Design method of channel gully water and debris flow prevention and control system in alpine and gorge areas
By setting up drainage tunnels and emergency flood discharge channels between tributary ditches in high mountain and canyon areas, the problem of linkage between tributary ditch prevention and control systems was solved, enabling coordinated prevention and control of ditch water and debris flows, enhancing the system's drainage capacity and safety, and reducing construction costs and time.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511237645.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-16
AI Technical Summary
The existing tributary ditch control system lacks coordinated control measures between adjacent tributaries, which leads to the failure of a single tributary when the water flow exceeds the design limit. This may trigger a chain reaction that causes the entire system to fail. There is a lack of design methods for coordinated control of ditch water and debris flow.
Design a system for preventing and controlling gully water and debris flows in high mountain and canyon areas. By setting up first and second drainage tunnels, emergency flood discharge channels and overflow gravity dams, the system can achieve coordinated prevention and control between tributary gullies, enhance drainage capacity and safety redundancy, and meet drainage needs under both normal and extreme conditions.
It achieves coordinated prevention and control among tributaries, enhances the drainage capacity of individual tributaries, protects the safety of downstream spoil heaps, reduces construction costs and time, and improves the safety and reliability of the system.
Smart Images
Figure CN121145447A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower facilities, in particular to a design method of a gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon area. BACKGROUND
[0002] When building a hydropower station in a high mountain and canyon area, the tributary gully (referred to as branch ditch) near the hydropower station is usually perennial and deeply cut, which results in few available construction sites in the vicinity of the dam. In the process of engineering construction, a large amount of engineering waste needs to be stored, so the branch ditch near the dam site is often used as a permanent waste storage site of the dam. At this time, the branch ditch needs to be prevented from gully water and debris flow to avoid damage to the downstream waste storage site.
[0003] The existing prevention system of the branch ditch generally sets a blocking dam and a water retaining dam in the flow direction of the water flow of the branch ditch. The blocking dam first intercepts solid materials carried by the branch ditch, such as stones brought by debris flow, and the water flow of the branch ditch continues to flow forward through the water outlet of the blocking dam to the water retaining dam, which intercepts the water flow. The cooperation between the blocking dam and the water retaining dam achieves the effect of intercepting solids and separating liquids. However, the existing prevention system lacks necessary linkage prevention measures between adjacent branch ditches, resulting in that the adjacent branch ditches are independent of each other in function. Once the water flow of a branch ditch exceeds the design upper limit, the prevention function of the branch ditch will fail. In severe cases, it may even cause the adjacent branch ditches to fail in turn, and eventually cause the entire branch ditch system to fail. At present, there is a lack of prevention system and design method for realizing the coordinated prevention of gully water and debris flow between branch ditches. SUMMARY
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a design method of a gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon area, which realizes the coordinated prevention of gully water and debris flow between adjacent branch ditches.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve the technical problem is: a design method of a gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon area, comprising the following steps: a. Determine the level of each building, the flood standard and the emergency flood discharge standard of the emergency flood discharge channel according to the scale of the waste storage site; b. According to the topographic and geological conditions of the high mountain and canyon area where the waste storage site is located, determine the first water inlet of the first drainage tunnel and the second water inlet of the second drainage tunnel, and the space conditions for arranging the first water retaining dam between the first water inlet and the waste storage site and the space conditions for arranging the second water retaining dam between the second water inlet and the waste storage site; the first water outlet of the first drainage tunnel is communicated with the second water inlet of the second drainage tunnel, and the second water outlet of the second drainage tunnel is communicated with the river channel; c. The design flood flow of the first branch ditch is Q1, and the total amount of solid matter is V1; the design flood flow of the second branch ditch is Q2, and the total amount of solid matter is V2; the emergency flood discharge flow of the first branch ditch through the first emergency drainage channel is S1, and the emergency flood discharge flow of the second