Double-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle and charging and discharging management system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle and a charging and discharging management system thereof, and relates to the technical field of electric vehicles and battery management. The electric vehicle comprises double storage batteries, a driving motor, a charging generator, a transmission connecting device, a switch assembly, an external charging assembly, a wheel assembly and a charging and discharging management system. The transmission connecting device is connected with the motor and the generator, the front wheel is a driving wheel, and the rear wheel is a follower wheel. During working, one battery discharges to drive the vehicle to run and simultaneously drives the generator to dynamically charge the other battery, and when the SOC of the discharged battery is less than or equal to 20% or the temperature is greater than or equal to 45 DEG C, the system realizes seamless switching less than or equal to 0.5 second. The charging and discharging management system collects the state of the battery per second, dynamically adjusts power, and has multiple protection functions of overcharging, overdischarging, over-temperature and over-current. External charging supports single-charging main use, single-charging standby and double-charging modes, and the communication module feeds back the battery state and fault information. The method improves the endurance of the electric vehicle, guarantees the continuous and safe driving, prolongs the service life of the battery, improves the convenience, and solves the problems of anxiety in endurance, extensive charging and discharging management and the like in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle and battery management technology, specifically to a dual-battery powered electric vehicle and its supporting intelligent charging and discharging management system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, electric vehicles have been widely used in daily travel due to their advantages such as environmental protection and energy saving. However, problems such as insufficient battery range, rudimentary charging and discharging management, and weak emergency power supply capabilities still restrict their further popularization. Currently, most mainstream electric vehicles use a single-battery power supply system, relying on a fixed-capacity battery for power. Limited by the battery's energy density, the driving range on a single charge is generally short, and the insufficient coverage of charging stations and long charging times easily cause users to experience "range anxiety." In long-distance driving or emergency scenarios, the vehicle cannot continue to drive after the single battery is depleted, seriously affecting the convenience of use.

[0003] At the same time, the existing battery management systems for electric vehicles have significant shortcomings:

[0004] First, the charging and discharging strategies are simplistic, often employing fixed-power charging without dynamically adjusting according to the battery's state of charge (SOC), which can easily lead to overcharging and over-discharging, shortening the battery's lifespan.

[0005] Second, the battery status detection is not timely enough and the sampling frequency is low, making it difficult to accurately capture sudden changes in key parameters such as voltage and temperature, which increases safety risks.

[0006] Third, it lacks flexible charging mode options, only supporting static charging of a single battery, which cannot meet the diverse charging needs of users.

[0007] Fourth, the dual-battery switching technology is not mature. Some systems use manual switching or have excessively long switching delays (usually more than 1 second), which can easily lead to power interruption during the switching process and affect driving stability.

[0008] In addition, traditional transmission connection devices mostly use rigid connections, which result in greater impact during power transmission and can easily damage the motor, generator and battery interface; the battery protection mechanism is not perfect and does not respond in time to abnormal conditions such as over-temperature, over-current, and short circuit, posing safety risks.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dual-battery power supply system with long range, intelligent charging and discharging management, seamless switching, and multiple protection functions to solve the pain points of existing electric vehicles such as insufficient range, cumbersome management, and inconvenience of use, and to promote the upgrading and optimization of electric vehicle battery management technology. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dual-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle and its charging and discharging management system, so as to improve the electric vehicle's range to alleviate range anxiety, achieve seamless switching between dual batteries to ensure continuous and stable driving, intelligently optimize charging and discharging strategies to extend battery life, construct multiple safety protection mechanisms to eliminate battery usage risks, provide flexible charging modes to improve user convenience, and realize real-time monitoring and information feedback of battery status to facilitate maintenance and management.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0012] A dual-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle includes a drive motor, a charging generator, a transmission connection device, a main battery, a backup battery, a switch assembly, an external charging assembly, and a wheel assembly.

[0013] The transmission connection device is a flexible coupling or a belt drive mechanism, with one end fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor and the other end fixedly connected to the input shaft of the charging generator;

[0014] The switching assembly includes a discharge drive switch, a generator charging switch, and an external charging switching switch;

[0015] The external charging component includes an external charging socket;

[0016] The wheel assembly includes a front drive wheel and a rear passive wheel. The front drive wheel is mounted on the steering mechanism at the front of the vehicle and is connected to the power output end of the drive motor. The rear passive wheel is mounted at the rear of the vehicle and is a follow-up support wheel.

[0017] When driving, one battery discharges to drive the drive motor, which in turn drives the front drive wheels to rotate. At the same time, the drive motor drives the charging generator through the transmission connection device, which charges the other battery. When charging externally, the main battery, the backup battery, or both batteries can be charged simultaneously by connecting the external charging socket and the external charging switch.

