Steam extraction and condensation type steam turbine stable in operation

Abstract

The invention discloses a steam extraction and condensation type steam turbine stable in operation, and belongs to the field of steam turbines.The steam extraction and condensation type steam turbine stable in operation comprises a base, a bearing shell is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the base, a steam input pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the bearing shell, a bearing seat is fixedly connected to one side of the bearing shell, and a rotating shaft is rotationally connected to the interior of the bearing seat; a stabilizing assembly used for reducing vibration of the steam turbine is fixedly connected between the top of the base and the bearing shell and comprises a plurality of fixing columns fixedly connected into the stabilizing assembly at equal intervals. A pure mechanical stable assembly composed of a fixing column, a sliding balance weight sleeve, a damping ring and a spring is arranged and is in linkage with a rotating shaft or a bearing shell through a connecting arm, a reciprocating plate and the like, harmful vibration needing to be dissipated in a traditional design is converted into reciprocating mechanical energy capable of being utilized, an external power source or complex control is not needed, and the energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, the real-time and self-adaptive suppression of the vibration of the rotor can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of steam turbine technology, specifically relating to a stable extraction condensing steam turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Extraction condensing steam turbines are key power equipment in combined heat and power (CHP) and the power industry. Their operational stability is directly related to unit efficiency, service life, and power supply security. In actual operation, especially when extraction conditions change frequently, the rotor system is prone to unbalanced mechanical vibration due to factors such as steam force pulsation, thermal deformation, and mass imbalance. Such vibrations are significantly harmful: they not only accelerate the wear and fatigue of key components such as bearings and seals, reducing unit efficiency, but may also cause equipment damage or even safety accidents. At the same time, the accompanying noise pollution and increased maintenance costs cannot be ignored.

[0003] Currently, the control of turbine vibration mainly relies on two types of technologies: one is to prevent vibration in advance by improving the precision of machining and dynamic balancing; the other is to suppress vibration in the event by installing passive dampers or active control systems. However, passive dampers (such as squeeze film dampers) have limited adaptability to wide frequency and amplitude vibrations and cannot be automatically adjusted according to operating conditions. Although active control systems can achieve precise control, they are usually complex in structure and expensive. Moreover, the long-term reliability of the sensors, controllers and actuators they rely on faces challenges under harsh operating conditions of high temperature, high pressure and strong vibration, and maintenance is also relatively cumbersome. Therefore, this invention provides a stable extraction condensing steam turbine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a stable extraction condensing steam turbine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a stable extraction condensing steam turbine, comprising a base, a bearing housing fixedly connected to one side of the top of the base, a steam input pipe fixedly connected to the top of the bearing housing, a bearing seat fixedly connected to one side of the bearing housing, a rotating shaft rotatably connected inside the bearing seat, and a stabilizing component for reducing turbine vibration fixedly connected between the top of the base and the bearing housing.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizing component includes a plurality of fixed columns that are equidistantly fixed inside the stabilizing component. Each fixed column is slidably connected to a sliding counterweight sleeve, and the top and bottom of the sliding counterweight sleeve are provided with damping rings.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, each of the sliding counterweight sleeves has a mating ring cavity at its top and bottom, and a spring sleeved on the outside of the fixed column is fixedly connected inside each of the mating ring cavities.

[0008] As a preferred implementation, each two adjacent sliding counterweight sleeves are fixedly connected by a fixed plate, the bottom of the stable assembly inner cavity is fixedly connected with multiple limiting racks, the inside of each limiting rack is fixedly connected with a guide column, and the outside of each guide column is slidably connected with a sliding part.

[0009] As a preferred implementation, the bottom of each sliding part is fixedly connected with a reciprocating plate, the top of the two sides of the reciprocating plate is rotatably connected with a connecting arm, and the other end of the two connecting arms is rotatably connected with the front surface of the fixed plate.

