Dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of dynamic monitoring, and more particularly to a dynamic monitoring method based on slope vegetation disturbance in a hydropower engineering construction area, comprising: scanning a to-be-monitored slope, establishing a slope site model, and dividing the slope site model into a plurality of equal-volume standard units; dividing the area corresponding to each to-be-monitored vegetation to form a slope unit corresponding to the to-be-monitored vegetation; standardizing the slope model by modeling the slope and dividing the slope into a plurality of standard units, incorporating the to-be-monitored vegetation into a slope unit by using the standardized model, and confirming the disturbance of the slope model according to the construction action; by using the above method, the slope model and the actual scene can be quantitatively analyzed, and the area that will be affected by the vegetation can be marked, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the slope vegetation affected by the construction state while effectively improving the pertinence of monitoring the slope vegetation affected by the construction state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dynamic monitoring technology, and in particular to a dynamic monitoring method for vegetation disturbance on slopes in hydropower engineering construction areas. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of hydropower projects, due to the large vertical span and special terrain of the construction area, it is often necessary to monitor the slope vegetation to ensure the safety and smooth progress of construction. Existing slope vegetation protection technologies mainly include vegetated concrete ecological slope protection technology and thick-layer substrate sprayed vegetation slope protection technology.

[0003] While these technologies have achieved some success in slope stability and ecological restoration, they cannot effectively monitor slope vegetation.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113868584B discloses a method for dynamic evaluation and control of the ecological restoration benefits of disturbed slopes in high-altitude areas. The method constructs a dynamic evaluation system for the ecological restoration benefits of disturbed slopes in high-altitude areas; formulates reasonable control schemes based on the evaluation results; and implements controls to address real-time problems in the ecological restoration of the target slope. The evaluation system includes: establishing a hierarchical structure model for slope ecological restoration evaluation; formulating optimized evaluation index weights and evaluation standards; and making a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological restoration benefits of the slope based on these criteria. Through cyclical evaluation and control, the optimization of the slope ecosystem is achieved. This invention fully considers the differences and regional characteristics of high-altitude areas, providing real-time quantitative and qualitative evaluations and scientific control schemes for the ecological restoration benefits of disturbed slopes in high-altitude areas, which is conducive to improving the scientific theoretical level of vegetation restoration technology for disturbed slopes.

[0005] However, the above method has the following problems: it cannot effectively monitor the impact of construction conditions on slope vegetation, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of slope vegetation monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address this issue, the present invention provides a dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas. This method overcomes the problem that the inability to specifically monitor the impact of construction on slope vegetation leads to reduced accuracy in monitoring slope vegetation, which in turn results in inaccurate judgments regarding the impact of hydropower engineering construction on slope vegetation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a dynamic monitoring method for vegetation disturbance on slopes in hydropower engineering construction areas, comprising:

[0008] Scan the slope to be monitored, build a slope site model, and divide it into several standard units of equal volume;

[0009] The vegetation to be monitored is set on the slope site model, and the area corresponding to each vegetation to be monitored is divided to form a slope unit corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored.

[0010] The site actions are simulated based on the construction actions, and the site actions are confirmed based on the relative position of the site actions and the vegetation to be monitored.

[0011] For a single vegetation to be monitored, if the site action affects the vegetation to be monitored, the site action is determined to be a valid site action; or if the site action does not affect the vegetation to be monitored, the site action is determined to be an invalid site action.

[0012] Perform the construction actions and reconstruct the slope unit based on the actual impact of the vegetation to be monitored;

[0013] For a single slope unit, if a single site action completely covers the slope unit, the site action is considered valid.

[0014] When reconstructing the slope unit, the range of the slope unit is expanded to at least one standard unit outside the actual site action range, based on the site action range corresponding to the actual site action.

[0015] Furthermore, the step of segmenting the slope site model includes:

[0016] The volume of the standard unit is determined based on the minimum working area of ​​the construction unit;

[0017] The site model is divided into voxelized grids based on the standard unit.

[0018] In this case, the geometric center spacing of each adjacent standard unit is the same;

[0019] For site models that are not fully filled with the standard units, fill them according to the outer surface of the corresponding standard units.

