Special formula fertilizer for tea trees

Abstract

The invention provides a formula fertilizer special for tea trees, and relates to the technical field of tea tree fertilizers. According to the precise fertilization method of the special formula fertilizer for the tea trees, the dosage proportion of the fertilizer used for root fertilization and leaf surface fertilization can be determined according to the growth condition of the tea trees, the method adopts a'root + crown 'combined mode, fertilization is divided into root fertilization and leaf surface fertilization, and the fertilization efficiency is greatly improved. The full-water-soluble formula fertilizer special for the tea trees is capable of providing land size on-site accurate formula adjustment in real time; therefore, the yield and the quality of the tea leaves are improved, and the production benefits of the tea leaves are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0002] This invention belongs to the field of tea tree fertilizer technology, specifically relating to a special formula fertilizer for tea trees. Background Technology

[0003] Tea, as an important economic crop, is widely cultivated globally. The growth and development of tea trees have specific requirements regarding soil fertility and nutrient supply. A key prerequisite for achieving high yields and quality tea is having a sufficient quantity of buds and leaves available for harvesting. Green tea places even greater emphasis on the tenderness of the fresh leaves and the balance of their internal substances, such as amino acids, tea polyphenols, and caffeine. This places higher demands on the nutrient composition, application, release rhythm, and absorption efficiency of fertilizers.

[0004] Currently, while some fertilizers used in tea cultivation have been formulated to suit local soil characteristics, such as by adding acidic amendments or supplementing specific trace elements, their application methods remain significantly limited. Most methods rely solely on root fertilization. However, once applied to the soil, these fertilizers are easily affected by local rainfall and soil colloid adsorption, leading to nitrogen loss and phosphorus fixation. This results in generally low fertilizer utilization, increasing planting costs and potentially impacting the quality and consistency of green tea leaves due to nutrient imbalances. A few methods use foliar spraying as supplementary fertilization, but these are mostly short-term supplements of single nutrients and do not synergize with root fertilization, failing to meet the dynamic nutrient needs of tea trees throughout their growth stages from spring budding to summer and autumn.

[0005] Therefore, developing a specialized fertilizer that can be adapted to two different application methods, and leveraging the advantages of long-term root fertilization and rapid foliar spraying through precise and efficient fertilization schemes, can improve fertilizer utilization, enhance nutrient absorption efficiency, and precisely control the proportion of substances contained in fresh leaves, thereby more effectively increasing the yield and quality of tea. This has become a pressing technical problem to be solved in the current tea tree planting field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a special formula fertilizer for tea trees. This formula fertilizer can be combined with precision fertilization methods to improve the yield and quality of tea, enhance the production efficiency of tea, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

[0007] This invention provides a precise fertilization method suitable for tea trees, comprising: The fertilization is divided into root fertilization and foliar fertilization. When fertilizing, measure the diameter of the thickest main stem of the tea tree at a height of 5cm above the ground as D1, in cm; The height of the tea tree canopy above the ground is defined as H1, with the unit being cm. The density of tea tree branches used for production is measured as D2, with units of branches / m². 2 ; The thickness of the tea leaf layer is measured as H2, with the unit being cm. The ratio of fertilizer used for root fertilization to fertilizer used for foliar fertilization shall be determined as follows; If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≤220, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:11, with 1 part used for foliar fertilization and 11 parts used for root fertilization. If 220 < [(9.8 × D1) × H1] + D2 ÷ H2 < 520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:5, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 5 parts for root fertilization. If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≥520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:3, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 3 parts for root fertilization.

[0008] Preferably, the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: Urea 2.7~2.9 parts, ammonium sulfate 1.5~1.7 parts, monoammonium phosphate 1.5~1.7 parts, potassium sulfate 2.3~2.5 parts, magnesium sulfate 0.9~1.1 parts, growth regulator 0.1~0.2 parts, excipients 0.4~0.6 parts; The growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano zinc oxide and polypeptide in a mass ratio of (0.5~1.5):(8~10).

[0009] Preferably, the excipients are citric acid and alginic acid.

[0010] Preferably, the urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, growth regulator and excipients are all 100% water-soluble.

[0011] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is diluted with water 400-600 times before application.

[0012] Preferably, the root fertilization is carried out in two applications: the first application is carried out at the end of October of the same year, using 60% of the total amount of root fertilizer; the second application is carried out in mid-May of the following year in conjunction with weeding and hoeing, using 40% of the total amount of root fertilizer. The foliar fertilization is carried out in three applications: the first application is carried out at the beginning of March of the following year, using 40% of the total amount of foliar fertilizer; the second application is carried out at the end of May of the following year, using 30% of the total amount of foliar fertilizer; and the third application is carried out in mid-August of the following year, using 30% of the total amount of foliar fertilizer.