branch ditch through the second emergency drainage channel is S2. d. Based on the topographic and geological conditions and in accordance with regulations and specifications, determine the scale of the second dam and the second drainage tunnel through tunnel hydraulic calculations, and require the flood discharge flow of the second drainage tunnel to be Q1+Q2; e. Based on the topographic and geological conditions, a second retaining dam shall be arranged at the position of the second inlet of the second drainage tunnel facing the upstream of the second branch ditch. The scale of the second retaining dam shall be determined. The second retaining dam shall meet the requirement of the total amount of solid material V2 to be retained. f. Based on the topographic and geological conditions, the first inlet of the first drainage tunnel is located in the direction of the extension of the first branch ditch, and the first outlet of the first drainage tunnel is located between the second retaining dam and the second water-retaining dam. In accordance with the regulations and specifications, the scale of the first water-retaining dam and the scale of the first drainage tunnel are determined through tunnel hydraulic calculations to ensure that the flood discharge flow of the first drainage tunnel is Q1. g. Based on the topographical and geological conditions, and considering the layout of the spoil heap, determine the spatial arrangement of the first emergency drainage channel of the first branch ditch, the second emergency drainage channel of the second branch ditch, and the confluence drainage channel; based on regulations and standards, determine the scale of the first emergency drainage channel through channel hydraulic calculations, ensuring its emergency drainage flow rate is S1; determine the scale of the second emergency drainage channel, ensuring its emergency drainage flow rate is S2; determine the scale of the confluence drainage channel, ensuring its emergency drainage flow rate is S1+S. 2。
[0006] Furthermore, in step g, the emergency flood discharge from the first emergency drainage channel and the emergency flood discharge from the second emergency drainage channel converge into the confluence drainage channel before being transported into the river.
[0007] Furthermore, in step b, the second outlet is located downstream of the slag heap along the river channel.
[0008] Furthermore, both the first and second dams are overflow gravity dams.
[0009] Furthermore, in step b, a flat gate is provided at the first inlet. The flat gate is used to allow water to flow through the first dam and the first emergency drainage channel to the river during maintenance.
[0010] Furthermore, in step b, a flat gate is provided at the second inlet. The flat gate is used to allow water to flow through the second dam and the second emergency drainage channel to the river during maintenance.
[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are: I. Through the optimization of the entire prevention system design process, the first drainage hole and the second drainage hole are placed at reasonable positions, thereby successfully achieving the diversion of flood and protecting the downstream slag yard.
[0012] II. In actual use, the first branch ditch and the second branch ditch can first independently play their respective interception and prevention functions. When the water flow of the first branch ditch is too large, part of the ditch water can enter the first drainage hole through the first water inlet between the first barrier dam and the first water dam, and then flow to the second drainage hole and finally be discharged to the downstream river. By setting the first drainage hole and the second drainage hole, the drainage linkage relationship between the first branch ditch and the second branch ditch is effectively enhanced, the upper limit of the water volume that a single branch ditch can carry is improved, and the collaborative protection capability of the branch ditches in terms of ditch water and debris flow prevention is effectively enhanced.
[0013] III. The water collected by the first drainage hole and the second drainage hole is discharged into the river through the position downstream of the slag yard, preventing the harm to the slag yard and the surrounding buildings that may be caused by excessive drainage of the second drainage hole. This scheme not only effectively handles perennial water flow and provides a permanent slag yard layout area downstream, but also resists natural disasters such as debris flow and avoids the harm of debris flow.
[0014] IV. The outlet of the first emergency flood drainage channel and the outlet of the second emergency flood drainage channel are combined and connected, and are discharged into the downstream river through the combined drainage channel, which can reduce the corresponding construction amount, effectively reduce the construction cost and construction time while ensuring the drainage effect.
[0015] V. By adding the first emergency flood drainage channel, excess water flow that cannot be intercepted by the first water dam can overflow through the top of the first water dam and enter the first emergency flood drainage channel, and finally be discharged into the downstream river, further enhancing the drainage capacity of the system. Similarly, the second emergency flood drainage channel and the corresponding second water dam can also have similar drainage effects.
