment, and early warning mechanisms, it becomes difficult to control the risk of corrosion to cultural relics. Furthermore, some cultural relics need to be removed and transported to other locations for exhibition, during which the microenvironment undergoes significant changes, easily causing adverse effects on the relics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this invention provides a gas monitoring and early warning method for cultural relics in corrosive microenvironments. It aims to improve upon the traditional methods for monitoring gas in cultural relics, which mostly rely on simple sensors combined with manual periodic data checks. Due to the inability to fully grasp changes in gas concentration in real time and the lack of intelligent analysis, judgment, and early warning mechanisms, it is difficult to control the risk of corrosion of cultural relics.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. A gas detection device is installed in the cultural relic preservation area. The gas detection device includes a sensor that can detect a variety of corrosive gases, so that it covers the space where the cultural relic is located to obtain gas-related data in the space. Based on this, a data range that meets the storage standards is set.

[0008] S2. Use the data transmission module to transmit the gas-related data collected by the screened gas detection devices to the data processing and analysis unit;

[0009] S3. The data processing and analysis unit analyzes and processes the received gas-related data according to the preset judgment rules, and determines whether the comprehensive parameter evaluation of multiple gases exceeds the preset safety threshold of the corresponding cultural relic.

[0010] S4. When the gas concentration is determined to exceed the preset safety threshold, the early warning module is activated to issue an early warning signal to alert relevant cultural relic protection situations.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the four steps of deploying gas detection devices, transmitting data, analyzing and processing data, and activating the early warning module are implemented, thereby realizing the monitoring and timely early warning of corrosive gas concentrations in the microenvironment of cultural relics. This improves upon the traditional methods of gas monitoring for cultural relics, which mostly rely on simple sensors combined with manual periodic data checks. Due to the inability to fully grasp changes in gas concentration in real time and the lack of intelligent analysis, judgment, and early warning mechanisms, it is difficult to control the risk of corrosion of cultural relics.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the sensors in the gas detection device include a sulfur dioxide sensor, a nitrogen oxide sensor, and a sensor capable of detecting volatile organic acids. These sensors are arranged in an orderly manner at different locations and heights around the artifact to ensure comprehensive collection of gas-related data within the artifact's microenvironment. The artifact preservation space is a three-dimensional environment, and the distribution of corrosive gases is affected by factors such as ventilation and the artifact's placement, resulting in non-uniform distribution and potential airflow dead zones or localized concentration differences. The orderly distribution of sensors covers the entire space surrounding the artifact, avoiding missed detections of localized gas concentrations due to single sensor placement, and ensuring that the collected data reflects the overall gas conditions of the artifact's microenvironment.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the data transmission module uses wireless communication, specifically the ZigBee wireless communication protocol or the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol, to achieve stable and real-time data transmission between the gas detection device and the data processing and analysis unit.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, when the data processing and analysis unit analyzes and processes the gas-related data, it first performs a preprocessing operation on the data, which includes removing outliers from the data and standardizing the data.

[0015] Then, based on the preset algorithm model, the filtered data is comprehensively evaluated and processed, and the data obtained after comprehensive evaluation and processing is compared and analyzed with the preset safety threshold.

[0016] Preferably, the removal of outliers from the data adopts the Grubbs criterion based on statistical principles. By setting a reasonable confidence interval, outliers that do not conform to the normal data distribution pattern are identified and eliminated to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0017] Preferably, step S3 further includes setting a pre-defined safety threshold based on the corrosion resistance characteristics of different cultural relic materials and statistical analysis of historical monitoring data on the preservation environment of cultural relics, and setting differentiated gas concentration safety threshold ranges for different categories of cultural relics and their corresponding material characteristics.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the early warning module includes an audible and visual alarm unit and a remote notification unit. When the early warning is activated, the audible and visual alarm unit issues an audible and visual warning at the site of the cultural relic preservation, and at the same time, the remote notification unit sends a notification message containing key information such as the location of the cultural relic, the type of gas exceeding the threshold, and its concentration to the preset terminal equipment of the cultural relic protection personnel.

