Fabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component and manufacturing method
By integrating devices such as rebar gauges, strain gauges, and wireless data acquisition instruments into prefabricated components, the complexity and damage issues of monitoring equipment in prefabricated subway stations are solved, enabling safe and efficient monitoring throughout the entire life cycle and ensuring construction quality and safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511493745.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-09
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the installation of prefabricated subway station component monitoring equipment is complex and costly, and it cannot achieve full life-cycle data collection and monitoring. There are risks of equipment damage and disassembly, which affect construction quality and safety.
The precast components integrate rebar gauges, strain gauges, multi-channel wireless data acquisition instruments, and interface force monitoring devices to achieve data acquisition and monitoring throughout the entire life cycle, avoiding equipment installation and disassembly during construction. They also connect to a remote platform via wireless communication modules to provide real-time data transmission.
It enables full lifecycle monitoring from production to operation and maintenance, reduces the risk of equipment damage, ensures construction safety, provides accurate component status assessment and adjustment guidance, and improves construction quality and safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN121297943A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of prefabricated component technology, specifically relating to a prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component and its manufacturing method. Background Technology
[0002] Prefabricated subway stations are assembled from large precast components like building blocks. Any manufacturing deviation, transportation damage, or minor misalignment during installation of a single component can affect the precise connection of subsequent components and even jeopardize the long-term safety and waterproofing performance of the overall structure. Therefore, by monitoring the spatial stress state of components and the behavior of connection nodes in real time, it is possible to dynamically verify whether the construction strictly conforms to the design intent, promptly identify and correct deviations, and prevent the accumulation of problems. This is not only a key means of controlling construction quality and ensuring structural safety, but the accumulated data is also a valuable asset for optimizing future designs and promoting intelligent construction, providing indispensable data support for the precision, efficiency, and controllability of the entire assembly process.
[0003] Currently, to maintain overall monitoring of stations under construction, two methods are commonly used: installing monitoring equipment on the surface of structural components or pre-embedding monitoring sensors. Installing strain gauges or displacement gauges on the component surface typically requires grinding and cleaning the installation area beforehand. Strain gauges are directly adhered using high-strength special adhesive, and pressure is applied to ensure a complete seal. For heavy-duty displacement gauges, holes need to be drilled and expansion bolts installed to fix them to the concrete component, causing some degree of damage to the component. The pre-embedded monitoring sensor method involves embedding various sensors into the components in advance, combined with data acquisition equipment, eliminating the need for monitoring equipment installation and manual data collection during construction.
[0004] When using surface-mounted monitoring equipment, the installation process can take several hours, increasing the cost and complexity of subway projects. Monitoring equipment installed during construction also needs to be removed after completion, further increasing the time and cost of monitoring equipment.
[0005] When using pre-embedded monitoring sensors, the data acquisition equipment is usually connected to the pre-embedded sensor cables after the component curing is completed, so it is impossible to monitor the status of the component during the production process; at the same time, the acquisition equipment is externally mounted on the surface of the component, which is easily damaged during the transportation and assembly of the component, and needs to be removed after construction is completed, so it cannot continuously provide monitoring data in the later operation and maintenance stage. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component and its manufacturing method, which can realize full life-cycle monitoring of prefabricated components from production, transportation, assembly to operation and maintenance, while eliminating the need for equipment installation and disassembly during construction, reducing the risk of equipment collisions and component damage.
[0007] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: a prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component, comprising a component body, wherein a rebar gauge, a strain gauge, a multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument, and an interface force transmission monitoring device are installed inside the component body; when the component body is a side wall, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument is installed on the back soil surface of the component; when the component body is a top slab, middle slab, or longitudinal beam, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument is installed on the upper surface of the component; the interface force transmission monitoring device is fixed inside the component assembly node, the surface of the interface force transmission monitoring device is flush with the surface of the component assembly node, and is poured into the component with concrete; the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument includes a data acquisition unit, a communication module, a power module, and an acquisition unit housing; the data acquisition unit, communication module, and power module are all located inside the acquisition unit housing, and the outside of the acquisition unit housing is provided with a socket connected to the data acquisition unit; the power module is used to supply power to the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument; the communication module is connected to the data acquisition unit and is used for data transmission with a remote monitoring platform; the rebar gauge and strain gauge are connected to the socket via cables.