[0010] As a preferred implementation, one side of the bearing shell is fixedly connected with a piston sleeve, the bottom of the piston sleeve is slidably connected with a piston rod, the bottom end of the piston rod is rotatably connected with two connecting plates, and the other end of the two connecting plates is rotatably connected with the top of the reciprocating plate.

[0011] As a preferred implementation, the top end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with a piston head, the top of the piston head is rotatably connected with a conical head, and the top side wall of the conical head is circumferentially provided with multiple arc-shaped fan blades.

[0012] As a preferred implementation, one side of the piston sleeve is fixedly connected with an oil delivery pipe, the oil delivery pipe is in communication with an external lubricating oil storage tank, and the top of the piston sleeve is fixedly connected with a communication pipe for supplying oil to the bearing seat.

[0013] As a preferred implementation, the outside of the communication pipe and the oil delivery pipe is fixedly installed with a one-way valve, and the one-way valve is used to prevent the reverse flow of lubricating oil.

[0014] As a preferred implementation, the top of one side of the base is fixedly connected with an outer shell, the outer shell is in communication with the bearing shell through a connecting pipe, a stator is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell, and a rotor is arranged on the outside of the outer shell.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: The stable steam extraction condensing steam turbine is provided with a pure mechanical stable assembly composed of a fixed column, a sliding counterweight sleeve, a damping ring and a spring, and is linked with a rotating shaft or a bearing shell through connecting arms, reciprocating plates and the like, so that the "harmful vibration" that needs to be dissipated in the traditional design is converted into reciprocating mechanical energy that can be utilized, without the need for external power supply or complex control, and the real-time and self-adaptive suppression of rotor vibration can be realized.

[0016] The running stable extraction steam condensing turbine drives the piston type self-lubricating unit by the stable assembly, the reciprocating plate transmits vibration energy to the piston rod, the piston head reciprocates in the piston sleeve, the one-way valve on the oil pipe and the communication pipe is matched, and the self-supply energy pulse lubricating pump is formed, the vibration intensity and the lubricating supply are intelligently associated, the action amplitude of the stable assembly is increased when the vibration is intensified, the oil pumping frequency and the pressure are automatically increased, the self-adaptive protection mechanism that the stronger the vibration is, the stronger the lubrication is is formed, the bearing wear is prevented, and the harsh working condition is effectively responded to; The running stable extraction steam condensing turbine realizes efficient and self-maintenance operation of the lubricating unit by the integrated piston head which is provided at the top of the piston rod and is integrated with the conical head and the arc-shaped fan blade, the piston head is driven to rotate by the arc-shaped fan blade when the piston reciprocates, the rotation can effectively scrape the inner wall of the piston sleeve, the jamming caused by the oil dirt deposition is prevented, the operation reliability in the harsh oil quality environment is greatly improved, meanwhile, the streamlined conical structure optimizes the oil liquid inlet and outlet flow channels, reduces the flow resistance, the piston movement driven by the weak vibration is more smooth, and the sensitivity and the efficiency of the whole energy recovery and conversion system are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a front view of the structure of the present application; Figure 2 It is a side view of the local structure of the present application; Figure 3 It is a local sectional view of the structure of the present application; Figure 4 It is an enlarged view of A of Figure 3 ; Figure 5 It is a sectional view of the piston sleeve; Figure 6 It is an enlarged view of B of Figure 5 ;

[0018] In the figure: 1, base; 2, shell; 3, bearing shell; 4, steam input pipe; 5, connecting pipe; 6, rotating shaft; 7, stable assembly; 701, fixed column; 702, sliding counterweight sleeve; 7021, damping ring; 7022, matched ring cavity; 7023, spring; 703, fixed plate; 704, connecting arm; 705, reciprocating plate; 706, limiting frame; 707, guide column; 708, sliding part; 8, bearing seat; 9, piston sleeve; 901, piston rod; 902, connecting plate; 903, piston head; 904, conical head; 905, arc-shaped fan blade; 906, oil pipe; 907, communication pipe; 908, one-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present application is further described below in combination with examples.

