Performance testing device for impact type rock breaking tool and design method

Abstract

The invention discloses an impact type rock breaking tool performance testing device and a design method. The device comprises a force measuring component and a pressure bearing spring. The pressure-bearing spring is fixed between the bottom plate and the top plate; the top plate is covered with a loading plate. The force measuring component comprises a force measuring component upper plate and a force measuring component lower plate. The force sensor is fixed between the force measuring component upper plate and the force measuring component lower plate; the force measuring component lower plate is fixed above the loading plate; an inner side panel of the high-damping rubber energy dissipation part is connected with the loading plate; the method comprises the following steps: establishing a testing device-foundation-site soil body integral three-dimensional finite element model through stress characteristics of parts, and determining design parameters of a loading plate, a pressure-bearing spring and a rubber energy dissipation part through numerical analysis; the problems of huge fund and time cost, high underground fault risk, low test efficiency and the like existing in the performance and service life test of the impact rock breaking tool in the prior art are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of drilling, and particularly relates to a performance testing device and design method of an impact rock breaking tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of energy engineering drilling such as oil and gas field development, mineral exploration, coal field exploitation and geothermal well construction, many regions are faced with engineering challenges such as poor drillability and lack of water resources. Firstly, hard rock layers such as granite, basalt, dense sandstone and metal ore have very low drillability of conventional PDC drill bits, which seriously hinders the drilling process. Secondly, the extreme lack of regional water resources makes it difficult to meet the demand of maintaining normal rock carrying capacity of conventional drilling technology. Under this dilemma, the impact rock breaking tool becomes the core weapon for tackling such complex working conditions due to its unique advantages such as high rock breaking capacity, adaptability to gas working medium and small liquid working medium.

[0003] As a key technology for increasing drilling speed and efficiency, the working principle of the impact rock breaking tool is to realize rock breaking and drilling by the synergistic effect of longitudinal impact force and rotary crushing force on the basis of the drill bit bearing a certain static load. At present, the performance and life test and evaluation of such tools mainly rely on field test and indoor simulation. Although the field test can provide relatively accurate test results, the high capital investment, long test cycle and high risk characteristics of downhole operation greatly hinder the conversion process of the impact rock breaking tool from laboratory research and development to field application. The indoor simulation test usually adopts the method of directly impacting the rock sample, however, once the sample is drilled through, the rock sample needs to be replaced, which is low in test efficiency and high in test cost. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a design method and device for continuously testing the performance and life of the impact rock breaking tool to promote the development of the industry. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide an impact rock breaking tool performance testing device and design method to shorten the development cycle of the impact rock breaking tool, reduce the performance test cost and avoid the risk of downhole failure.

[0005] The technical scheme of the application is as follows:

[0006] An impact rock breaking tool performance testing device, the device comprises a force measuring component and a pressure bearing spring; the pressure bearing spring is fixed between a bottom plate and a top plate; a loading plate is covered on the top plate; the force measuring component comprises a force measuring component upper plate and a force measuring component lower plate; a force sensor is fixed between the force measuring component upper plate and the force measuring component lower plate; the force measuring component lower plate is fixed above the loading plate; the inner side panel of a high-damping rubber energy dissipation component is connected with the loading plate.

[0007] The high-damping rubber energy dissipation component further comprises an outer side panel fixedly connected with the wall body; and the inner side panel of the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component is connected with the loading plate through a clamping plate assembly.

[0008] The loading plate is connected with the lower plate, the top plate and the inner side panel of the force measuring component through bolts.

[0009] The high-damping rubber energy dissipation component is a decomposable and combinable high-damping rubber energy dissipation component.

[0010] The pressure spring is a decomposable and combinable pressure spring.

