Ecological efficient cultivation method under abrus cantoniensis hance forest

Abstract

The invention discloses an under-forest ecological efficient cultivation method for abrus cantoniensis hance, and belongs to the technical field of abrus cantoniensis hance planting. By interplanting the abrus cantoniensis hance under the arbor forest, the optimal interplanting mode of interplanting the abrus cantoniensis hance under the Chinese fir forest is found, and the mode can improve the utilization efficiency of the forest land, reduce the planting cost and increase the economic benefit; the harm of weeds and diseases and pests is reduced, the use of weeding labor and pesticides is reduced, water and soil loss is reduced, water and soil are kept, and good ecological benefits are achieved. According to the method, a scientific basis is provided for selection of a cultivation mode for interplanting the abrus cantoniensis hance under the forest. In ecological management, if the yield and the nutrient content of the abrus cantoniensis hance are improved as a target, a cedarwood forest stand is preferentially selected for interplanting.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of planting of Abrus cantoniensis, in particular to a high-efficiency under-forest cultivation method of Abrus cantoniensis. BACKGROUND

[0002] The forest-medicine compound mode is to introduce the medicine plants which are suitable for growing under the forest to the natural environment according to the distribution of the plants and the symbiotic condition of the forest and medicine, and to cultivate them in the wild. This mode can not only save the forest resources, but also restore the wild medicine resources under the forest, and make up for the long production cycle and slow effect of the forest. It is an important way to realize the sustainable development of the ecological forest and green Chinese medicine. As an important development industry after the conversion of cropland to forest, the forest-medicine compound mode has been supported by the government and actively promoted in the forest ecological engineering. With the support and policy promotion of the country, the forest-medicine compound mode has been developed rapidly and achieved good economic, social and ecological benefits. Most of the Chinese medicine is from the wild medicine plants, and the predatory picking of the wild medicine plants not only destroys the ecological environment, but also leads to the sharp decrease of the medicine plant resources, the reduction of the species diversity and the destruction of the ecological environment. The development of the forest-medicine compound mode can increase the planting quantity and scale of the medicine plants, and reduce the phenomenon of the wild medicine plants being picked up. It can effectively avoid the exhaustion of the medicine plant resources and protect the ecological diversity. The construction of the forest-medicine compound mode in the conversion of cropland to forest area can reduce natural disasters, prevent soil erosion, improve environmental quality, reduce pests and diseases, and reduce the amount of pesticide application. The forest-medicine compound mode can improve the growth environment of the forest and the intensive management of the forest and medicine plants, which can improve the growth environment of the forest and control pests. The forest-medicine compound mode can improve the light energy utilization rate, reduce the temperature in the system, prevent soil erosion, reduce the evaporation of surface water, and improve the relative humidity, which can promote the growth of the forest in the system. The results of the study on the improvement effect of different forest-medicine compound modes on the soil physical and chemical properties of the Cunninghamia lanceolata ecological public welfare forest showed that the mass fraction of organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, total potassium and total phosphorus in the soil of the compound mode was higher than that of the pure forest. At the same time, the forest-medicine compound mode can also improve the water use efficiency in the system, because the root system of the forest is deeper than that of the medicine plants, so the forest root system can absorb water from deeper soil layer without affecting the absorption of soil water by the medicine plant root system. The multi-level three-dimensional structure of the forest-medicine compound system can effectively improve the air humidity, light energy utilization rate and ecological space utilization rate in the system, enhance the disaster resistance, improve the soil fertility, improve the soil physical and chemical properties, make the forest plants grow rapidly, improve the ecological environment, slow down and adapt to climate change, and make the whole forest ecosystem achieve a virtuous cycle. As an important production mode of the ecological forest and Chinese medicine, the forest-medicine compound mode is in line with the current general situation of ecological construction. The mode of interplanting Chinese medicine under the forest can make more efficient use of forest resources, and has the advantages of fast effect, easy operation and great potential compared with the artificial forest management. The development of the forest-medicine compound mode has important significance for shortening the economic cycle of forestry, increasing the added value of forestry, promoting the sustainable development of forestry, developing the channels of farmers' income, developing circular economy and consolidating the achievements of ecological construction.

