Preparation method of copper-zirconium alloy wear-resistant coating based on laser cladding

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a copper-zirconium alloy wear-resistant coating based on laser cladding, relates to the technical field of wear-resistant coatings, and is used for solving the technical problem that a high-performance wear-resistant coating cannot be prepared due to poor bonding quality and low cladding efficiency of a cladding layer and a copper-zirconium alloy matrix in the existing laser cladding process. The preparation method of the copper-zirconium alloy wear-resistant coating based on laser cladding comprises the following steps: obtaining a copper-zirconium alloy matrix; preparing a CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy matrix, wherein the thickness of the CuSn film layer is 0.5-2 microns; preparing an iron-based coating on the surface of the CuSn film layer, wherein the thickness of the iron-based coating is 0.8-1.0 mm; preparing a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the iron-based coating, wherein the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is 1-1.2 mm; the material for preparing the wear-resistant layer is nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder, and the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder comprises nickel-based alloy and ceramic powder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wear-resistant coating technology, and more specifically, to a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding. Background Technology

[0002] Copper-zirconium alloys are widely used in electronics, power, and machinery manufacturing due to their good electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as certain strength and toughness. However, their low surface hardness and poor wear resistance limit their application in some working conditions with high surface performance requirements. Laser cladding technology is an effective method for preparing high-performance coatings on metal surfaces. It offers advantages such as controllable dilution rate, dense coating structure, metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate, and good resistance to impact loads and thermal fatigue. It can significantly improve the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of metal surfaces.

[0003] The low absorption rate of copper-zirconium alloys to lasers, the large coefficient of thermal expansion, and the poor compatibility with other materials result in poor bonding quality between the cladding layer and the substrate during laser cladding, low cladding efficiency, and difficulty in preparing high-performance wear-resistant coatings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding, which solves the technical problem of poor bonding quality and low cladding efficiency between the cladding layer and the copper-zirconium alloy substrate in existing laser cladding processes, thus preventing the preparation of high-performance wear-resistant coatings. In view of this, this invention achieves this through the following solution.

[0005] This invention provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding, comprising: Obtaining a copper-zirconium alloy matrix; A CuSn film is prepared on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, and the thickness of the CuSn film is 0.5~2μm; An iron-based coating is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film, the thickness of which is 0.8~1 mm; A wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the iron-based coating, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer being 1~1.2 mm; The material used to prepare the wear-resistant layer is a nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder, which includes a nickel-based alloy and ceramic powder; the nickel-based alloy includes Ni60, Ni50 or Ni45, and the ceramic powder includes WC, SiC and TiC.

[0006] Compared with existing technologies, the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention forms a wear-resistant coating by sequentially preparing a CuSn film, an iron-based coating, and a wear-resistant layer on the surface of a copper-zirconium alloy substrate. In the above technical solution, the CuSn film has good laser absorption performance, which can effectively improve the absorption rate of laser on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy. At the same time, the tin (Sn) element can improve the wettability with other metal materials to reduce coating cracking and improve the coating bonding strength. By preparing an Fe-based transition layer (i.e., an iron-based coating), the internal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the coating interfaces is alleviated, and the bonding strength of the coating is enhanced. The Ni-based wear-resistant layer mainly plays a wear-resistant role to improve the surface properties of the copper-zirconium alloy. Furthermore, by preparing a CuSn film, an iron-based coating, and a wear-resistant layer on the surface of a copper-zirconium alloy substrate, the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of copper-zirconium alloy substrate is formed. The preparation of a CuSn film on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy significantly improves the laser absorption rate of the copper-zirconium alloy surface. Compared with the untreated copper-zirconium alloy, the laser absorption rate can be increased by 30-50%, effectively improving the energy utilization rate of the copper-zirconium alloy in the laser cladding process. At the same time, the Sn element can improve the wettability with other metal materials to reduce coating cracking and enhance the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, providing a foundation for the preparation of high-quality wear-resistant coatings. Adding a ceramic phase to the laser cladding powder and optimizing the laser cladding process parameters results in a good metallurgical bond between the prepared wear-resistant coating and the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, with high bonding strength and a coating hardness of HV600-800. The wear resistance is 3-5 times higher than that of the copper-zirconium alloy, greatly extending the service life of the copper-zirconium alloy under wear conditions. Through the above technical solutions of this invention, the technical problems of poor bonding quality and low cladding efficiency between the cladding layer and the copper-zirconium alloy substrate in existing laser cladding processes, which prevent the preparation of high-performance wear-resistant coatings, are solved.