[0019] Preferably, the audible and visual alarm intensity of the unit can be manually or automatically adjusted according to the environmental conditions and personnel activities in the cultural relic preservation area, ensuring that the alarm is triggered while avoiding excessive interference to the surrounding environment.

[0020] Preferably, step S4 further includes automatically triggering a corresponding environmental control mechanism after the warning signal is issued. The environmental control mechanism includes activating air purification equipment to purify the air in the cultural relic preservation area or adjusting the operating parameters of the ventilation system to change the air circulation, thereby reducing the impact of corrosive gases on the cultural relic.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a gas monitoring and early warning system for cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment, the system comprising:

[0022] A gas sensor module is used to collect real-time gas concentration data in the corrosive microenvironment of the cultural relic preservation area;

[0023] The data transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the gas sensor module to the data processing module;

[0024] The data processing module is used to analyze and process the received data and determine whether it exceeds the preset security threshold.

[0025] The early warning module is used to issue an early warning signal when the gas concentration exceeds a preset safety threshold.

[0026] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The aforementioned equipment achieves multi-gas collaborative coverage and possesses precise gas monitoring capabilities. The system integrates multiple sensors for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic acids, enabling simultaneous monitoring of the most corrosive gases that pose the greatest threat to cultural relics. For example, sulfur dioxide accelerates metal corrosion, nitrogen oxides damage paper artifacts, and volatile organic acids have a long-term destructive effect on textiles and organic artifacts. This multi-sensor combination enables three-dimensional monitoring of the microenvironment of cultural relics, avoiding blind spots caused by missed detection of a single gas. Furthermore, the sensors are deployed in an orderly distribution around the artifact at different locations and heights. This layout conforms to the geometric accuracy optimization theory of multi-sensor passive positioning, ensuring the spatial representativeness of the monitoring data. For example, in a display case setting, the orderly distribution eliminates airflow dead zones, accurately capturing subtle changes in gas concentration in enclosed environments, thereby promptly identifying potential risks.

[0028] This system achieves abnormal data filtering and standardization. The data preprocessing stage uses the standard deviation method to remove outliers, and standardization unifies data dimensions, significantly improving data reliability. Preprocessing before detection effectively reduces noise caused by sensor malfunctions or environmental interference, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent analysis. During detection, values ​​detected under normal conditions are directly discarded, retaining only abnormal values. Finally, the system uses a pre-set algorithm model to perform a weighted comprehensive evaluation of multiple abnormal gas parameters, rather than judging based on a single gas threshold. This method is closer to the actual damage mechanism of cultural relics, and the comprehensive evaluation model can more accurately identify such complex risks. Furthermore, the safety threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the material characteristics of the cultural relic and historical monitoring data, achieving refined protection with a "one-item-one-policy" approach. Simultaneously, the threshold parameters are optimized through historical data accumulation, forming an adaptive protection mechanism. This improves upon the traditional approach to cultural relic protection, which often relies on experience-based estimations to assess the impact of corrosive gases, resulting in an inability to accurately determine when protective measures are needed due to a lack of accurate data comparison and analysis.

[0029] This invention replaces traditional manual inspections with an automated monitoring and early warning mechanism, while avoiding the subjective errors of human judgment. This efficiency improvement is particularly significant in the management of large museums. Through real-time monitoring and proactive intervention, the system can minimize the damage of corrosive gases to cultural relics, thereby providing a more solid material foundation for cultural heritage preservation. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the gas monitoring and early warning method for cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The module architecture diagram of the gas monitoring and early warning system for cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment, as proposed in this invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the sensor arrangement scheme for the gas monitoring and early warning method for cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a data processing flowchart for the gas monitoring and early warning method for cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment proposed in this invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a multi-path response diagram for the gas monitoring and early warning method for cultural relics in corrosive microenvironments proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] In a first embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics, especially metal cultural relics, in corrosive microenvironments, such as... Figures 1-6 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. Install gas detection devices in the cultural relic preservation area. The gas detection devices include sensors that can detect a variety of corrosive gases, covering the space where the cultural relic is located to obtain gas-related data in the space. Based on this, set a data range that meets the storage standards.

