Method and device for detecting shape and size precision of circular shaft workpiece

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of workpiece measurement, and particularly discloses a shape and size precision detection method and device for a circular shaft workpiece, and the method comprises the following steps: horizontally placing the circular shaft workpiece on two pairs of rollers of a detection platform; establishing a space coordinate system by taking the axis of the circular shaft workpiece as an X coordinate axis or a line parallel to the X coordinate axis; a sensor is arranged above the detection platform, and the detection center of the sensor is vertically opposite to the axis of the circular shaft workpiece; the sensor operates along an X coordinate axis or a parallel line of the X coordinate axis, continuous or discontinuous measurement is achieved, length and diameter detection of different diameter sections of the circular shaft workpiece is achieved, and the shape and size precision of the circular shaft workpiece is detected. The roller drives the workpiece to rotate, the sensor is used for collecting corresponding information of the workpiece, and automatic detection of the shape and size precision of the circular shaft workpiece is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of workpiece measurement technology, and relates to a method and device for detecting the shape and size accuracy of a round shaft workpiece. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industries such as aviation, aerospace, and automobiles, the requirements for workpiece precision are becoming increasingly stringent, as are the demands for measurement accuracy and inspection methods. Precision measurement is receiving increasing attention in the manufacturing industry both domestically and internationally. The quality objective of product processing is to ensure that the production of workpieces matches the design requirements. However, maintaining consistency in the production process requires controlling the manufacturing flow. The most effective way to establish and maintain manufacturing flow consistency is to accurately measure workpiece dimensions, analyze the obtained dimensional information, and feed it back into the production process to guarantee product quality. Therefore, various inspection technologies, tools, and methods in manufacturing have also experienced rapid development and engineering applications.

[0003] However, in the round shaft workpiece manufacturing industry, there are no standardized indicators and related automated testing technologies for the shape and size accuracy inspection of round shaft workpieces, which is not conducive to product quality control in industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for detecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of a round shaft workpiece, thereby achieving automatic detection of the shape and dimensional accuracy of the round shaft workpiece.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for detecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of a round shaft workpiece, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Place the round shaft workpiece horizontally on the two pairs of rollers of the inspection platform;

[0007] Establish a spatial coordinate system with the center line of the circular shaft workpiece as the X-axis or a line parallel to it;

[0008] A sensor is installed above the detection platform, with the detection center of the sensor perpendicularly aligned with the axis of the round shaft workpiece.

[0009] The sensor is made to run along the X-axis or its parallel line to continuously or intermittently measure the length and diameter of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece, and to detect the shape and dimensional accuracy of the round shaft workpiece.

[0010] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A round shaft workpiece is placed on two pairs of rollers. The rotation of the rollers drives the round shaft workpiece to rotate, allowing the sensor to collect parameters at various positions on the outer contour of the workpiece. This yields detection data on the length and diameter of different diameter segments of the workpiece, including the runout, roundness, cylindricity, and coaxiality values ​​of the outer diameter. Based on this, the shape and dimensional accuracy of the round shaft workpiece can be detected. The measurement accuracy is high, reaching the micrometer level. No manual intervention is required, and operation is simple. This avoids the cumbersome and inefficient use of various sizes of micrometers and other measuring instruments, as well as the inaccuracies of manual measurement. Furthermore, it solves the problem that conventional manual methods cannot measure the cylindricity and coaxiality of round shaft workpieces. The measurement efficiency is many times higher than that of using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to measure round shaft workpieces. It can be directly integrated into intelligent automated production lines, enabling unmanned inspection of all round shaft workpieces in batch production and providing traceable and verifiable product quality data for record management.

[0011] Furthermore, according to the right-hand rule, the spatial coordinate system is established as follows: the origin is either the center of the end face of the round shaft workpiece or a point on the line connecting the center of the end face of the round shaft workpiece and the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers. The X-axis is the center line of the round shaft workpiece or its parallel line. The Y-axis is the line parallel to the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers and passing through the origin. The Z-axis is the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers that passes through the origin.

[0012] Setting spatial coordinates facilitates accurate measurement of round shaft workpieces of various diameters and lengths, offering broad compatibility.