[0007] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, the step of preparing a CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate includes: A CuSn film was sputtered onto the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate using a CuSn target. The CuSn target material contains 90 wt% Cu and 10 wt% Sn.

[0008] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, the process parameters for sputtering a CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate include: The sputtering power is 100~150W, the sputtering pressure is 0.5~1.0Pa, the sputtering time is 0.5~3 hours, and the deposition temperature is 200~300℃.

[0009] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant copper-zirconium alloy coating based on laser cladding of the present invention, the preparation of an iron-based coating on the surface of the CuSn film layer includes: An iron-based coating is fused onto the surface of the CuSn film. During the cladding process of the iron-based coating, the cladding powder includes 304, 309S or 316 stainless steel; the cladding powder is spherical in shape and has a particle size of 53~180μm.

[0010] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant copper-zirconium alloy coating based on laser cladding of the present invention, the process parameters for cladding an iron-based coating on the surface of the CuSn film include: The laser power is 1.5~2.5kW, the scanning speed is 1.2~1.5m / min, the lateral offset is 1.3~1.6mm, the powder feeding rate is 12~18g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 6~7L / min, the spot diameter is 2~3mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 150~200℃, and the protective gas flow rate is 16~18L / min.

[0011] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, the step of preparing a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the iron-based coating includes: A wear-resistant layer is clad onto the surface of the iron-based coating, and the particle size of the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder is 53~120μm; the mass percentage of ceramic powder in the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder is 10~40wt%.

[0012] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, the process parameters for cladding the wear-resistant layer on the surface of the iron-based coating include: laser power of 1.3~1.6kW, scanning speed of 1.2~1.5m / min, lateral offset of 1.3~1.6mm, powder feeding rate of 15~20g / min, powder-carrying gas flow rate of 6~7L / min, spot diameter of 2~3mm, substrate preheating temperature of 200~300℃, and protective gas flow rate of 16~18L / min.

[0013] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, the composition of the copper-zirconium alloy, by mass percentage, includes: Zirconium is 0.03~0.3wt%, aluminum is 0.10~0.25wt%, manganese is 0.10~0.25wt%, and the balance is copper.

[0014] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, after preparing a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the iron-based coating, the method further includes: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate with a wear-resistant layer is surface treated to remove oxide scale and uneven parts, so that the surface roughness reaches Ra0.8~1.6μm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, before preparing a CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, the method further includes: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate is polished sequentially from coarse to fine using sandpaper to remove the oxide film and oil stains on the surface, so that the surface roughness reaches Ra3.2~6.3μm. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wear-resistant coating of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a macroscopic photograph of the wear-resistant coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the microstructure of the wear-resistant coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardness curve of the cross section of the wear-resistant coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the friction coefficient curve of the wear-resistant coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 A macroscopic photograph of the wear-resistant coating prepared in Comparative Example 1 of this invention. Figure 7 This is a macroscopic photograph of the wear-resistant coating prepared in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0020] The low absorption rate of copper-zirconium alloys to lasers, the large coefficient of thermal expansion, and the poor compatibility with other materials result in poor bonding quality between the cladding layer and the substrate during laser cladding, low cladding efficiency, and difficulty in preparing high-performance wear-resistant coatings.

[0021] To address the above technical problems, this invention provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding, comprising: Obtaining a copper-zirconium alloy matrix; A CuSn film is prepared on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, and the thickness of the CuSn film is 0.5~2μm; An iron-based coating is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film, the thickness of which is 0.8~1 mm; A wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the iron-based coating, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer being 1~1.2 mm; The material used to prepare the wear-resistant layer is a nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder, which includes a nickel-based alloy and ceramic powder; the nickel-based alloy includes Ni60, Ni50 or Ni45, and the ceramic powder includes WC, SiC and TiC.