[0016] VI. By adding the first emergency flood drainage channel and the second emergency flood drainage channel, the system can meet the needs of extreme situations such as tunnel blockage events, and the flood can still be diverted to the river, avoiding the instability of the slag yard and causing huge losses, and increasing the safety redundancy of the entire system.
[0017] VII. By adding the first emergency flood drainage channel and the second emergency flood drainage channel, and adding the inlet flat gate, during the dry season, the flat gate of the drainage hole is closed, the water flow is discharged to the river through the overflowable water dam and the emergency flood drainage channel, and at this time, regular full-dry maintenance and repair of the drainage hole are realized.
[0018] The present application is especially suitable for use in the ditch engineering of a hydropower station in a high mountain and valley area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present application.
[0020] In the figure, the following are marked: first branch ditch 1, first blocking dam 11, first water retaining dam 12, first emergency flood discharge channel 13, second branch ditch 2, second blocking dam 21, second water retaining dam 22, second emergency flood discharge channel 23, first drainage tunnel 3, first water inlet 31, first water outlet 32, second drainage tunnel 4, second water inlet 41, second water outlet 42, confluence drainage channel 5, river channel 6, slag yard 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0022] As Figure 1 As Figure 1 shown in the figure is a ditch water and debris flow prevention system for a hydropower station ditch. In the direction of the flow of water in the first branch ditch 1, the first blocking dam 11 and the first water retaining dam 12 are arranged in sequence. The first blocking dam 11 is provided with a water outlet, which allows the first blocking dam 11 to intercept solid materials such as stones in the first branch ditch 1 while allowing water in the first branch ditch 1 to flow through the water outlet to the area between the first blocking dam 11 and the first water retaining dam 12. Similarly, in the direction of the flow of water in the second branch ditch 2, the second blocking dam 21 and the second water retaining dam 22 are arranged in sequence. The second blocking dam 21 is provided with a water outlet, which allows the second blocking dam 21 to intercept solid materials such as stones in the second branch ditch 2 while allowing water in the second branch ditch 2 to flow through the water outlet to the area between the second blocking dam 21 and the second water retaining dam 22.
[0023] The first water inlet 31 of the first drainage hole 3 is arranged between the first blocking dam 11 and the first water retaining dam 12, and the first water outlet 32 of the first drainage hole 3 is arranged between the second blocking dam 21 and the second water retaining dam 22. The height of the position where the first water inlet 31 is located is higher than the height of the position where the first water outlet 32 is located, so that the water entering the first water inlet 31 can flow to the first water outlet 32 under the action of gravity. The second water inlet 41 of the second drainage hole 4 is arranged between the second blocking dam 21 and the second water retaining dam 22, and the second water outlet 42 of the second drainage hole 4 is in communication with the river channel 6. The height of the position where the first water outlet 32 is located is the same as the height of the position where the second water inlet 41 is located, or the height of the position where the first water outlet 32 is located is slightly higher than the height of the position where the second water inlet 41 is located, as long as the water flowing out of the first water outlet 32 can smoothly enter the second water inlet 41. Then, the height of the second water inlet 41 is higher than the height of the second water outlet 42, so that the water entering the second water inlet 41 can flow along the second drainage hole 4 to the second water outlet 42 under the action of gravity, and finally flow into the river channel 6. As shown in Figure 1 Since the slag stacking field 7 is arranged along the river channel 6, in order to prevent the water flowing out of the second water outlet 42 from affecting the slag stacking field 7, the second water outlet 42 is preferably arranged downstream of the slag stacking field 7 along the river channel 6, so that the water discharged from the second water outlet 42 continues to flow downstream after entering the river channel 6, effectively protecting the safety of the slag stacking field 7 located upstream of the second water outlet 42.