[0040] Furthermore, in step S1, the sensors in the gas detection device include a sulfur dioxide sensor, a nitrogen oxide sensor, and a sensor capable of detecting volatile organic acids.

[0041] Each sensor is set up in an orderly manner at different locations and heights around the cultural relic to ensure comprehensive collection of gas-related data in the microenvironment in which the cultural relic is located.

[0042] Specifically, gas detection devices, including sensors capable of detecting various corrosive gases, are deployed in the cultural relic preservation areas to comprehensively monitor the composition of various corrosive gases that may damage the relics. Corrosive gases in the microenvironment of cultural relics, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic acids, can erode the materials of cultural relics through chemical reactions, leading to deterioration and damage. Through appropriate sensors, these different types of corrosive gases can be detected specifically, allowing for timely understanding of their presence in the microenvironment of the cultural relics. This provides fundamental data support for subsequent assessments of the corrosion risk and the implementation of protective measures.

[0043] The sulfur dioxide sensor detects sulfur dioxide concentration based on its specific sensing principle. It reflects the gas concentration by detecting the change in current generated by the reaction of sulfur dioxide with the electrode surface. The concentration detection and current change satisfy the following relationship: in The sulfur dioxide concentration is represented by k1, which is a coefficient related to the sensor characteristics, and I is the detected current value. The sulfur dioxide concentration can be obtained by calculating the sensor output current value I using the above formula. This result data; the nitrogen oxide sensor also detects nitrogen oxide concentration based on an adapted sensing mechanism, through the reaction of nitrogen oxides with specific reagents to produce luminescence, and the intensity of the luminescence is related to the nitrogen oxide concentration: here Where k is the nitrogen oxide concentration, k2 is a coefficient determined by the sensor and the reaction system, and L is the detected luminescence intensity. Input luminescence intensity L, output the corresponding nitrogen oxide concentration. Sensors for detecting volatile organic acids also utilize their own working principles to obtain concentration information of volatile organic acids. Based on adsorption-desorption combined with optical or electrical detection methods, the relationship between organic acid concentration and detection signal intensity is given by C. 酸 =k3×S,C 酸 The input is the concentration of volatile organic acids, k3 is the correlation coefficient, S is the detection signal intensity, and C is the output after inputting S. 酸 .

[0044] The sensors are strategically positioned at different locations and heights around the artifact to ensure comprehensive collection of gas-related data within its microenvironment. The artifact's preservation space is a three-dimensional environment, and the distribution of corrosive gases within it is not uniform; concentration differences may occur due to factors such as ventilation and the artifact's placement. By rationally arranging sensors at different locations and heights, blind spots can be minimized, resulting in more representative and comprehensive data that accurately reflects the concentration of corrosive gases at various points within the artifact's microenvironment.

[0045] Combining gas concentration data from different locations, the formula is obtained using Kriging interpolation: Z * (x0) is the predicted value at the location to be predicted (x0), n is the number of known sample points involved in the interpolation calculation, and λ i It is assigned to a known sample point x i The weighting coefficients, Z(x) i ) is a known sample point x i The system takes observed values ​​at each sensor location as input, inputs measured gas concentration data at each sensor location, and outputs the continuous gas concentration distribution within the entire cultural relic preservation space through a corresponding calculation model. The calculation involves the calculation of parameters such as spatial covariance. By performing mathematical processing such as weighted averaging of the measured data, a reasonable prediction of the spatial concentration is achieved, and a gas concentration distribution model of the microenvironment of the cultural relic is constructed. This allows for an accurate assessment of the degree to which different parts of the cultural relic are affected by corrosive gases, providing a reliable basis for formulating targeted cultural relic protection strategies.

[0046] For example, regarding metal artifacts

[0047] Materials with characteristics of bronze, iron, or gold and silver artifacts are susceptible to electrochemical corrosion due to the easy reaction of SO2 with the oxide layer on the metal surface. NO... x While VOCs have a relatively weak impact on metals, their long-term accumulation can damage the surface coating and accelerate the rate of metal corrosion.