[0013] Furthermore, the sensor includes a first probe for measuring the diameter of the round shaft workpiece and a second probe for measuring the length of the round shaft workpiece;

[0014] Move the first probe above different diameter segments of the cylindrical workpiece with its detection center perpendicularly aligned with the axis of the diameter segment, control the roller to rotate to drive the cylindrical workpiece to rotate by a preset angle, and measure the diameter of different diameter segments of the cylindrical workpiece.

[0015] Move the second probe along the X-axis or its parallel line to measure the X-axis coordinate values ​​of the end faces of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece, and calculate the length of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece.

[0016] By setting up appropriate probes for targeted data collection, the data acquisition efficiency and accuracy are high.

[0017] Furthermore, based on the diameters of different diameter segments measured on the round shaft workpiece, the circular runout value, roundness value, cylindricity value, and coaxiality value of each segment are obtained;

[0018] The circular runout, roundness, cylindricity, coaxiality, diameter, and length data of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece are compared with the parameters of the round shaft workpiece required by the drawing, and the test results of the shape and dimensional accuracy of the round shaft workpiece are output.

[0019] It can obtain a variety of information about the round shaft workpiece, resulting in more accurate test results, high test precision, and good repeatability.

[0020] Furthermore, the first probe acquires the Z-coordinate value of the outer diameter of the highest-precision diameter segment in the two end regions of the round shaft workpiece, and establishes the axial reference of the round shaft workpiece. During detection, the detection center of the sensor is perpendicularly aligned with the reference axis of the round shaft workpiece.

[0021] Establishing a baseline structure facilitates data acquisition.

[0022] Furthermore, the preset angle is 90 degrees or 180 degrees.

[0023] A suitable preset angle facilitates control of the rotation of the cylindrical workpiece.

[0024] Furthermore, the method for measuring the diameter of different diameter segments of a round shaft workpiece is as follows:

[0025] S1, the first probe measures the Z coordinate value of the outer diameter apex of the different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece facing the first probe, and calculates the radius value of the round shaft workpiece at this point;

[0026] S2, control the roller to rotate to drive the round shaft workpiece to rotate 180 degrees, measure the Z coordinate value of the outer diameter top on the other side of the corresponding section of the round shaft workpiece, calculate the radius value on the other side of the corresponding section of the round shaft workpiece, and add the two radius values ​​to obtain the diameter of the round shaft workpiece.

[0027] S3, the roller rotates, causing the round shaft workpiece to rotate 90 degrees. Repeat S1-S2 to obtain the diameter of the round shaft workpiece in the orthogonal direction and determine the roundness data and ellipticity of the round shaft workpiece.

[0028] Measure the circumferential dimensions of the round shaft workpiece to ensure accurate inspection.

[0029] Furthermore, the method for calculating the lengths of different diameter segments of a round shaft workpiece is as follows:

[0030] The length of the largest diameter segment of the round shaft workpiece = X 左 -X 右 -2λ,X 左 and X 右 X represents the X-movement value when moving to both ends of the maximum diameter segment of the round shaft workpiece, and λ is the compressive displacement from contact to stop when the second probe detects the end face of the round shaft workpiece.

[0031] The length of the other sections of the round shaft workpiece = |X i -X i-1| is the absolute value obtained by subtracting two adjacent detection values ​​at the beginning and end of the segment.

[0032] The amount of data is small, and the calculation is simple.

[0033] The present invention also provides a shape and size accuracy detection device for a round shaft workpiece, including a detection platform, a sensor and a control system. The detection platform includes a base, a first support and a second support disposed on the base, and the round shaft workpiece is placed on the first support and the second support.

[0034] The first support is provided with a first support roller and a second support roller that can rotate around its own central axis. The second support is provided with a third support roller and a fourth support roller that can rotate around its own central axis. The first support roller and the third support roller are coaxially arranged, and the second support roller and the fourth support roller are coaxially arranged.

[0035] The sensor is located above the detection platform. The input end of the control system is connected to the output end of the sensor. The control system executes the method described in this invention to control the operation of the sensor, thereby realizing the detection of technical parameters such as the length and diameter of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece, and detecting the shape and size accuracy of the round shaft workpiece.