[0011] A design method of a performance testing device for an impact rock breaking tool, comprising:

[0012] Step 1: a three-dimensional finite element model of the testing device, foundation and site soil body is established, the design parameters of the loading plate, pressure spring and rubber energy dissipation component are determined through numerical simulation analysis, the vibration influence between the surrounding environment and the testing device during the test process is evaluated, and the initial design parameters are determined according to the loading requirements;

[0013] Step 2: when the pressure spring is designed, a decomposable and combinable pressure spring is used, the required spring stiffness under different working conditions is calculated according to the established three-dimensional finite element model, the spring limit bearing capacity is greater than the estimated hammering force, the spring allowable deformation value is less than the single impact deformation, the spring is always in the elastic deformation stage and the deformation does not appear divergent accumulation, the spring group number and the placement mode are designed to be adjustable, so as to meet the test requirements of the impact rock breaking tool of different specifications and different loads;

[0014] Step 3: the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component is a decomposable and combinable high-damping rubber energy dissipation component; the required high-damping rubber energy dissipation component under different working conditions is calculated according to the established three-dimensional finite element model of the testing device, foundation and site soil body; the high-damping rubber shear resistance is greater than the vertical shear force, the high-damping rubber allowable shear deformation value is greater than the single impact shear deformation, and the high-damping rubber shear deformation does not appear divergent accumulation, which are used as evaluation indexes for evaluation; the number of high-damping rubber energy dissipation components is designed to be adjustable, and rubber energy dissipation components with different set damping coefficients are selected, so as to meet the test requirements of the impact rock breaking tool of different specifications and different loads;

[0015] Step 4: when the loading plate is designed, the planar size of the plate is considered to be able to accommodate the designed number of pressure spring bases and high-damping rubber energy dissipation components, and the plate thickness meets the strain stress requirements, and a through hole is provided on the loading plate to meet the bolt connection with the force measuring component, the base of the pressure spring and the high-damping energy dissipation component.

[0016] The design parameters of the loading plate, pressure spring and rubber energy dissipation component in step 1 are solved through a dynamic motion equation, and the formula is:

[0017] ;

[0018] In the formula, , , Acceleration, velocity and displacement vectors of each node in the finite element model, M is a mass matrix, C is a damping matrix, K is a stiffness matrix, Q(t) is a load vector;

[0019] The loading demand is calculated from the impact work of the impact rock breaking tool, and the formula is:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, E is the impact work design value of the impact rock breaking tool, m is the piston mass of the impact rock breaking tool, and v is the impact velocity of the piston of the impact rock breaking tool;The boundary conditions of the model are that the bottom of the soil body is a consolidation constraint, and the side is an equal displacement boundary constraint;The contact mode of the reinforced concrete structure unit and the adjacent soil body unit is fixed contact.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0023] The force measuring component is arranged on the loading plate, and the impact force, impact frequency, acceleration, service life and other data under different working conditions and test environments can be collected in real time by using a remote terminal.

[0024] The pressure spring can be adjusted in spring stiffness, spring number and spring group number according to the numerical simulation results of the test object during installation, different pressure bearing stiffness is realized, and the test requirements of the impact rock breaking tool of different specifications and different loads are met.

[0025] The high-damping rubber energy dissipation component can be adjusted in the number of rubber energy dissipation components according to the numerical simulation results of the test object during installation, and rubber energy dissipation components with different set damping coefficients can be selected to realize different energy dissipation capacity, so as to meet the test requirements of the impact rock breaking tool of different specifications and different loads.

[0026] The loading plate is connected with the lower plate of the force measuring component, the top plate of the pressure spring and the high-damping rubber support panel through bolts, so that the detachable replacement of each part is realized.

[0027] The present application has the characteristics of adjustable bearing capacity, modular design of each component for easy replacement, and recyclable equivalent rock sample force measuring component, thereby reducing the whole life use cost of the device, improving the use efficiency of the device, and solving the problems of huge capital and time cost, high risk of downhole failure and low test efficiency in the performance and service life test of the impact rock breaking tool in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall finite element model of the test device-foundation-site soil body;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a perspective view of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a plan view of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present application provides a performance testing device for impact rock breaking tools and a design method; the device comprises a force measuring component, a loading plate, a pressure spring and a high-damping rubber energy dissipation component. The impact rock breaking tool to be tested applies an impact force to the loading plate through the force measuring component, and the loading plate realizes the process of bearing and dissipating the impact load by using the pressure spring installed on the bottom surface and the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component installed on the side surface.