[0022] In this technical solution, the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating for copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention forms a wear-resistant coating by sequentially preparing a CuSn film, an iron-based coating, and a wear-resistant layer on the surface of a copper-zirconium alloy substrate. In this technical solution, the CuSn film has good laser absorption performance, effectively improving the laser absorption rate of the copper-zirconium alloy surface. Simultaneously, the tin (Sn) element improves the wettability with other metal materials, reducing coating cracking and enhancing coating bonding strength. The preparation of an Fe-based transition layer (i.e., an iron-based coating) alleviates the internal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the coating interfaces and the wear-resistant layer, enhancing the coating bonding strength. The Ni-based wear-resistant layer mainly plays a wear-resistant role, improving the surface properties of the copper-zirconium alloy. Furthermore, by preparing a CuSn film on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, the laser absorption rate of the copper-zirconium alloy surface is significantly improved. Compared with untreated copper-zirconium alloy, the laser absorption rate can be increased by 30-50%, effectively improving the performance of the copper-zirconium alloy in laser cladding. The invention improves energy utilization during the cladding process, while Sn element enhances wettability with other metal materials to reduce coating cracking and improves the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, providing a foundation for preparing high-quality wear-resistant coatings. Adding a ceramic phase to the laser cladding powder and optimizing the laser cladding process parameters results in a good metallurgical bond between the prepared wear-resistant coating and the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, with high bonding strength and a coating hardness of HV600-800. The wear resistance is 3-5 times higher than that of the copper-zirconium alloy, significantly extending the service life of the copper-zirconium alloy under wear conditions. For example, the thickness of the CuSn film can be 0.5μm, 1μm, or 2μm, the thickness of the iron-based coating can be 0.8mm, 0.9mm, or 1mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer can be 1mm, 1.1mm, or 1.2mm. Through the above technical solutions of this invention, the technical problems of poor bonding quality and low cladding efficiency between the cladding layer and the copper-zirconium alloy substrate in existing laser cladding processes, which prevent the preparation of high-performance wear-resistant coatings, are solved.

[0023] As one possible implementation, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, the step of preparing a CuSn film on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate includes: A CuSn film was sputtered onto the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate using a CuSn target. The CuSn target material contains 90 wt% copper (Cu) and 10 wt% tin (Sn).

[0024] When using this technical solution, the thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering is denser, more uniform, and has controllable composition. At this composition ratio, the sputtering stability of the CuSn target is better, and it is less likely to cause abnormal melting temperature of the target or uneven energy distribution of sputtered particles due to excessively high composition. This is beneficial for preparing a dense and uniform film layer, which is conducive to subsequent laser cladding. For example, the process parameters for sputtering the CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate include: sputtering power of 100~150W, sputtering pressure of 0.5~1.0Pa, sputtering time of 0.5~3 hours, and deposition temperature of 200~300℃. In another example, the sputtering power can be 100W, 130W, or 150W; the sputtering pressure can be 0.5Pa, 0.7Pa, or 1.0Pa; the sputtering time can be 0.5 hours, 1 hour, or 3 hours; and the deposition temperature can be 200℃, 250℃, or 300℃.

[0025] As one possible implementation, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant copper-zirconium alloy coating based on laser cladding of the present invention, the preparation of an iron-based coating on the surface of the CuSn film layer includes: An iron-based coating is fused onto the surface of the CuSn film. During the cladding process of the iron-based coating, the cladding powder includes 304, 309S or 316 stainless steel; the cladding powder is spherical in shape and has a particle size of 53~180μm.

[0026] Compared to other technologies, laser cladding offers advantages such as high cooling rate, small heat-affected zone, fine grain size in the cladding layer, and metallurgical bonding. Using 304, 309S, or 316 stainless steel powder for the transition effectively alleviates stress concentration. The transition layer (i.e., the iron-based coating) prepared using this process has a dense structure and is free of defects such as cracks. For example, the particle size of the cladding powder can be 53μm, 120μm, or 180μm. The process parameters for cladding the iron-based coating onto the surface of the CuSn film include: laser power of 1.5~2.5kW, scanning speed of 1.2~1.5m / min, lateral offset of 1.3~1.6mm, powder feed rate of 12~18g / min, powder carrier gas flow rate of 6~7L / min, and spot diameter of 2... The laser beam diameter is 1.5mm, 2kW, or 2.5kW; the scanning speed is 1.2m / min, 1.3m / min, or 1.5m / min; the lateral offset is 1.3mm, 1.5mm, or 1.6mm; the powder feeding rate is 12g / min, 15g / min, or 18g / min; the powder-carrying gas flow rate is 6L / min, 6.5L / min, or 7L / min; the spot diameter is 2mm, 2.5mm, or 3mm; the substrate preheating temperature is 150℃, 170℃, or 200℃; and the protective gas flow rate is 16L / min, 17L / min, or 18L / min.