[0013] This invention also provides a tea tree-specific formulated fertilizer suitable for the method described above, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: The ingredients are: 2.7-2.9 parts urea, 1.5-1.7 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.5-1.7 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.3-2.5 parts potassium sulfate, 0.9-1.1 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts growth regulator, and 0.4-0.6 parts excipients; the growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano zinc oxide and polypeptides in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(8-10); the excipients are citric acid and alginic acid.

[0014] Preferably, the urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, growth regulator and excipients are all 100% water-soluble.

[0015] The present invention also provides the application of the method or the tea-specific compound fertilizer in improving tea yield and / or quality.

[0016] Preferably, the application includes increasing the number of buds, bud length, weight of 100 buds with one bud and three leaves, SPAD value, amino acid content, tea polyphenol content, and phenol-amino acid ratio, among any one or more of these.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a precise fertilization method for tea trees, which determines the ratio of root fertilization to foliar fertilization based on the tea tree's growth status. The method employs a "root + crown" combination model, dividing fertilization into root and foliar applications, and provides a fully water-soluble, tea-specific formula fertilizer with real-time, plot-scale, precisely adjusted formulations. This improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, thereby increasing tea yield and quality, and enhancing tea production benefits. This invention also provides a fully water-soluble, tea-specific formula fertilizer to complement the aforementioned precise fertilization method. Applying this formula fertilizer in conjunction with the precise fertilization method can significantly improve tea yield and / or quality, including the number of buds, bud length, weight of 100 buds (one bud and three leaves), SPAD value, amino acid content, tea polyphenol content, and phenol-to-amino acid ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The image shows a comparison of the growth of tea trees after fertilization using the method of Example 5 and the method of Comparative Example 1 in Application Example 1. The experimental field was fertilized according to the method of Example 5, while the control field was fertilized according to the method of Comparative Example 1.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a magnified image of the growth effect of tea leaves in the experimental field after applying fertilizer as described in Example 1 (Example 5).

[0020] Figure 3 The image shows a comparison of the growth of tea trees after fertilization using the method of Example 6 and the method of Comparative Example 2 in Application Example 2. The experimental field was fertilized according to the method of Example 6, while the control field was fertilized according to the method of Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a precise fertilization method suitable for tea trees, comprising: The fertilization is divided into root fertilization and foliar fertilization. When fertilizing, measure the diameter of the thickest main stem of the tea tree at a height of 5cm above the ground as D1, in cm; The height of the tea tree canopy above the ground is defined as H1, with the unit being cm. The density of tea tree branches used for production is measured as D2, with units of branches / m². 2 ; The thickness of the tea leaf layer is measured as H2, with the unit being cm. The ratio of fertilizer used for root fertilization to fertilizer used for foliar fertilization shall be determined as follows; If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≤220, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:11, with 1 part used for foliar fertilization and 11 parts used for root fertilization. If 220 < [(9.8 × D1) × H1] + D2 ÷ H2 < 520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:5, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 5 parts for root fertilization. If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≥520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:3, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 3 parts for root fertilization.

[0022] In the precision fertilization method of this invention, the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, preferably composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7-2.9 parts urea, 1.5-1.7 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.5-1.7 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.3-2.5 parts potassium sulfate, 0.9-1.1 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts growth regulator, and 0.4-0.6 parts excipients; the growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano zinc oxide and polypeptides in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(8-10). The excipients are citric acid and alginic acid, with a mass ratio of 1:1. The urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, growth regulator, and excipients are preferably 100% water-soluble. Before foliar fertilization, it is preferably diluted 400-600 times with water, more preferably 500 times.

[0023] In this invention, when applying fertilizer to the roots, the weight proportions of fertilizer used for root fertilization are calculated according to the above formula; root fertilization refers to soil fertilization, which is carried out by manual application without trenching, application by drone, or irrigation. When applying fertilizer to the leaves, the weight proportions of fertilizer used for foliar spraying are calculated according to the above formula; foliar spraying refers to above-ground foliar fertilization, which is carried out by drone or manual foliar spraying.

[0024] This invention applies a special formula fertilizer for tea trees using a "root + crown" combination mode, which is a combination of underground soil (root) fertilization and above-ground leaf (crown) fertilization.