[0020] The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. The conditions in the examples can be further adjusted according to specific conditions, and simple improvements to the method of the present application under the concept of the present application are within the scope of the present application.

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1-6 The present application provides a stable extraction steam condensing steam turbine, including base 1, the top of one side of base 1 is fixedly connected with bearing shell 3, the top of bearing shell 3 is fixedly connected with steam input pipe 4, one side of bearing shell 3 is fixedly connected with bearing seat 8, the inside of bearing seat 8 is rotatably connected with rotating shaft 6, the top of one side of base 1 is fixedly connected with shell 2, shell 2 is communicated with bearing shell 3 through connecting pipe 5, the inner wall of shell 2 is provided with stator, the outside of rotating shaft 6 located in shell 2 is provided with rotor, the top of base 1 and bearing shell 3 are fixedly connected with stabilizing assembly 7 for reducing steam turbine vibration, stabilizing assembly 7 includes multiple fixed columns 701 fixedly connected in the inside of stabilizing assembly 7, the outside of each fixed column 701 is slidably connected with a sliding counterweight sleeve 702, the top and bottom of sliding counterweight sleeve 702 are provided with damping ring 7021, the top and bottom of each sliding counterweight sleeve 702 are provided with matching ring cavity 7022, the inside of each matching ring cavity 7022 is fixedly connected with spring 7023 sleeved on the outside of fixed column 701, every two adjacent sliding counterweight sleeves 702 are fixedly connected through fixed plate 703, the bottom of the inside of stabilizing assembly 7 is fixedly connected with multiple limiting frames 706, the inside of each limiting frame 706 is fixedly connected with guide column 707, the outside of each guide column 707 is slidably connected with sliding part 708, the bottom of multiple sliding parts 708 is fixedly connected with reciprocating plate 705, the top of both sides of reciprocating plate 705 is rotatably connected with connecting arm 704, the other end of two connecting arms 704 is rotatably connected with the front surface of fixed plate 703; When the extraction condensing steam turbine is running, especially when the working condition fluctuates due to the change of load or extraction amount, the vibration of the rotating shaft 6 is transmitted to the stabilizing assembly 7 through the bearing seat 8 and the base 1. The sliding counterweight sleeve 702 installed on the fixed column 701 tends to keep the original motion state under the action of inertia, so it will produce lagging sliding relative to the fixed column 701 which vibrates with the base 1. The sliding displacement is constrained on the fixed column 701 and immediately subjected to the elastic restoring force of the pre-tightening spring 7023 in the ring cavity 7022 at both ends. At the same time, the damping ring 7021 filled with high-viscosity medium is filled between the inner wall of the sliding counterweight sleeve 702 and the fixed column 701, which produces strong viscous resistance when sliding. In this process, the main mechanical energy of the rotating shaft 6 vibration is converted into potential energy of the spring 7023 and heat energy generated by internal friction of the damping ring 7021, which is quickly dissipated. More importantly, the pulling force of the spring 7023 on the sliding counterweight sleeve 702 is opposite to the direction of vibration displacement, forming a dynamic balance force acting on the base 1 in real time. This force can adaptively offset part of the excitation vibration through structural feedback, effectively suppress the amplitude of the rotating shaft 6 and improve the running stability of the whole machine. The plurality of sliding counterweight sleeves 702 are rigidly connected by the fixed plate 703 to realize synchronous motion of the mass blocks. The fixed plate 703 transmits the swing to the connecting arm 704 hinged thereto. The other end of the connecting arm 704 is hinged to the top of the reciprocating plate 705, thereby converting the swing of the fixed plate 703 into planar motion of the reciprocating plate 705. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of power transmission, the reciprocating plate 705 is fixed with a sliding part 708 at the bottom, which is constrained on the guide column 707 fixed in the inner cavity of the stabilizing assembly 7. The guide column 707 and the sliding part 708 constitute a high-precision sliding pair, which forcibly limits the reciprocating plate 705 to move in the axial direction of the guide column 707, i.e. in a single direction, to make strict linear reciprocating motion. This design eliminates the risk of lateral swing and jamming, and ensures that the vibration energy absorbed and converted by the stabilizing assembly 7 is efficiently and directionally converted into reciprocating mechanical energy for subsequent mechanisms.

