High-quality rice crab planting and breeding method
By modifying paddy field facilities and optimizing the rice-crab farming process, the problems of low crab yield and high disease rate were solved, achieving high yield, large size and low disease rate in rice-crab farming.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410789334.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-19
AI Technical Summary
Currently, rice-crab farming methods result in low crab yields, small crab sizes, and high disease rates, especially 'milk disease'.
By modifying paddy field facilities and optimizing the planting and breeding process, including setting up ring ditches, disinfection, cultivation of aquatic plants, scientific feeding, ecological regulation and disease prevention, and using photosynthetic bacteria, biocontrol bacteria and immune polysaccharides, combined with PCR detection technology, we ensure the introduction of healthy crab seedlings.
This approach has resulted in high yields, large sizes, and low disease rates of river crabs, improving their disease resistance and ensuring the health and efficient production of the paddy field ecosystem.
Smart Images
Figure CN121153550A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated rice-crab farming technology, specifically a high-quality rice-crab farming method. Background Technology
[0002] The rice-crab co-culture model organically integrates rice cultivation and crab farming. The rice paddies provide the crabs with space and aquatic environment, while the crabs, in turn, help control pests and weeds, and loosen the soil. This model produces green and pollution-free rice, and high-quality, safe crabs, achieving a win-win situation for both planting and farming, and is an effective way to develop modern agriculture. However, current rice-crab farming methods result in low crab yields, smaller crab sizes, and a higher incidence of "milk disease" in the crabs. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-quality rice-crab farming method that, through optimized farming processes, has the advantages of high yield, large size, and low disease incidence.
[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0005] A high-quality rice-crab farming method includes the following steps:
[0006] S1: Paddy field transformation: Select paddy fields with flat terrain, abundant water source, and convenient water inlet and drainage for transformation. Excavate a ring ditch around the bottom of the paddy field. The ring ditch is 1.2-1.5m wide, 0.6m-0.7m deep, and has a slope ratio of 1.5-2:1 to facilitate fertilization, pesticide application and harvesting. Water inlet and drainage and escape prevention facilities are also set up.
[0007] S2: Cleaning the paddy field: Disinfect the ring ditch 15-20 days before stocking, keep the water level of the ring ditch stable, the water quality meets the standards, and the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg / l;
[0008] S3: Aquatic plant cultivation: Transplant aquatic plants in early April to facilitate the habitat, hiding, growth and molting of crab seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate of crab seedlings. The area of aquatic plants should account for 30%-60% of the water surface.
[0009] S4: Rice planting: Select varieties that are adapted to the local geographical environment and climate, have good disease resistance, are not easy to lodging, and have high yield and quality. Fertilize and plow before planting. Use herbicides to completely weed the paddy field 7 days before transplanting. Use the pre-transplanting method. Plant rice seedlings with a row spacing of 30-35cm and a plant spacing of 10-15cm in early to mid-May. Increase the planting density appropriately around the field ridges and on both sides of the ditches. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and reduce topdressing.
[0010] S5: Crab seedling release: Select crab seedlings of uniform size, strong vitality and intact skin and temporarily raise them in the ring ditch. Feed them special feed regularly. After temporary raising, juvenile crabs will be obtained. After the rice seedlings tiller in early June, deepen the water in the paddy field and release the juvenile crabs into the paddy field. Feed them mainly with formulated feed, and fresh bait is best.
[0011] S6: Ecological regulation of rice-crab fields: Photosynthetic bacteria are regularly introduced into rice-crab fields to degrade residual feed, animal feces and other organic matter in the water, while absorbing and utilizing harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide in the water, thus purifying the water quality.
[0012] S7: Disease prevention and control: Laboratory microscopic examination and PCR rapid detection technology are used to quarantine and detect pathogens in seedlings to ensure that seedlings carrying pathogens are not introduced. In addition, biocontrol bacteria and immune polysaccharides are added to the feed and fed once a day during the temporary holding period to prevent the occurrence of "milk disease" in crabs and improve the resistance of crabs.