[0008] Furthermore, the rebar gauge and strain gauge are located at the middle and both ends of the component body. The rebar gauge is connected to the main reinforcement inside the component body, and the strain gauge is tied to one side of the main reinforcement inside the component body.
[0009] Furthermore, the rebar gauge has sleeves at both ends, and connecting rods are provided inside the sleeves; the main reinforcement of the component body is cut off with a cut-off segment consistent with the rebar gauge, and the connecting rods at both ends of the rebar gauge are welded and fixed to the sides of the main reinforcement at both ends of the cut-off segment.
[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the connecting rod is the same as the diameter of the main rib of the component body, and the length of the connecting rod is not less than ten times its diameter.
[0011] Furthermore, the data acquisition device has an upper shell and a lower shell, which are detachably and fixedly connected. The data acquisition device, communication module, and power module are located inside the lower shell.
[0012] Furthermore, the upper and lower housings are detachably fixed together by bolts, and the interior of the data acquisition device housing and the bolt holes are cast with epoxy resin.
[0013] Furthermore, an antenna is connected to the communication module, and the antenna is disposed on the upper housing.
[0014] Furthermore, the communication module includes an RS485 communication interface, a 4G module, and a LoRa module.
[0015] Furthermore, the power module has a polymer lithium battery pack.
[0016] A method for manufacturing self-sensing intelligent components for prefabricated subway stations includes the following steps:
[0017] S1, accurate rebar gauge and strain gauge, with connecting rods installed at the upper and lower sleeves according to the diameter of the rebar gauge;
[0018] S2. After the steel cage of the component body is made, determine the installation position of the steel bar at the main reinforcement at the middle and both ends of the component body, and cut off the main reinforcement at the installation position of the steel bar, with the cut-off length being the same as the length of the steel bar.
[0019] S3, the connecting rod is welded and fixed to the main reinforcement by lap welding, the reinforcement gauge is connected between the main reinforcements at the installation position of the reinforcement gauge, and the strain gauge is tied to the main reinforcement.
[0020] S4. Install the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device in the steel cage and tie it to the steel cage. The multi-channel wireless data acquisition device is flush with the surface of the component body. Connect the steel gauge, strain gauge and multi-channel wireless data acquisition device through a cable. After the connection is completed, collect the initial data and set the initial sampling frequency.
[0021] S5, determine the location of component assembly nodes, and customize the interface force transmission monitoring device according to the size and shape of the assembly nodes;
[0022] S6, Install the interface force transmission monitoring device in the assembly node, with its surface flush with the node surface and tied and fixed with the reinforcing steel;
[0023] S7. The steel cage is placed into the formwork and concrete is poured to prefabricate the component. The component is demolded after the concrete reaches the design strength and curing time.
[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0025] (1) This invention realizes full life cycle monitoring of prefabricated components from production, transportation, assembly to operation and maintenance, avoiding the risks of equipment installation during construction, equipment disassembly after construction and equipment collision. The monitoring data can guide component production and on-site assembly construction, evaluate component status, and assist in adjusting component posture, avoiding component instability caused by uncoordinated contact force transmission, and ensuring the safety of prefabricated subway station assembly construction.
[0026] (2) By pre-embedding steel bars, strain gauges, multi-channel wireless data acquisition instruments, and interface force transmission monitoring devices in the component body, intelligent components that are self-sensing of stress and deformation are manufactured, realizing full life cycle monitoring of prefabricated components from production, transportation, assembly to operation and maintenance.
[0027] (3) By using the steel gauges and strain gauges at the main reinforcement bars in the middle and both ends of the component body, the stress and deformation status of the component can be accurately monitored, and damage caused by structural deformation and stress concentration under complex working conditions can be detected in a timely manner. The condition of the component can be assessed and the production and construction of the component can be guided.
[0028] (4) The multi-channel wireless data acquisition device integrates the data acquisition device, communication module and power module into the component body, avoiding the risks of equipment installation during construction, equipment disassembly after construction and equipment collision, and realizing data acquisition throughout the entire life cycle of the component.
[0029] (5) By pre-embedding interface force transmission monitoring devices at component assembly nodes, the stress state of the contact interface of the assembly nodes is monitored, the stability of the assembly process is evaluated, and the safety of the assembly construction of prefabricated subway stations is ensured. Attached Figure Description
[0030] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component, taking the side wall as an example, in this invention.
[0031] Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component, taking the side wall as an example, in this invention.
[0032] Figure 3 This is the third structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component, taking the side wall as an example, in this invention.