[0003] Milletia pinnata is a medicinal plant of the genus of Millettia in Leguminosae, a woody vine with bipinnate leaves, often spreading or winding on other plants, with a thick taproot up to 60 cm long, mostly growing in mountainous areas at an altitude of about 200 m, sparse forests or shrubs, and is one of the "Guangxi ten medicinal materials", which is a medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicine, and the whole plant can be used for treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis and ascites due to liver cirrhosis. The plant is rich in various bioactive components, and people often use it to make herbal tea and soup to relieve heat and remove dampness. Guangxi is an important production area of Milletia pinnata. Due to long-term predatory mining, the wild resources of Milletia pinnata are becoming exhausted, and now artificial cultivation is mainly used. In recent years, chicken grass medicine pills made of Milletia pinnata as the main raw material have been in great demand as China's export products.

[0004] Pine, fir and eucalyptus are the main artificial timber tree species in Guangxi, with a large planting area, but the land utilization rate under the forest is low. Milletia pinnata is a medicinal material that can be planted and harvested in the same year (planted before Qingming Festival and harvested in November-December), and its growth characteristics of liking wet and fearing waterlogging are very suitable for planting under the forest. However, there is no report on the research on interplanting Milletia pinnata under pine, fir and eucalyptus forest. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a Milletia pinnata under-forest ecological efficient cultivation method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By interplanting Milletia pinnata under the forest, it is found that interplanting Milletia pinnata under the fir forest can promote the growth and biomass increase of Milletia pinnata, and improve the soil structure of the forest land, which provides a scientific basis for the selection of the cultivation mode of interplanting Milletia pinnata under the forest.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0007] The present application provides a Milletia pinnata under-forest ecological efficient cultivation method, which comprises the step of interplanting Milletia pinnata under the fir or pine forest.

[0008] Preferably, the interplanting method comprises:

[0009] Step S1: selecting a fir or pine forest stand as a planting site, and plowing the soil after removing the weeds under the forest;

[0010] Step S2: sowing Milletia pinnata seeds on the planting site in the early rainy season in March-April;

[0011] Step S3: not applying chemical pesticides during the growth period;

[0012] Step S4: harvesting the whole plant in December of the planting year, and retaining 10-15 cm of the root to promote regeneration.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the density of the Chinese fir or pine forest stand is 0.3-0.5.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, Chinese fir is selected as the planting site.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the method of sowing is as follows: after soaking the Eupatorium adenophorum seeds in warm water for 24 hours, the Eupatorium adenophorum seeds are evenly scattered in the small ditch by using the strip sowing method with a row spacing of 30 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, 12 kg of seeds are used per mu during sowing.

[0017] The application also provides the application of the method in the improvement of forest land soil.

[0018] The application also provides the application of the method in the promotion of the growth and biomass increase of Eupatorium adenophorum.

[0019] The application discloses the following technical effects:

[0020] (1) The interplanting method provided by the application improves the land use efficiency of the forest land, increases the economic benefits of the forest land, reduces the planting cost, and mobilizes the enthusiasm of farmers for planting Chinese herbal medicines. According to the interplanting test results, the annual yield of Eupatorium adenophorum interplanted under the Chinese fir forest can reach 190 kg per mu, and the income of 1900 yuan per mu can be increased according to 10 yuan / kg, which plays a positive role in promoting farmers to plant Eupatorium adenophorum and increasing the income of farmers;

[0021] (2) The planting of Eupatorium adenophorum can reduce the harm of weeds and pests in the forest land and reduce the use of labor and pesticides for weeding;

[0022] (3) Interplanting Eupatorium adenophorum under the forest not only can effectively make up for the defect of insufficient land resource utilization in the pure forest planting mode, realize the management goal of "nurturing long by short", improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the forest land, but also can expand the development space of the Eupatorium adenophorum industry, alleviate the current contradiction between supply and demand of Eupatorium adenophorum resources, and improve the economic benefits of the forest land. In addition, as a ground covering plant, Eupatorium adenophorum can increase the soil moisture content of the forest land, reduce the soil and water loss of the forest land, maintain water and soil, and has good ecological benefits. Meanwhile, interplanting Eupatorium adenophorum under the forest can increase the organic carbon content of the soil of the forest land and improve the soil nutrient environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 Effects of different understory planting patterns on the rhizome and biomass of A. japonica; A: rhizome, B: biomass;