[0020] Furthermore, the step of dividing the slope units corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored includes:

[0021] Based on the type of vegetation to be monitored, confirm the corresponding root system coverage area.

[0022] The coverage area of ​​the vegetation root system is expanded outward by a preset threshold to form a corresponding vegetation base area;

[0023] The vegetation base area is merged with the corresponding standard unit to generate a polygon based on the outer contour of the standard unit, and recorded as a slope unit.

[0024] Furthermore, when confirming the site actions, several construction units involved in the construction are determined based on the construction actions, and the corresponding site actions are determined based on the influence range of each construction unit in a single construction action.

[0025] In determining the scope of influence, the coverage area and interference area of ​​the construction unit are also defined.

[0026] The coverage area and the interference area together constitute the field action range of a single field action.

[0027] Furthermore, the determination of the actual impact includes:

[0028] Acquire images of the vegetation to be monitored before and after the site action.

[0029] Determine the main trunk of the vegetation to be monitored;

[0030] Compare the differences between the image after the field action and the image before the field action;

[0031] If the preset threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the slope unit corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored has been actually disturbed;

[0032] If the preset threshold is not exceeded, it is determined that the slope unit has not been actually disturbed.

[0033] Furthermore, the execution steps for expanding the scope include:

[0034] The outer sphere of the playing area is used as the reference.

[0035] Extend outward by at least one standard unit's side length;

[0036] All standard units within the expanded space are merged into a new slope unit.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0038] If an invalid site action occurs consecutively a preset number of times, a monitoring accuracy check will be triggered.

[0039] Rescan the standard cells in the corresponding region;

[0040] Update vegetation distribution data and reconstruct slope unit boundaries.

[0041] Furthermore, when reconstructing the slope unit boundary, a disturbance accumulation value is set for the reconstructed slope unit;

[0042] When the sum of the cumulative disturbance values ​​of each slope unit corresponding to a single monitored vegetation exceeds the danger threshold, a root damage warning is generated.

[0043] The danger threshold is related to the category of the vegetation to be monitored.

[0044] Furthermore, the cumulative disturbance value is related to the type of construction unit and the slope of the slope.

[0045] If the slope site model is damaged after the construction action is completed, the disturbance accumulation value is added up.

[0046] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0047] Establish a vegetation restoration model:

[0048] For each slope unit marked as invalid site action, vegetation cover is collected at preset time intervals;

[0049] When the coverage returns to the preset judgment ratio of the initial state, the monitoring mark of the slope unit is removed.

[0050] Compared with existing technologies, this method standardizes the slope model by modeling the slope and dividing it into several standard units. The vegetation to be monitored is then incorporated into a slope unit using the standardized model, and the disturbance of the slope model is confirmed based on construction activities. This approach enables quantitative analysis of the slope model against the actual scene and allows for the marking of areas where vegetation will be affected. This effectively improves the targeting of monitoring the impact of construction on slope vegetation and enhances the accuracy of monitoring the impact of construction on slope vegetation through dynamic monitoring.

[0051] Furthermore, by dividing the slope into standard units, the unit volume is determined based on the minimum construction work area, ensuring that the grid matches the construction actions. At the same time, by extending the unit boundary to adjacent standard units, the monitoring range can be dynamically adjusted to avoid blind spots. This effectively improves the effectiveness of monitoring and the accuracy of judging the vegetation status of the slope.

[0052] Furthermore, by setting up slope units that include vegetation root systems, the overall affected area of ​​vegetation is expanded, which effectively increases the monitoring range while avoiding the problem of the slope vegetation restoration range being out of sync with ecological needs.

[0053] Furthermore, by directly linking construction actions with vegetation disturbance, a construction unit influence range model is introduced to predict the disturbance area. At the same time, the actual disturbance is verified by comparing actual images with changes in the vegetation trunk. This effectively reduces the false alarm rate and improves the accuracy of judging the vegetation status of the slope.