[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.
[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument in this invention.
[0035] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the top slab components.
[0036] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the middle plate component.
[0037] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of a longitudinal beam member. Detailed Implementation
[0038] Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The descriptions of the exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and are in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use. The invention can be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to make the invention thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions, and values set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting.
[0039] The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. Words such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the element preceding the word encompasses the element listed after it, without excluding the possibility of encompassing other elements. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0040] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component is disclosed, including a component body 1. Inside the component body 1 are installed a rebar gauge 2, a strain gauge 3, a multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4, and an interface force transmission monitoring device. When the component body 1 is a side wall, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4 is installed on the back surface of the component. When the component body 1 is a top slab, middle slab, or longitudinal beam, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4 is installed on the upper surface of the component. The interface force transmission monitoring device is fixed within the component assembly node, with its surface flush with the surface of the assembly node, and is embedded within the component along with the concrete pouring. The multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4 includes a data acquisition unit 41, a communication module 42, a power supply module 43, and an acquisition unit housing 45. The data acquisition unit 41, the communication module 42, and the power supply module 43 are all located inside the acquisition unit housing 45. A socket for connecting the data acquisition unit 41 is provided on the outside of the acquisition unit housing 45. The power supply module 43 is used to supply power to the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4. The communication module 42 is connected to the data acquisition unit 41 and is used for data transmission with the remote monitoring platform. The rebar gauge 2 and the strain gauge 3 are connected to the socket via cables.
[0041] In the above embodiments, by pre-embedding a steel bar gauge 2, strain gauge 3, multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4, and interface force transmission monitoring device within the component body 1, an intelligent component capable of self-sensing stress and deformation is manufactured, enabling full life-cycle monitoring of prefabricated components from production, transportation, assembly to operation and maintenance. The steel bar gauge 2 and strain gauge 3 at the main reinforcement bars in the middle and both ends of the component body 1 enable precise monitoring of the component's stress and deformation status, timely detection of structural deformation and damage caused by stress concentration under complex working conditions, assessment of component status, and guidance for component production and construction. The multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4 integrates a data acquisition unit 41, a communication module 42, and a power module 43, pre-embedded within the component body 1, avoiding risks associated with equipment installation during construction, equipment disassembly after construction, and equipment collisions, while achieving full life-cycle data acquisition for the component. By pre-embedding an interface force transmission monitoring device at the component assembly nodes, the stress state of the contact interface at the assembly nodes is monitored, the stability of the assembly process is assessed, and the safety of prefabricated subway station assembly construction is ensured.
[0042] In some embodiments, as a specific installation method of the rebar gauge 2 and strain gauge 3, the rebar gauge 2 and strain gauge 3 are set at the middle and both ends of the component body 1. The rebar gauge 2 is connected to the main reinforcement 11 inside the component body 1, and the strain gauge 3 is tied to one side of the main reinforcement 11 inside the component body 1. More specifically, when the component body 1 is a side wall, there are six rebar gauges 2 and six strain gauges 3. The rebar gauges 2 and six strain gauges 3 are connected to the inner and outer main reinforcement 11 of the component body 1 and are installed at the middle and both ends of the component body 1, respectively. When the component body 1 is a top plate, middle plate, or longitudinal beam, there are six rebar gauges 2 and six strain gauges 3. The rebar gauges 2 and six strain gauges 3 are connected to the upper and lower main reinforcement 11 of the component body 1 and are installed at the middle and both ends of the component body 1, respectively. In this embodiment, the rebar gauges 2 and six strain gauges 3 are vibrating wire sensors. The strain gauges 3 are fixed to the main reinforcement 11 by binding with thin wires. The cables connected to the rebar gauges 2 and six strain gauges 3 are led out along the direction of the reinforcement and tied to the reinforcement to prevent them from being torn during the concrete pouring process.