[0025] This invention also provides a tea tree-specific compound fertilizer suitable for the method described above, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7-2.9 parts urea, 1.5-1.7 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.5-1.7 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.3-2.5 parts potassium sulfate, 0.9-1.1 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts growth regulator, and 0.4-0.6 parts excipients; wherein the growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano-zinc oxide and polypeptides in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(8-10); and the excipients are citric acid and alginic acid. Preferably, the urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, growth regulator, and excipients are all 100% water-soluble components. As one optional embodiment, the tea-specific compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7 parts urea, 1.5 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.5 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.3 parts potassium sulfate, 0.9 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1 parts growth regulator, and 0.5 parts excipients; the growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano-zinc oxide and polypeptides in a mass ratio of 1:9. As another optional embodiment, the tea-specific compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.8 parts urea, 1.6 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.6 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.4 parts potassium sulfate, 1 part magnesium sulfate, 0.1 parts growth regulator, and 0.5 parts excipients; the growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano-zinc oxide and polypeptides in a mass ratio of 1:9. As another optional implementation, the tea tree-specific compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.9 parts urea, 1.7 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.7 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.5 parts potassium sulfate, 1.1 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1 parts growth regulator, and 0.5 parts excipients; the growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano zinc oxide and polypeptides in a mass ratio of 1:9.

[0026] In this invention, the nano zinc oxide can be obtained commercially, and the specific source is not further limited; the polypeptide is seaweed polypeptide fish protein (Weifang Huiyou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., common name: amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, technical indicators: amino acids ≥100g / L, Mg ≥30g / L).

[0027] The above-mentioned formula fertilizer of the present invention is the tea tree-specific formula fertilizer.

[0028] This invention also provides the application of the method or the tea-specific compound fertilizer in improving tea yield and / or quality. The application includes increasing any one or more of the following: bud number, bud length, weight of 100 buds with one bud and three leaves, SPAD value, amino acid content, tea polyphenol content, and phenol-to-amino acid ratio. In application, the tea-specific compound fertilizer is applied to the tea trees via root fertilization and foliar spraying.

[0029] In this invention, the total amount of fertilizer applied is 80-100 kg / mu, more preferably 80-90 kg / mu, and even more preferably 80 kg / mu; wherein, the total amount of fertilizer applied is the total amount of compound fertilizer used for root fertilization and foliar spraying. Root fertilization is carried out in two applications: the first application is carried out at the end of October of the same year, applying 60% of the total amount of fertilizer used for root fertilization; the second application is carried out in mid-May of the following year in conjunction with weeding and cultivation, applying 40% of the total amount of fertilizer used for root fertilization. Foliar fertilization is carried out in three applications: the first application is carried out in early March of the following year (generally when spring buds emerge), applying 40% of the total amount of fertilizer used for foliar fertilization; the second application is carried out at the end of May of the following year (when summer buds emerge), applying 30% of the total amount of fertilizer used for foliar fertilization; and the third application is carried out in mid-August of the following year (when autumn buds emerge), applying 30% of the total amount of fertilizer used for foliar fertilization.

[0030] The tea tree described in this invention is a normally growing tea tree that can be harvested, and there is no limit to the variety.

[0031] This invention provides a precise fertilization method for tea trees, which determines the ratio of root fertilization to foliar fertilization based on the tea tree's growth status. The method employs a "root + crown" combination model, dividing fertilization into root and foliar applications, and provides a fully water-soluble, tea-specific formula fertilizer with real-time, plot-scale, precisely adjusted formulations. This improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, thereby increasing tea yield and quality, and enhancing tea production benefits. This invention, combined with a tea-specific formula fertilizer, significantly improves tea yield and / or quality, specifically including the number of buds, bud length, weight of 100 buds (one bud and three leaves), SPAD value, amino acid content, tea polyphenol content, and phenol-to-amino acid ratio.

[0032] In the following embodiments of the present invention, SPAD is an abbreviation for "Soil and Plant Analyzer Development," and the SPAD value is a numerical value measured by a SPAD instrument. It is an important indicator for measuring the relative chlorophyll content of tea leaves. The principle is as follows: chlorophyll absorbs red light (650nm) at a specific wavelength more strongly and near-infrared light (940nm) less strongly. The SPAD instrument calculates the difference in light absorption at these two wavelengths and converts it into a relative value. A higher SPAD value indicates a higher chlorophyll content in the young leaves, stronger photosynthesis, greener leaf color, and is more suitable for tea production, resulting in better tea quality.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following examples are conventional methods; Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and materials mentioned are commercially available.

[0034] Example 1 A special formula fertilizer for tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: The formula fertilizer comprises 2.8 parts urea, 1.6 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.6 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.4 parts potassium sulfate, 1 part magnesium sulfate, 0.1 parts plant growth regulator, and 0.5 parts excipients. The plant growth regulator is a mixture of nano-zinc oxide and polypeptide in a 1:9 ratio. The excipients are citric acid and alginic acid in a 1:1 mass ratio. This tea-specific fertilizer is a solid granule, and all its raw materials are 100% water-soluble.