[0027] As one possible implementation, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, the step of preparing a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the iron-based coating includes: A wear-resistant layer is clad onto the surface of the iron-based coating, and the particle size of the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder is 53~120μm; the mass percentage of ceramic powder in the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder is 10~40wt%.

[0028] Compared to other technologies, laser cladding using this technical solution offers advantages such as high cooling rate, small heat-affected zone, fine grain size in the cladding layer, and metallurgical bonding. It employs nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder, where the ceramic powder plays a wear-resistant role, enhancing the wear resistance of the copper-zirconium alloy. The wear-resistant layer prepared using this process has a dense structure and is free of defects such as cracks. For example, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder can be 53μm, 80μm, or 120μm, and the mass percentage of ceramic powder in the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder can be 10wt%, 30wt%, or 40wt%. The process parameters for cladding the wear-resistant layer onto the surface of the iron-based coating include: laser power of 1.3~1.6kW, scanning speed of 1.2~1.5m / min, lateral offset of 1.3~1.6mm, and powder feeding rate of 15~20g / min. The powder carrier gas flow rate is 6~7L / min, the spot diameter is 2~3mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 200~300℃, and the protective gas flow rate is 16~18L / min; in another example, the laser power can be 1.3kW, 1.5kW or 1.6kW, the scanning speed can be 1.2m / min, 1.3m / min or 1.5m / min, the lateral offset can be 1.3mm, 1.4mm or 1.6mm, the powder feeding rate can be 15g / min, 18g / min or 20g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate can be 6L / min, 6.5L / min or 7L / min, the spot diameter can be 2mm, 2.5mm or 3mm, the substrate preheating temperature can be 200℃, 250℃ or 300℃, and the protective gas flow rate can be 16L / min, 17L / min or 18L / min.

[0029] For example, the composition of the copper-zirconium alloy, by mass percentage, includes: 0.03-0.3 wt% zirconium (Zr), 0.10-0.25 wt% aluminum (Al), 0.10-0.25 wt% manganese (Mg), and the balance being copper (Cu); in yet another example, zirconium (Zr) may be 0.03 wt%, 0.2 wt%, or 0.3 wt%, aluminum (Al) may be 0.10 wt%, 0.2 wt%, or 0.25 wt%, and manganese (Mg) may be 0.10 wt%, 0.2 wt%, or 0.25 wt%.

[0030] As one possible implementation, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, after preparing a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the iron-based coating, the method further includes: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate with a wear-resistant layer is surface treated to remove oxide scale and uneven parts, so that the surface roughness reaches Ra0.8~1.6μm.

[0031] When this technical solution is adopted, the surface quality of the cladding layer is improved; for example, the surface roughness can be Ra0.8μm, Ra1.3μm or Ra1.6μm.

[0032] As one possible implementation, in the method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding of the present invention, before preparing a CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, the method further includes: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate is polished sequentially from coarse to fine using sandpaper to remove the oxide film and oil stains on the surface, so that the surface roughness reaches Ra3.2~6.3μm.

[0033] When this technical solution is adopted, diffuse reflection during laser irradiation can be effectively increased, and laser absorption rate can be improved; for example, the surface roughness can be Ra3.2μm, Ra4μm or Ra6.3μm.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 One embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of the wear-resistant coating prepared by the present invention, wherein the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy sequentially comprises a CuSn layer (i.e., the CuSn film layer mentioned above), an Fe-based coating (i.e., the iron-based coating mentioned above), and a Ni-based composite wear-resistant coating (i.e., the wear-resistant layer mentioned above).

[0035] To better understand the present invention, the following specific embodiments further illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0037] In the following embodiments, the composition of the copper-zirconium alloy, by mass percentage, includes: 0.3 wt% zirconium (Zr), 0.1 wt% aluminum (Al), 0.20 wt% manganese (Mg), and the balance being copper (Cu).

[0038] In the following examples, the spherical 304 powder is 304 stainless steel powder, whose main components are 18.5 wt% chromium (Cr), 9 wt% nickel (Ni), 0.08 wt% carbon (C), 2 wt% manganese (Mn), 1 wt% silicon (Si), and the balance is iron (Fe).