[0033] According to the stress characteristics of the force measuring component, the loading plate, the pressure spring and the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component of the life testing device, the present application carries out three-dimensional finite element modeling of the overall model of the test device-foundation-site soil body, adjustable pressure spring and lateral energy dissipation component design, and the design method comprises the following steps:

[0034] 1) Assume that the impact rock breaking tool performance testing device designed by the present application is installed in a certain indoor test site, the periphery and the bottom plate are reinforced concrete foundations, and the outside is a soil layer. A three-dimensional finite element model of the overall test device-foundation-site soil body is established, the design parameters of the loading plate, the pressure spring and the rubber energy dissipation component are determined through numerical simulation analysis, the vibration influence between the surrounding environment and the test device during the test process is evaluated, and the initial design parameters are determined according to the loading requirements.

[0035] The design parameters of the pressure spring, the high-damping rubber and the loading plate are solved by the dynamic motion equation, and the formula is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, , , are the acceleration, velocity and displacement vectors of each node in the finite element model, M is the mass matrix, C is the damping matrix, K is the stiffness matrix, and Q(t) is the load vector (i.e. impact load).

[0038] The loading requirement is calculated from the impact work of the impact rock breaking tool, and the formula is:

[0039] ​

[0040] In the formula, E is the impact energy design value of the impact rock breaking tool, m is the mass of the impact rock breaking tool piston, and v is the impact velocity of the impact rock breaking tool piston.

[0041] The test device-foundation-site soil overall three-dimensional finite element model is as shown in Figure 2 The boundary conditions of the model are that the bottom of the soil is a consolidation constraint, and the side is an equal displacement boundary constraint. The contact mode of the reinforced concrete structure unit and the adjacent soil unit is fixed contact.

[0042] 2) When designing the pressure spring, a decomposable and combined pressure spring is used. The spring stiffness required under different working conditions is calculated through the three-dimensional finite element model established in the above 1), and the main evaluation indexes are that the spring ultimate bearing capacity is greater than the estimated hammering force, the spring allowable deformation value is less than the single impact deformation, the spring is always in the elastic deformation stage, and the deformation does not appear divergent accumulation. Considering that the present application should meet the test of different types of impact rock breaking tools, the number and placement of the spring are designed to be flexible and adjustable in design, so as to meet the test requirements of different specifications and different loads of the impact rock breaking tool.

[0043] 3) When designing the lateral energy dissipation component, a high-damping rubber energy dissipation component is used. On the one hand, the shear hysteresis characteristics of the high-damping rubber can be used when shear deformation occurs, and the shear stiffness of the rubber can be used as a supplement to the vertical stiffness of the whole device, so as to increase the system damping, improve the energy dissipation capacity, and reduce the reverse impact effect of the impact rock breaking tool. The high-damping rubber energy dissipation component required under different working conditions is calculated through the test device-foundation-site soil overall three-dimensional finite element model established in the above 1), and the main evaluation indexes are that the high-damping rubber shear bearing capacity is greater than the vertical shear force, the high-damping rubber allowable shear deformation value is greater than the single impact shear deformation, and the high-damping rubber shear deformation does not appear divergent accumulation. Considering that the present application should meet the test of different types of impact rock breaking tools, the number of high-damping rubber energy dissipation components is designed to be adjustable, and rubber energy dissipation components with different damping coefficients can be selected, so as to meet the test requirements of different specifications and different loads of the impact rock breaking tool.

[0044] 4) The loading plate is designed to meet the connection and force transmission requirements; when designing the loading plate, the main consideration is that the planar size of the plate can accommodate the designed number of pressure spring bases and high-damping rubber energy dissipation components, and the plate thickness meets the strain stress requirements, so that the steel structure does not occur irreversible nonlinear deformation. At the same time, through holes are provided on the loading plate to meet the bolt connection with the force measuring component, the base of the pressure spring and the high-damping energy dissipation component.

[0045] 5) Design a remote terminal that connects the force sensor and the drive device of the impact rock breaking tool (such as a mobile drilling rig). It can continuously collect force sensor data in real time and control parameters such as the displacement, speed, and drilling pressure of the drive device.