[0013] S8: Daily Management: Frequent patrols and observations, paying attention to the overall condition of the paddy fields, focusing on the integrity and effectiveness of escape prevention facilities, conducting at least two patrols per day, and changing the water in the fields every 20-25 days depending on the water quality.
[0014] S9: Scientific crab fishing and rice harvesting: Crabs are caught starting in late September, and rice is harvested after the crabs are caught.
[0015] Furthermore, the water inlet and drainage facilities described in S1 include water inlet and drainage outlets located at opposite ends of the paddy field, with the water inlet slightly higher than the paddy field surface and the drainage outlet located at the bottom of the ring ditch. The escape prevention facilities described in S1 include netting installed on the water inlet and drainage outlets, reinforcing and raising the paddy field ridges, and fencing the paddy field ridges with PU film and wooden stakes.
[0016] Furthermore, the disinfectant mentioned in S2 is quicklime, which is applied once a month at a dosage of 15 kg / mu, and the water level is maintained at 5-15 cm depending on the different rice growing stages.
[0017] Furthermore, the aquatic plants mentioned in S3 include submerged plants such as Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans, and floating plants such as Eichhornia crassipes and Hydrangea spp. They are planted in combination according to the water temperature and the biological characteristics of the aquatic plants, and the floating plants are fixed.
[0018] Furthermore, the fertilizer mentioned in S4 is mainly organic or bio-fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Before tilling, 55%-60% of the total amount of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers are applied as a base fertilizer in one go, and the remaining 40%-45% are applied as top dressing in 2-3 times.
[0019] Furthermore, the crab larvae mentioned in S5 are megalopa larvae, and the feeding method is 30%-35% animal feed, 30%-40% plant roughage, and 25%-40% aquatic plants;
[0020] Furthermore, the biocontrol bacteria mentioned in S7 are lactic acid bacteria, and the immunopolysaccharide is β-glucan.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0022] By modifying the paddy fields and water inlet and drainage facilities, the environment becomes more suitable for the growth of river crabs. Based on the living habits and optimal environment of river crabs, they are scientifically fed to ensure their growth and development at different stages. Ecological regulation is carried out in the rice-crab fields by adding photosynthetic bacteria to purify the water quality. Biocontrol bacteria and immune polysaccharides are added to the feed to improve the disease resistance of river crabs, thereby achieving the effects of increased production, improved quality, and reduced disease incidence. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] A high-quality rice-crab farming method includes the following steps:
[0026] S1: Paddy Field Renovation: Select paddy fields that meet relevant standards, have sufficient water sources, excellent water quality, and convenient water inlet and outlet for renovation. Excavate a ring ditch around the bottom of the paddy field. The ring ditch is 1.5m wide, 0.6m deep, and has a slope ratio of 2:1 to create a temporary holding pond. The water inlet and outlet are located at opposite ends of the paddy field. The water inlet is slightly higher than the paddy field surface, and the outlet is located at the bottom of the ring ditch. The netting above the water inlet and outlet is reinforced and raised, and the paddy field ridges are fenced off with PU film and wooden stakes.
[0027] S2: Cleaning the paddy field: Disinfect the ring ditch with quicklime 15 days before stocking, and apply it once a month at a rate of 15 kg / mu. The water level should be 5 cm in the early tillering stage, 15 cm in the middle and peak tillering stages, 10 cm in the jointing, booting, and heading stages, and intermittently irrigate every 3 days during the grain filling stage with a water depth of 10 cm.
[0028] The water quality should be maintained with dissolved oxygen at no less than 5 mg / L, pH at 7.5-8.5, transparency at 30-50 cm (preferably above 50 cm), ammonia nitrogen at 0.2-0.5 mg / L, hydrogen sulfide undetectable, and total nitrogen in the sediment less than 0.1%.