[0039] In the following examples, the spherical 309S powder is 309S stainless steel powder, whose main components are 23wt% chromium (Cr), 10.5wt% nickel (Ni), 0.08wt% carbon (C), 0.08wt% silicon (Si), 2wt% manganese (Mn), and the balance is iron (Fe).

[0040] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding, including: Step 1: Pre-treat the copper-zirconium alloy matrix; specifically: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate was polished by using sandpaper to polish the surface from coarse to fine, so that the surface roughness reached Ra3.2μm. The polished substrate was then placed in acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 25 minutes. After removal, it was rinsed with deionized water and dried for later use. The ultrasonic cleaning frequency was 35kHz. Step 2: A CuSn film is sputtered onto the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate using magnetron sputtering technology. The thickness of the CuSn film is 2 μm. During the sputtering process, the sputtering power is 150 W, the sputtering pressure is 1.0 Pa, the sputtering time is 1 hour, and the deposition temperature is 300 °C. Step 3: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a transition layer (i.e., iron-based coating) is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film of copper-zirconium alloy using spherical 304 powder with a particle size range of 53~180μm. The laser cladding process parameters for the transition layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 1.5kW, the scanning speed is 1.2m / min, the lateral offset is 1.5mm, the powder feeding rate is 12g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 6L / min, the spot diameter is 2mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 150℃, the protective gas flow rate is 16L / min, and the thickness of the prepared transition layer is 1.0mm. Step 4: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the transition layer using spherical stainless Ni-based composite WC powder with a particle size range of 53~120μm. The mass percentage of WC is 40%. The laser cladding process parameters for the wear-resistant layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 1.3kW, the scanning speed is 1.2m / min, the lateral offset is 1.3mm, the powder feeding rate is 15g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 7L / min, the spot diameter is 2mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 300℃, the protective gas flow rate is 18L / min, and the thickness of the prepared wear-resistant layer is 1.2mm. Step 5: After laser cladding is completed, the sample is wrapped with insulating cotton and slowly cooled to room temperature. The surface of the sample after cooling to room temperature is ground and polished to make the surface roughness of the cladding layer reach Ra0.8μm.

[0041] Please see Figures 2 to 5 , Figure 2 The photographs show the wear-resistant coating prepared in this embodiment. As can be seen, the cladding layer is free of macroscopic defects such as peeling, pores, and cracks. Figure 3The microstructure of the wear-resistant coating section prepared in this embodiment shows that the CuSn film obtained by magnetron sputtering is completely fused with the transition layer, forming a metallurgical bond at the interface. There are no pores or cracks in the transition layer, and no defects such as pores or cracks in the cladding layer. Figure 4 The hardness curve of the cross-section of the wear-resistant coating prepared in this embodiment shows that the average hardness of the substrate is 101.3 HV. 0.2 The wear-resistant coating has an average hardness of 666.4 HV. 0.2 The hardness of the wear-resistant coating is significantly higher than that of the substrate. Figure 5 The friction coefficient curve of the wear-resistant coating prepared in this embodiment is shown. The average friction coefficient of the substrate is 0.34 and the wear amount is 3.3 mg; the average friction coefficient of the wear-resistant coating is 0.20 and the wear amount is 0.41 mg. The wear-resistant coating can effectively protect the substrate.

[0042] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding, including: Step 1: Pre-treat the copper-zirconium alloy matrix; specifically: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate was polished by using sandpaper to polish the surface from coarse to fine, so that the surface roughness reached Ra6.3μm. The polished substrate was then placed in acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes. After removal, it was rinsed with deionized water and dried for later use. The ultrasonic cleaning frequency was 35kHz. Step 2: A CuSn film is sputtered onto the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate using magnetron sputtering technology. The thickness of the CuSn film is 0.5 μm. During the sputtering process, the sputtering power is 100 W, the sputtering pressure is 0.5 Pa, the sputtering time is 1 hour, and the deposition temperature is 300 °C. Step 3: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a transition layer (i.e., iron-based coating) is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film of copper-zirconium alloy using spherical 304 powder with a particle size range of 53~180μm. The laser cladding process parameters for the transition layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 2.5kW, the scanning speed is 1.5m / min, the lateral offset is 1.3mm, the powder feeding rate is 18g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 7L / min, the spot diameter is 3mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 200℃, the protective gas flow rate is 18L / min, and the thickness of the prepared transition layer is 0.8mm. Step 4: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the transition layer using spherical stainless Ni-based composite WC powder with a particle size range of 53~120μm. The mass percentage of WC is 10%. The laser cladding process parameters for the wear-resistant layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 1.6kW, the scanning speed is 1.5m / min, the lateral offset is 1.6mm, the powder feeding rate is 20g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 6L / min, the spot diameter is 3mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 200℃, the protective gas flow rate is 16L / min, and the thickness of the prepared wear-resistant layer is 1mm. Step 5: After laser cladding is completed, the sample is wrapped with insulating cotton and slowly cooled to room temperature. The surface of the sample after cooling to room temperature is ground and polished to make the surface roughness of the cladding layer reach Ra1.6μm.