[0035] Example 2 A special formula fertilizer for tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: The formula fertilizer comprises 2.7 parts urea, 1.5 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.5 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.3 parts potassium sulfate, 0.9 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1 parts plant growth regulator, and 0.5 parts excipients. The plant growth regulator is a mixture of nano-zinc oxide and polypeptide in a 1:9 ratio. The excipients are citric acid and alginic acid in a 1:1 mass ratio. This tea-specific fertilizer is a solid granule, and all its raw materials are 100% water-soluble.

[0036] Example 3 A special formula fertilizer for tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: The formula fertilizer comprises 2.9 parts urea, 1.7 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.7 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.5 parts potassium sulfate, 1.1 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1 parts plant growth regulator, and 0.5 parts excipients. The plant growth regulator is a mixture of nano-zinc oxide and polypeptide in a 1:9 ratio. The excipients are citric acid and alginic acid in a 1:1 mass ratio. This tea-specific fertilizer is a solid granule, and all its raw materials are 100% water-soluble.

[0037] Example 4 A precise fertilization method suitable for tea trees is as follows: The fertilization is divided into root fertilization and foliar fertilization. Both root fertilization and foliar fertilization use the tea tree-specific formula fertilizer described in Example 1. When fertilizing, measure the diameter of the thickest main stem of the tea tree at a height of 5cm above the ground as D1, in cm; The height of the tea tree canopy above the ground is defined as H1, with the unit being cm. The density of tea tree branches used for production is measured as D2, with units of branches / m². 2 ; The thickness of the tea leaf layer is measured as H2, with the unit being cm. The ratio of fertilizer used for root fertilization to that used for foliar fertilization is determined according to the following formula and standard: If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≤220, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:11, with 1 part used for foliar fertilization and 11 parts used for root fertilization. If 220 < [(9.8 × D1) × H1] + D2 ÷ H2 < 520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:5, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 5 parts for root fertilization. If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≥520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:3, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 3 parts for root fertilization.

[0038] Example 5 Test site: Xuan'en County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province (109.32'14"E, 29.07'34"N), at an altitude of 703.9 meters.

[0039] Cultivated tea variety: Echa No. 10, 9 years old; Soil conditions: The tea garden has sandy loam soil with a pH of 5.02. The soil contains 154 mg / kg of total nitrogen, 23.2 mg / kg of available potassium, and 33.82 mg / kg of available phosphorus.

[0040] The experiment was conducted with two replicates, using a randomized block design, with each experimental plot measuring 40 m². 2 .

[0041] During fertilization, the fertilizer formula is adjusted precisely on-site according to the growth status of the tea trees, based on the specific plot size. According to the method in Example 4, the growth of the tea trees requiring fertilizer was measured on-site: the diameter of the thickest main trunk at a height of 5cm above the ground (D1, unit: cm), the height of the canopy surface from the ground (H1, unit: cm), and the density of producing branches (D2, unit: branches / m²). 2 Leaf layer thickness H2 (unit: cm); The dosage of compound fertilizer should be allocated according to the following formula and standard: If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≤220, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:11, with 1 part used for foliar fertilization and 11 parts used for root fertilization. If 220 < [(9.8 × D1) × H1] + D2 ÷ H2 < 520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:5, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 5 parts for root fertilization. If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≥520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:3, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 3 parts for root fertilization.

[0042] In this experiment, the crown width of the tea bush ranged from 109 to 114 cm (mean 111.5 cm), the crown height from the ground (H1) was 91 cm, the diameter of the thickest main stem at 5 cm above the ground (D1) was 1.72 to 2.36 cm (mean 2.04 cm), the leaf layer thickness (H2) was 18 to 23 cm (mean 20.5 cm), and the number of growing branches per square meter (D2) was 1667 to 1886 (mean 1777).

[0043] Based on the above calculation formula and allocation standard, the calculated value is 1905.96. The fertilization example chosen is [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≥520. The tea-specific compound fertilizer from Example 1 was divided in a 1:3 ratio, with 1 part reserved for foliar spraying (diluted 500 times with water) and 3 parts for root fertilization. In this example, the dosage of the tea-specific compound fertilizer was 80 kg / mu, of which 20 kg of the tea-specific compound fertilizer was diluted 500 times with water for foliar spraying, and the remaining 60 kg of the tea-specific compound fertilizer was used for root fertilization.

[0044] Specific fertilization method: The "root + crown" combination method is adopted, which is to apply fertilizer to the underground soil (roots) in combination with the above-ground leaves (crown) for fertilization.