[0025] Figure 2 Effects of different understory planting patterns on the nutrient content of each organ of A. japonica; A: total C content, B: total N content, C: total P content, D: total K content;

[0026] Figure 3 Effects of different understory planting patterns on the soil organic carbon and water content of the forest land; A: soil organic carbon, B: soil water content. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, which should be considered to be illustrative of the application and not restrictive of the application. It will be appreciated that the detailed description is not intended to limit the application to certain aspects, features, or embodiments described herein.

[0028] It should be understood that the terms used herein are merely descriptive, but are not intended to limit the application. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range within the range of the intermediate values between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present application. The upper limit and the lower limit of these smaller ranges can be included or excluded independently.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, the preferred methods and materials are described. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict between the content of the specification and that of any document incorporated herein by reference, the content of the specification prevails.

[0030] Various modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the description and examples herein. The description and examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0031] As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "have", "having" and the like are open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

[0032] Example 1: Understory planting of A. japonica in pine, Chinese fir and eucalyptus forests

[0033] 1. Experimental method

[0034] This invention selected a forest in the Qipo State-owned Forest Farm in Guangxi as the experimental forest site, with a canopy closure of 0.3-0.5. Six experimental areas were established under three different forest stands (pine + *Abrus precatorius*, Chinese fir + *Abrus precatorius*, eucalyptus + *Abrus precatorius*, pure pine forest, pure Chinese fir forest, and pure eucalyptus forest). In early 2023, land preparation was carried out on all three forest stands, including deep plowing to remove weeds, stones, etc., and sufficient base fertilizer was applied. In March of the same year, *Abrus precatorius* was planted. The seeds were sourced from Yulin, Guangxi. A row sowing method was used in all three forest stands, with a row spacing of 30cm. The seeds were evenly scattered in small furrows, using 12 jin (6 catties) of seeds per mu (0.067 hectares), and appropriately covered with soil until germination. About 30 days after sowing, thinning and replanting were carried out. Seedlings from densely populated areas were moved to sparser areas. Missing, dead, and thinned seedlings were checked and replanted promptly. The planting area and control area were spaced 50cm apart within the same forest stand.

[0035] Plant and soil samples were collected from forests intercropped with and without *Abrus precatorius* (a type of grass) in pine, fir, and eucalyptus stands. The study investigated plant growth, nutrient content, soil moisture content, and soil nutrient content to evaluate the effects of the three forest stands on *Abrus precatorius* and the improvement effect of *Abrus precatorius* on soil nutrients.

[0036] 2. Results and Analysis

[0037] 2.1 Effects of intercropping *Abrus precatorius* in three monoculture stands (pine, fir, and eucalyptus) on the growth and biomass of *Abrus precatorius*

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, there were significant differences in stem growth and biomass accumulation of *Abrus precatorius* in different forest stands (P<0.05). Stem growth was highest in the *Cunninghamia lanceolata* + *Abrus precatorius* (Cunninghamia lanceolata + *Abrus precatorius*) combination, significantly higher than other forest types. Specifically, the stem growth of *Abrus precatorius* in the *Cunninghamia lanceolata* + *Abrus precatorius* (Cunninghamia lanceolata + *Abrus precatorius*) stand was 22.6% and 47.9% higher than that in the *Pinus pine* + *Abrus precatorius* (Pinus pine + *Abrus precatorius*) and *Eucalyptus eucalyptus* + *Abrus precatorius* (Eucalyptus eucalyptus) stands, respectively. This indicates that *Cunninghamia lanceolata* stands are more conducive to the growth of *Abrus precatorius* stems, while the promoting effect of *Eucalyptus eucalyptus* stands on stem growth is relatively weak.