[0036] The cylindrical workpiece extends axially along the first support roller and simultaneously contacts the first, second, third, and fourth support rollers. The first and third support rollers support one side of the cylindrical workpiece, while the second and fourth support rollers support the other side. Rotation of the rollers on the first or second support causes the cylindrical workpiece to rotate. Sensors collect structural parameters of the cylindrical workpiece from top to bottom and input them into the control system. The control system then automatically detects the shape and dimensional accuracy of the cylindrical workpiece, making the operation simple.

[0037] Furthermore, the sensor includes a first probe and a second probe, both of which are connected to a drive mechanism that controls their movement in a three-coordinate direction defined by the system. The acquisition ends of the first probe and the second probe are perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical workpiece on the detection platform.

[0038] The sensor uses two probes for targeted data detection, resulting in high precision and accuracy.

[0039] Furthermore, a height adjustment mechanism is provided between the first or second support and the base. If the diameters of the highest-precision diameter segments in the two end regions of the round shaft workpiece are not equal, the end of the round shaft workpiece with the smaller diameter is placed on the corresponding support side with adjustable height.

[0040] A height adjustment mechanism is installed on the first or second support to flexibly adjust the height and adapt to the placement requirements of round shaft workpieces of different sizes.

[0041] Furthermore, it also includes a barcode scanner, which is positioned above the inspection platform. The barcode scanner obtains the serial number of the round shaft workpiece by scanning the code on the workpiece and transmits it to the control system.

[0042] The serial number of the round shaft workpiece is scanned by a barcode scanner to quickly generate the workpiece data, which can then be matched with the inspection data.

[0043] Furthermore, it also includes a stop block, which is disposed on the side of the first support or the second support, the bottom of the stop block is connected to the base, and the end face of the round shaft workpiece can be in contact with the surface of the stop block.

[0044] The stop is set to fit against one end face of the round shaft workpiece to facilitate workpiece positioning. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the shape and size accuracy detection device for a round shaft workpiece according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the right side of the shape and size accuracy detection device for a round shaft workpiece in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the left side of the shape and size accuracy detection device for a round shaft workpiece in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of a round shaft workpiece according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Round shaft workpiece; 2. First pair of support rollers; 3. Second pair of support rollers; 4. Height adjustment mechanism; 5. Base; 6. Barcode scanner; 7. Stop block; 8. Second probe; 9. First probe; 10. Fixing block. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0052] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connection" and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] This invention discloses a method for detecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of a round shaft workpiece, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0054] The round shaft workpiece is placed horizontally on the two pairs of rollers of the inspection platform (i.e., Figure 1 On the first pair of support rollers 2 and the second pair of support rollers 3);

[0055] A spatial coordinate system is established with the centerline of the round shaft workpiece as the X-axis or a line parallel to it. Preferably, the spatial coordinate system is established according to the right-hand rule as follows: the origin is the centerline of the end face of the round shaft workpiece or a point on the line connecting the centerline of the end face of the round shaft workpiece and the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers. The X-axis is the centerline of the round shaft workpiece or its parallel line. The Y-axis is the line parallel to the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers and passing through the origin. The Z-axis is the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers that passes through the origin.

[0056] A sensor is installed above the detection platform, with the detection center of the sensor perpendicularly aligned with the axis of the round shaft workpiece.

[0057] The sensor is made to run along the X-axis or its parallel line to continuously or intermittently measure the technical parameters such as the length and diameter of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece, and to detect the shape and size accuracy of the round shaft workpiece.