[0045] Root fertilization: Fertilization is carried out in two stages. The first stage was on October 26, 2023, using trench fertilization. Along the rows of tea trees in the area, trenches 20cm wide and 15cm deep were dug from the root zone to 2 / 3 of the way down to the edge of the canopy. 60% (36kg / mu) of the tea tree-specific formula fertilizer for root fertilization was applied. The second stage was on May 13, 2024, when 40% (24kg / mu) of the fertilizer was applied in shallow trenches during weeding and cultivation, and then covered with soil.

[0046] Canopy fertilization: applied manually via foliar spray in three stages; the three stages are as follows: On March 4, 2024, the application rate was 7.5 kg per mu, sprayed twice, with a 10-day interval between sprays, at a dilution of 500 times. On May 28, 2024, the application rate was 7.5 kg per mu, sprayed in two applications, with a 10-day interval between applications, at a dilution of 500 times. On August 11, 2024, the dosage was 5 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), applied once, at a dilution of 500 times.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 Using locally sourced conventional fertilization (compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15)) as a control, the experiment was conducted with two replicates in a randomized block design, with each experimental plot measuring 40 m². 2 .

[0048] The fertilizer used was 80 kg of Yishizhuang compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15), applied using the conventional fertilization method, i.e., fertilization of the entire root system, twice. The first application was on October 26, 2023, using trench fertilization. Along the tea tree rows in the area, trenches 20 cm wide and 15 cm deep were dug from the root zone to 2 / 3 of the way down to the edge of the canopy. 60% of the fertilizer (48 kg / mu) for root fertilization was applied in these trenches. The second application was on May 13, 2024, where 40% of the fertilizer (32 kg / mu) was applied in shallow trenches during weeding and cultivation, and then covered with soil.

[0049] Application Example 1 I. Sampling The fertilization treatments in Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 were carried out starting in October 2023, and the surveys and sampling were conducted three times in late March, mid-June and early September 2024.

[0050] II. Sample Collection and Processing: (1) SPAD test: SPAD values ​​were measured for each treatment before the spring tea picking. Ten branches were selected and the SPAD values ​​of the upper part and middle old leaves of the first leaf below the bud were measured respectively; (2) Select 3 points in each treatment plot and count the number of buds and leaves within a 1-square-meter area to obtain the average value. The number of buds growing per square meter and the length of the buds for each treatment are recorded. One bud and two leaves are picked and weighed for yield evaluation.

[0051] (3) For each treatment, one bud and two leaves are picked, and green tea production and processing technology is used to make dry tea by hand for quality evaluation.

[0052] (4) Randomly sample the new shoots of each tea tree in each treatment, inactivate the harvested new shoots with liquid nitrogen, store them at -80℃, crush them with a plant pulverizer in liquid nitrogen environment, freeze dry them in vacuum and send them to relevant institutions for the determination of the biochemical quality of tea.

[0053] III. Test Results The comparison chart of the effects of fertilization after Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the experimental plots were fertilized according to Example 5, while the control plots were fertilized according to Comparative Example 1. Figure 1 It is evident that the experimental plots fertilized according to Example 5 showed better growth than the control plots fertilized according to Comparative Example 1, and the tea leaves were greener than those in the control plots fertilized according to Comparative Example 1. Figure 2 The image shows a magnified view of the tea leaf growth effect in the experimental field after fertilization according to Example 5. It can be seen that the tea leaves in the experimental field after fertilization according to Example 5 are green and lustrous, and of good quality.

[0054] SPAD measurement results: For the T1 treatment (Example 5), 10 branches were selected, and the SPAD values ​​were measured and averaged. The average value for mature leaves was 74.73, and the average value for the first leaf below the bud was 62.75. For the control (CK, Comparative Example 1), the average value for mature leaves was 68.27, and the average value for the first leaf below the bud was 54.86. A higher SPAD value indicates a higher chlorophyll content in the young leaves, stronger photosynthesis, greener leaf color, and is more suitable for tea production, resulting in better tea quality.

[0055] Table 1. SPAD determination results of tea leaves under different treatments

[0056] Results of bud and leaf count per square meter: Average number for treatment T1: 1745.5 buds / m² 2 The control group (CK) had an average of 1585.5 buds / m². 2 T1 was 10.1% higher than CK; bud length: the average length of 20 buds was measured. The bud length of T1 was 2.65cm, and the bud length of the control (CK) was 2.62cm. T1 was 6.32% higher than CK; average weight of 100 buds with one bud and three leaves: the average weight of T1 was 19g, and the average weight of CK was 18.1g. T1 was 4.97% higher than CK.