[0024] In the embodiment, the first water retaining dam 12 and the second water retaining dam 22 are overflow gravity dams, which can also meet certain flood discharge capacity. Specifically, the top of the first water retaining dam 12 is in communication with the inlet of the first emergency flood discharge channel 13, and the top of the second water retaining dam 22 is in communication with the inlet of the second emergency flood discharge channel 23. The width of the overflow dam section of the water retaining dam is greater than the width of the corresponding emergency flood discharge channel. Then, the outlet of the first emergency flood discharge channel 13 is in communication with the outlet of the second emergency flood discharge channel 23, and after the communication, the outlets are merged into the converging drainage channel 5 and flow into the river channel 6 along the converging drainage channel 5. The first emergency flood discharge channel 13 and the second emergency flood discharge channel 23 merge into the converging drainage channel 5 to form a Y-shaped arrangement, which is suitable for the corresponding Y-shaped channel. According to the actual flood discharge capacity, flood discharge frequency and overall arrangement requirements of the converging drainage channel 5, the outlet of the converging drainage channel 5 can be arranged upstream of the slag stacking field 7 along the river channel 6.
[0025] In the design of the above prevention system, the following design method of the gully and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon area can be used: including the following steps: a. combining the scale of the slag stacking field 7, determining the level of each building and the flood standard and the emergency flood discharge standard of the emergency flood discharge channel; b. combining the layout position of the slag stacking field 7, determining the first water inlet 31 of the first drainage tunnel 3 and the second water inlet 41 of the second drainage tunnel 4 according to the topographic and geological conditions of the high mountain and canyon area where the slag stacking field 7 is located, the first water inlet 31 and the slag stacking field 7 have space conditions for arranging the first water retaining dam 12, the second water inlet 41 and the slag stacking field 7 have space conditions for arranging the second water retaining dam 22; the first water outlet 32 of the first drainage tunnel 3 and the second water inlet 41 of the second drainage tunnel 4 are communicated, and the second water outlet 42 of the second drainage tunnel 4 and the river channel 6 are communicated. c. The design flood discharge of the first branch ditch 1 is Q1, and the total amount of solid matter is V1; the design flood discharge of the second branch ditch (2) is Q2, and the total amount of solid matter is V2; the emergency flood discharge of the first branch ditch 1 through the first emergency flood discharge channel 13 is S1, and the emergency flood discharge of the second branch ditch 2 through the second emergency flood discharge channel 23 is S2; d. According to the topographic and geological conditions and combining with the regulations and specifications, the scale of the second water retaining dam 22 and the scale of the second drainage tunnel 4 are determined through tunnel hydraulics calculation, and the flood discharge of the second drainage tunnel 4 is required to be Q1+Q2; e. According to the topographic and geological conditions, the second retaining dam 21 is arranged at the position of the second water inlet 41 of the second drainage tunnel 4 towards the upstream of the second branch ditch 2, and the scale of the second retaining dam 21 is determined, which needs to meet the requirement of retaining the total amount of solid matter V2; f. According to the topographic and geological conditions, the first water inlet 31 of the first drainage tunnel 3 is arranged in the direction of the first branch ditch 1, and the first water outlet 32 of the first drainage tunnel 3 is between the second retaining dam 21 and the second water retaining dam 22, combining with the regulations and specifications, the scale of the first water retaining dam 12 and the scale of the first drainage tunnel 3 are determined through tunnel hydraulics calculation, which meets the requirement of the flood discharge of the first drainage tunnel 3 being Q1; g. According to the topographic and geological conditions, combining with the layout of the slag stacking field 7, the spatial arrangement positions of the first emergency flood discharge channel 13 of the first branch ditch 1, the second emergency flood discharge channel 23 of the second branch ditch 2 and the converging drainage channel 5 are determined; combining with the regulations and specifications, the scale of the first emergency flood discharge channel 13 is determined through channel hydraulics calculation, which meets the requirement of the emergency flood discharge of the first emergency flood discharge channel 13 being S1; the scale of the second emergency flood discharge channel 23 is determined, which meets the requirement of the emergency flood discharge of the second emergency flood discharge channel 23 being S2; the scale of the converging drainage channel 5 is determined, which meets the requirement of the emergency flood discharge of the converging drainage channel 5 being S1+S2.