[0054] Furthermore, by adjusting the site area after each monitoring session and setting a cumulative disturbance value for the reconstructed slope unit, and associating the construction type with the slope, the adaptive performance of the monitoring is effectively improved, as is the accuracy of judging the slope vegetation status. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the reconstruction of the slope unit boundary in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0058] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0060] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] Please see Figure 1 As shown, it is a flowchart of the dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to the present invention, including:

[0062] Step S1: Scan the slope to be monitored, establish a slope site model, and divide it into several standard units of equal volume.

[0063] Step S2: Set the vegetation to be monitored on the slope site model and divide the area corresponding to each vegetation to be monitored to form a slope unit corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored.

[0064] Step S3: Simulate site actions based on construction actions, and confirm site actions based on the relative positions of site actions and the vegetation to be monitored.

[0065] Step S4a: For a single vegetation to be monitored, the response site action affects the vegetation to be monitored, and the site action is determined to be a valid site action.

[0066] Step S4b: If the action at the responding site does not affect the vegetation to be monitored, the action at the responding site is determined to be an invalid action at the responding site.

[0067] Step S5: Perform construction actions and reconstruct the slope unit according to the actual impact of the vegetation to be monitored.

[0068] For a single slope unit, if a single site action completely covers the slope unit, the site action is considered valid.

[0069] When reconstructing the slope unit, the scope of the slope unit is expanded to at least one standard unit outside the actual site action range, based on the site action range corresponding to the actual site action.

[0070] Compared with existing technologies, this method standardizes the slope model by modeling the slope and dividing it into several standard units. The vegetation to be monitored is then incorporated into a slope unit using the standardized model, and the disturbance of the slope model is confirmed based on construction activities. This approach enables quantitative analysis of the slope model against the actual scene and allows for the marking of areas where vegetation will be affected. This effectively improves the targeting of monitoring the impact of construction on slope vegetation and enhances the accuracy of monitoring the impact of construction on slope vegetation through dynamic monitoring.

[0071] Example 1:

[0072] During the construction of a pumped storage power station, excavation work was required on the slope of the access road. The slope was covered with native shrubs (such as Lespedeza) and herbaceous vegetation (such as Bermuda grass). This patented method was used to dynamically monitor the disturbance impact of construction on the vegetation.

[0073] Implementation steps:

[0074] Slope scanning and standard cell division:

[0075] A high-precision three-dimensional digital terrain model (DTM) was created by scanning the slope using a drone's lidar.

[0076] Based on the minimum working range of the excavator bucket (assumed to be 2m×2m×2m), the slope model is divided into standard cubic units of 2m³.

[0077] Vegetation-associated slope unit generation:

[0078] Identify the plants to be monitored: Lespedeza (deep-rooted shrub with a root coverage radius of 1.5m) and Bermuda grass (shallow-rooted herb with a root radius of 0.5m).

[0079] Lespedeza unit: The root system extends outward by 0.5m (threshold) to form a circular area with a radius of 2m, which is merged with the standard unit to form a polygonal monitoring unit (covering 4 standard units).

[0080] Dog tooth root unit: Only one standard unit is needed for coverage.

[0081] Construction motion simulation and disturbance determination:

[0082] The simulated excavator digging action has a bucket influence range (site action) of 3m×3m.

[0083] Valid action determination: If the excavation area completely covers one dogtooth root unit (2m³), it is determined to be a valid disturbance, and the unit is automatically marked as needing reconstruction.

[0084] Invalid action determination: The excavation edge only partially overlaps with the Lespedeza unit (not completely covered), and is temporarily marked as invalid.

[0085] Dynamic unit reconfiguration and early warning:

[0086] Beak tooth root unit: Because it is completely covered by excavation, the system extends its range to two adjacent standard units (to prevent potential root damage).

[0087] Lespedeza unit: After three consecutive invalid actions, a check is triggered. A rescan reveals exposed roots, the unit boundary is updated, and the perturbation value is accumulated.

[0088] When the cumulative value of Lespedeza exceeds the threshold (e.g., cumulative value of +2 / time for heavy machinery operation on steep slopes), a root damage warning is generated, prompting the implementation of support measures.