[0057] Production test results: One bud and two leaves were harvested from the experimental plots in spring, summer, and autumn and weighed. T1 yielded 11.66 kg in spring, 25.2 kg in summer, and 9.44 kg in autumn. CK yielded 10.19 kg in spring, 23.37 kg in summer, and 8.64 kg in autumn. The total annual yield of fresh leaves harvested for T1 was 46.3 kg, while that for CK was 42.2 kg, representing a 9.72% increase in yield for T1 compared to CK. In actual production, a higher spring tea yield correlates with higher tea production efficiency.

[0058] IV. Quality Inspection Fresh leaves with one bud and two leaves are picked, and tea samples are made using the fixation-rolling-drying process. The internal quality of the tea samples is evaluated blindly based on the color of the liquor, aroma, taste and infused leaves, in accordance with the national standard GB / T23776-2018 "Sensory Evaluation Methods for Tea".

[0059] A tea tasting panel of five local tea experts with extensive professional training was invited to conduct the evaluation. Sensory evaluation of the tea samples showed that T1 was greener and more vibrant in color (appearance) than CK, with a brighter green liquor, a fresher and more refreshing taste, and greener tea leaves.

[0060] The results of the biochemical analysis of tea by relevant institutions are as follows: The amino acid content of the T1 treatment was 3.64, while that of the CK treatment was 3.36. The tea polyphenol content of the T1 treatment was 21.5%, while that of the CK treatment was 21.8%. The calculated phenol-to-amino acid ratio was 5.91 for the T1 treatment and 6.49 for the CK treatment. The T1 treatment showed a significantly lower phenol-to-amino acid ratio compared to the CK treatment, resulting in better freshness and higher quality tea.

[0061] In summary, the application of this tea tree-specific formula fertilizer (experimental fertilizer) and the "root + crown" fertilization model, along with the use of precise and efficient fertilization schemes, has improved fertilizer utilization, significantly increased tea yield, and improved tea quality, providing a reliable guarantee for increasing income from tea cultivation.

[0062] Example 6 Test site: Xianfeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province (109.11'74"E, 29.85'52"N), at an altitude of 852.6 meters.

[0063] Cultivated tea variety: Anji White Tea, tree age 3 years; Soil conditions: The tea garden has loam soil with a pH of 5.51. The soil contains 127 mg / kg of total nitrogen, 28.5 mg / kg of available potassium, and 34.49 mg / kg of available phosphorus.

[0064] The experiment was conducted with two replicates, using a randomized block design, with each experimental plot measuring 40 m². 2 .

[0065] We provide real-time, site-specific, precise formula adjustments based on the tea tree growth status. When using the fertilizer, the growth of the tea trees requiring fertilizer should be measured on-site according to the method in Example 4: the diameter of the thickest main trunk at a height of 5cm above the ground (D1, unit: cm), the height of the canopy surface from the ground (H1, unit: cm), and the density of producing branches (D2, unit: branches / m²). 2 Leaf layer thickness H2 (unit: cm); The dosage of compound fertilizer should be allocated according to the following formula and standard: If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≤220, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:11, with 1 part used for foliar fertilization and 11 parts used for root fertilization. If 220 < [(9.8 × D1) × H1] + D2 ÷ H2 < 520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:5, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 5 parts for root fertilization. If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≥520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:3, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 3 parts for root fertilization.

[0066] In this experiment, the crown width of the tea bush was 53-56cm (mean 54.5cm), the height of the crown from the ground (H1) was about 41cm, the diameter of the thickest main trunk (D1) at a height of 5cm from the ground was 1.16-1.23cm (mean 1.19cm), the leaf layer thickness (H2) was 16-18cm (mean 17cm), and the number of growing branches per square meter (D2) was 323-337 (mean 330).

[0067] Based on the above calculation formula and allocation standard, the calculated value is 497.56. The fertilization example chosen is 220 < [(9.8 × D1) × H1] + D2 ÷ H2 < 520: the tea-specific compound fertilizer described in Example 2 is allocated at a 1:5 ratio, i.e., 1 part is reserved for foliar spraying (diluted 500 times with water), and 5 parts are used for root fertilization. In this example, the tea-specific compound fertilizer from Example 1 is used, with a dosage of 80 kg / mu. Of this, 13.3 kg of the tea-specific compound fertilizer is diluted 500 times with water for foliar spraying, and the remaining 66.7 kg of the tea-specific compound fertilizer is used for root fertilization.

[0068] Specific fertilization method: The "root + crown" combination method is adopted, which is to apply fertilizer to the underground soil (roots) in combination with the above-ground leaves (crown) for fertilization.

[0069] Root fertilization: The first application was on October 13, 2023, using trench fertilization. Along the tea tree rows in the community, trenches 20cm wide and 15cm deep were dug from the root zone to 2 / 3 of the distance from the edge of the canopy, and 60% (40kg) of the fertilizer was applied at once. The second application was on May 7, 2024, when 40% (26.7kg) of the fertilizer was applied in shallow trenches during cultivation and weeding.