[0048] Mixed gas threshold setting:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Weighted scoring algorithm: SO2 weight 0.4, NO x Weighted at 0.3, VOCs weighted at 0.3, score = (actual SO2 / 50) × 0.4 + (actual NO) x / 80)×0.3+(actual VOCs / 30)×0.3.

[0052] S2. Use the data transmission module to transmit the gas-related data collected by the gas detection device to the data processing and analysis unit;

[0053] Furthermore, in step S2, the data transmission module adopts a wireless communication method, specifically the ZigBee wireless communication protocol or the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol, to achieve stable and real-time data transmission between the gas detection device and the data processing and analysis unit.

[0054] Specifically, in the technical solution for monitoring and early warning of gas in the microenvironment of cultural relics, the operation in step S2—using the data transmission module to transmit the gas-related data collected by the gas detection device to the data processing and analysis unit—is crucial. The preservation environment of cultural relics often has strict protection requirements; wiring may damage the cultural relic itself or its surrounding environment, and the wiring operation is complex and has high maintenance costs.

[0055] Using a data transmission module to transmit data wirelessly, specifically via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol or the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol, can effectively avoid the aforementioned problems.

[0056] The basic principle of ZigBee wireless communication protocol is based on the transmission and reception of wireless signals. At the transmitting end, the collected gas-related data is modulated, encoded according to a certain format, and then transmitted through the wireless channel. Assuming the gas concentration data to be transmitted is the original data information D, after the modulation and encoding process of the ZigBee protocol, the transmitted wireless signal S satisfies the formula: S = M(D). Here, the input is the original gas-related data D, and the output is the modulated and encoded wireless signal S. Then, through the corresponding demodulation and decoding process, the original data information D is restored, i.e., D = Dm(S). The input is the received wireless signal S, and the output is the restored original gas-related data D, thus achieving accurate data transmission.

[0057] The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication protocol works similarly. At the transmitting end, gas-related data is processed according to the format and encoding method specified by the BLE protocol. If the original gas data is D', the processed wireless signal S' will satisfy S' = B(D'). The input is the original gas data D', and the output is the corresponding wireless signal S'. At the receiving end, after receiving S' with the input D' = Br(S'), the original gas data D' is obtained according to the decoding and restoration mechanism of the BLE protocol.

[0058] These two wireless communication protocols enable stable and real-time data transmission. Stable transmission reduces packet loss and errors during data transmission, ensuring data integrity and ensuring high consistency between the gas-related data received by the data processing and analysis unit and the raw data collected by the gas detection device. Real-time transmission ensures that the data processing and analysis unit can obtain the latest data in a timely manner, enabling rapid analysis and judgment based on the current gas concentration. For example, based on the real-time gas concentration data, a preset threshold judgment algorithm can be used to determine if R = J(C,T). If R exceeds the threshold, subsequent warning and other protective measures can be triggered in a timely manner to protect cultural relics from damage caused by excessive concentrations of corrosive gases. This ensures the efficient and reliable operation of the entire cultural relic microenvironment gas monitoring and early warning system.

[0059] S3. The data processing and analysis unit analyzes and processes the received gas-related data according to the preset judgment rules, and determines whether the comprehensive parameter evaluation of multiple gases exceeds the preset safety threshold of the corresponding cultural relic.

[0060] Furthermore, in step S3, when the data processing and analysis unit analyzes and processes the gas-related data, it first performs preprocessing operations on the data. The preprocessing operations include removing outliers from the data and standardizing the data.

[0061] Then, based on the preset algorithm model, the filtered data is comprehensively evaluated and processed, and the data obtained after comprehensive evaluation and processing is compared and analyzed with the preset safety threshold.