[0039] In terms of biomass accumulation, the highest biomass of all organs (roots, stems, and leaves) and total biomass of *Abrus precatorius* was observed in the *Cunninghamia lanceolata* + *Abrus precatorius* combination, significantly higher than other stand types. This was followed by the *Pinus sylvestris* + *Abrus precatorius* combination, while the lowest biomass of all organs and total biomass was observed in the *Eucalyptus* + *Abrus precatorius* combination. Specifically, the root biomass of *Abrus precatorius* in the *Cunninghamia lanceolata* + *Abrus precatorius* combination was 43.2% and 76.7% higher than that in the *Pinus sylvestris* + *Abrus precatorius* and *Eucalyptus* + *Abrus precatorius* combinations, respectively; the stem biomass was 13.7% and 25.3% higher, respectively; and the leaf biomass was 75.2% and 196.4% higher, respectively. In terms of total biomass, the *Cunninghamia lanceolata* + *Abrus precatorius* combination was 37.7% and 71.5% higher than that in the *Pinus sylvestris* + *Abrus precatorius* and *Eucalyptus* + *Abrus precatorius* combinations, respectively.

[0040] This result indicates that Chinese fir stands are more conducive to the accumulation of *Abrus precatorius* biomass, possibly related to the nutrient and moisture conditions of the understory soil. Eucalyptus stands, on the other hand, showed lower growth and biomass accumulation for *Abrus precatorius* compared to pine and Chinese fir stands. In future artificial cultivation of *Abrus precatorius*, pine stands or optimized Chinese fir stand environmental conditions could be prioritized to increase yield.

[0041] 2.2 Effects of intercropping *Abrus precatorius* in three pure stands (pine, fir, and eucalyptus) on the nutrient content of various organs of *Abrus precatorius*

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the total carbon content of *Abrus precatorius* roots showed no significant difference between pine + *Abrus precatorius* and fir + *Abrus precatorius*, but was significantly higher than that of eucalyptus + *Abrus precatorius*. The total carbon content of leaves was highest in fir + *Abrus precatorius*, exceeding pine + *Abrus precatorius* and eucalyptus + *Abrus precatorius* by 8.0% and 10.5%, respectively, with no significant difference between pine + *Abrus precatorius* and eucalyptus + *Abrus precatorius*. The total carbon content of stems did not differ significantly among the three forest stands. The total nitrogen content in roots was highest for the *Cephalotaxus fortunei* + *Eucalyptus fortunei* combination, exceeding it by 7.1% and 31.9% compared to *Pine* + *Eucalyptus fortunei* and *Eucalyptus fortunei*, respectively. The total nitrogen content in stems was also highest for *Pine* + *Eucalyptus fortunei*, significantly higher than both *Cephalotaxus fortunei* + *Eucalyptus fortunei* and *Eucalyptus fortunei*, although there was no significant difference between the stem total nitrogen content of *Cephalotaxus fortunei* + *Eucalyptus fortunei* and *Eucalyptus fortunei*. The total phosphorus content in roots and leaves was highest for *Cephalotaxus fortunei*, followed by *Pine* + *Eucalyptus fortunei*, while *Eucalyptus fortunei* had the lowest total phosphorus content in both roots and leaves. The total phosphorus content in roots of *Cephalotaxus fortunei* was 49.3% and 66.4% higher than *Pine* + *Eucalyptus fortunei* and *Eucalyptus fortunei*, respectively, and the total phosphorus content in leaves was 66.2% and 81.5% higher than *Pine* + *Eucalyptus fortunei* and *Eucalyptus fortunei*, respectively. The total potassium content of *Abrus precatorius* roots was highest in the *Eucalyptus globulus* + *Abrus precatorius* combination, followed by the *Cunninghamia lanceolata* + *Abrus precatorius* combination, while the total potassium content of the *Pinus sylvestris* + *Abrus precatorius* roots was lowest. The total potassium content of the stems was significantly higher in the *Cunninghamia lanceolata* + *Abrus precatorius* and *Eucalyptus globulus* + *Abrus precatorius* combinations than in the *Pinus sylvestris* + *Abrus precatorius* combinations. In summary, overall, the nutrient content of all organs of *Abrus precatorius* intercropped under *Cunninghamia lanceolata* forests was higher than in the other two forest stands.