[0058] A round shaft workpiece is placed on two pairs of rollers. The rotation of the rollers rotates the workpiece, allowing the sensor to collect parameters at various positions on the workpiece's outer contour. This enables the acquisition of the length and diameter measurements of different diameter segments of the workpiece (the specific diameter segments can be determined according to design parameters, and a detection lead can be set; when detecting a certain diameter segment, the detection lead can be performed in advance). Based on this, the shape and dimensional accuracy of the round shaft workpiece can be measured without manual intervention. The roller rotation is highly precise, achieving an accuracy of 1 micrometer. The sensor's accuracy is 0.1 micrometers, thus providing a precise value for the measured diameter of the round shaft workpiece, with accuracy reaching the micrometer level. Regardless of the shaft's diameter, the measurement accuracy has reached below 5 micrometers. This diameter measurement principle requires intelligent control and reference coordinate motion accuracy at the 1-3 micrometer level, ensuring the micrometer-level accuracy of the round shaft diameter measurement and achieving the precise measurement of the diameter of the largest round shafts currently in the world.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensor includes a first probe (circular probe sensor) for measuring the diameter of a circular shaft workpiece and a second probe (length measuring probe sensor) for measuring the length of the circular shaft workpiece. The first probe is moved above different diameter segments of the circular shaft workpiece, with its detection center perpendicularly aligned with the axis of the diameter segment. A roller is controlled to rotate, causing the circular shaft workpiece to rotate by a preset angle (the preset angle can be set according to specific requirements, such as 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, or 180 degrees, etc.), thereby measuring the diameter of the different diameter segments of the circular shaft workpiece.

[0060] The second probe moves along the X-axis or its parallel line to measure the X-axis coordinate values ​​of the end faces of different diameter segments of the cylindrical workpiece, and calculates the length of each diameter segment. When the first probe is working, the second probe rises above it to avoid interfering with its normal operation. When the second probe is measuring the cylindrical workpiece, it descends to a distance below the rated end of the first probe, thus keeping the first probe out of the working area. The Z-axis lifting and lowering movement of the second probe can be driven and controlled by a cylinder or electric servo mechanism.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the diameters of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece measured, the circular runout value, roundness value, cylindricity value, coaxiality value, diameter data, and length data of each segment are obtained, and compared with the technical parameters required by the round shaft workpiece drawing, outputting the shape and dimensional accuracy test results of the round shaft workpiece. By acquiring multiple pieces of information about the round shaft workpiece, the test results are more accurate, with high precision and good repeatability.

[0062] More preferably, the first probe acquires the Z-coordinate value of the outer diameter of the highest-precision diameter segment within the two end regions (extending a certain distance from the end face to the middle) of the round shaft workpiece, and establishes the axial reference of the round shaft workpiece. During detection, the detection center of the sensor is perpendicularly aligned with the reference axis of the round shaft workpiece.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for measuring the diameter of different diameter segments of a round shaft workpiece is as follows:

[0064] S1, the first probe measures the Z coordinate value of the outer diameter apex of the different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece facing the first probe, and calculates the radius value of the round shaft workpiece at this point;

[0065] S2, control the roller to rotate to drive the round shaft workpiece to rotate 180 degrees, measure the Z coordinate value of the outer diameter top on the other side of the corresponding section of the round shaft workpiece, calculate the radius value on the other side of the corresponding section of the round shaft workpiece, and add the two radius values ​​to obtain the diameter of the round shaft workpiece.

[0066] S3, the roller rotates, causing the round shaft workpiece to rotate 90 degrees. Repeat S1-S2 to obtain the diameter of the round shaft workpiece in the orthogonal direction and determine the roundness data and ellipticity of the round shaft workpiece.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the lengths of different diameter segments of a circular shaft workpiece is as follows:

[0068] The length of the largest diameter segment of the round shaft workpiece = X 左 -X 右 -2λ,X 左 and X 右 X represents the X-movement value when moving to both ends of the maximum diameter segment of the round shaft workpiece, and λ is the compressive displacement from contact to stop when the second probe detects the end face of the round shaft workpiece.

[0069] The length of the other sections of the round shaft workpiece = |X i -X i-1 | is the absolute value obtained by subtracting two adjacent detection values ​​at the beginning and end of the segment.

[0070] The present invention also provides a device for detecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of a round shaft workpiece, such as... Figure 1 The system includes a detection platform, sensors, and a control system. The detection platform includes a base 5, a first support and a second support mounted on the base 5, and a round shaft workpiece 1 placed on the first support and the second support.

[0071] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first support is equipped with a first support roller and a second support roller that can rotate around their own central axis (i.e., Figure 1 The first pair of support rollers 2), and the second support is provided with a third support roller and a fourth support roller (i.e., the first pair of support rollers 2), which can rotate around their own central axis. Figure 1 The second pair of support rollers 3), the first support roller and the third support roller are coaxially arranged, and the second support roller and the fourth support roller are coaxially arranged.

