Field crop whole-growth-period one-time fertilization method based on super-large granular fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a field crop whole growth period one-time fertilization method based on a super-large granular fertilizer. The super-large granular fertilizer is applied to soil which is 3-10 cm away from crop seeds / root systems or rows where the crop seeds / root systems are located and 5-15 cm away from the soil surface; the ultra-large granular fertilizer comprises a common quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, and does not contain a sustained and controlled release additive or a carrier, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer is (30-35): (5-8): (5-8) based on N, P2O5 and K2O; the mass of a single extra-large granular fertilizer is 1.5-8 g, and the particle size is larger than or equal to 7 The ultra-large granular fertilizer application method can meet the requirement of field crops for nutrients in the whole growth period only through one-time application without any topdressing, the slow release effect of the fertilizer is obvious, the absorption rate of the crops for nitrogen in the fertilizer is remarkably increased, and compared with a conventional technology with the same fertilization amount, the yield is increased by 30% or above; compared with an existing one-time hole application technology with the same fertilization amount, the yield is increased by 10% or above, and income is increased remarkably.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application is a divisional application of the patent application with application number 202010696951.2 and filing date July 20, 2020.

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a method for once fertilization of large-granular fertilizer based on ordinary quick-acting fertilizer for large field crops in the whole growth period. BACKGROUND

[0003] China is a large agricultural country with a large population and limited land. Although the amount of chemical fertilizer used is already very high, with the increase in population, the crop yield per unit area still needs to be further improved to ensure national food and agricultural product safety, and the dependence on chemical fertilizer will still increase. However, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer in China is currently low, and the average utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for major food crops are less than 30%, 15% and 30% respectively, which leads to the total food production not increasing at the same rate as the amount of fertilizer, and also causes adverse effects on the environment such as water, air and soil. At the same time, with the development of urbanization, there is a shortage of rural young labor resources and the cost is also increasing, therefore, the development of high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizers which are easy to apply and reduce the number of applications, preferably only once in the whole growth period, is of great importance to the development of large field planting industry which has a low yield to investment ratio.

[0004] The research on high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizers has always been one of the research hotspots in China's agricultural science and technology. There are many related reports in the prior art. Patent application CN106365827A discloses a special fertilizer for super rice with synchronous nutrition, which is composed of inner fertilizer and outer fertilizer, the inner and outer fertilizers are separated by a slow-release film, and the outer fertilizer is further coated with another slow-release film. Patent application CN107266269A discloses a one-time special fertilizer for rice and corn in the southwest region, which is prepared by adding urea-formaldehyde, nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, plant growth regulator, etc. to urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, etc. Patent application CN108440054A discloses a fertilizer suitable for one-time fertilization of rice, which is prepared by mixing ordinary urea, two kinds of resin-coated urea with different release periods, granular phosphate fertilizer, ordinary potassium chloride, resin-coated potassium chloride and zinc fertilizer.

[0005] Although various types or purposes of agricultural chemical fertilizers have been developed in existing research, these fertilizer compositions still have certain performance defects, such as the need for additional addition of various coating materials or nitrogen fertilizer enhancers to reduce nitrogen loss and prolong fertilizer efficiency, the complexity of the preparation process also increases the cost, and the decomposition period of the film material used is long or incomplete, which will also bring pressure to the sustainable use of farmland and the environment. The existing one-time fertilization method is only a concentrated application of fertilizer in holes / points in nature, although the fertilization effect is better than that of conventional scattering or strip application in general, but the fertilizer utilization rate and crop yield increase effect are very unstable when the fertilizer is applied by large field mechanization. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a method for once fertilization of large-granular fertilizer for field crops in the whole growth period based on common quick-acting fertilizer. The large-granular fertilizer of the present application does not need to add various controlled-release coating materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors or synergists, etc. and has low cost, no environmental pollution, high fertilizer utilization rate, and only needs to be applied once when the crops are sowed or transplanted, without any topdressing in the later period, so as to meet the nutrient requirement of field crops in the whole growth period.