[0043] 2.3 Effects of intercropping *Abrus precatorius* under pine, fir, and eucalyptus forests on soil moisture content and organic carbon

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, intercropping *Abrus precatorius* significantly affected the topsoil organic carbon content in pine, fir, and eucalyptus forests. Compared with monoculture pine forests, the pine + *Abrus precatorius* intercropping pattern significantly increased the topsoil organic carbon content by 21.5%; compared with monoculture fir forests, the fir + *Abrus precatorius* intercropping pattern significantly increased the topsoil organic carbon content by 28.7%; in eucalyptus forests, intercropping *Abrus precatorius* significantly increased the topsoil organic carbon content by 19.2% and the deep soil organic carbon content by 12.7%. This indicates that *Abrus precatorius* litter and root exudates promoted the accumulation of soil organic matter in forest land, suggesting that planting *Abrus precatorius* helps to enhance the soil carbon pool of forest land.

[0045] In addition, the interplanting of Chinese ageelica shows a positive effect on the soil moisture content of the three forest stands. Compared with the pure stands of pine, fir and eucalyptus, the soil moisture content is increased by 18.6%, 28.6% and 14.5% respectively. The vegetation coverage of Chinese ageelica reduces the soil water evaporation, and its root system improves the soil structure and enhances the water holding capacity of the soil, indicating that Chinese ageelica has a significant effect on water regulation.

[0046] Overall, interplanting Chinese ageelica has a significant improvement effect on the soil nutrients and moisture conditions of pine, fir and eucalyptus forest land, and the improvement effect on the soil of fir and pine forest land is better than that of eucalyptus. Therefore, in the composite management of forest land, pine and fir stands can be preferentially selected for interplanting Chinese ageelica in order to achieve ecological benefits and soil improvement effect.

[0047] The yield of Chinese ageelica is also determined in the present application, and the interplanting test results show that the annual yield of Chinese ageelica interplanted under the fir forest can reach 190 kg per mu, which can increase the income of 1900 yuan per mu at 10 yuan / kg, which plays a positive role in promoting farmers to plant Chinese ageelica, a traditional Chinese medicine, and increasing the income of farmers.

[0048] The above results show that Chinese ageelica interplanted under the fir forest (fir + Chinese ageelica) is generally superior to pine + Chinese ageelica and eucalyptus + Chinese ageelica in terms of nutrient content in each organ, especially in the accumulation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. It shows that the microenvironment of fir forest stand (such as litter decomposition characteristics and soil nutrient cycling) is more conducive to the growth and nutrient absorption of Chinese ageelica.

[0049] The present application provides a scientific basis for the selection of cultivation mode of interplanting Chinese ageelica under forest. In ecological management, if the goal is to improve the yield and nutrient content of Chinese ageelica, the fir forest stand is preferentially selected for interplanting.

[0050] The above-described embodiments are only preferred modes of the present application and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency cultivation method for Morinda officinalis under forest, characterized in that, The step of interplanting Uraria crinita in a Chinese fir or pine forest stand.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method of interplanting comprises: Step S1: selecting a Chinese fir or pine forest stand as a planting site, and ploughing the soil after removing the undergrowth; Step S2: sowing Uraria crinita seeds on the planting site in early rainy season from March to April; Step S3: not applying chemical pesticides during the growing period; Step S4: harvesting the whole plant in December of the planting year, and retaining 10-15 cm of the root to promote regeneration.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, In step S1, the canopy density of the Chinese fir or pine forest stand is 0.3-0.

5.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, In step S1, Chinese fir is selected as the planting site.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein, In step S2, the sowing method is as follows: after soaking the Uraria crinita seeds in warm water for 24 hours, the seeds are uniformly spread in furrows by using the strip sowing method with a row spacing of 30 cm.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein, In step S2, 12 kg of seeds are used per mu during sowing.

7. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-6 in the improvement of forest land soil.

8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-6 in the promotion of the growth and biomass increase of Uraria crinita.

Images