[0062] Outliers in the data are removed using the Grubbs criterion, which is based on statistical principles. By setting reasonable confidence intervals, outliers that do not conform to the normal data distribution pattern are identified and eliminated to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0063] Step S3 also includes setting pre-defined safety thresholds based on the corrosion resistance characteristics of different cultural relic materials and statistical analysis of historical monitoring data on the preservation environment of cultural relics. Different gas concentration safety threshold ranges are set for different categories of cultural relics and their corresponding material characteristics.

[0064] Specifically, the data processing and analysis unit analyzes and processes the gas-related data received from the gas detection device according to preset judgment rules, thereby determining whether the comprehensive parameter evaluation of multiple gases exceeds the preset safety threshold of the corresponding cultural relic. This judgment result directly determines whether to activate the early warning and take corresponding protective measures.

[0065] Outliers in the data are removed using the Grubbs criterion, which is based on statistical principles and identifies anomalies based on the statistical distribution characteristics of the data. Let a set of gas concentration data be x1, x2, ..., x... n Where n is the number of data points, and its mean is The standard deviation is s, and the calculation formulas are as follows: in This represents the average level of the gas concentration data, and s reflects the dispersion of the data. For each data point x... i By calculating the Grubbs statistic G i To determine whether it is an outlier, the formula is: Given a reasonable confidence interval, the corresponding critical value G (α,n) α is the significance level, which is related to the confidence level. When G i >G (α,n) When, determine x iOutliers are identified and removed. This method inputs the original gas concentration data sequence and outputs a clean data sequence after removing outliers, avoiding interference from outliers in subsequent analysis. This ensures that subsequent data-based judgments more closely reflect actual gas concentration conditions and guarantees the accuracy of the analysis.

[0066] Standardizing data can unify gas-related data of different magnitudes and scales into a comparable standard range. A common standardization method is Z-score standardization; for a given gas concentration data x, the standardized data x... std The calculation formula is: Input the raw gas concentration data x, and output the standardized data x based on the calculated mean x and standard deviation s. std Standardized data is easier to process and compare in a unified manner within a pre-defined algorithm model, thus improving the scientific rigor and rationality of data analysis.

[0067] After data preprocessing, the processed data is compared with pre-set safety thresholds based on a pre-defined algorithm model. This is a crucial step in determining whether to trigger an alert. Different cultural relics exhibit varying degrees of corrosion resistance due to their materials. For example, metal, paper, and ceramic relics have different tolerances to corrosive gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic acids. By statistically analyzing historical monitoring data of the cultural relic preservation environment and comprehensively considering factors such as the material of the relic and past gas concentrations, differentiated gas concentration safety threshold ranges are set for different categories of cultural relics and their corresponding material characteristics.

[0068] Let T be the safe threshold for the concentration of a certain corrosive gas corresponding to a cultural relic, and C be the pre-processed real-time gas concentration data. A comparison function J is used to determine whether the threshold is exceeded, and the result is output. When C > T, J(C,T) = 1, indicating that the threshold is exceeded; when C ≤ T, J(C,T) = 0, indicating that the threshold is not exceeded. If the result indicates that the threshold is exceeded, it means that the current gas concentration poses a potential threat to the cultural relic, and protective measures such as early warnings must be initiated promptly. If the threshold is not exceeded, real-time monitoring continues to ensure that the cultural relic remains in a relatively safe gas environment, thereby achieving precise protection of the cultural relic and minimizing the damage caused by corrosive gases.

[0069] S4. When the gas concentration is determined to exceed the preset safety threshold, the early warning module is activated to issue an early warning signal to alert relevant cultural relic protection situations.

[0070] Furthermore, in step S4, the early warning module includes an audible and visual alarm unit and a remote notification unit. When the early warning is activated, the audible and visual alarm unit issues an audible and visual warning at the site of the cultural relic preservation, while the remote notification unit sends a notification message containing key information such as the location of the cultural relic, the type of gas exceeding the threshold, and its concentration to the preset terminal equipment of the cultural relic preservation personnel.

[0071] The intensity of the audible and visual alarm unit can be manually or automatically adjusted according to the environmental conditions and personnel activities in the cultural relic preservation area, ensuring that the alarm is triggered while avoiding excessive interference to the surrounding environment.