[0043] In some embodiments, the rebar gauge 2 has sleeves 21 at both ends, and connecting rods 5 are provided inside the sleeves 21; the main reinforcement 11 of the component body 1 is cut off with a section 12 that is the same as the rebar gauge 2, and the connecting rods 5 at both ends of the rebar gauge 2 are welded and fixed to the sides of the main reinforcement 11 at both ends of the section 12; the diameter of the connecting rod 5 is the same as the diameter of the main reinforcement 11 of the component body 1, and the length of the connecting rod 5 is not less than ten times its diameter; before the rebar gauge 2 is used, the sleeves 21 are threaded to its two ends, and the other end of the sleeves 21 is fixedly connected to the connecting rods 5, the diameter of the connecting rods 5 is the same as the main reinforcement 11, and the length is not less than 10 times the diameter of the main reinforcement 11; the connecting rods 5 at both ends of the rebar gauge 2 are welded and fixed to the main reinforcement 11 by lap welding, and the lap welding length is not less than 10 times the diameter of the main reinforcement 1. When welding, the part of the rebar gauge 2 needs to be wrapped with a wet towel for cooling or other acceptable cooling methods should be adopted.
[0044] In some embodiments, the data acquisition device housing 45 has an upper housing 451 and a lower housing 452, which are detachably and fixedly connected. The data acquisition device 41, the communication module 42, and the power module 43 are disposed inside the lower housing 452. More specifically, the upper housing 451 and the lower housing 452 are polymer housings.
[0045] In some embodiments, the upper housing 451 and the lower housing 452 are detachably fixedly connected by bolts, and the interior of the data acquisition device housing 45 and the bolt holes are cast with epoxy resin; during installation, the upper housing 451 is flush with the surface of the component body 1 and is cast into the interior of the component body 1 along with the concrete.
[0046] In some embodiments, an antenna 44 is connected to the communication module 42, and the antenna 44 is disposed on the upper housing 451.
[0047] In some embodiments, the communication module 42 includes an RS485 communication interface, a 4G module, and a LoRa module. The RS485 communication interface, the 4G module, and the LoRa module provide a variety of different communication methods, which can be selected according to the actual project.
[0048] In some embodiments, the power module 43 has a polymer lithium battery pack that can support the power consumption of the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4 for a period of time.
[0049] In some embodiments, the interface force transmission monitoring device includes a distributed optical fiber sensor and a polyurethane housing. The distributed optical fiber sensor and the polyurethane housing are integrally formed, and optical fiber lines are pre-installed on the outside of the polyurethane housing for easy connection to an optical fiber demodulator. During installation, the interface force transmission monitoring device is fixed inside the component assembly node, with the surface of the interface force transmission monitoring device flush with the surface of the node, and is poured into the component body 1 along with the concrete.
[0050] In the above embodiments, the socket on the multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument 4 adopts a waterproof, sealed, and corrosion-resistant interface, and the cable connection is wrapped with anti-electric and waterproof tape.
[0051] In some embodiments, a method for manufacturing a self-sensing intelligent component for a prefabricated subway station is disclosed, comprising the following steps:
[0052] S1, accurate reinforcement gauge 2, strain gauge 3, according to the diameter of reinforcement gauge 2, install connecting rod 5 at the upper and lower sleeves 21 respectively. The diameter of connecting rod 5 is the same as that of main reinforcement 11, and the length is not less than 10 times the diameter of main reinforcement 11.
[0053] S2, After the steel cage of the component body 1 is made, determine the installation position of the steel bar 2 at the main reinforcement bars in the middle and at both ends of the component body 1, and cut off the main reinforcement bar 11 at the installation position of the steel bar 2, with the cut-off length being the same as the length of the steel bar 2.
[0054] S3, the connecting rod 5 is welded and fixed to the main reinforcement 11 by lap welding. The lap welding length is not less than 10 times the diameter of the reinforcement. When welding, the sensor part of the reinforcement gauge 2 needs to be wrapped with a wet towel to cool it down. The reinforcement gauge 2 is connected between the main reinforcement at the installation position of the reinforcement gauge 2. The strain gauge 3 is tied to the main reinforcement 11 with fine wire. The cables of the reinforcement gauge 2 and the strain gauge 3 are led out along the direction of the reinforcement and tied to the reinforcement to prevent them from being torn during the concrete pouring process.
[0055] S4. Install the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device in the rebar cage and tie it to the rebar cage to prevent the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device from moving or floating during concrete pouring. The multi-channel wireless data acquisition device is flush with the surface of the component body. When the component body 1 is a side wall, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device is installed on the back soil surface of the component body 1. When the component body 1 is a top plate, middle plate, or longitudinal beam, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device is installed on the upper surface of the component body 1. Connect the rebar gauge 2, strain gauge 3 and multi-channel wireless data acquisition device 4 through a cable. After the connection is completed, collect the initial data and set the initial sampling frequency.