[0072] The sensor is located above the detection platform, such as by being suspended above the platform via a frame or other structure. The input end of the control system is connected to the output end of the sensor. The control system executes the method described in this invention to control the operation of the sensor, thereby realizing the detection of the length and diameter of different diameter segments of the round shaft workpiece 1, and detecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of the round shaft workpiece 1.

[0073] The cylindrical workpiece 1 extends axially along the first support roller and simultaneously contacts the first, second, third, and fourth support rollers. The first and third support rollers support one side of the cylindrical workpiece 1, while the second and fourth support rollers support the other side. Rotation of the rollers on the first or second support causes the cylindrical workpiece 1 to rotate. Sensors collect structural parameters of the cylindrical workpiece 1 from top to bottom and input them into the control system. The control system then automatically detects the shape and dimensional accuracy of the cylindrical workpiece 1, making the operation simple.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensor includes a first probe 9 and a second probe 8. Both the first probe 9 and the second probe 8 are connected to a drive mechanism that controls their movement according to a system-defined three-coordinate direction. The drive mechanism is mounted on a fixed block 10, which is mounted above the detection platform via a metal bracket or similar structure. The acquisition ends of the first probe 9 and the second probe 8 are perpendicularly oriented towards the axis of the round shaft workpiece 1 on the detection platform. The first probe 9 and the second probe 8 can be contact sensors or non-contact sensors, such as laser sensors, for targeted data detection with high accuracy. The drive mechanism can be a combination of cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, lead screws, or other similar mechanisms, resulting in a simple structure.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a height adjustment mechanism 4 is provided between the first or second support and the base 5. If the diameters of the highest-precision diameter segments at both ends of the cylindrical workpiece 1 are not equal, the end of the cylindrical workpiece 1 with the smaller diameter is placed on the corresponding support side with adjustable height. The height adjustment mechanism 4 can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a servo motor and guide rail screw, etc., for height adjustment.

[0076] A height adjustment mechanism 4 is provided on the first or second support, which can flexibly adjust the height of the first or second support to meet the placement requirements of round shaft workpieces 1 of different sizes.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shape and dimensional accuracy detection device for the round shaft workpiece further includes a barcode scanner 6, which is disposed above the detection platform, such as by integration with the sensor structure. The barcode scanner 6 obtains the number of the round shaft workpiece 1 by scanning the code on the round shaft workpiece 1 and transmits it to the control system.

[0078] The barcode scanner 6 scans the number of the round shaft workpiece 1 and inputs it into the control system to quickly generate the data of the round shaft workpiece 1. After the inspection is completed, the inspection data of the round shaft workpiece is automatically generated into an unalterable inspection data report according to the number of the round shaft workpiece, so as to realize the automatic storage and transmission of the inspection shape and size accuracy data of the round shaft workpiece, and ensure that the inspection data of each round shaft workpiece is traceable.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shape and size accuracy detection device for the round shaft workpiece further includes a stop 7. The stop 7 is disposed on the side of the first support or the second support, and the bottom of the stop 7 is fixedly connected to the base 5 (e.g., by welding, riveting, etc.). The end face of the round shaft workpiece 1 can be in contact with the end face of the stop 7. Setting the stop 7 to be in contact with one end face of the round shaft workpiece 1 facilitates workpiece positioning.

[0080] This invention automatically plans the measurement trajectory of a round shaft workpiece 1 based on its different diameters and lengths, achieving unmanned, intelligent, and precise measurement while eliminating human interference. It exhibits good compatibility in measuring the diameter and length of the round shaft workpiece 1, fully realizing flexibility and intelligence.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the established system coordinate system for the workpiece and the motion axis is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the origin of the coordinate system is located on the plane where the block and the workpiece contact surface are located and directly below the axis, preferably on the mounting base surface of the support rollers; the X-axis is established on the mounting base surface of the first pair of support rollers 2 and the mounting base surface of the second pair of support rollers 3, directly below the axis of the workpiece, and pointing to the right; the Z-axis is established on the right end face of the block 7, starting from the origin of the system coordinate system, vertically passing through the central axis of the workpiece 1, and pointing upwards; the Y-axis is established starting from the origin of the coordinate system, perpendicular to the paper and pointing inwards, pointing inwards into the paper.