[0022] Please refer to Figures 1-6The side of the bearing shell 3 is fixedly connected with a piston sleeve 9, the bottom of the piston sleeve 9 is slidably connected with a piston rod 901, the bottom end of the piston rod 901 is rotatably connected with two connecting plates 902, the other ends of the two connecting plates 902 are rotatably connected with the top of the reciprocating plate 705, the top end of the piston rod 901 is fixedly connected with a piston head 903, the top of the piston head 903 is rotatably connected with a conical head 904, the top side wall of the conical head 904 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of arc-shaped fan blades 905, one side of the piston sleeve 9 is fixedly connected with an oil delivery pipe 906, the oil delivery pipe 906 is in communication with an external lubricating oil storage tank, the top of the piston sleeve 9 is fixedly connected with a communication pipe 907 for supplying oil to the bearing seat 8, the outer portions of the oil delivery pipe 906 and the communication pipe 907 are fixedly provided with one-way valves 908, and the one-way valves 908 are used for preventing the lubricating oil from flowing back; The top of the reciprocating plate 705 is rotatably connected with the bottom end of the piston rod 901 through the two symmetrically arranged connecting plates 902, so as to form a stable motion transmission mechanism; when the reciprocating plate 705 is constrained to move in a precise straight line reciprocating motion by the guide column 707, the motion is converted into a pushing and pulling action on the piston rod 901 through the two connecting plates 902, so as to drive the piston rod 901 and the piston head 903 connected with the top end of the piston rod 901 to move in a synchronous axial reciprocating motion in the inner cavity of the piston sleeve 9; The outer contour of the conical head 904 at the top end of the piston head 903 is in a streamlined transition, and this structure significantly optimizes the geometric shape of the oil flow channel in the inner cavity of the piston sleeve 9. In the oil suction stroke of the piston head 903 in the pulling and retracting process, the lubricating oil is closely attached to the curved surface of the conical head 904, is smoothly and low-disturbance introduced and filled into the chamber left in front of the piston head 903, and this process is completed through the oil delivery pipe 906. In the oil discharge stroke of the piston head 903 in the pushing and advancing process, the conical head 904 guides the oil in front of it to converge to the central outlet at the top of the piston sleeve 9, and is smoothly extruded, effectively reducing the energy loss caused by flow separation and vortex. In particular, in this oil discharge process, the oil flowing at a high speed through the side wall of the conical head 904 will impact the plurality of arc-shaped fan blades 905 uniformly distributed in the circumference. The specific curved surface of the arc-shaped fan blades 905 will convert part of the axial flow kinetic energy of the oil into a torque for driving the conical head 904 to rotate around its axis. Since the conical head 904 is fixedly connected with or integrated with the piston head 903, this rotating torque makes the entire piston head 903 produce a rotary motion around the axis while moving in the axial reciprocating motion. This rotary motion driven by the fluid makes the outer circumferential surface of the piston head 903 move in a relative circumferential motion with the inner wall of the piston sleeve 9, forming a continuous scraping effect, which can effectively prevent the gum or impurities in the lubricating oil from being deposited and scaled on the matching surface, fundamentally avoiding the piston jamming failure caused by the accumulation of dirt, and significantly improving the working reliability of the lubricating execution unit in the long-term maintenance-free operation; The piston sleeve 9, the piston head 903 and the two groups of one-way valves 908 jointly form a complete mechanical pulse pump; Its working cycle is as follows: in the oil suction stroke, the piston head 903 moves backward, the pressure in the front cavity in the piston sleeve 9 decreases, at this time the one-way valve 908 on the oil delivery pipe 906 opens under the action of pressure difference, and the lubricating oil is sucked in; at the same time, the one-way valve 908 on the communication pipe 907 remains closed due to the fact that the outlet pressure is higher than the inlet pressure, thereby preventing the backflow of oil; in the oil discharge stroke, the piston head 903 moves forward, the oil in the compression front cavity is compressed to increase the pressure, at this time the one-way valve 908 on the oil delivery pipe 906 is closed to block the oil suction circuit; and the one-way valve 908 on the communication pipe 907 opens under the internal oil pressure to inject a pulse of pressurized oil into the lubrication point of the bearing seat 8. The creativity of this mechanism lies in that the energy driving the movement of the piston head 903 is completely derived from the vibration of the rotating shaft 6. When the vibration of the unit increases, the sliding range of the sliding weight sleeve 702 increases, the driving force and stroke transmitted to the piston rod 901 through the fixed plate 703, the connecting arm 704, the reciprocating plate 705 and the connecting plate 902 also increase, which directly leads to the increase of the reciprocating speed of the piston head 903 and the possible increase of the effective volume of the oil discharge stroke, thereby automatically increasing the output frequency and the single oil discharge pressure. Therefore, the system can intelligently establish and maintain a dynamic self-adaptive protection relationship of "the stronger the vibration, the stronger the lubrication" without any external control, thereby providing timely and enhanced lubrication protection for the bearings in the bearing seat 8 under abnormal vibration working conditions.