[0072] Step S4 also includes automatically triggering the corresponding environmental control mechanism after the warning signal is issued. The environmental control mechanism includes activating air purification equipment to purify the air in the cultural relic preservation area or adjusting the operating parameters of the ventilation system to change the air circulation, thereby reducing the impact of corrosive gases on the cultural relic.

[0073] Specifically, the early warning module includes an audible and visual alarm unit and a remote notification unit, which work together to ensure the effective transmission of early warning information. The audible and visual alarm unit issues an audible and visual warning at the cultural relic preservation site, and its warning intensity is adjustable. Let the ambient noise level be N, the frequency of personnel activity be F, and the basic warning intensity be I0. Then the actual warning intensity I satisfies I = I0 × k(N,F), where k(N,F) is an adjustment coefficient that increases with N and decreases with F. Inputting N, F, and I0, the output I ensures that the warning is perceptible to on-site personnel while avoiding excessive interference with the environment.

[0074] The remote notification unit sends information to a preset terminal, including the coordinates P of the cultural relic's location, the type G of the excessive gas, and its concentration C, forming a notification data packet M = P, G, C. Inputs are P, G, and C, and the output is M, ensuring that conservation personnel can remotely obtain critical information and intervene promptly.

[0075] Upon issuance of the warning signal, an environmental control mechanism is automatically triggered to reduce the gas concentration through equipment intervention. When the air purification equipment is activated, the purification efficiency E is related to the equipment's operating power P, satisfying E = f(P), where f is a monotonically increasing function. The target purification efficiency E is input. t The required power P is calculated in reverse. t =f -1 (E t The equipment is configured according to P. t Run the system to reduce gas concentration.

[0076] When adjusting ventilation system parameters, let the ventilation volume be V and the gas concentration decay rate be r, satisfying r = g(V). Input the current concentration C and the target concentration C. t Calculate the required decay rate r t =(CC t) / t, reverse calculation of ventilation volume V t =g -1 (r t The system presses V. t It runs, accelerating gas replacement.

[0077] Example 2:

[0078] In a museum setting containing numerous ancient wooden structures and artifacts, the gas detection system faces several challenges. Firstly, the sensors may not be fully covered due to the complex spatial structure of the ancient building, and the sensitivity of sensors detecting volatile organic acids may be insufficient. Secondly, the data transmission module is susceptible to interference from numerous wireless devices within the museum, affecting the integrity and timeliness of data transmission. Thirdly, in the data processing and analysis unit, an unreasonable confidence interval when applying the Grubbs criterion can easily lead to misjudgments of outliers, and pre-set safety thresholds may become incompatible due to changes in the surrounding environment or adjustments to artifact protection measures. Fourthly, regarding the early warning module and environmental control mechanism, inaccurate adjustment of the audible and visual alarm unit in complex environments can affect the warning, and the lag between activation and effectiveness of environmental control measures may cause corrosion damage to the artifacts. To address these issues, this invention provides a gas monitoring and early warning system for artifacts in a corrosive microenvironment, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The specific implementation process of this system is as follows:

[0079] A gas sensor module is used to collect real-time gas concentration data in the corrosive microenvironment of the cultural relic preservation area;

[0080] Specifically, based on factors such as the spatial layout of the cultural relic preservation area, the shape of the cultural relics themselves, and their placement, sensors capable of detecting various corrosive gases, such as sulfur dioxide sensors, nitrogen oxide sensors, and sensors for volatile organic acids, are rationally selected and installed to ensure that their coverage encompasses the entire microenvironment in which the cultural relics are located. These sensors operate using their respective sensing principles, such as electrochemical and optical principles. The sensors continuously detect the surrounding gases, collecting concentration data for each gas at fixed time intervals, and transmitting this real-time data to the data transmission module to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of data acquisition, so that subsequent modules can follow up and process it promptly.

[0081] In this case, organic artifacts are the primary consideration: such as lacquerware, wood carvings, and leather.