[0089] Example 2:

[0090] The slope of the power plant spoil heap has been repaired by topsoil spraying and planted with Amorpha fruticosa (shrub) and tall fescue (herb). It is necessary to monitor the impact of construction vehicles on the vegetation in the later stages.

[0091] Implementation steps:

[0092] Model initialization:

[0093] A slope model of the spoil heap was established using oblique photography, and a standard unit of 1m³ was divided according to the rolling range of dump truck wheels (1m×0.5m).

[0094] Vegetation unit binding:

[0095] Amorpha fruticosa unit: The root system radius is 1m, and after expanding outward by 0.5m, a monitoring unit with a radius of 1.5m is generated (merging 3 standard units).

[0096] Tall fescue unit: directly bound to a single standard unit.

[0097] S3-S4: Vehicle Traffic Disturbance Analysis

[0098] The truck travels along a fixed route, and the area its wheels crush (site action) is a 1m × 0.5m rectangle.

[0099] Valid action: Rolling over completely to cover one tall fescue unit is considered a valid disturbance.

[0100] Invalid action: Only partial contact with the Amorpha fruticosa unit, the marker is invalid.

[0101] S5: Recovery Tracking and Closed-Loop Management

[0102] Tall fescue unit: Coverage decreased by 60% after compaction, and the system expanded monitoring to adjacent units.

[0103] Coverage data is collected every 7 days, and after 30 days it recovers to 80% of its initial state, at which point the monitoring marker is automatically removed.

[0104] Amorpha fruticosa unit: After accumulating 5 invalid actions, a rescan was performed. The root system was found to be undamaged, and the cumulative disturbance value was cleared to zero.

[0105] Specifically, the steps for segmenting the slope site model include:

[0106] The volume of the standard unit is determined based on the minimum working area of ​​the construction unit;

[0107] The site model is divided into voxelized grids based on standard units;

[0108] In this case, the geometric center spacing of each adjacent standard unit is the same;

[0109] For site models that are not fully filled with standard units, fill them according to the outer surface of the corresponding standard units.

[0110] By dividing the slope into standard units, the unit volume is determined based on the minimum construction work area, ensuring that the grid matches the construction actions. At the same time, by extending the unit boundary to adjacent standard units, the monitoring range can be dynamically adjusted to avoid blind spots. This effectively improves the effectiveness of monitoring and the accuracy of judging the vegetation status of the slope.

[0111] Specifically, the steps for dividing the slope units corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored include:

[0112] Based on the type of vegetation to be monitored, determine the corresponding root system coverage area.

[0113] The root system coverage area of ​​the vegetation is expanded outward by a preset threshold to form a corresponding basic vegetation area.

[0114] The vegetation base area is merged with the corresponding standard unit to generate a polygon based on the outer contour of the standard unit, and recorded as a slope unit.

[0115] In practice, different vegetation and different terrains will also affect the root coverage. Table 1 below shows the root coverage of vegetation types, and Table 2 shows the impact of other influencing factors on the root coverage.

[0116] Table 1. Root extent of vegetation categories

[0117]

[0118] Table 2. Influence of other factors on root range

[0119]

[0120] By setting up slope units that include vegetation root systems, the overall affected area of ​​vegetation is expanded, which effectively increases the monitoring range while avoiding the problem of the restoration range of slope vegetation being out of touch with ecological needs.

[0121] Specifically, when confirming site actions, several construction units involved in the construction are identified based on the construction actions, and the corresponding site actions are determined based on the influence range of each construction unit in a single construction action.

[0122] In determining the scope of impact, the coverage and interference range of the construction unit are also defined.

[0123] The coverage area and the interference area together constitute the field action range of a single field action.

[0124] Specifically, the determination of the actual impact includes:

[0125] Acquire images of the vegetation to be monitored before and after field actions.

[0126] Identify the main trunk of the vegetation to be monitored;

[0127] Compare the differences between images after the field action and images before the field action.

[0128] If the preset threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the slope unit corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored has been actually disturbed;

[0129] If the preset threshold is not exceeded, it is determined that no actual disturbance has occurred in the slope unit.