[0023] The working principle and use process of the present application are as follows: when the steam turbine runs, especially when the working condition changes to cause the vibration of the rotating shaft 6, the vibration is transmitted to the stabilizing assembly 7, and the sliding weight sleeve 702 slides relative to the fixed column 701 under the action of inertia, the sliding is subjected to the elastic restoring force of the spring 7023 in the matching ring cavity 7022 and the resistance of the viscous fluid in the damping ring 7021, the process converts the harmful vibration mechanical energy into heat energy dissipation, and through the lag pulling of the sliding weight sleeve 702, a balance force opposite to the vibration direction is generated, thereby real-time and self-adaptive inhibiting the amplitude of the rotating shaft 6, and improving the stability of the unit operation; The movement of the sliding weight sleeve 702 is synchronized through the fixed plate 703, and then drives the connecting arm 704 connected thereto to swing, the connecting arm 704 drives the reciprocating plate 705 to move, the reciprocating plate 705 slides along the guide column 707 through the sliding part 708 at the bottom of the reciprocating plate 705, and the cooperation of the guide column 707 and the sliding part 708 ensures that the reciprocating plate 705 strictly moves along the preset track in a straight line, avoiding movement jamming, and efficiently and directionally converting the vibration energy into reciprocating mechanical energy for output; The reciprocating movement of the reciprocating plate 705 is transmitted to the piston rod 901 through the two connecting plates 902 at the top, driving the piston rod 901 and the piston head 903 at the top end thereof to make synchronous reciprocating movement in the piston sleeve 9, and the conical head 904 at the top of the piston head 903 optimizes the oil flow channel; when the piston head 903 retreats, lubricating oil is smoothly sucked into the front cavity of the piston sleeve 9 from the oil delivery pipe 906; when the piston head 903 advances, the oil is pressed out through the conical head 904, and at the same time, the flowing oil acts on the arc-shaped fan blade 905, generating torque to make the conical head 904 rotate together with the piston head 903; the integrated design of the arc-shaped fan blade 905 and the conical head 904 makes the piston rotate in each reciprocating operation, which can continuously scrape the inner wall of the piston sleeve 9, effectively preventing oil dirt deposition, and fundamentally solving the problem of easy jamming of the traditional piston in the lubrication system, greatly improving the reliability of the self-powered unit in long-term operation. The reciprocating movement of the piston sleeve 9 cooperates with the one-way valve 908 to form a complete self-powered pulse pump; when the piston head 903 retreats, the one-way valve 908 on the oil delivery pipe 906 opens to suck oil, and the one-way valve 908 on the connecting pipe 907 closes; when the piston head 903 advances, the one-way valve 908 on the oil delivery pipe 906 closes, and the one-way valve 908 on the connecting pipe 907 opens to inject the pressurized lubricating oil into the bearing seat 8, which creatively associates vibration intensity and lubrication supply intelligently: when the unit vibration intensifies, the amplitude of the sliding counterweight sleeve 702 and the reciprocating plate 705 increases, driving the piston sleeve 9 to pump oil at a higher frequency and pressure, automatically forming a self-adaptive protection mechanism of "the stronger the vibration, the stronger the lubrication", providing additional safety protection for the bearing in harsh working conditions.