[0082] Material characteristics: Long-term exposure to VOCs causes the material to soften and deform; SO2 and NO... x It accelerates the oxidative degradation of organic matter, causing cracking or unpleasant odors.

[0083] Mixed gas threshold setting:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] The weighted scoring algorithm references "VOCs weight 0.4, SO2 weight 0.3, NO..." x Weight 0.3”, Score = (Actual SO1 / 70) × 0.3 + (Actual NO) x / 60)×0.3+(actual VOCs / 25)×0.4.

[0087] The data transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the gas sensor module to the data processing module;

[0088] Specifically, a suitable wireless communication method is selected to construct the data transmission link, employing either the ZigBee wireless communication protocol or the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol. At the transmitting end, the data transmission module receives gas concentration data from the gas sensor module and encodes the data according to the encoding format specified by the selected communication protocol, converting it into a signal form capable of transmission over the wireless channel. Under the ZigBee protocol, the received raw data is encoded and modulated according to its specific frame format and modulation method, and then transmitted wirelessly to the data processing module via a wireless transceiver. At the receiving end, the data processing module is equipped with a corresponding wireless receiving device. It decodes and restores the received wireless signal according to the same protocol, recovering the original gas concentration data and completing reliable data transmission, ensuring that subsequent modules can successfully acquire and process this data.

[0089] The data processing module is used to analyze and process the received data and determine whether it exceeds the preset security threshold.

[0090] Specifically, the received gas concentration data undergoes preprocessing. The Grubbs criterion, based on statistical principles, is used to remove outliers. This involves first calculating the mean and standard deviation of the data set. For each data point, a specific formula is used to determine if it exceeds an outlier range defined by a predefined confidence interval. If it does, the outlier is removed. Simultaneously, the remaining data is standardized to ensure that data of different magnitudes can be analyzed under the same standard. Then, based on a pre-defined algorithm model and differentiated gas concentration safety thresholds for different types of cultural relics and their material characteristics, the preprocessed data is compared with the corresponding safety thresholds. For a specific metal cultural relic, there are corresponding safety thresholds for gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The actual collected and processed gas concentration data is compared with these thresholds to determine if they are exceeded. The results of the comparative analysis are output, providing accurate triggering criteria for the subsequent early warning module.

[0091] The early warning module is used to issue an early warning signal when the gas concentration exceeds a preset safety threshold.

[0092] Specifically, the early warning module consists of an audible and visual alarm unit and a remote notification unit. Upon receiving a threshold-exceeding judgment result from the data processing module, the audible and visual alarm unit immediately activates at the artifact preservation site, emitting a bright flashing light and a high-decibel warning sound to attract the attention of on-site personnel. The intensity of the audible and visual warning can be manually or automatically adjusted according to the actual environmental conditions and personnel activity in the artifact preservation area, ensuring effective warning without causing excessive interference. Simultaneously, the remote notification unit sends a notification message to pre-set artifact preservation personnel terminals. The message includes key information such as the location of the artifact, the type of gas exceeding the threshold, and its specific concentration. This allows relevant personnel not on-site to obtain detailed information remotely immediately, enabling timely arrangement and implementation of corresponding artifact preservation measures, such as activating air purification equipment and adjusting ventilation system operating parameters, effectively addressing the corrosion risks faced by the artifacts. Furthermore, the environmental control mechanism can predict gas concentration trends based on historical data, triggering a pre-adjustment mode in advance and shortening the lag time.