[0007] The present application provides a method for once fertilization of large-granular fertilizer for field crops in the whole growth period, which comprises: applying the large-granular fertilizer in the soil 3-10 cm away from the seed / roots of the crops or the row where the crops are planted and 5-15 cm deep from the soil surface.

[0008] The particle size of the large-granular fertilizer is greater than or equal to 7 mm, and the mass of a single particle of the large-granular fertilizer is 1.5-8 g. The large-granular fertilizer comprises common quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is (30-35):(5-8):(5-8) in terms of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. The large-granular fertilizer does not contain controlled-release additives and carrier materials for adsorbing and fixing nutrients.

[0009] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and nitro-ammonium phosphate. The phosphorus fertilizer comprises one or more of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, common superphosphate, heavy superphosphate and nitro-ammonium phosphate. The potassium fertilizer comprises potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate.

[0010] Preferably, based on the mass of the large-granular fertilizer, according to the nutrient deficiency of the soil or the requirement of the crops, the large-granular fertilizer further comprises at least one of silicon dioxide with a mass percentage of 1.0%-10.0%, calcium oxide with a mass percentage of 1.0%-4.0%, magnesium oxide with a mass percentage of 0.5%-2.0%, boron with a mass percentage of 0.01%-0.3% and zinc oxide with a mass percentage of 0.1%-0.3%.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilization time of the large-granular fertilizer is the same as the sowing or transplanting time of the crops.

[0012] Preferably, when the crops are sowed or transplanted in holes, one particle of the large-granular fertilizer is applied in each hole, or two particles of the large-granular fertilizer are applied in each hole, or one particle of the large-granular fertilizer is applied in two holes.

[0013] The application provides a once-fertilization method for field crops in whole growth period based on super-large particle fertilizer. The super-large particle fertilizer application method provided by the application can overcome the disadvantages of ordinary quick-acting fertilizer in the prior art, such as short fertilizer efficiency, the need for multiple topdressing, the need for adding slow-release film materials or nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists and other additional materials, and can also overcome the problems of uneven fertilization, unstable fertilizer efficiency and being not conducive to mechanized fertilization. Compared with the prior art, the super-large particle fertilizer application method provided by the application has obvious slow-release effect, significantly increases the nitrogen absorption rate of crops provided by the fertilizer, and increases the yield by more than 30% compared with the conventional technology with the same fertilization amount, and increases the yield by more than 10% compared with the prior art once-hole application technology with the same fertilization amount. The super-large particle fertilizer of the application only needs to be applied once without any topdressing, and can meet the nutrient demand of field crops in whole growth period, has low nitrogen loss rate and high nitrogen nutrient utilization rate, and can obviously increase the yield of field crops compared with the conventional technology and the prior art once-hole application technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The technical solutions of the application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0015] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages in the present application are weight percentages. Each component used in the following examples and comparative examples is a monomer or compound known in the art, and can be obtained by commercial means or prepared by known techniques.

[0016] The application provides a once-fertilization method for field crops in whole growth period based on super-large particle fertilizer, which comprises: applying super-large particle fertilizer in the soil 3-10 cm away from the seed / root system of crops or the row thereof and 5-15 cm deep from the soil surface; the particle size of the super-large particle fertilizer is greater than or equal to 7 mm, and the mass of a single particle of the super-large particle fertilizer is 1.5-8 g; the super-large particle fertilizer comprises ordinary quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass of the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is respectively N, P2O5 and K2O, and the mass ratio is (30-35):(5-8):(5-8); and the super-large particle fertilizer does not contain slow-release additives and carrier materials for adsorbing and fixing nutrients.