[0130] By directly linking construction actions with vegetation disturbance, a construction unit influence range model is introduced to predict the disturbance area. At the same time, the actual disturbance is verified by comparing actual images with changes in vegetation trunks. This effectively reduces the false alarm rate and improves the accuracy of judging the vegetation status of slopes.

[0131] Example 3:

[0132] Based on Example 1, the influence range of the construction unit is modeled as follows:

[0133] Construction unit: Excavator (bucket operating range 3m×2m).

[0134] Coverage area (direct damage area): Area directly in contact with the bucket (3m×2m).

[0135] Interference range (indirect influence zone): the area affected by vibration or flying rocks (extending 1m outward, i.e., 5m × 4m).

[0136] Field movement range = Coverage range + Interference range = 5m × 4m.

[0137] Perturbation prediction and image verification:

[0138] Predicting disturbances: When the excavator is operating, the system automatically calculates its movement range on the site (5m×4m) and compares it with the slope unit (Lespedeza unit: 2m radius). If some overlap is found, it is marked as a potential disturbance.

[0139] Image verification:

[0140] Before the operation: A drone photo shows the main trunk of a Lespedeza bicolor tree intact.

[0141] Post-action image: The trunk tilt angle is greater than 15° (preset threshold), which is determined to be an actual disturbance.

[0142] Invalid action case: If the image change is less than the threshold (e.g., only the leaf falls off), it is determined to be no disturbance.

[0143] Dynamic unit correction and early warning

[0144] Because the main trunk of the Lespedeza exceeds the threshold tilt, the system expands the original slope unit (2m radius) to 1m outside the interference range (adding 2 standard units).

[0145] Accumulated disturbance value +1 (heavy machinery operating on steep slopes), triggering a root damage warning after exceeding the threshold.

[0146] Example 4:

[0147] Based on Example 2, the influence range of the construction unit is modeled as follows:

[0148] Construction unit: dump truck (rear wheel compaction range 1m×0.5m).

[0149] Coverage area: Area directly crushed by wheels (1m × 0.5m).

[0150] Interference range: soil compaction affected area (extended by 0.3m, i.e. 1.6m × 1.1m).

[0151] Disturbance detection and recovery tracking

[0152] Tall fescue unit: A wheel completely covering one standard unit (1m³) is considered a valid disturbance.

[0153] Image verification:

[0154] Before the operation: vegetation coverage was 90%.

[0155] After the action: Coverage drops to 30% (> preset threshold 20%), confirming the actual disturbance.

[0156] Resumption of monitoring: Images are collected every 7 days. After 30 days, the coverage will be restored to 75% (from the initial 83%), and the monitoring marker will be removed.

[0157] Handling Ineffective Actions of Amorpha fruticosa

[0158] The truck passed through five times without completely covering the unit (2m radius), but the images showed no damage to the root system and the cumulative disturbance value was reset to zero.

[0159] Specifically, the expanded scope implementation steps include:

[0160] The outer sphere of the playing area is used as the reference.

[0161] Extend outward by at least one standard unit's side length;

[0162] All standard units within the expanded space are merged into a new slope unit.

[0163] Specifically, it also includes:

[0164] If an invalid site action occurs consecutively a preset number of times, a monitoring accuracy check will be triggered.

[0165] Rescan the standard cells in the corresponding region;

[0166] Update vegetation distribution data and reconstruct slope unit boundaries.

[0167] Example 5:

[0168] Based on Example 1, the execution steps are expanded in scope:

[0169] Site operation range: Excavator bucket operation impact area (coverage range 3m×2m, interference range extends 1m outward, total range 5m×4m).

[0170] The circumscribed ball reference is based on the smallest circumscribed ball (diameter ≈ 5m) within the field's range of motion.

[0171] Expansion rule: Expand outward by 1 standard unit side length (2m), that is, the radius of the sphere increases from 2.5m to 4.5m.

[0172] New slope unit generation: All standard units (a total of 8) in the expanded space are merged into a new polygonal monitoring unit, covering the potential disturbance area.

[0173] Precision verification of invalid actions:

[0174] Continuous invalid actions: The excavator failed to completely cover a certain Lespedeza unit in 3 operations (marked as invalid).