[0018] A charging and discharging management system adapted to the dual-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle includes:

[0019] The battery status detection module is used to collect operating status data of the main battery and the backup battery;

[0020] The central control module is electrically connected to the switch assembly and the battery status detection module. It is used to control the on / off state of the switch assembly based on the operating status data, so as to realize the switching of dual battery charging and discharging and the adjustment of charging power.

[0021] The protection module is used to protect against abnormal operating conditions during the charging and discharging process of the dual batteries.

[0022] The communication module is used to provide feedback on the status of the dual batteries and related charging and discharging information.

[0023] Furthermore, the battery status detection module collects operating status data including state of charge, voltage, temperature, and current, with a sampling frequency of 1 time / second, and transmits the collected data to the central control module in real time.

[0024] Furthermore, the control logic of the central control module includes:

[0025] Charging / discharging switching logic: When the current discharging battery SOC≤20% or temperature≥45℃, its discharge circuit is cut off and the discharge circuit of another battery is connected, and the charging target of the charging generator is switched synchronously.

[0026] Charging power adjustment logic: When the SOC of the battery being charged is ≤30%, 1C charging is used; when 30% < SOC ≤80%, 0.5C charging is used; and when SOC >80%, 0.2C trickle charging is used.

[0027] Furthermore, the protection mechanism of the protection module includes:

[0028] Overcharge protection: The charging circuit is cut off when the battery SOC is ≥ 98%;

[0029] Over-discharge protection: The discharge circuit is cut off when the battery's SOC is ≤10%.

[0030] Over-temperature protection: When the battery temperature is ≥50℃, the corresponding charging and discharging circuit is cut off;

[0031] Overcurrent protection: When a battery short-circuit current ≥100A is detected, the corresponding circuit is immediately disconnected.

[0032] Furthermore, the communication module supports communication with the vehicle's central control system or mobile terminal, and the feedback information includes dual battery SOC, voltage, temperature, charging and discharging mode, and fault alarms.

[0033] Furthermore, the elastic element of the flexible coupling of the transmission connection device is made of nitrile rubber and is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor and the input shaft of the charging generator by a key connection.

[0034] Furthermore, the dual-battery charging and discharging switching time is ≤0.5 seconds, ensuring vehicle driving continuity.

[0035] Furthermore, the front drive wheels are connected to the power output end of the drive motor via a reducer.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] 1. Significantly improved range: Adopting a dual-battery structure of primary + backup, combined with the dynamic charging of idle batteries by the charging generator during driving, a "discharge-charge" cycle is formed, which greatly extends the range of a single charge and reduces dependence on external charging, making it especially suitable for long-distance travel or scenarios where charging stations are scarce.

[0038] 2. Smooth and uninterrupted switching: The central control module precisely controls the switching components, and the dual-battery switching time is ≤0.5 seconds, achieving seamless connection and eliminating the feeling of power interruption during driving, thus ensuring a smooth driving experience;

[0039] 3. Extended battery life: The battery status detection module collects data at a high frequency of 1 time / second, and the central control module dynamically adjusts the charging rate (1C, 0.5C, 0.2C) according to the SOC. With multiple protection mechanisms, it effectively avoids damage such as overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating, and significantly extends the battery cycle life.

[0040] 4. High safety and reliability: It integrates multiple protections such as overcharge (SOC≥98%), over-discharge (SOC≤10%), over-temperature (≥50℃), and over-current (short circuit current≥100A), and responds to abnormal conditions in real time to eliminate safety risks such as battery fire and explosion;

[0041] 5. Flexible and convenient to use: Supports free selection of external charging modes (single main charging, single backup charging, dual charging) to adapt to different charging scenarios; the communication module provides real-time feedback on battery SOC, voltage, temperature and fault alarms, facilitating remote monitoring and maintenance by users;

[0042] 6. Stable and durable structure: The transmission connection device adopts a nitrile rubber flexible coupling, which buffers the impact of power transmission, reduces the wear of the motor, generator and battery interface, and improves the service life and operational stability of the whole vehicle components. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the dual-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the charging and discharging management system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means at least two.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] The dual-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle and its charging and discharging management system provided by this invention are characterized by:

[0052] (I) Main structure of dual-battery charging and discharging electric vehicle:

[0053] It includes a drive motor 1, a charging generator 2, a transmission connection device 3, a main storage battery 4, a backup storage battery 5, a switch assembly, an external charging assembly, and a wheel assembly;

[0054] The wheel assembly includes a front drive wheel 6 and a rear passive wheel 7. The front drive wheel 6 is mounted on the steering mechanism at the front of the vehicle and is connected to the power output end of the drive motor 1 to receive driving force and drive the vehicle. The rear passive wheel 7 is mounted at the rear of the vehicle and is a follow-up support wheel.