[0017] The nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of urea, di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and nitro-ammonium phosphate. The phosphorus fertilizer includes one or more of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, common superphosphate, heavy superphosphate and nitro-ammonium phosphate. The potassium fertilizer includes potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate. According to the soil nutrient deficiency or crop requirement, the super-large particle fertilizer further includes at least one of silicon dioxide with a mass percentage of 1.0% to 10.0%, calcium oxide with a mass percentage of 1.0% to 4.0%, magnesium oxide with a mass percentage of 0.5% to 2.0%, boron with a mass percentage of 0.01% to 0.3% and zinc oxide with a mass percentage of 0.1% to 0.3%, based on the mass of the super-large particle fertilizer.

[0018] The super-large particle fertilizer is applied at the same time as the sowing or transplanting of the crop. When the crop is sown or transplanted in holes, one super-large particle fertilizer is applied in each hole, or two super-large particle fertilizers are applied in each hole, or one super-large particle fertilizer is applied in two holes.

[0019] The present application is not limited to the type of crop, and any field crop known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present application, the term "whole growth period" refers to the entire period from the beginning of transplanting seedlings into the field to the complete maturation of the crop, for field-transplanted crops such as rice and oilseed rape. For direct-seeded crops such as wheat, corn and direct-seeded oilseed rape, the term "whole growth period" refers to the entire period from the sowing of seeds into the soil to the complete maturation of the crop.

[0020] The super-large particle fertilizer application method of the present application can overcome the problems of ordinary quick-acting fertilizers in the prior art, such as short fertilizer efficiency, the need for multiple topdressing or the addition of slow-release film materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists and other additional materials, and the problems of uneven application, unstable fertilizer efficiency and the difficulty of mechanized application. The super-large particle fertilizer application method of the present application based on ordinary quick-acting fertilizers can significantly reduce the soil-fertilizer interface after application, the micro-domain effect is more obvious, the slow-release property of the fertilizer is increased, which is conducive to the formation of a "root package fertilizer" state, can greatly reduce the loss rate of the fertilizer, and can be applied more uniformly with the aid of machinery, with the same amount of fertilizer applied at each point / hole, only one application is needed, and no additional topdressing is required. The present application can meet the nutrient requirements of field crops during the whole growth period, and can ensure the fertilizer utilization rate and yield increase effect of field crops when a large area is fertilized at one time, and the effect is stable.

[0021] The ultra-large granular fertilizer of this invention does not have specific limitations on the sources of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers; conventional, readily available, fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers well-known to those skilled in the art can be used. This ultra-large granular fertilizer does not contain any slow-release membrane materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, various synergists, etc., and requires no nutrient carrier. In this invention, the nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of the following common, readily available nitrogen fertilizers: urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium nitrate phosphate. In this invention, the phosphorus fertilizer includes one or more of the following common, readily available phosphorus fertilizers: diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ordinary superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and ammonium nitrate phosphate. In this invention, the potassium fertilizer includes one or more of the following common, readily available potassium fertilizers: potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate.

[0022] In this invention, the extra-large granular fertilizer may include elements that need to be supplemented in soils or crops that are deficient in specific trace or beneficial elements. For example, based on the mass of the extra-large granular fertilizer, it may also include one or more of the following by mass percentage: silicon dioxide (1.0%–10.0%), calcium oxide (1.0%–4.0%), magnesium oxide (0.5%–2.0%), boron (0.01%–0.3%), and zinc oxide (0.1%–0.3%). When the soil is not deficient in the above elements, the extra-large granular fertilizer preferably does not contain these elements.

[0023] In this invention, the ultra-large granular fertilizer may further include a binder and / or an anti-caking agent. This invention may add a small amount of conventional binder to improve physical strength or add a small amount of anti-caking agent or moisture-proof agent, or other materials, to improve the storage and transportation performance of the ultra-large granular fertilizer.