[0093] Furthermore, the technical solutions described in this invention are not suitable for some types of cultural relics not covered here, such as paper relics (ancient books, paintings, and archives) or textile relics (silk, cotton, linen, and embroidery). This is because the core design logic of this invention focuses more on general monitoring and early warning of gas concentration, and cannot optimize threshold settings, comprehensive evaluation models, and control mechanisms for the material sensitivity characteristics of paper and textile relics. Especially for these two types of relics, humidity has a greater impact than gas concentration. Therefore, this invention cannot meet the protection needs of such relics in terms of specificity, accuracy, and effectiveness.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in corrosive microenvironments, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. A gas detection device is installed in the cultural relic preservation area. The gas detection device includes a sensor that can detect a variety of corrosive gases, so that it covers the space where the cultural relic is located to obtain gas-related data in the space. Based on this, a data range that meets the storage standards is set. S2. Use the data transmission module to transmit the gas-related data collected by the screened gas detection devices to the data processing and analysis unit; S3. The data processing and analysis unit analyzes and processes the received gas-related data according to the preset judgment rules, and determines whether the comprehensive parameter evaluation of multiple gases exceeds the preset safety threshold of the corresponding cultural relic. S4. When the comprehensive parameter evaluation of multiple gases exceeds the preset safety threshold, the early warning module is activated to issue an early warning signal to indicate the relevant situation of cultural relic protection.

2. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the sensors in the gas detection device include a sulfur dioxide sensor, a nitrogen oxide sensor, and a sensor that can detect volatile organic acids; each sensor is set up in an orderly distribution at different locations and heights around the cultural relic to ensure comprehensive collection of gas-related data in the microenvironment in which the cultural relic is located.

3. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the data transmission module uses wireless communication, specifically the ZigBee wireless communication protocol or the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol, to achieve stable and real-time data transmission between the gas detection device and the data processing and analysis unit.

4. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when the data processing and analysis unit analyzes and processes the gas-related data, it first performs a preprocessing operation on the data. The preprocessing operation includes removing outliers from the data and standardizing the data. Then, based on the preset algorithm model, the filtered data is comprehensively evaluated and processed, and the data obtained after comprehensive evaluation and processing is compared and analyzed with the preset safety threshold.

5. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The removal of outliers from the data employs the following steps: Calculating basic statistics: Calculating basic statistics: For the dataset x1x2,...,x n Calculate the average value and standard deviation Calculate the Grubbs statistic G: for each data point x i Calculate the ratio of its absolute deviation from the mean to the standard deviation, i.e.: Take the largest G among them max =max(G1,G2,...,G n ); Determine the critical value G α,n Given a significance level α = 0.05 or 0.01 and a sample size n, Obtain the preset Grubbs threshold G α,n ; Identify outliers: If G max >G α,n Then we consider the corresponding x i If it is an outlier, then it is an outlier; otherwise, the data point is normal data.

6. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S3 step also includes setting a pre-set safety threshold based on the corrosion resistance characteristics of different cultural relic materials and the statistical analysis of historical monitoring data on the preservation environment of cultural relics. Different gas concentration safety threshold ranges are set for different categories of cultural relics and their corresponding material characteristics.

7. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the early warning module includes an audible and visual alarm unit and a remote notification unit. When the early warning is activated, the audible and visual alarm unit issues an audible and visual warning at the site of the cultural relic preservation, and at the same time, the remote notification unit sends a notification message containing key information such as the location of the cultural relic, the type of gas exceeding the threshold, and its concentration to the preset terminal equipment of the cultural relic protection personnel.

8. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The intensity of the audible and visual alarm unit can be manually or automatically adjusted according to the environmental conditions and personnel activities in the cultural relic preservation area, ensuring that the alarm is triggered while avoiding excessive interference to the surrounding environment.

9. The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S4 step also includes automatically triggering a corresponding environmental control mechanism after the warning signal is issued. The environmental control mechanism includes activating air purification equipment to purify the air in the cultural relic preservation area or adjusting the operating parameters of the ventilation system to change the air circulation, thereby reducing the impact of corrosive gases on the cultural relic.

10. A gas monitoring and early warning system for cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment, characterized in that, The method for gas monitoring and early warning of cultural relics in a corrosive microenvironment as described in any one of claims 1-9, the system comprising: A gas sensor module is used to collect real-time gas concentration data in the corrosive microenvironment of the cultural relic preservation area; The data transmission module is used to transmit the data collected by the gas sensor module to the data processing module; The data processing module is used to analyze and process the received data and determine whether it exceeds the preset security threshold. The early warning module is used to issue an early warning signal when the gas concentration exceeds a preset safety threshold.

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