[0046] 6) Design an impact rock-breaking tool performance testing device using the methods described above (e.g., Figures 3-4 As shown, the device includes a force-measuring component, a loading plate 4, a compression spring 10, and a high-damping rubber energy-dissipating component 6. The force sensor 2 of the force-measuring component receives the load through the upper plate 1 of the force-measuring component and then transmits it to the loading plate 4 through the lower plate 3 of the force-measuring component. The loading plate 4 is connected to the lower plate 3 of the force-measuring component, the top plate 9 of the compression spring 10, and the inner panel 7 by bolts, allowing for easy removal and replacement. The top plate 9 of the compression spring 10 is connected to the loading plate 4 and only bears vertical force without any horizontal component; therefore, the bottom plate 11 of the compression spring can be placed directly on the ground without any fixed installation requirements. The inner panel 7 of the high-damping rubber energy-dissipating component 6 is connected to the loading plate 4 through a clamping assembly 8. Because it bears vertical force, the outer panel 5 of the high-damping rubber energy-dissipating component 6 needs to be fixedly connected to the surrounding wall to transmit vertical shear loads.

[0047] The force sensor of the force measuring component of the present invention does not directly contact the rock-breaking tool. It receives the load through the upper plate of the force measuring component and then transmits it to the loading plate through the lower plate of the force measuring component.

[0048] The loading plate of the present invention is connected to the lower plate of the force measuring component, the top plate of the pressure spring, and the high-damping rubber support panel by bolts, thereby enabling it to be disassembled and replaced.

[0049] The panel of the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component of the present invention is connected to the loading plate through a clamping plate assembly. Because it bears vertical force, the outer panel of the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component needs to be fixedly connected to the surrounding wall so as to transmit vertical shear load.

[0050] The top plate of the pressure spring of this invention is connected to the loading plate and only bears vertical force without horizontal component force. Therefore, the bottom plate can be placed directly on the ground or support without fixed installation requirements.

[0051] During use, the impact rock-breaking tool applies impact loading to the performance testing device of the impact rock-breaking tool of this invention in the vertical direction. The force measuring component obtains the impact force through the force sensor, the pressure spring undergoes vertical deformation, and the high-damping rubber undergoes shear deformation. Energy dissipation and rebound are achieved through the vertical movement of the loading plate, spring compression, and rubber shearing, thus completing the impact loading process.

[0052] This embodiment takes as an example an impact rock-breaking tool performance testing device designed using the design method of the present invention, which is applicable to several models of impact rock-breaking tools.

[0053] The common action of structure and site is considered in the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation modeling, and the length and width of the overall structure are respectively 40 meters and 20 meters. Considering that the loading direction of the impact rock breaking tool is vertical, the structure with a height of 50m is selected for modeling in the vertical direction. The reinforced concrete foundation is simulated by using a concrete material entity element, and the elastic modulus is 34500MPa, the Poisson's ratio is 0.2, and the density is ρ=2500kg / m 3 ; the surrounding soil is simulated by using an elastic material entity element, and the elastic modulus is 347.6MPa, the Poisson's ratio is 0.3, and the density is ρ=1988kg / m 3 . The reinforced concrete foundation model and the complete foundation-site overall model have 145,000 nodes and contain 131,700 entity elements. Based on the target impact peak, impact frequency, service life and other data, and relying on three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation, the pressure spring 4 groups are designed, the single group limit bearing capacity is 108kN, the limit displacement is 25mm, and the vertical stiffness is 4320KN / m; the loading plate is designed to be 880mm*1200mm, the plate thickness is 100mm, and the material is 45# steel.

[0054] The numerical simulation results show that the maximum internal force of the single spring is 48kN, which is less than the designed limit bearing capacity (108kN), the maximum displacement of the single spring is 10mm, which is less than the designed limit displacement (25mm) and is restored to zero position after single hitting without divergent cumulative displacement. The maximum stress of the loading plate is 7MPa, which is less than the allowable stress (355MPa), and the loading plate does not occur irreversible nonlinear deformation. In summary, for the impact rock breaking tool performance test device of the embodiment, the system response is less than the allowable or limit bearing capacity of each part, which meets the design requirements.

[0055] The impact rock breaking tool performance test device obtained by using the design method has a force measuring component on the loading plate, which can conveniently obtain impact force, impact frequency, service life and other data under different working conditions and test environments, the number of pressure springs can be changed during installation, the stiffness can be adjusted, the number of high-damping rubber energy dissipation components can be changed during installation, and the damping coefficient can be adjusted, so as to meet the test requirements of impact rock breaking tools of different specifications and different loads. Each part can be disassembled and replaced, and the whole test piece is easy to recycle and reduce the cost of test piece manufacturing.