[0070] Canopy fertilization: applied manually via foliar spray in three stages; the three stages are as follows: On March 11, 2024, the dosage was 5 kg per mu, sprayed in two applications, with a 10-day interval between applications, and the dilution was 500 times. On May 23, 2024, the application rate was 4.8 kg per mu, sprayed in two applications, with a 10-day interval between applications, at a dilution of 500. On August 18, 2024, the application rate was 3.5 kg per mu, with one application and a dilution of 500 times.

[0071] Comparative Example 2 The tea-specific compound fertilizer from Example 1 and conventional fertilization (Yishizhuang compound fertilizer (15-15-15)) were used as comparisons. Two replicates were conducted using a randomized block design, with each experimental plot measuring 40 m². 2 .

[0072] The fertilizer used was 110 kg of Yishizhuang compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15), applied using the conventional fertilization method, i.e., fertilization of the entire root system, twice. The first application was on October 13, 2023, using trench fertilization. Along the tea tree rows in the plot, trenches 20 cm wide and 15 cm deep were dug from the root zone to 2 / 3 of the way down to the edge of the canopy. 60% (66 kg / mu) of the fertilizer for root fertilization was applied in these trenches. The second application was on May 7, 2024, where 40% (44 kg / mu) of the fertilizer was applied in shallow trenches during weeding and cultivation, and then covered with soil.

[0073] Application Example 2 I. Sampling The fertilization treatments in Example 6 (T1 treatment) and Comparative Example 2 (control CK) were carried out starting in September 2023, and the survey and sampling were conducted three times in late March, early June and mid-September 2024.

[0074] II. Sample Collection and Processing: (1) SPAD test: SPAD values ​​were measured for each treatment before the spring tea picking. Ten branches were selected and the SPAD values ​​of the upper part and middle old leaves of the first leaf below the bud were measured respectively; (2) Select 3 points in each treatment plot and count the number of buds and leaves within a 1-square-meter area to obtain the average value. The number of buds growing per square meter and the length of the buds for each treatment are recorded. One bud and two leaves are picked and weighed for yield evaluation.

[0075] (3) For each treatment, one bud and two leaves are picked, and green tea production and processing technology is used to make dry tea by hand for quality evaluation.

[0076] (4) Randomly sample the new shoots of each tea tree in each treatment, inactivate the harvested new shoots with liquid nitrogen, store them at -80℃, crush them with a plant pulverizer in liquid nitrogen environment, freeze dry them in vacuum and send them to relevant institutions for the determination of the biochemical quality of tea.

[0077] III. Test Results The comparison chart of the effects of fertilization after Example 6 and Comparative Example 2 is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the experimental plots were fertilized according to Example 6, while the control plots were fertilized according to Comparative Example 2. Figure 3 It is evident that the experimental plots fertilized according to Example 6 showed better growth than the control plots fertilized according to Comparative Example 2, and the tea leaves were greener than those in the control plots fertilized according to Comparative Example 2.

[0078] SPAD test results: Ten branches of the T1 treatment (Example 6) were selected before spring tea picking, and the SPAD values ​​were measured and averaged. The average value for mature leaves was 76.32, and the average value for the first leaf below the bud was 39.33. In contrast, the average value for the control (CK, Comparative Example 2) for mature leaves was 73.39, and the average value for the first leaf below the bud was 29.39. A higher SPAD value indicates a higher chlorophyll content in the young leaves, stronger photosynthesis, and a stronger ability to produce nutrients (such as sugars), resulting in faster bud and leaf growth, which is suitable for the production of Anji white tea and produces higher quality tea.

[0079] Table 2. SPAD measurement results under different treatments

[0080] Results of bud and leaf count per square meter: Average number for treatment T1: 336.79 / m² 2 The control group (CK) had an average of 308.31 buds / m². 2 T1 was 9.23% higher than CK; bud length: the average length of 20 buds was measured, and the bud length of T1 was 2.89cm, while that of CK was 2.45cm, so T1 was 17.96% higher than CK; average weight of 100 buds with one bud and two leaves: the average weight of T1 was 15.2g, while that of CK was 13.1g, so T1 was 16.03% higher than CK.

[0081] Production test results: One bud and two leaves were harvested from the experimental plots in spring, summer, and autumn and weighed. T1 yielded 13.17 kg in spring, 21.62 kg in summer, and 7.85 kg in autumn. CK yielded 9.76 kg in spring, 19.08 kg in summer, and 7.25 kg in autumn. The total annual yield of fresh leaves harvested for T1 was 42.64 kg, while that for CK was 36.09 kg, representing an 18.15% increase in yield for T1 compared to CK. In actual production, a higher spring tea yield correlates with higher tea production efficiency.