[0043] Testing revealed that, in this embodiment, the transition layer and cladding layer were free of defects such as pores and cracks, the interface between the substrate, transition layer, and wear-resistant layer was well-fused, and the average hardness of the substrate was 95.4 HV. 0.2 The average coefficient of friction is 0.38, the wear amount is 5.1 mg, and the average hardness of the wear-resistant coating is 653.81 HV. 0.2 With an average friction coefficient of 0.25 and a wear amount of 0.32 mg, the wear-resistant coating can effectively protect the substrate.

[0044] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding, including: Step 1: Pre-treat the copper-zirconium alloy matrix; specifically: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate was polished by using sandpaper to polish the surface from coarse to fine, so that the surface roughness reached Ra3.2μm. The polished substrate was then placed in acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20 minutes. After removal, it was rinsed with deionized water and dried for later use. The ultrasonic cleaning frequency was 35kHz. Step 2: A CuSn film is sputtered onto the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate using magnetron sputtering technology. The thickness of the CuSn film is 1 μm. During the sputtering process, the sputtering power is 120 W, the sputtering pressure is 0.8 Pa, the sputtering time is 1 hour, and the deposition temperature is 250 °C. Step 3: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a transition layer (i.e., iron-based coating) is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film of copper-zirconium alloy using spherical 316 powder with a particle size range of 53~180μm. The laser cladding process parameters for the transition layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 2kW, the scanning speed is 1.4m / min, the lateral offset is 1.6mm, the powder feeding rate is 15g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 6.5L / min, the spot diameter is 3mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 180℃, the protective gas flow rate is 17L / min, and the thickness of the prepared transition layer is 0.9mm. Step 4: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the transition layer using spherical stainless Ni-based composite WC powder with a particle size range of 53~120μm. The mass percentage of WC is 30%. The laser cladding process parameters for the wear-resistant layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 1.5kW, the scanning speed is 1.4m / min, the lateral offset is 1.4mm, the powder feeding rate is 18g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 6.5L / min, the spot diameter is 2mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 250℃, the protective gas flow rate is 17L / min, and the thickness of the prepared wear-resistant layer is 1.1mm. Step 5: After laser cladding is completed, the sample is wrapped with insulating cotton and slowly cooled to room temperature. The surface of the sample after cooling to room temperature is ground and polished to make the surface roughness of the cladding layer reach Ra1.6μm.

[0045] Testing revealed that, in this embodiment, the transition layer and cladding layer were free of defects such as pores and cracks, the interface between the substrate, transition layer, and wear-resistant layer was well-fused, and the average hardness of the substrate was 98.5 HV. 0.2 The average coefficient of friction is 0.40, the wear amount is 3.3 mg, and the average hardness of the wear-resistant coating is 673.81 HV. 0.2 With an average friction coefficient of 0.26 and a wear amount of 0.31 mg, the wear-resistant coating can effectively protect the substrate.