[0024] The ultra-large granular fertilizer of this invention can be obtained by the following preparation method, including the following steps: mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer, stirring, granulating, sieving to remove debris, and drying to obtain ultra-large granular fertilizer. This invention does not specifically limit the mixing method; a conventional mixer well-known to those skilled in the art can be used. This invention also does not specifically limit the granulation method; a conventional granulator known to those skilled in the art can be used, such as a grooved pressing machine or a melting method. After granulation, this invention preferably screens the formed ultra-large granular fertilizer to remove debris, packages it, and performs necessary drying to obtain the ultra-large granular fertilizer product. The ultra-large granular fertilizer of this invention preferably has a certain strength, and must not easily break during transportation or deliquesce during storage. The mixing and sieving of the granulated product in the preparation method of the ultra-large granular fertilizer of this invention ensures the uniformity of nutrients in each granule. The requirement for the strength of the ultra-large granular fertilizer granules ensures the formation and persistence of the fertilizer micro-domain after the ultra-large granular fertilizer is applied to the soil. This is the key to the slow release and long-lasting effectiveness of ultra-large granular fertilizer, and also makes it less prone to breakage during transportation.

[0025] This invention provides a method for applying ultra-large granular fertilizer to field crops once throughout their entire growth period. The ultra-large granular fertilizer is applied to the soil at a depth of 5-15 cm from the crop seeds / roots or their row. In this invention, the crops preferably include rapeseed, wheat, rice, and corn, which are directly sown or transplanted into the field. The timing of the ultra-large granular fertilizer application is preferably the same as the time of crop sowing or transplanting. Specifically, for crops sown or transplanted in holes, this invention preferably places the extra-large granular fertilizer 3-10 cm away from the crop seeds / roots and 5-15 cm below the soil surface. This can be done with one granule per seedling, two granules per seedling, or one granule per multiple seedlings / seedlings (i.e., one granule per hole or one granule per multiple holes), in conjunction with transplanting machinery. For crops sown in rows, this invention preferably places the extra-large granular fertilizer 3-6 cm away from the row containing the crop seeds / roots and 5-10 cm below the soil surface. For broadcast-sown crops, after tilling and preparing the land, the extra-large granular fertilizer is applied in a checkerboard pattern, preferably 12-22 cm apart, before covering with soil and sowing the seeds. This fertilization method, by specifying the application location of the extra-large granular fertilizer, ensures that the crop roots can absorb nutrients after application, but the released nutrient concentration will not burn the seeds and root tips.

[0026] This invention utilizes ultra-large granules to concentrate fertilizer application, artificially creating a micro-domain within the fertilizer layer, further enhancing its effect. This imbues ordinary fast-acting fertilizers with greater slow-release properties. Nutrient loss is significantly reduced, and fertilizer utilization is greatly improved. This invention applies the ultra-large granules at the time of sowing or transplanting, eliminating the need for subsequent topdressing and meeting the crop's nutrient requirements throughout its entire growth cycle. Based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizers, this ultra-large granule fertilizer does not contain any controlled-release membrane materials, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, or various synergists. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for nutrient carriers, requiring only a single application to meet the nutrient needs of field crops throughout their entire growth cycle. This method is labor-saving, offers high nitrogen fertilizer utilization, is environmentally friendly, and provides excellent yield and income increases.

[0027] The following detailed description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, provides a method for applying fertilizer to field crops once throughout their entire growth period based on ultra-large granular fertilizer. The technical solution of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A single application of ultra-large granular fertilizer throughout the entire growth period of field crops, based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, comprises the following components by mass (N, P2O5, K2O): 29% N, 11% P2O5, 12% K2O, with the remainder being carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc., introduced from the formulation of single-element fertilizers. These elements are provided by the following substances: N: urea, P2O5: diammonium hydrogen phosphate, K2O: potassium chloride.

[0030] The equivalent commercial fertilizer quantity is as follows (based on the production of 10,000 granules of extra-large granule fertilizer applied once throughout the entire growth period of field crops based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer):

[0031] 15.6 kg of urea;

[0032] 7.8 kg of diammonium hydrogen phosphate;

[0033] 5.6 kg of potassium chloride.