[0082] IV. Quality Inspection Fresh leaves with one bud and two leaves are picked, and tea samples are made using the fixation-rolling-drying process. The internal quality of the tea samples is evaluated blindly based on the color of the liquor, aroma, taste and infused leaves, in accordance with the national standard GB / T23776-2018 "Sensory Evaluation Methods for Tea".

[0083] A tea tasting panel of five local tea tasters with long-term professional training was invited to conduct the evaluation. In terms of sensory evaluation, T1 should be emerald green with yellow tinge and white downy hairs. In terms of appearance, it is more in line with the typical characteristics of Anji white tea than CK. The tea soup is clearer and brighter, and the taste is fresher and more refreshing. After brewing, the leaves are jade white with emerald green veins, and the white and green colors are clear and bright (leaf base).

[0084] The results of the biochemical analysis of tea by relevant institutions are as follows: The amino acid content of the T1 treatment was 6.49, while that of the CK treatment was 6.13. The tea polyphenol content of the T1 treatment was 10.62, while that of the CK treatment was 11.76. The phenol-to-amino acid ratios of the T1 and CK treatments were 1.636 and 1.918, respectively. The phenol-to-amino acid ratio of the T1 treatment was significantly lower than that of the CK treatment, indicating that the tea had better freshness.

[0085] In summary, the application of this tea tree-specific fertilizer (experimental fertilizer) and the "root + crown" fertilization model, along with the use of precise and efficient fertilization schemes, has improved fertilizer utilization, significantly increased tea yield, and improved tea quality, providing a reliable guarantee for increasing income from tea cultivation.

[0086] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise fertilization method suitable for tea trees, characterized in that, include: The fertilization is divided into root fertilization and foliar fertilization. When fertilizing, measure the diameter of the thickest main stem of the tea tree at a height of 5cm above the ground as D1, in cm; The height of the tea tree canopy above the ground is defined as H1, with the unit being cm. The density of tea tree branches used for production is measured as D2, with units of branches / m². 2 ; The thickness of the tea leaf layer is measured as H2, with the unit being cm. The ratio of fertilizer used for root fertilization to fertilizer used for foliar fertilization shall be determined as follows; If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≤220, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:11, with 1 part used for foliar fertilization and 11 parts used for root fertilization. If 220 < [(9.8 × D1) × H1] + D2 ÷ H2 < 520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:5, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 5 parts for root fertilization. If [(9.8×D1)×H1]+D2÷H2≥520, the total amount of fertilizer should be allocated according to a weight ratio of 1:3, with 1 part for foliar fertilization and 3 parts for root fertilization.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: Urea 2.7~2.9 parts, ammonium sulfate 1.5~1.7 parts, monoammonium phosphate 1.5~1.7 parts, potassium sulfate 2.3~2.5 parts, magnesium sulfate 0.9~1.1 parts, growth regulator 0.1~0.2 parts, excipients 0.4~0.6 parts; The growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano zinc oxide and polypeptide in a mass ratio of (0.5~1.5):(8~10).

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The excipients are citric acid and alginic acid.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, growth regulators, and excipients are all 100% water-soluble.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foliar fertilizer should be diluted 400-600 times with water before application.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root fertilization is carried out in two applications: the first application is at the end of October of the same year, using 60% of the total root fertilization amount; the second application is in mid-May of the following year, combined with weeding and cultivation, using 40% of the total root fertilization amount. The foliar fertilization is carried out in three applications: the first application is at the beginning of March of the following year, using 40% of the total foliar fertilization amount; the second application is at the end of May of the following year, using 30% of the total foliar fertilization amount; and the third application is in mid-August of the following year, using 30% of the total foliar fertilization amount.

7. A tea tree-specific formulated fertilizer applicable to the method described in claims 1-6, characterized in that, Composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: The ingredients are: 2.7-2.9 parts urea, 1.5-1.7 parts ammonium sulfate, 1.5-1.7 parts monoammonium phosphate, 2.3-2.5 parts potassium sulfate, 0.9-1.1 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts growth regulator, and 0.4-0.6 parts excipients; the growth regulator is prepared by mixing nano zinc oxide and polypeptides in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(8-10); the excipients are citric acid and alginic acid.

8. The tea tree-specific compound fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, growth regulators, and excipients are all 100% water-soluble.

9. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the tea-specific compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 7 to 8 in improving tea yield and / or quality.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The applications include increasing the number of buds, bud length, weight of 100 buds with one bud and three leaves, SPAD value, amino acid content, tea polyphenol content, and phenol-amino acid ratio, among any one or more of these parameters.

Images