[0029] S3: Aquatic plant cultivation: Starting in early April, after adding water to the inlet and outlet ditches / ring ditches and disinfecting them with iodine preparation, aquatic plants are transplanted to facilitate the habitat, hiding, growth, and molting of crab seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate of crab seedlings. Aquatic plant species include submerged plants such as Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans; and floating plants such as Water Hyacinth and Water Lily. Floating plants are fixed, and the aquatic plant area accounts for 30%-60% of the water surface.
[0030] S4: Rice planting: Select Xiaozhan rice varieties that are adapted to the local geographical environment and climate, have good disease resistance, are not easy to lodging, and have high yield and quality. Fertilize and plow before planting. Use herbicides to completely weed the paddy field 7 days before transplanting. Use the pre-transplanting method. Plant Xiaozhan rice seedlings with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 10 cm in early to mid-May. Plant 11,000 Xiaozhan rice holes per mu. Increase the planting density appropriately around the field ridges and on both sides of the ditches. Fertilize mainly with organic fertilizer or bio-fertilizer and supplement with chemical fertilizer. Before turning the soil, apply 60% of the total amount of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer at once, and apply the remaining 40% as top dressing in 2 times.
[0031] S5: Crab larvae stocking: Select large-eyed larvae of uniform size, strong vitality, and intact skin for temporary rearing in a ring ditch, and feed them special feed regularly. After temporary rearing, they will become juvenile crabs. After the rice seedlings tiller in early June, deepen the water level in the paddy fields and release the juvenile crabs into the paddy fields. Feed them mainly with formulated feed, with fresh live bait being the best. During the feeding cycle of river crabs, animal feed should account for about 30%, plant-based roughage for about 30%, and aquatic plants for about 40%. From April to May, after the river crabs are transferred to the temporary rearing pond, feed them high-protein artificial formulated feed as soon as possible to supplement their natural bait. Feed once a day, with a daily feed amount of 8% of the crab's body weight, ensuring that the crabs molt 1-2 times during the temporary holding period; from June to August, the aquatic and terrestrial grasses in the rice paddies grow rapidly, providing relatively abundant food for the crabs, so feeding may be suspended or only done once a day in the evening, with the amount of feed being such that there is a slight surplus 2 hours after feeding, in order to reduce breeding costs; after September, the crabs enter the fattening period, and are fed a sufficient amount of complete artificial feed, supplemented with cooked corn, snails, etc., with a daily feed amount of 5% of the crab's body weight, to promote the development of the crab's gonads;
[0032] S6: Ecological regulation of rice-crab fields: Photosynthetic bacteria are regularly introduced into rice-crab fields to degrade residual feed, animal feces and other organic matter in the water, while absorbing and utilizing harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide in the water, thus purifying the water quality.
[0033] S7: Disease prevention and control: Laboratory microscopic examination and PCR rapid detection technology are used to quarantine and detect pathogens in seedlings to ensure that seedlings carrying pathogens are not introduced. In addition, lactic acid bacteria and β-glucan are added to the feed and fed once a day during the temporary holding period to prevent the occurrence of "milk disease" in crabs and improve the resistance of crabs.
[0034] S8: Daily Management: Frequent patrols and observations, pay attention to the overall condition of the paddy field, focus on the integrity and effectiveness of the escape prevention facilities, conduct at least two patrols per day, change the water in the field every 20-25 days according to the water quality, check for predatory organisms in the paddy field and remove them frequently, check for soft-shell crabs in the field and protect them frequently, check for diseases and prevent and control them frequently, check the escape prevention facilities and maintain them frequently.
[0035] S9: Scientific crab fishing and rice harvesting: Crab fishing begins in late September, and Xiaozhan rice is harvested after the crab fishing is completed.