[0034] The above-mentioned commercial fertilizers were mixed evenly and ground into powder. The powder was then extruded into granules using a tablet press. In this embodiment, the super-large granular fertilizer for field crops, which is based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer and applied once throughout the entire growth period, was spherical with a single granule weight of 2.9g and a diameter of 13mm.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A single application of ultra-large granular fertilizer throughout the entire growth period of field crops, based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, has the same formula and preparation method as in Example 1, but the urea used is... 15 N-labeled urea products.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] A single application of ultra-large granular fertilizer throughout the entire growth period of field crops, based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, comprises the following components by mass (N, P2O5, K2O): 33% N, 6% P2O5, and 6% K2O, with an additional 0.3% zinc (ZnO). The remainder consists of sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen introduced from the formulation of single-element fertilizers. These elements are provided by the following substances: N: urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate; P2O5: diammonium hydrogen phosphate; K2O: potassium chloride; ZnO: zinc sulfate.

[0039] The equivalent commercial fertilizer quantity is as follows (based on the production of 10,000 granules of extra-large granule fertilizer applied once throughout the entire growth period of field crops based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer):

[0040]

[0041] The above-mentioned commercial fertilizers were stirred and mixed evenly, and then extruded into shape using a tablet press. The super-large granular fertilizer for field crops based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, which is applied once throughout the entire growth period, is cylindrical with a single granule weight of 1.7g, a diameter of 13mm, and a height of 7mm.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] A single application of ultra-large granular fertilizer throughout the entire growth period of field crops, based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, comprises the following components by mass (N, P2O5, K2O): 32% N, 8% P2O5, and 5% K2O, with an additional 0.2% boron (B). The remainder consists of sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen introduced from the formulation of single-element fertilizers. These elements are provided by the following substances: N: urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate; P2O5: diammonium hydrogen phosphate; K2O: potassium chloride, potassium sulfate; B: borax.

[0044] The equivalent commercial fertilizer quantity is as follows (based on the production of 10,000 granules of extra-large granule fertilizer applied once throughout the entire growth period of field crops based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer):

[0045]

[0046] The above-mentioned commercial fertilizers were stirred and mixed evenly, and then extruded into shape using a tablet press. The super-large granular fertilizer for field crops based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, which is applied once throughout the entire growth period, obtained in this embodiment is oblate, with a single granule weight of 4.2g, a granule diameter of 20mm, and a thickness of 14mm.

[0047] Test Example 1

[0048] A field in-situ test was conducted on the super-large granular fertilizer prepared in Example 1, which was applied once throughout the entire growth period of field crops. After 90 days, the soil ammonium nitrogen content at a distance of 6 cm from the super-large granular fertilizer application point was about 385 mg / kg.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] The fertilizer used was the same amount of ordinary fast-acting urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium chloride fertilizer used in the preparation of the super-large granular fertilizer in Example 1. The fertilizer was mixed and then evenly spread on the soil surface in one go. After 90 days, the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil at a depth of 6cm from the soil surface was about 12mg / kg.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] The fertilizer used was the same as that used in Comparative Example 1. The mixture was stirred and applied in one hole. After 90 days, the soil ammonium nitrogen content at a distance of about 6 cm from the center of the hole was about 118 mg / kg.

[0053] The comparative experiment shows that the super-large granular fertilizer of the present invention has a good slow-release effect.

[0054] Test Example 2

[0055] The super-large grain fertilizer prepared in Example 2, which is based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, was applied once throughout the entire growth period of field crops and tested in rice (variety: Nanjing 9108).

[0056] At the same time, an equal amount of urea was prepared as used in the preparation of the ultra-large granular fertilizer in Example 2. 15 A comparative experiment on the application of a mixture of N-labeled urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride fertilizer by broadcasting (Comparative Example 3) and by hole application (Comparative Example 4).

