Preparation method of eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material
By chemical modification and hot pressing, a natural wood-plastic composite material based on Eucommia bark was prepared, which solved the problem of low utilization rate of Eucommia bark resources and achieved efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of Eucommia bark resources and improvement of material performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511681613.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively utilize Eucommia bark resources, especially inferior products, processing scraps, and medicinal residues. Furthermore, traditional extraction and separation processes are costly and environmentally stressful, limiting their application in wood-plastic composites.
Eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composites are prepared through chemical treatment and hot pressing, including mechanical crushing, NaOH solution treatment, hydrogen peroxide and formic acid modification, and hot pressing to achieve self-adhesive molding and avoid the use of additional adhesives.
This method maximizes the utilization of Eucommia bark resources, reduces costs and environmental pressure, and produces a natural wood-plastic composite material with excellent mechanical properties, water resistance, and biodegradability.
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Figure CN121319397A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application relates to the application of Eucommia ulmoides bark in the field of functional materials, and in particular to a preparation method of Eucommia ulmoides bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material. BACKGROUND
[0002] Eucommia ulmoides is a unique ancient tree species in China, belongs to a single-species plant of Eucommiaceae, has extremely high ecological and economic values, is a traditional Chinese medicinal material and an important industrial raw material, and is praised as a "Chinese rubber tree" due to the unique white filamentous material Eucommia ulmoides gum in addition to medicinal ingredients. Eucommia ulmoides gum is a trans-1,4-polyisoprene high molecular material, which has a different spatial structure although the chemical composition is the same as that of natural rubber. Compared with the harsh growth conditions of tropical rubber trees, Eucommia ulmoides can be cultivated in temperate and subtropical zones, which makes it a strategic alternative rubber source. According to the 2025 China Eucommia ulmoides bark data detection report, the downstream processing and application fields of Eucommia ulmoides bark show a diversified development trend in China. In addition to traditional Chinese medicinal materials, Eucommia ulmoides bark is also an important raw material in the fields of green rubber products, aerospace materials, textile industry, food additives and cosmetic industry. The new material field has become an important growth point for the application of Eucommia ulmoides bark.
[0003] From the components and structure, Eucommia ulmoides bark is a natural "cellulose-bio-based polymer Eucommia ulmoides gum" composite material. In industrial applications, the extraction process of EUG is much more complex than that of natural rubber. Because it is tightly embedded in the cell wall, it needs to be separated by mechanical and enzymatic methods, which is also the main bottleneck restricting its industrial application. Therefore, the utilization mode of EUG reservation is adopted to realize the full component utilization of Eucommia ulmoides bark at the level of wood supramolecular structure. Through structure reconstruction, Eucommia ulmoides bark, including inferior products, processing scraps and Eucommia ulmoides bark residues, will become a key breakthrough for tapping the potential of this biological resource.
[0004] In view of this, the application develops Eucommia ulmoides bark-based materials with wide application potential by chemically treating Eucommia ulmoides bark scraps. SUMMARY
[0005] The application aims to provide a preparation method of Eucommia ulmoides bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material. Specifically, the application aims to fully utilize Eucommia ulmoides bark resources, avoid high costs and environmental pressure caused by traditional extraction and separation, and at the same time, through specific chemical treatment and hot pressing treatment, Eucommia ulmoides bark scraps are self-bonded and formed without additional adhesive, the process is simple and environment-friendly. The prepared Eucommia ulmoides bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material has excellent mechanical properties, good water resistance and biodegradability.
[0006] The application provides a preparation method of a eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material, and has the characteristics that the method comprises the following steps:
[0007] S1: eucommia bark is taken to remove impurities, mechanically pulverized, and eucommia bark chips are obtained;
[0008] S2: the eucommia bark chips obtained in the first step are added into a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 5-20%, heated for a period of time, after the reaction is completed, filtered and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral, and alkali-treated eucommia bark chips are obtained;
[0009] S3: the alkali-treated eucommia bark chips obtained in the second step are dispersed in deionized water, hydrogen peroxide (with a mass fraction of 30%) and formic acid are sequentially added, heated for a period of time, after the reaction is completed, filtered and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral, and epoxidized modified eucommia bark chips are obtained;
[0010] S4: the modified eucommia bark chips obtained in the third step are laid in a mold, and hot-pressed under certain temperature and pressure for a period of time, and a eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material is obtained.
[0011] Preferably, the heating treatment temperature in S2 is 40-90 DEG C, and the reaction time is 1-6 h.
[0012] Preferably, in S3, the solid-liquid ratio of the bark chips and deionized water is 1:(5-10), the mass ratio of the bark chips and hydrogen peroxide is 1:(0.5-2), and the mass ratio of the bark chips and formic acid is 1:(0.5-1).