[0082] The cylindrical workpiece is placed horizontally on the first pair of support rollers 2 and the second pair of support rollers 3 on the inspection platform. A second probe 8, a first probe 9, and a barcode scanner 6 are set above the inspection platform. The second probe 8, the first probe 9, and the barcode scanner 6 are all fixed on the sensor fixing block 10. The fixing block 10 is driven freely and precisely in space by the three coordinate axes in the measurement system, thereby carrying the sensor to measure the cylindrical workpiece.

[0083] The length measuring sensor (i.e., the second probe 8) can move up and down on the sensor fixing block 10, powered by either a cylinder or a servo motor. When measuring a workpiece, the length measuring sensor descends to a height lower than the circular displacement sensor (i.e., the first probe 9) to measure the length of the circular shaft workpiece. At this time, the circular displacement sensor is not in operation.

[0084] After raising the length measuring sensor to a set height higher than that of the circular displacement measuring sensor, the circular displacement measuring sensor can then measure the circular shaft workpiece. The detection centers of both the length measuring sensor and the circular displacement measuring sensor are vertically positioned directly above the axis of the circular shaft workpiece. The length measuring sensor and the circular displacement measuring sensor move along a line parallel to the X-axis, continuously or intermittently measuring to detect the length and diameter of different diameter segments of the circular shaft workpiece. Simultaneously, software algorithms detect the dimensional accuracy of the circular shaft workpiece, including its diameter, roundness, circular runout, cylindricity, and coaxiality.

[0085] When using the measurement method and apparatus of the present invention to measure the shape and dimensional accuracy of a round shaft workpiece, such as diameter, roundness, circular runout, cylindricity, and coaxiality, the drive wheels on the first pair of support rollers 2 or the second pair of support rollers 3 need to rotate individually or simultaneously in the same direction of rotation, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate for coordinated measurement.

[0086] The barcode scanner 6 is mainly used to collect the coding information of the round shaft workpiece before measurement, so that the measurement results of the round shaft workpiece are bound together with the workpiece number in a one-to-one correspondence. The results obtained by the length measuring sensor, the circular displacement measuring sensor, and the barcode scanner 6 are collected by the data acquisition card in the computer, processed by intelligent software, and the measurement results are output, displayed, and stored in the computer system. The three-coordinate motion of the length measuring sensor, the circular displacement measuring sensor, and the barcode scanner 6 in the measurement system coordinate system, as well as the up-and-down motion of the length measuring sensor, are driven and controlled by the control card in the control system, and their motion trajectory is intelligently controlled by the intelligent control software in the control system. Thus, the method and apparatus for determining the entire measurement system for the shape and size accuracy of the round shaft workpiece of the present invention are described.