[0057] The super-large granular fertilizer was placed once at a distance of 3cm from the roots of the rice seedlings and 6cm from the soil surface, and no additional fertilizer was applied later. Comparative Example 3 was the conventional method used by farmers, in which 40% of all nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were spread together as base fertilizer, and the remaining 30% of nitrogen fertilizer was applied as top dressing for tillering and panicle growth, respectively. Comparative Example 4 was the method of mixing all nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and applying it once in a hole about 3cm from the roots of the rice seedlings and about 6cm from the soil surface, and no additional fertilizer was applied later.

[0058] The rice yield treated with the ultra-large grain fertilizer prepared in Example 2 reached 11.5 t / ha, an increase of 47.4% compared to Comparative Example 3 and 21.1% compared to Comparative Example 4 (Table 1). Through... 15 N-labeling method (see reference: "Mary B., Recous S., and Robin D. 1998. Model for calculation nitrogen fluxes in soil using..."). 15 Ntracing. SoilBiol. Biochem. 30(14):1963-1979”; Reference: “Liu Delin, Nie Jun, Xiao Jian, 2002, 15The study on the effect of N-labeled controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice was published in the Journal of Laser Biology, 11(2):87-92. The literature “Zhang J., Zhu T., Cai Z., Qin S., Muller C. 2012. Effects of long-term repeated mineral and organic fertilizer applications on soil nitrogen transformations. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 63:7585” shows that the nitrogen loss rate of the ultra-large granule fertilizer treatment was approximately 21.5%, and the nitrogen utilization rate provided by the fertilizer was 56.1%. In contrast, the nitrogen loss rates of comparative treatments 3 and 4 were 63.1% and 45.7%, respectively, and the nitrogen utilization rates were 11.1% and 32.5%. This indicates that the application of ultra-large granule fertilizer can increase the utilization rate of the applied fertilizer. In efficient and clean agricultural production, only the nutrients required for crop growth are applied, without blindly depleting or enriching the soil, which is a more ideal fertilization concept.

[0059] Test Example 3

[0060] The ultra-large grain fertilizer prepared in Example 3, based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, was applied once throughout the entire growth period of field crops and used for field demonstration on wheat (variety Huaimai 20).

[0061] Simultaneously, comparative experiments were conducted on the application of a mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, and zinc sulfate in equal amounts as used in the preparation of the super-large granular fertilizer in Example 3, including broadcast application (Comparative Example 5) and hole application (Comparative Example 6).

[0062] After land preparation, the extra-large granular fertilizer of Example 3 was placed at a depth of 5-8 cm from the soil surface using a fertilizer applicator at a spacing of 15 cm × 15 cm. Wheat seeds were then sown, and no further topdressing was applied. Comparative Example 5 used the conventional method of farmers, where 40% of all nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizer were applied together with the land preparation and weeding as base fertilizer, and the remaining 30% of nitrogen fertilizer was applied as topdressing for tillering and jointing and heading. Comparative Example 6 mixed all nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers and applied them in one hole at a spacing of about 15 cm × 15 cm using a fertilizer applicator at a depth of 5-8 cm from the soil surface. No further topdressing was applied.

[0063] The super-large granular fertilizer prepared in Example 3 was distributed relatively evenly in the field, with an average yield of 7.4 t / ha, which increased by 32.6% and 13.2% respectively compared with Comparative Examples 5 and 6 (Table 1).

[0064] Test Example 4

[0065] The ultra-large granular fertilizer prepared in Example 4, based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer, was applied to rapeseed (variety Ningza 1818) during the rapeseed season.

[0066] Simultaneously, comparative experiments were conducted on the application of equal amounts of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate fertilizer, and borax used in the preparation of the super-large granular fertilizer in Example 4, including broadcast application (Comparative Example 7) and hole application (Comparative Example 8).