[0055] The transmission connection device 3 is a flexible coupling or belt drive mechanism, with one end fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 1 and the other end fixedly connected to the input shaft of the charging generator 2 to ensure stable power transmission;

[0056] The switching assembly includes a discharge drive switch K1, a generator charging switch K2, and an external charging switching switch K3, enabling precise control of the charging and discharging circuit;

[0057] The external charging component includes an external charging socket 8, which supports independent static charging of dual batteries;

[0058] (II) Charge and Discharge Management System:

[0059] The core control unit includes a battery status detection module, a central control module, a protection module, and a communication module.

[0060] Battery status detection module: Real-time acquisition of state of charge (SOC), voltage, temperature and current data of main / standby batteries, with a sampling frequency of 1 time / second to ensure data timeliness;

[0061] Central control module: Receives detection data and controls the switching components to switch on and off based on preset logic to achieve dual battery charging and discharging switching; preset logic includes: triggering battery switching when SOC is below 20%, adjusting charging power when load current changes suddenly, etc.

[0062] Protection module: Sets multiple protection thresholds to prevent abnormal battery operation;

[0063] Communication module: Supports communication with the vehicle's central control system or mobile terminal to provide feedback on battery status and charging / discharging information.

[0064] Working principle:

[0065] Driving conditions: The central control module controls the switch assembly to discharge one of the main battery or the backup battery to drive the motor. The motor drives the front drive wheels to rotate through the power transmission structure, and at the same time drives the charging generator to generate electricity through the transmission connection device. The power generation is dynamically adjusted according to the remaining power of the other battery to implement constant current and constant voltage charging.

[0066] External charging mode: Through the external charging switch, you can choose to charge the main battery alone, the backup battery alone, or both batteries at the same time. The protection module monitors in real time during the charging process to prevent overcharging.

[0067] Switching logic: When the current discharge battery SOC is ≤20% or the temperature is ≥45℃, the central control module quickly cuts off its discharge circuit and connects the discharge circuit of another battery. At the same time, it switches the charging target of the charging generator to ensure the continuity of vehicle range. Specific implementation examples:

[0069] Combined with appendix Figure 1-3 The specific structure and workflow of the present invention will be further explained below:

[0070] Structural assembly:

[0071] Wheel assembly: The front drive wheels are steering drive wheels, connected to the front frame of the vehicle through steering knuckles, and their axles are connected to the power output end of the drive motor through a reducer to realize power transmission; the rear driven wheels are follow-up support wheels, connected to the rear frame of the vehicle through wheel carriers, and only play a supporting and guiding auxiliary role.

[0072] The transmission connection device adopts a flexible coupling, which is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor and the input shaft of the charging generator by key connection at both ends. The elastic body of the coupling is made of nitrile rubber to buffer transmission impact.

[0073] Both the main battery and the backup battery are lithium batteries with the same rated voltage (e.g., 48V) and the capacity is configured according to the vehicle's range requirements (e.g., 20Ah). They are installed in parallel in the vehicle's battery compartment.

[0074] The charging and discharging management system is integrated into the control box, which is fixed next to the battery compartment and is electrically connected to the dual batteries, motor, generator, switch assembly and external charging socket via wiring harnesses.

[0075] Detailed workflow:

[0076] Start-up phase: After the vehicle starts, the battery status detection module initializes, collects the initial SOC, voltage, and temperature data of the two batteries and transmits them to the central control module; the control module prioritizes the battery with the higher SOC as the discharge battery, controls the corresponding discharge drive switch to close, and the battery supplies power to the drive motor;

[0077] During the driving and charging phase: The drive motor operates, which drives the front drive wheels to rotate through the reducer to achieve vehicle movement. At the same time, the charging generator is driven to operate synchronously through the flexible coupling, and the generator outputs electrical energy. The central control module controls the corresponding generator charging switch to close and adjusts the charging current according to the SOC of the battery being charged (1C charging is used when SOC≤30%, 0.5C charging is used when 30%<SOC≤80%, and 0.2C trickle charging is used when SOC>80%).