[0024] The basic mechanical components in the present application and the general standard parts, such as the one-way valve 908, are all existing mature products or general mechanical structures, and the specific structure, connection mode and working principle as an independent part are all conventional technical means disclosed in the art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0025] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine comprising a base (1), characterized in that: The top of the base (1) is fixedly connected with a bearing shell (3), the top of the bearing shell (3) is fixedly connected with a steam input pipe (4), one side of the bearing shell (3) is fixedly connected with a bearing seat (8), the inside of the bearing seat (8) is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (6), and the top of the base (1) and the bearing shell (3) are fixedly connected with a stabilizing assembly (7) for reducing the vibration of the steam turbine.

2. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilizing assembly (7) comprises a plurality of fixed columns (701) fixedly connected at equal intervals in the inside of the stabilizing assembly (7), the outside of each fixed column (701) is slidably connected with a sliding counterweight sleeve (702), and the top and bottom of the sliding counterweight sleeve (702) are provided with damping rings (7021).

3. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top and bottom of each sliding counterweight sleeve (702) are provided with a matching ring cavity (7022), and the inside of each matching ring cavity (7022) is fixedly connected with a spring (7023) sleeved outside the fixed column (701).

4. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that: Every two adjacent sliding counterweight sleeves (702) are fixedly connected through a fixed plate (703), the bottom of the inside of the stabilizing assembly (7) is fixedly connected with a plurality of limiting racks (706), the inside of each limiting rack (706) is fixedly connected with a guide column (707), and the outside of each guide column (707) is slidably connected with a sliding part (708).

5. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of each sliding part (708) is fixedly connected with a reciprocating plate (705), the top of both sides of the reciprocating plate (705) is rotatably connected with a connecting arm (704), and the other end of each connecting arm (704) is rotatably connected with the front surface of the fixed plate (703).

6. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side of the bearing shell (3) is fixedly connected with a piston sleeve (9), the bottom of the piston sleeve (9) is slidably connected with a piston rod (901), the bottom end of the piston rod (901) is rotatably connected with two connecting plates (902), and the other end of each connecting plate (902) is rotatably connected with the top of the reciprocating plate (705).

7. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top end of the piston rod (901) is fixedly connected with a piston head (903), the top of the piston head (903) is rotatably connected with a conical head (904), and the top side wall of the conical head (904) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of arc-shaped fan blades (905).

8. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 7, characterized in that: One side of the piston sleeve (9) is fixedly connected with an oil delivery pipe (906), the oil delivery pipe (906) is in communication with an external lubricating oil storage tank, and the top of the piston sleeve (9) is fixedly connected with a communication pipe (907) for supplying oil to the bearing seat (8).

9. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outside of the communication pipe (907) and the oil delivery pipe (906) is fixedly installed with a one-way valve (908), and the one-way valve (908) is used to prevent the reverse flow of lubricating oil.

10. A stable extraction condensing steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of one side of the base (1) is fixedly connected with an outer shell (2), the outer shell (2) is in communication with the bearing shell (3) through a connecting pipe (5), the inner wall of the outer shell (2) is provided with a stator, and the outside of the rotating shaft (6) located in the outer shell (2) is provided with a rotor.

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