[0046] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding, including: Step 1: Pre-treat the copper-zirconium alloy matrix; specifically: The copper-zirconium alloy substrate was polished by using sandpaper to polish the surface from coarse to fine, so that the surface roughness reached Ra6.3μm. The polished substrate was then placed in acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes. After removal, it was rinsed with deionized water and dried for later use. The ultrasonic cleaning frequency was 35kHz. Step 2: A CuSn film is sputtered onto the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate using magnetron sputtering technology. The thickness of the CuSn film is 1 μm. During the sputtering process, the sputtering power is 100 W, the sputtering pressure is 1 Pa, the sputtering time is 1 hour, and the deposition temperature is 300 °C. Step 3: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a transition layer (i.e., iron-based coating) is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film of copper-zirconium alloy using spherical 309S powder with a particle size range of 53~180μm. The laser cladding process parameters for the transition layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 1.8kW, the scanning speed is 1.4m / min, the lateral offset is 1.5mm, the powder feeding rate is 14g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 7L / min, the spot diameter is 2mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 200℃, the protective gas flow rate is 17L / min, and the thickness of the prepared transition layer is 1mm. Step 4: Using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology, a wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the transition layer using spherical stainless Ni-based composite WC powder with a particle size range of 53~120μm. The mass percentage of WC is 20%. The laser cladding process parameters for the wear-resistant layer are as follows: a semiconductor laser is used for laser cladding, the laser power is 1.7kW, the scanning speed is 1.3m / min, the lateral offset is 1.5mm, the powder feeding rate is 18g / min, the powder carrier gas flow rate is 6L / min, the spot diameter is 3mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 200℃, the protective gas flow rate is 16L / min, and the thickness of the prepared wear-resistant layer is 1.2mm. Step 5: After laser cladding is completed, the sample is wrapped with insulating cotton and slowly cooled to room temperature. The surface of the sample after cooling to room temperature is ground and polished to make the surface roughness of the cladding layer reach Ra1.6μm.

[0047] Testing revealed that, in this embodiment, the transition layer and cladding layer were free of defects such as pores and cracks, the interface between the substrate, transition layer, and wear-resistant layer was well-fused, and the average hardness of the substrate was 98.5 HV. 0.2 The average coefficient of friction is 0.40, the wear amount is 3.3 mg, and the average hardness of the wear-resistant coating is 673.81 HV. 0.2 With an average friction coefficient of 0.26 and a wear amount of 0.31 mg, the wear-resistant coating can effectively protect the substrate.

[0048] Testing revealed that, in this embodiment, the transition layer and cladding layer were free of defects such as pores and cracks, the interface between the substrate, transition layer, and wear-resistant layer was well-fused, and the average hardness of the substrate was 88.4 HV. 0.2 The average coefficient of friction is 0.40, the wear amount is 5.8 mg, and the average hardness of the wear-resistant coating is 654.23 HV. 0.2With an average friction coefficient of 0.27 and a wear amount of 0.45mg, the wear-resistant coating can effectively protect the substrate.

[0049] Example 5 The method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Example 4. The difference is that in step 4 of this embodiment, WC is replaced with an equal amount of SiC.

[0050] Testing revealed that, in this embodiment, the transition layer and cladding layer were free of defects such as pores and cracks, the interface between the substrate, transition layer, and wear-resistant layer was well-fused, and the average hardness of the substrate was 88.4 HV. 0.2 The average coefficient of friction is 0.40, the wear amount is 5.5 mg, and the average hardness of the wear-resistant coating is 665.34 HV. 0.2 With an average friction coefficient of 0.32 and a wear amount of 0.37 mg, the wear-resistant coating can effectively protect the substrate.

[0051] Example 6 The method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 4. The difference is that in step 4 of this embodiment, WC is replaced with an equal amount of TiC.

[0052] Testing revealed that, in this embodiment, the transition layer and cladding layer were free of defects such as pores and cracks, the interface between the substrate, transition layer, and wear-resistant layer was well-fused, and the average hardness of the substrate was 89.5 HV. 0.2 The average coefficient of friction is 0.41, the wear amount is 6.8 mg, and the average hardness of the wear-resistant coating is 634.23 HV. 0.2 The average coefficient of friction is 0.32, and the wear amount is 0.42mg. The wear-resistant coating can effectively protect the substrate.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 The method for preparing the wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding provided in this comparative example is basically the same as that in Example 4. The difference is that in this comparative example, after sputtering a CuSn film on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, the wear-resistant layer is prepared directly. All other aspects are the same as in Example 4.

[0054] The wear-resistant coating prepared on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy in this comparative example lacks a transition layer (i.e., an iron-based coating). Testing revealed cracking and flaking at the interface between the wear-resistant layer and the substrate, indicating ineffective bonding. Further flaw detection was performed. Figure 6 As shown, cracks exist in the wear-resistant layer.

[0055] Comparative Example 2 The method for preparing a wear-resistant coating of copper-zirconium alloy based on laser cladding provided in this comparative example is basically the same as that in Example 4. The difference is that this comparative example does not prepare a CuSn film on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy substrate, but directly prepares an iron-based coating and a cladding layer (i.e., a wear-resistant layer).