[0175] Triggered verification: The system automatically rescanned the area and found:

[0176] The original unit boundary did not include the lateral root extension of Lespedeza (an additional 1.2m of root system).

[0177] Unit Reconstruction: After updating the vegetation data, the unit radius was adjusted from 2m to 3.2m (original range + lateral root extension).

[0178] Example 6:

[0179] Based on Example 2, the execution steps are expanded in scope:

[0180] Area of ​​operation: Truck rear wheel crush zone (coverage area 1m × 0.5m, interference area extended outward by 0.3m, total area 1.6m × 1.1m).

[0181] Circumscribed sphere reference: minimum circumscribed sphere diameter ≈ 1.6m.

[0182] Expansion rule: Expand outward by 1 standard unit side length (1m), increasing the sphere radius from 0.8m to 1.8m.

[0183] New slope unit generation: The three standard units after expansion are merged to cover the compacted area and the surrounding potential compaction impact area.

[0184] Precision verification of invalid actions:

[0185] Continuous invalid actions: The truck passed through 5 times without triggering the disturbance alarm of the tall fescue unit (because the resistance to crushing is enhanced after the vegetation is restored).

[0186] Triggered verification: Rescan revealed:

[0187] The root system of tall fescue has spread laterally to adjacent units (the original unit was not covered).

[0188] Unit reconstruction: Merge two adjacent units and reduce the cumulative weight of such actions (adapting to vegetation resistance after recovery).

[0189] Please see Figure 2 As shown, it is a flowchart of reconstructing the boundary of a slope unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:

[0190] Step S5: Perform construction actions and reconstruct the slope unit according to the actual impact of the vegetation to be monitored.

[0191] Step S51: When reconstructing the slope element boundary, a disturbance accumulation value is also set for the reconstructed slope element.

[0192] Step S52: When the sum of the cumulative disturbance values ​​of each slope unit corresponding to a single vegetation to be monitored exceeds the danger threshold, a root damage warning is generated.

[0193] Step S53: If the slope site model is damaged after the construction action is completed, the disturbance accumulation value is added.

[0194] Among them, the danger threshold is related to the category of vegetation to be monitored;

[0195] The cumulative disturbance value is related to the type of construction unit and the slope of the slope.

[0196] When setting danger thresholds, vegetation resistance, construction intensity, and environmental pressure should be balanced according to vegetation type. During implementation, the thresholds can be set as follows:

[0197] Vegetation baseline: Threshold for deep-rooted shrubs (such as Lespedeza) is approximately 25, and for shallow-rooted herbs (such as tall fescue) it is approximately 10.

[0198] Construction Stacking: Heavy machinery (such as excavators) weight +2.0, and the cumulative value for each additional daily operation +0.5;

[0199] Environmental correction: When the slope is >30° or the soil moisture content is >25%, the threshold is reduced by 20% to 40%;

[0200] Warning trigger: Protective measures are activated when the cumulative disturbance value reaches 70% (shrub) or 50% (herb) of the threshold, and the threshold is calibrated with the actual damage through image verification.

[0201] If the slope is excavated 4 times a day, the threshold for Lespedeza drops to about 30, and an early warning is required if the cumulative value exceeds 21; in the spoil heap, the threshold for tall fescue drops to 8 due to soil saturation, and intervention is required if the soil is compacted more than 4 times.

[0202] When calculating the cumulative disturbance value, the self-weight of the equipment and the slope of the slope should be taken into account. For example, when construction is carried out on a slope with a slope of 30°, the slope is more prone to collapse, so the cumulative value should be increased by 70%.

[0203] For example, when constructing on soil with a moisture content of 45%, the soil is more prone to erosion, so the cumulative value should be increased by 150%.

[0204] It is understandable that the above are just examples, and the specific situation should be adjusted according to the actual construction scenario.

[0205] By adjusting the site area after each monitoring session and setting a cumulative disturbance value for the reconstructed slope unit, and associating the construction type with the slope, the adaptive performance of the monitoring is effectively improved, as well as the accuracy of judging the slope vegetation status.