[0056] S5, determine the location of component assembly nodes, and customize the interface force transmission monitoring device according to the size and shape of the assembly nodes;
[0057] S6. Install the interface force transmission monitoring device inside the assembly node, with its surface flush with the node surface and tied and fixed with the reinforcing steel. The interface force transmission monitoring device includes an integrally formed distributed optical fiber sensor and a polyurethane shell. Optical fiber lines are reserved on the outside of the polyurethane shell, and the reserved optical fiber lines are protected by PVC pipes to prevent damage.
[0058] S7. The steel cage is placed into the formwork and concrete is poured to prefabricate the component. The component is demolded after the concrete reaches the design strength and curing time.
[0059] The various embodiments of the present invention have now been described in detail. To avoid obscuring the concept of the invention, some details known in the art have not been described. Those skilled in the art will fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein based on the above description.
[0060] The embodiments described above only illustrate some implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component, characterized in that: The component body includes a steel bar gauge, a strain gauge, a multi-channel wireless data acquisition instrument, and an interface force transmission monitoring device. When the component body is a side wall, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device is installed on the back soil surface of the component; when the component body is a top plate, middle plate, or longitudinal beam, the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device is installed on the upper surface of the component. The interface force transmission monitoring device is fixed inside the component assembly node, and the surface of the interface force transmission monitoring device is flush with the surface of the component assembly node and is poured into the component along with the concrete. The multi-channel wireless data acquisition device includes a data acquisition unit, a communication module, a power module, and an acquisition unit housing. The data acquisition unit, communication module, and power module are all located inside the acquisition unit housing. The outside of the acquisition unit housing is provided with a socket for connecting to the data acquisition unit. The power module is used to supply power to the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device. The communication module is connected to the data acquisition unit and is used for data transmission with a remote monitoring platform. The rebar gauge and strain gauge are connected to the socket via cables.
2. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rebar gauge and strain gauge are located at the middle and both ends of the component body. The rebar gauge is connected to the main reinforcement inside the component body, and the strain gauge is tied to one side of the main reinforcement inside the component body.
3. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rebar gauge has sleeves at both ends, and connecting rods are provided inside the sleeves; the main reinforcement of the component body is cut off with a cut-off segment consistent with the rebar gauge, and the connecting rods at both ends of the rebar gauge are welded and fixed to the sides of the main reinforcement at both ends of the cut-off segment.
4. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the connecting rod is the same as the diameter of the main rib of the component body, and the length of the connecting rod is not less than ten times its diameter.
5. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition device has an upper shell and a lower shell, which are detachably and fixedly connected. The data acquisition unit, communication module and power module are located inside the lower shell.
6. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper and lower housings are detachably fixed together by bolts, and the interior of the data acquisition device housing and the bolt holes are cast with epoxy resin.
7. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 5, characterized in that: An antenna is connected to the communication module, and the antenna is mounted on the upper housing.
8. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module includes an RS485 communication interface, a 4G module, and a LoRa module.
9. The prefabricated subway station self-sensing intelligent component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module has a polymer lithium battery pack.
10. A method for manufacturing self-sensing intelligent components for prefabricated subway stations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, accurate rebar gauge and strain gauge, with connecting rods installed at the upper and lower sleeves according to the diameter of the rebar gauge; S2. After the steel cage of the component body is made, determine the installation position of the steel bar at the main reinforcement at the middle and both ends of the component body, and cut off the main reinforcement at the installation position of the steel bar, with the cut-off length being the same as the length of the steel bar. S3, the connecting rod is welded and fixed to the main reinforcement by lap welding, the reinforcement gauge is connected between the main reinforcements at the installation position of the reinforcement gauge, and the strain gauge is tied to the main reinforcement. S4. Install the multi-channel wireless data acquisition device in the steel cage and tie it to the steel cage. The multi-channel wireless data acquisition device is flush with the surface of the component body. Connect the steel gauge, strain gauge and multi-channel wireless data acquisition device through a cable. After the connection is completed, collect the initial data and set the initial sampling frequency. S5, determine the location of component assembly nodes, and customize the interface force transmission monitoring device according to the size and shape of the assembly nodes; S6, Install the interface force transmission monitoring device in the assembly node, with its surface flush with the node surface and tied and fixed with the reinforcing steel; S7. The steel cage is placed into the formwork and concrete is poured to prefabricate the component. The component is demolded after the concrete reaches the design strength and curing time.