[0087] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0088] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of detecting the dimensional accuracy of the shape of a round shaft workpiece, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Place the round shaft workpiece horizontally on two pairs of rollers of the detection platform; Establish a space coordinate system with the axis line of the round shaft workpiece as the X coordinate axis or a line parallel thereto; Set a sensor above the detection platform, and the detection center of the sensor is vertically opposite to the axis line of the round shaft workpiece; Make the sensor run along the X coordinate axis or a line parallel thereto, and continuously or intermittently measure to realize length and diameter detection of different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece, and realize shape and size precision detection of the round shaft workpiece.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein The space coordinate system is established according to the right-hand rule: taking the axis center of the end face of the round shaft workpiece as the origin or taking a point on the line connecting the axis center of the end face of the round shaft workpiece and the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers as the origin, taking the axis line of the round shaft workpiece or a line parallel thereto as the X coordinate axis, taking a line parallel to the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers and passing through the origin as the Y coordinate axis, and taking the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two pairs of rollers and passing through the origin as the Z coordinate axis.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a diameter of the circular shaft workpiece; and determining a diameter of the circular shaft workpiece after the circular shaft workpiece is machined. The sensor comprises a first probe for measuring the diameter of the round shaft workpiece and a second probe for measuring the length of the round shaft workpiece; Make the first probe move above different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece with the detection center vertically opposite to the axis line of the diameter sections, control the rollers to rotate to drive the round shaft workpiece to rotate by a preset angle, and measure the diameters of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece; Make the second probe move along the X coordinate axis or a line parallel thereto, measure the X axis coordinate values of the end faces of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece, and calculate the lengths of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a diameter of the circular shaft workpiece; and determining a diameter of the circular shaft workpiece after the circular shaft workpiece is machined. According to the diameters of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece, obtain the round runout value, roundness value, cylindricalness value and coaxiality value of each section; Compare the round runout value, roundness value, cylindricalness value, coaxiality value, diameter data and length data of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece with the parameters of the round shaft workpiece required by the drawing, and output the detection result of the shape and size precision of the round shaft workpiece.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises: determining the shape of the circular shaft workpiece by using the first and second images. The first probe collects the Z coordinate values of the outer diameters of the diameter sections with the highest precision in the two end regions of the round shaft workpiece, establishes the axis reference of the round shaft workpiece, and the detection center of the sensor is vertically opposite to the reference axis of the round shaft workpiece during detection.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of measuring the shape of the round shaft workpiece is performed by a coordinate measuring machine. The method for measuring the diameters of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece is as follows: S1: the first probe measures the Z coordinate value of the outer diameter top of the part of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece facing the first probe, and calculates the radius value of the round shaft workpiece at this position; S2: control the rollers to rotate to drive the round shaft workpiece to rotate by 180 degrees, measure the Z coordinate value of the outer diameter top of the other side of the corresponding section of the round shaft workpiece, calculate the radius value of the other side of the corresponding section of the round shaft workpiece, and add the two radius values to obtain the diameter of the round shaft workpiece; S3: the rollers rotate to drive the round shaft workpiece to rotate by 90 degrees, repeat S1-S2, obtain the diameters in the orthogonal directions of the round shaft workpiece, and determine the roundness data and elliptical condition of the round shaft workpiece.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a diameter of the circular shaft workpiece; and determining a diameter of the circular shaft workpiece after the circular shaft workpiece is machined. The method for calculating the lengths of the different diameter sections of the round shaft workpiece is as follows: Length of the largest diameter section of the round shaft workpiece = X 左 - X 右 - 2λ, X 左 and X 右 X indicates the movement to the end surface of the largest diameter section of the round shaft workpiece, and λ is the compression displacement from the contact to the stop when the second probe detects the end surface of the round shaft workpiece. Length of other segments of the circular shaft workpiece = |X i -X i-1 |, i.e. the absolute value obtained by subtracting the adjacent detection values twice at the beginning and end of the segment.

8. A device for detecting the shape and dimensional accuracy of a round shaft workpiece, characterized in that, The detection platform comprises a base, a first support and a second support arranged on the base, and the round shaft workpiece is placed on the first support and the second support; The first support roller and the second support roller are arranged coaxially on the first support, and the third support roller and the fourth support roller are arranged coaxially on the second support. The sensor is located above the detection platform, the input end of the control system is connected with the output end of the sensor, the control system executes the method of any one of claims 1-7 to control the sensor to operate, and the length and diameter of different diameter sections of the circular shaft workpiece are detected to detect the shape size precision of the circular shaft workpiece.

9. The shape and dimension accuracy measuring apparatus for a round shaft workpiece according to Claim 8, wherein The sensor comprises a first probe and a second probe, the first probe and the second probe are connected with driving mechanisms for controlling the movement of the first probe and the second probe in three coordinate directions defined by the system, and the collection ends of the first probe and the second probe are vertically directed towards the axial line of the circular shaft workpiece on the detection platform.

10. The shape and dimension accuracy measuring apparatus for a round shaft workpiece according to Claim 8, wherein The first support or the second support is provided with a height adjusting mechanism between the first support or the second support and the base, if the diameters of the highest precision diameter sections in the two end regions of the circular shaft workpiece are not equal, then the end with smaller diameter is placed on the corresponding support with adjustable height.

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