[0056] Upon testing, in this comparative example, if Figure 7 As shown, cracking and detachment occur at the junction of the transition layer and the substrate, indicating that the bonding is ineffective.

[0057] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0058] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing a laser cladding based copper-zirconium alloy wear resistant coating, characterized in that, The application relates to a copper-zirconium alloy base body and a preparation method thereof. The application comprises the following steps: a copper-zirconium alloy base body is prepared; a CuSn film layer is prepared on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy base body, and the thickness of the CuSn film layer is 0.5-2 mu m; an iron-based coating layer is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film layer, and the thickness of the iron-based coating layer is 0.8-1 mm; a wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the iron-based coating layer, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is 1-1.2 mm; 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding based copper-zirconium alloy wear resistant coating is prepared by, the material for preparing the wear-resistant layer is a nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder, the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder comprises a nickel-based alloy and a ceramic powder; the nickel-based alloy comprises Ni60, Ni50 or Ni45, and the ceramic powder comprises WC, SiC and TiC. The application further comprises the following steps: a CuSn target is used to sputter a CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy base body; 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the laser cladding based copper zirconium alloy wear resistant coating is prepared by, the content of Cu in the CuSn target is 90 wt%, and the content of Sn is 10 wt%. The application further comprises the following process parameters for sputtering the CuSn film layer on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy base body:

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding based copper-zirconium alloy wear- resistant coating is prepared by, the power for sputtering is 100-150 W, the gas pressure for sputtering is 0.5-1.0 Pa, the time for sputtering is 0.5-3 hours, and the deposition temperature is 200-300 DEG C. The application further comprises the following steps: an iron-based coating layer is prepared on the surface of the CuSn film layer; 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the laser cladding based copper zirconium alloy wear resistant coating is prepared by, in the process of preparing the iron-based coating layer, the cladding powder comprises 304, 309S or 316 stainless steel; the shape of the cladding powder is spherical, and the particle size of the cladding powder is 53-180 mu m. The application further comprises the following process parameters for cladding the iron-based coating layer on the surface of the CuSn film layer:

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding based copper zirconium alloy wear resistant coating is prepared by, the laser power is 1.5-2.5 kW, the scanning speed is 1.2-1.5 m / min, the lateral offset is 1.3-1.6 mm, the powder feeding rate is 12-18 g / min, the powder gas flow rate is 6-7 L / min, the spot diameter is 2-3 mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 150-200 DEG C, and the protective gas flow rate is 16-18 L / min. The application further comprises the following steps:

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the laser cladding based copper zirconium alloy wear resistant coating is prepared by, a wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the iron-based coating layer, and the particle size of the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder is 53-120 mu m; the mass percentage of the ceramic powder in the nickel-based alloy composite ceramic powder is 10-40 wt%.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding based copper-zirconium alloy wear- resistant coating is prepared by, The application further comprises the following process parameters for cladding the wear-resistant layer on the surface of the iron-based coating layer: the laser power is 1.3-1.6 kW, the scanning speed is 1.2-1.5 m / min, the lateral offset is 1.3-1.6 mm, the powder feeding rate is 15-20 g / min, the powder gas flow rate is 6-7 L / min, the spot diameter is 2-3 mm, the substrate preheating temperature is 200-300 DEG C, and the protective gas flow rate is 16-18 L / min.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding based copper-zirconium alloy wear- resistant coating is prepared by, The application further comprises the following composition of the copper-zirconium alloy in mass percentage: zirconium is 0.03-0.3 wt%, aluminum is 0.10-0.25 wt%, manganese is 0.10-0.25 wt%, and the balance is copper. The application further comprises the following steps after the wear-resistant layer is prepared on the surface of the iron-based coating layer: The copper-zirconium alloy base with wear-resistant layer is subjected to surface treatment to remove oxide skin and uneven parts, so that the surface roughness reaches Ra 0.8-1.6 μm.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding based copper zirconium alloy wear resistant coating is prepared by, Before the CuSn film layer is prepared on the surface of the copper-zirconium alloy base, the method further comprises the following steps of: The copper-zirconium alloy base is polished from coarse to fine in sequence by using sandpaper, so that the surface oxide film and oil stains are removed, and the surface roughness reaches Ra 3.2-6.3 μm.

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