[0078] Switching phase: When the SOC of the discharged battery drops to 20% or the temperature rises to 45℃, the central control module first cuts off its discharge drive switch, then closes the discharge drive switch of the other battery, and at the same time switches the generator charging switch to the charging circuit of the discharged battery to complete the seamless switching. The switching time is ≤0.5 seconds and does not affect the vehicle's operation.

[0079] External charging stage: Connect the external charger to the external charging socket, select the charging mode (single charging main, single charging backup, dual charging) through the vehicle control panel, the central control module controls the external charging switch to close the corresponding circuit, and the protection module monitors the charging voltage, current and battery temperature in real time. When the battery SOC≥98% or the temperature≥50℃, the charging circuit is cut off.

[0080] Protection mechanisms: In addition to overcharge, over-discharge, and over-temperature protection, when a battery short circuit is detected (current ≥100A), the protection module immediately cuts off the corresponding circuit; when the generator output voltage is abnormal (15% higher than the battery rated voltage or 85% lower), the control module cuts off the generator charging circuit to avoid damaging the battery.

[0081] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-battery charge-discharge electric vehicle, characterized in that: it comprises a driving motor, a charging generator, a transmission connection device, a main storage battery, a backup storage battery, a switch assembly, an external charging assembly, and a wheel assembly; the transmission connection device is an elastic coupling or a belt transmission mechanism, one end of which is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the driving motor, and the other end is fixedly connected with the input shaft of the charging generator; the switch assembly comprises a discharge driving switch, a generator charging switch, and an external charging switch; the external charging assembly comprises an external charging socket; the wheel assembly comprises a front driving wheel and a rear passive wheel, the front driving wheel is installed on the front steering mechanism of the vehicle and is in transmission connection with the power output end of the driving motor, and the rear passive wheel is installed on the rear of the vehicle as a follow-up support wheel; when driving, one storage battery discharges to drive the driving motor to operate, the driving motor drives the front driving wheel to rotate, and at the same time drives the charging generator to operate through the transmission connection device, and the charging generator charges the other storage battery; when external charging, through the external charging socket and the external charging switch, the main storage battery, the backup storage battery, or both can be selectively charged.

2. A charge-discharge management system for a dual-battery charge-discharge electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, characterized by it comprises: a battery state detection module for collecting the operating state data of the main storage battery and the backup storage battery; a central control module electrically connected with the switch assembly and the battery state detection module, for controlling the switch assembly according to the operating state data to realize the switching of the dual-battery charge-discharge and the adjustment of the charging power; a protection module for implementing abnormal condition protection for the charge-discharge process of the dual-battery; a communication module for feeding back the state of the dual-battery and the information related to the charge-discharge.

3. The charge-discharge management system according to claim 2, characterized by: The operating state data collected by the battery state detection module includes state of charge, voltage, temperature, and current, the sampling frequency is 1 time per second, and the collected data is transmitted to the central control module in real time.

4. The charge-discharge management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control logic of the central control module comprises: charge-discharge switching logic: when the current discharging battery SOC is less than or equal to 20% or the temperature is greater than or equal to 45℃, the discharging circuit of the battery is cut off and the discharging circuit of the other battery is connected, and the charging object of the charging generator is switched synchronously; charging power adjustment logic: when the charged battery SOC is less than or equal to 30%, 1C charging is adopted, when 30% < SOC ≤ 80%, 0.5C charging is adopted, and when SOC > 80%, 0.2C trickle charging is adopted.

5. The charge-discharge management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the protection mechanism of the protection module comprises: overcharge protection: when the SOC of the storage battery is greater than or equal to 98%, the charging circuit is cut off; over-discharge protection: when the SOC of the storage battery is less than or equal to 10%, the discharging circuit is cut off; over-temperature protection: when the temperature of the storage battery is greater than or equal to 50℃, the corresponding charge-discharge circuit is cut off; over-current protection: when the short-circuit current of the battery is greater than or equal to 100A, the corresponding circuit is immediately cut off.

6. The charge-discharge management system according to claim 2, characterized by: The communication module supports communication with the vehicle central control system or a mobile terminal, and the feedback information includes the SOC, voltage, temperature, charge-discharge mode, and fault alarm of the dual-battery.

7. The dual-battery charge-discharge electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: The elastic coupling elastic body of the transmission connecting device is made of butyronitrile rubber, and is fixed with the output shaft of the driving motor and the input shaft of the charging generator through a key connection mode.

8. The dual-battery charge-discharge electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: The double-battery charging and discharging switching time is less than or equal to 0.5 seconds, ensuring the continuity of vehicle driving.

9. The dual-battery charge-discharge electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: The front driving wheel is in transmission connection with the power output end of the driving motor through a speed reducer.

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