Claims

1. An apparatus for testing performance of percussive rock breaking tools, characterized by: The device comprises a force measuring component and a pressure spring (10); the pressure spring (10) is fixed between the bottom plate (11) and the top plate (9); the top plate (9) is covered with a loading plate (4); the force measuring component comprises a force measuring component upper plate (1) and a force measuring component lower plate (3); a force sensor (2) is fixed between the force measuring component upper plate (1) and the force measuring component lower plate (3); the force measuring component lower plate (3) is fixed above the loading plate (4); the inner side panel (7) of the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component (6) is connected with the loading plate (4).

2. The performance testing device for impact rock breaking tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-damping rubber energy dissipation component (6) further comprises an outer side panel (5), which is fixedly connected with the wall body; the inner side panel (7) of the high-damping rubber energy dissipation component (6) is connected with the loading plate (4) through a clamping plate assembly (8).

3. The performance testing device for impact rock breaking tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading plate (4) is connected with the force measuring component lower plate (3), the top plate (9) and the inner side panel (7) through bolts.

4. The performance testing device for impact rock breaking tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-damping rubber energy dissipation component (6) is a high-damping rubber energy dissipation component that can be installed in a decomposable and combined manner.

5. The performance testing device for impact rock breaking tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure spring (10) is a pressure spring that can be installed in a decomposable and combined manner.

6. The method of designing a performance test device for an impact rock breaking tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The method comprises: Step 1: Establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the test device, the foundation and the site soil body, determine the design parameters of the loading plate, the pressure spring and the rubber energy dissipation component through numerical simulation analysis, evaluate the vibration influence between the surrounding environment and the test device during the test process, and determine the initial design parameters according to the loading requirements; Step 2: When designing the pressure spring, a decomposable and combined pressure spring is used; the required spring stiffness under different working conditions is calculated based on the established three-dimensional finite element model; the spring limit bearing capacity is greater than the estimated hammering force, the spring allowable deformation value is less than the single impact deformation, the spring is always in the elastic deformation stage and the deformation does not appear divergent accumulation; the spring group number and the placement mode are designed to be adjustable, so as to meet the test requirements of impact rock breaking tools of different specifications and different loads; Step 3: The high-damping rubber energy dissipation component is a high-damping rubber energy dissipation component that can be installed in a decomposable and combined manner; the required high-damping rubber energy dissipation component under different working conditions is calculated based on the established three-dimensional finite element model of the test device, the foundation and the site soil body; the high-damping rubber shear resistance is greater than the vertical shear force, the high-damping rubber allowable shear deformation is greater than the single impact shear deformation, and the high-damping rubber shear deformation does not appear divergent accumulation; the number of high-damping rubber energy dissipation components is designed to be adjustable, and rubber energy dissipation components with different set damping coefficients are selected, so as to meet the test requirements of impact rock breaking tools of different specifications and different loads; Step 4: When designing the loading plate, the planar size of the plate is considered to be able to accommodate the designed number of pressure spring bases and high-damping rubber energy dissipation components, and the plate thickness meets the strain stress requirements; meanwhile, through holes are provided on the loading plate to meet the bolt connection with the force measuring component, the base of the pressure spring and the high-damping energy dissipation component.

7. The method of designing a performance testing device for impact rock breaking tools according to claim 6, wherein: The design parameters of the loading plate, the pressure spring and the rubber energy dissipation component in step 1 are solved by a dynamic motion equation, and the formula is: ； In the formula, , , are acceleration, velocity and displacement vectors of each node in the finite element model, M is a mass matrix, C is a damping matrix, K is a stiffness matrix, and Q(t) is a load vector. The loading requirements are calculated from the impact work of the impact rock breaking tool, and the formula is: ； In the formula, E is the design value of the impact energy of the impact rock breaking tool, m is the mass of the piston of the impact rock breaking tool, and v is the impact velocity of the piston of the impact rock breaking tool; the boundary condition of the model is that the bottom of the soil body is a consolidation constraint, and the side is an equal displacement boundary constraint; the contact mode of the reinforced concrete structure unit and the adjacent soil body unit is fixed contact.

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