[0206] Specifically, dynamic monitoring methods for slope vegetation disturbance also include:

[0207] Establish a vegetation restoration model:

[0208] For each slope unit marked as invalid site action, vegetation cover is collected at preset time intervals;

[0209] When the coverage returns to the preset judgment ratio of the initial state, the monitoring mark of the slope unit is removed.

[0210] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0211] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic monitoring method for vegetation disturbance on slopes in hydropower engineering construction areas, characterized in that, include: Scan the slope to be monitored, build a slope site model, and divide it into several standard units of equal volume; The vegetation to be monitored is set on the slope site model, and the area corresponding to each vegetation to be monitored is divided to form a slope unit corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored. The site actions are simulated based on the construction actions, and the site actions are confirmed based on the relative position of the site actions and the vegetation to be monitored. For a single vegetation to be monitored, if the site action affects the vegetation to be monitored, the site action is determined to be a valid site action; or if the site action does not affect the vegetation to be monitored, the site action is determined to be an invalid site action. Perform the construction actions and reconstruct the slope unit based on the actual impact of the vegetation to be monitored; For a single slope unit, if a single site action completely covers the slope unit, the site action is considered valid. When reconstructing the slope unit, the range of the slope unit is expanded to at least one standard unit outside the actual site action range, based on the actual site action range. The steps for dividing the slope site model include: The volume of the standard unit is determined based on the minimum working area of ​​the construction unit; The site model is divided into voxelized grids based on the standard unit. In this case, the geometric center spacing of each adjacent standard unit is the same; For site models that are not filled with the standard units, fill them according to the outer surface of the corresponding standard units; The steps for dividing the slope units corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored include: Based on the type of vegetation to be monitored, confirm the corresponding root system coverage area. The coverage area of ​​the vegetation root system is expanded outward by a preset threshold to form a corresponding vegetation base area; The vegetation base area is merged with the corresponding standard unit to generate a polygon based on the outer contour of the standard unit, and recorded as a slope unit. When confirming the site actions, several construction units involved in the construction are determined based on the construction actions, and the corresponding site actions are determined based on the influence range of each construction unit in a single construction action. In determining the scope of influence, the coverage area and interference area of ​​the construction unit are also defined. The coverage area and the interference area together constitute the field action range of a single field action; By modeling the slope and dividing it into several standard units, the slope model is standardized. The vegetation to be monitored is included in a slope unit using the standardized model, and the disturbance of the slope model is confirmed based on the construction actions, so as to perform quantitative analysis between the slope model and the actual scene.

2. The dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the actual impact includes: Acquire images of the vegetation to be monitored before and after the site action. Determine the main trunk of the vegetation to be monitored; Compare the differences between the image after the field action and the image before the field action; If the preset threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the slope unit corresponding to the vegetation to be monitored has been actually disturbed; If the preset threshold is not exceeded, it is determined that the slope unit has not been actually disturbed.

3. The dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The range expansion operation includes: The outer sphere of the playing area is used as the reference. Extend outward by at least one standard unit's side length; All standard units within the expanded space are merged into a new slope unit.

4. The dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Also includes: If an invalid site action occurs consecutively a preset number of times, a monitoring accuracy check will be triggered. Rescan the standard cells in the corresponding region; Update vegetation distribution data and reconstruct slope unit boundaries.

5. The dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, When reconstructing the slope element boundary, a cumulative disturbance value is also set for the reconstructed slope element. When the sum of the cumulative disturbance values ​​of each slope unit corresponding to a single monitored vegetation exceeds the danger threshold, a root damage warning is generated. The danger threshold is related to the category of the vegetation to be monitored.

6. The dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cumulative disturbance value is related to the type of construction unit and the slope of the slope. If the slope site model is damaged after the construction action is completed, the disturbance accumulation value is added up.

7. The dynamic monitoring method for slope vegetation disturbance in hydropower engineering construction areas according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Establish a vegetation restoration model: For each slope unit marked as invalid site action, vegetation cover is collected at preset time intervals; When the coverage returns to the preset judgment ratio of the initial state, the monitoring mark of the slope unit is removed.

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