Claims
1. A high-quality rice-crab farming method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: rice field modification: selecting a rice field with flat terrain, abundant water source, and convenient water inlet and outlet, digging a ring ditch around the bottom of the rice field, the ring ditch being 1.2-1.5 m wide, 0.6-0.7 m deep, and having a slope ratio of 1.5-2:1, so as to facilitate fertilization, pesticide spraying, and fishing, and setting water inlet and outlet facilities and anti-escape facilities; S2: cleaning the rice field: disinfecting the ring ditch 15-20 days before stocking, keeping the water level of the ring ditch stable, and ensuring that the water quality meets the standard and the dissolved oxygen is not less than 5 mg / l; S3: aquatic plant cultivation: transplanting water plants in early April, which is beneficial to the habitat, concealment, growth, and ecdysis of crab seeds, so as to improve the survival rate of the crab seeds, and the area of the water plants accounts for 30-60% of the water surface; S4: rice planting: selecting a variety that is suitable for the local geographical environment and climate, has good disease resistance, is not prone to lodging, and has high yield and quality, fertilizing and ploughing before planting, using herbicides to completely remove weeds in the rice field 7 days before rice seedling, using pre-seedling transplanting method, and planting rice seedlings with a planting density of 30-35 cm in row spacing and 10-15 cm in plant spacing in early to middle May, appropriately increasing the planting density around the ridge and on both sides of the ring ditch, applying sufficient basal fertilizer, and reducing topdressing; S5: crab seed stocking: selecting crab seeds with consistent specifications, strong vitality, and complete body skin, temporarily stocking the crab seeds in the ring ditch, regularly feeding the crab seeds with special feed, obtaining the crab seeds after temporary stocking, deepening the water in the rice field in early June after the rice seedlings have tillering, and making the crab seeds enter the rice field, so as to mainly feed the crab seeds with feed and preferably fresh bait; S6: ecological regulation of rice-crab field: regularly feeding photosynthetic bacteria into the rice-crab field, degrading residual feed, animal manure, and other organic matters in the water body, simultaneously absorbing and utilizing harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide in the water body, and playing a role in purifying water quality; S7: disease prevention: using laboratory microscopy and PCR rapid detection technology to conduct quarantine and pathogen detection on the seedlings, so as to ensure that no seedlings carrying pathogens are introduced, and adding biocontrol bacteria and immune polysaccharide in the feed, feeding the crab seeds with the feed once a day during temporary stocking, preventing the occurrence of "milk disease" of the river crab, and improving the resistance of the river crab; S8: daily management: observing frequently, paying attention to the overall condition of the rice field, and focusing on the integrity and effectiveness of the anti-escape facilities, so as to achieve at least 2 times of daily inspection, and changing the water in the field every 20-25 days according to the water quality; S9: scientific crab catching and rice harvesting: starting to catch the river crab in late September, and harvesting the rice after the crab catching is completed.
2. A method of breeding high quality rice crab seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The water inlet and outlet facilities in S1 comprise water inlets and outlets arranged at opposite ends of the rice field, the water inlets being slightly higher than the surface of the rice field, and the water outlets being arranged at the bottom of the ring ditch, the anti-escape facilities in S1 comprise a net-shaped object arranged on the water inlets and outlets, reinforced and heightened ridges, and a fence formed by a PU film and wooden stakes on the ridges.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The disinfectant in S2 is quicklime, which is applied once a month at a dosage of 15 kg / mu, and the water level is kept at 5-15 cm according to different rice periods.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The aquatic plants in S3 comprise submerged plants such as Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria denseseta, and floating plants such as Eichhornia crassipes and Nelumbo nucifera, and the floating plants are fixed according to water temperature and biological characteristics.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: S4 The fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary. Before land preparation, 55-60% of total amount of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizer is bottomed once, and the rest 40-45% is topdressed in 2-3 times.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: S5 The crab seedling is large-eyed larva, and feeding mode is that animal feed accounts for 30-35%, plant coarse feed accounts for 30-40%, and aquatic plants account for 25-40%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: S7 The biocontrol bacteria are lactic acid bacteria, and the immune polysaccharide is β-glucan.