[0067] The application of extra-large granular fertilizer is as follows: fertilization furrows are dug during land preparation, rapeseed seedlings are transplanted, the fertilization furrows are 5cm away from the rapeseed rows and 10cm deep. Extra-large granular fertilizer is placed in the furrows at intervals of about 20cm using a fertilizer applicator and covered with soil. No further topdressing is required. Comparative Example 7 uses the conventional method of farmers, where 60% of all nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizer are spread as base fertilizer during land preparation, and the remaining 40% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as bolting fertilizer. Comparative Example 8 mixes all nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizer and applies it in holes in the fertilization furrows at intervals of about 20cm.

[0068] The rapeseed yield treated with the ultra-large granular fertilizer prepared in Example 4 reached 4.9 t / ha, which was 53.9% and 19.2% higher than that of Comparative Examples 7 and 8, respectively (Table 1).

[0069] Table 1 shows the impact of a single application of ultra-large granular fertilizer throughout the entire growth period of field crops based on ordinary fast-acting fertilizer on yield and income increase in rice, wheat, and rapeseed cultivation.

[0070] Table 1

[0071]

[0072] Note:

[0073] *Comparative Examples 3 and 4 used the same fertilizer as in Preparation Example 2, with identical type and quality; Comparative Examples 5 and 6 used the same fertilizer as in Preparation Example 3, with identical type and quality; Comparative Examples 7 and 8 used the same fertilizer as in Preparation Example 4, with identical type and quality. Comparative Examples 3, 5, and 7 were applied using conventional basal and topdressing methods, while Comparative Examples 4, 6, and 8 used existing single-application techniques.

[0074] **Increased production in this table refers only to increased grain yield.**

[0075] ***Rice is top-fertilized twice, at 150 RMB / ha each time; wheat is top-fertilized twice, at 120 RMB / ha each time; and rapeseed is top-fertilized once, at 120 RMB / ha.

[0076] The price of rice grains is calculated at 2.9 yuan / kg, wheat grains at 2.5 yuan / kg, and rapeseed grains at 5.0 yuan / kg.

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. All materials used in this invention are commercially available and can be purchased from retail sources.

Claims

1. A method for applying fertilizer to field crops once throughout their entire growth period using ultra-large granular fertilizer, characterized in that, The fertilization method includes: applying super-large granular fertilizer to the soil at a distance of 3-10 cm from the crop seeds / roots or the row they are in, and at a depth of 5-15 cm from the soil surface; The super-large granular fertilizer has a particle size ≥7mm and a single particle weight of 1.5-8g; the super-large granular fertilizer includes ordinary fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is calculated as N, P2O5 and K2O respectively, with a mass ratio of (30-35):(5-8):(5-8); the super-large granular fertilizer does not contain slow-release additives or carrier materials for adsorbing and fixing nutrients.

2. The method for applying fertilizer to field crops once throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen fertilizer includes one or more of urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium nitrate phosphate; the phosphate fertilizer includes one or more of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ordinary superphosphate, triple superphosphate, and ammonium nitrate phosphate; and the potassium fertilizer includes potassium chloride and / or potassium sulfate.

3. The method for applying fertilizer to field crops once throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the mass of the super-large granular fertilizer, and depending on soil nutrient deficiencies or crop needs, the super-large granular fertilizer may also include at least one of the following by mass percentage: silicon dioxide (1.0%–10.0%), calcium oxide (1.0%–4.0%), magnesium oxide (0.5%–2.0%), boron (0.01%–0.3%), and zinc oxide (0.1%–0.3%).

4. The method for applying fertilizer to field crops once throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application time for the extra-large granular fertilizer is the same as the time for crop sowing or transplanting.

5. The method for applying fertilizer to field crops during their entire growth period in a single application according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the crop is sown or planted in holes, one granule of the extra-large granule fertilizer is applied per hole, or two granules are applied per hole, or one granule is applied to two holes together.

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