Claims
1. A design method for a gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. Based on the scale of the slag heap (7), determine the level of each building and the flood standard, as well as the emergency flood discharge standard of the emergency drainage channel; b. Based on the location of the slag heap (7) and the topographic and geological conditions of the high mountain canyon area where the slag heap (7) is located, determine the first inlet (31) of the first drainage tunnel (3) and the second inlet (41) of the second drainage tunnel (4). The first inlet (31) and the slag heap (7) have the space to arrange the first water-retaining dam (12), and the second inlet (41) and the slag heap (7) have the space to arrange the second water-retaining dam (22). The first outlet (32) of the first drainage tunnel (3) is connected to the second inlet (41) of the second drainage tunnel (4), and the second outlet (42) of the second drainage tunnel (4) is connected to the river channel (6). c. The design flood flow of the first branch ditch (1) is Q1, and the total amount of solid matter is V1; the design flood flow of the second branch ditch (2) is Q2, and the total amount of solid matter is V2; the emergency flood discharge flow of the first branch ditch (1) through the first emergency drainage channel (13) is S1, and the emergency flood discharge flow of the second branch ditch (2) through the second emergency drainage channel (23) is S2; d. Based on the topographic and geological conditions and in accordance with the regulations and specifications, the scale of the second dam (22) and the scale of the second drainage tunnel (4) are determined through tunnel hydraulic calculations. The discharge flow of the second drainage tunnel (4) is required to be Q1+Q2. e. Based on the topographic and geological conditions, a second retaining dam (21) is arranged at the position of the second inlet (41) of the second drainage tunnel (4) facing the upstream of the second branch ditch (2). The scale of the second retaining dam (21) is determined. The second retaining dam (21) must meet the requirement of the total amount of solid material V2 to be blocked. f. Based on the topographic and geological conditions, the first inlet (31) of the first drainage tunnel (3) is located in the direction of the extension of the first branch ditch (1), and the first outlet (32) of the first drainage tunnel (3) is located between the second retaining dam (21) and the second water-retaining dam (22). In conjunction with the regulations and specifications, the scale of the first water-retaining dam (12) and the scale of the first drainage tunnel (3) are determined through tunnel hydraulic calculations to ensure that the flood discharge flow of the first drainage tunnel (3) is Q1. g. Based on the topographic and geological conditions and the layout of the slag heap (7), determine the spatial layout of the first emergency drainage channel (13) of the first branch ditch (1), the second emergency drainage channel (23) of the second branch ditch (2), and the confluence drainage channel (5); based on the regulations and specifications, determine the scale of the first emergency drainage channel (13) through channel hydraulic calculations, ensuring that the emergency drainage flow of the first emergency drainage channel (13) is S1; determine the scale of the second emergency drainage channel (23), ensuring that the emergency drainage flow of the second emergency drainage channel (23) is S2; determine the scale of the confluence drainage channel (5), ensuring that the emergency drainage flow of the confluence drainage channel (5) is S1+S 2。 2. The design method for the gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step g, the emergency drainage from the first emergency drainage channel (13) and the emergency drainage from the second emergency drainage channel (23) converge into the confluence drainage channel (5) and then are transported into the river channel (6).
3. The design method for the gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain canyon areas as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step b, the second outlet (42) is located downstream of the slag heap (7) along the river channel (6).
4. The design method for the gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain canyon areas as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step a, the first dam (12) and the second dam (22) are overflow gravity dams.
5. The design method for the gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon areas as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step b, a flat gate is provided at the first inlet (31). The flat gate is used to allow water to flow through the first dam (12) and the first emergency drainage channel (13) to the river during maintenance.
6. The design method for the gully water and debris flow prevention system in high mountain and canyon areas as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step b, a flat gate is provided at the second inlet (41). The flat gate is used to allow water to flow through the second dam (22) and the second emergency drainage channel (23) to the river during maintenance.