[0013] Preferably, the heating treatment temperature in S3 is 30-60 DEG C, and the reaction time is 1-4 h.
[0014] Preferably, in S4, the hot-pressing temperature for densification treatment is 60-100 DEG C, the pressure is 5-30 Mpa, and the hot-pressing time is 24-36.
[0015] The application has the following beneficial effects:
[0016] 1. The eucommia bark raw material used in the application includes all eucommia bark materials such as superior eucommia bark, inferior products, processing scraps and eucommia bark residues, realizes the maximum utilization of eucommia bark resources, significantly reduces the raw material procurement cost, avoids the competition for resources with high-value ways such as medicinal and adhesive uses, and improves the utilization value and market competitiveness of eucommia bark resources.
[0017] 2.The application realizes the integrated modification of the complex components of eucommia bark by simple processing steps, the process route is highly integrated, through the three core processes of "mechanical crushing-directional chemical treatment-hot pressing self-bonding", the multiple high-energy consumption steps such as resin synthesis and plastic melt blending which are necessary in the traditional production of wood-plastic composite materials are replaced, the energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by chemical treatment are effectively reduced, and the sustainable development requirement under the background of "double carbon" is met.
[0018] 3.The eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material prepared by the application realizes the firm "resin-fiber" integrated structure through the bonding effect of epoxidized eucommia rubber and the bonding effect in the hot pressing stage, and the tensile strength reaches 7.43MPa, and the material also has excellent toughness, water stability and biodegradability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the figures, and in which:
[0020] Figure 1 A comparison diagram of the natural wood-plastic composite material prepared by the application and the structure of natural eucommia bark;
[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material of the application;
[0022] Figure 3 A scanning electron microscope microstructure diagram of the natural wood-plastic composite material prepared in Example 2, a is the epoxidized eucommia rubber in the fracture surface of the natural wood-plastic composite material, and b-c is the cross section of the natural wood-plastic composite material;
[0023] Figure 4 The contact angle of the natural wood-plastic composite material prepared in Example 3;
[0024] Figure 5 The stress-strain curve of the natural wood-plastic composite material prepared in Example 5; DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail by referring to the attached drawings. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.
[0026] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] S1: Take the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and remove impurities, mechanically crush to obtain Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings;
[0029] S2: 10 g (absolute dry) of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the first step are added into 50 mL of a 5% NaOH solution, heated in a water bath at 40°C for 1 h, after the reaction is completed, suction filtration is performed and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral to obtain alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings;
[0030] S3: 10 g (absolute dry) of alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the second step are dispersed in 70 mL of deionized water, 15 g of hydrogen peroxide (30% by mass) and 8 g of formic acid are sequentially added, heated in a water bath at 55°C for 2 h, after the reaction is completed, suction filtration is performed and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral to obtain epoxidized modified Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings;
[0031] S4: The modified Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the third step are laid in a mold, hot-pressed at 60°C and 10 Mpa for 24 h to obtain Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark-based natural wood-plastic composite materials.
[0032] The tensile strength of the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material obtained in this example is 3.01 Mpa, and the water contact angle is 89.72°.
[0033] Example 2
[0034] S1: Take the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and remove impurities, mechanically crush to obtain Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings;
[0035] S2: 10 g (absolute dry) of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the first step are added into 100 mL of a 10% NaOH solution, heated in a water bath at 60°C for 3 h, after the reaction is completed, suction filtration is performed and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral to obtain alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings;
[0036] S3: 10 g (absolute dry) of alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the second step are dispersed in 50 mL of deionized water, 5 g of hydrogen peroxide (30% by mass) and 5 g of formic acid are sequentially added, heated in a water bath at 50°C for 3 h, after the reaction is completed, suction filtration is performed and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral to obtain epoxidized modified Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings;
[0037] S4: The modified Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the third step are laid in a mold, hot-pressed at 80°C and 15 Mpa for 24 h to obtain Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark-based natural wood-plastic composite materials.
[0038] The tensile strength of the natural wood-plastic composite material based on the Eucommia ulmoides bark obtained in the embodiment is 5.00 Mpa, and the water contact angle is 94.51°.
[0039] Example 3
[0040] S1: Take the Eucommia ulmoides bark, remove impurities, mechanically crush, and obtain Eucommia ulmoides bark chips;
[0041] S2: 10 g (absolute dry) of the Eucommia ulmoides bark chips obtained in the first step are added into 200 mL of a 10% NaOH solution, heated in a water bath at 80°C for 5 h, after the reaction is completed, suction filtration is performed, and pure water is used for washing until the filtrate is neutral, to obtain alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides bark chips;
[0042] S3: 10 g (absolute dry) of the alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides bark chips obtained in the second step are dispersed in 70 mL of deionized water, 12 g of hydrogen peroxide (30% by mass) and 8 g of formic acid are sequentially added, heated in a water bath at 50°C for 3 h, after the reaction is completed, suction filtration is performed, and pure water is used for washing until the filtrate is neutral, to obtain epoxidized modified Eucommia ulmoides bark chips;
[0043] S4: The modified Eucommia ulmoides bark chips obtained in the third step are laid in a mold, hot-pressed at 80°C and 20 Mpa for 36 h, to obtain a natural wood-plastic composite material based on the Eucommia ulmoides bark.
[0044] The tensile strength of the natural wood-plastic composite material based on the Eucommia ulmoides bark obtained in the embodiment is 7.43 Mpa, and the water contact angle is 97.37°.
[0045] Example 4
[0046] The same as in Example 1, except that S2 is changed to: 10 g (absolute dry) of the Eucommia ulmoides bark chips obtained in the first step are added into 100 mL of a 10% NaOH solution, heated in a water bath at 60°C for 3 h, after the reaction is completed, suction filtration is performed, and pure water is used for washing until the filtrate is neutral, to obtain alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides bark chips.
[0047] The tensile strength of the natural wood-plastic composite material based on the Eucommia ulmoides bark obtained in the embodiment is 5.85 Mpa, and the water contact angle is 92.40°.
[0048] Example 5
[0049] The same as in Example 4, except that S4 is changed to: the modified Eucommia ulmoides bark chips obtained in the third step are laid in a mold, hot-pressed at 80°C and 20 Mpa for 36 h, to obtain a natural wood-plastic composite material based on the Eucommia ulmoides bark.
[0050] The tensile strength of the natural wood-plastic composite material based on the Eucommia ulmoides bark obtained in the embodiment is 6.89 Mpa, and the water contact angle is 98.26°.
[0051] Comparative Example 1
[0052] Same as Example 1, delete S2.
[0053] The tensile strength of the natural wood-plastic composite material based on Eucommia ulmoides bark obtained in this example is 2.43 Mpa, and the water contact angle is 76.64°.
[0054] Comparative Example 2
[0055] Same as Example 1, delete S3.
[0056] The tensile strength of the natural wood-plastic composite material based on Eucommia ulmoides bark obtained in this example is 2.58 Mpa, and the water contact angle is 73.45°.
[0057] The above has described various embodiments of the present application, the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The choice of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical application or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable other ordinary skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a Eucommia ulmoides bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material, characterized in that... The method comprises the following steps: S1: taking the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, removing impurities, and mechanically crushing to obtain Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings; S2: adding the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the first step into a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 5-20%, and heating for a period of time; after the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral to obtain alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings; S3: dispersing the alkali-treated Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the second step in deionized water, and sequentially adding hydrogen peroxide (with a mass fraction of 30%) and formic acid, and heating for a period of time; after the reaction is completed, the mixture is filtered and washed with pure water until the filtrate is neutral to obtain epoxidized modified Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings; S4: placing the modified Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings obtained in the third step in a mold, and hot-pressing at a certain temperature and pressure for a period of time to obtain Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark-based natural wood-plastic composite materials.
2. The method for preparing the Eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark in S1 includes a series of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver raw materials such as superior Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark, inferior products, processing scraps, and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark residues.
3. The method for preparing the Eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in S2 is 5-20%, and the solid-liquid ratio of the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver chippings to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(5-20).
4. The method for preparing the Eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating temperature in S2 is 40-90℃, and the reaction time is 1-6h.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the steps of: drying the mixture; and heating the mixture to a temperature of about 100 °C to about 150 °C for about 1 hour to about 3 hours. In S3, the solid-liquid ratio of the chippings to deionized water is 1:(5-10), the mass ratio of the chippings to hydrogen peroxide is 1:(0.5-2), and the mass ratio of the chippings to formic acid is 1:(0.5-1).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the steps of: drying the natural wood plastic composite material; and coating the dried natural wood plastic composite material with a protective layer. The heating temperature in S3 is 30-60℃, and the reaction time is 1-4h.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the steps of: drying the natural wood plastic composite material; and coating the dried natural wood plastic composite material with a protective layer. The hot-pressing temperature in S4 is 60-100℃, the pressure is 5-30Mpa, and the hot-pressing time is 24-36h.
8. The method for preparing the Eucommia bark-based natural wood-plastic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the natural wood-plastic composite material based on the Eucommia ulmoides bark obtained in S4 ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 g / cm 3 .