Method, apparatus and energy storage system for starting an energy storage system

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, and energy storage system for starting up an energy storage system, which can reduce the start-up time of a first energy storage system and the amount of gas stored in the first energy storage system consumed. The energy storage system includes a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system, which are electrically connected. The method includes: detecting the power input to the first energy storage system; and, in the event of an abnormal power input, controlling the second energy storage system to drive a compression device and a heat exchange device in the first energy storage system to start up the first energy storage system; wherein a first time period and a second time period at least partially overlap, the first time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and energy storage system for starting up an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion and application of new energy sources, energy storage technology has also developed accordingly. Current thermal storage-compressed-air energy storage (TS-CAES) systems typically rely on an external power grid or independent generator for power during the startup phase to achieve system self-checking and voltage boosting. However, when external power is unavailable or the power grid is completely shut down (such as in islanded operation or disaster recovery scenarios), TS-CAES systems cannot achieve rapid autonomous startup, severely limiting their independent operation and emergency power supply capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method, apparatus, and energy storage system for starting up an energy storage system, which can reduce the start-up time of the first energy storage system and the amount of gas stored in the first energy storage system consumed.

[0004] In a first aspect, a method for starting an energy storage system is provided, the energy storage system including a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system, the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system being electrically connected, the method including: detecting power input to the first energy storage system; and, in the event of an abnormality detected in the power input, controlling the second energy storage system to drive a compression device and a heat exchange device in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system; wherein a first time period and a second time period at least partially overlap, the first time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device.

[0005] In this embodiment of the application, when the power input of the first energy storage system is abnormal, the second energy storage system is controlled to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system. That is, in the process of starting the first energy storage system, in addition to the heat exchange device, the compression device is also controlled to start the first energy storage system. In this way, not only can the start-up time of the first energy storage system be reduced, but the amount of gas stored in the first energy storage system consumed during the start-up process can also be reduced.

[0006] Furthermore, the time periods for driving the compression device and driving the heat exchange device in the second energy storage system are set to overlap at least partially. That is, during the startup process of the first energy storage system, there is at least a period of time during which the compression device and the heat exchange device operate in parallel. This can further reduce the startup time of the first energy storage system, thereby achieving the goal of rapid startup of the first energy storage system.

[0007] In some possible implementations, controlling the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system includes: controlling the second energy storage system to supply power to the compression device to start the compression device; and simultaneously controlling the second energy storage system to supply power to the heat exchange device to put the heat exchange device into a heating state.

[0008] In this technical solution, the second energy storage system supplies power to the compression device and the heat exchange device at the same time, so that the compression device and the heat exchange device can be started simultaneously, thereby further reducing the start-up time of the first energy storage system and improving the start-up efficiency.

[0009] In some possible implementations, controlling the second energy storage system to supply power to the heat exchange device includes: controlling the second energy storage system to continuously supply power to the heat exchange device throughout the entire startup process of the first energy storage system, so as to continuously heat the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange device.

[0010] In this technical solution, the second energy storage system continuously supplies power to the heat exchange device throughout the entire process of the first energy storage system. This allows for continuous heating of the heat exchange medium, maintaining a consistently large temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the input gas. This further enhances the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchange device during the heat exchange process, improves heat exchange efficiency, and further reduces the start-up time of the first energy storage system.

[0011] In some possible implementations, controlling the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system includes: when the compression device is started, controlling the compression device to compress the input first gas so that the compression device outputs high-temperature and high-pressure gas; driving the expansion working device in the first energy storage system through the high-temperature and high-pressure gas so that the rotation speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed.

[0012] During the startup process of the first energy storage system, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas obtained by the compression device drives the expansion working device so that the speed of the expansion working device reaches the startup speed. Compared with the traditional solution, which first releases the gas in the gas storage device, then heats it into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the heat exchange medium, and then lets the high-temperature and high-pressure gas drive the expansion working device to start power generation, the embodiment of this application significantly reduces the time required for the expansion working device to reach the startup speed, thereby reducing the startup time of the first energy storage system and improving the startup efficiency.

[0013] In some possible implementations, controlling the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system includes: releasing the second gas stored in the gas storage device when the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed; controlling the heat exchange device to exchange heat with the second gas; and driving the expansion working device together with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas output by the compression device when the heat exchange of the second gas is completed.

[0014] In this technical solution, after the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, the gas stored in the gas storage device and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas output by the compression device jointly drive the expansion working device. In this way, the starting efficiency of the first energy storage system can be effectively improved, so that the first energy storage system can be started in a shorter time.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: gradually reducing the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device when the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed.

[0016] This technical solution, when the speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, gradually reduces the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device, which can achieve a smooth transition of system energy from being driven by the second energy storage system to being self-driven by the first energy storage system.

[0017] In some possible implementations, controlling the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system includes: controlling the second energy storage system to output two AC currents through a power conversion device, wherein one of the two AC currents is used to drive the compression device and the other AC current is used to drive the heat exchange device.

[0018] The second energy storage system outputs two AC currents through a power conversion device. These two AC currents are used to drive the compression device and the heat exchange device, respectively. This means that the compression device and the heat exchange device are driven independently, so that the compression device and the heat exchange device do not affect each other, which can effectively improve the reliability and safety of the first energy storage system during startup.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the second energy storage system drives the compression device and the heat exchange device through the first branch, and the method further includes disconnecting the first branch when the first energy storage system is started.

[0020] After the first energy storage system is started, the branch that drives the first energy storage system from the second energy storage system is disconnected. This reduces the possibility that the second energy storage system will still output energy to start the first energy storage system after the first energy storage system is started, thus reducing the probability of energy waste in the first energy storage system.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: detecting the fluctuation frequency of the load; if the fluctuation frequency is greater than or equal to a frequency threshold, closing a second branch and controlling the second energy storage system to output energy to the load through the second branch; if the fluctuation frequency is less than the frequency threshold, closing a third branch and controlling the first energy storage system to output energy to the load through the third branch.

[0022] This technical solution addresses the issue that the second energy storage system typically has a faster response and is better suited for high-frequency loads. Therefore, when the load's fluctuation frequency is greater than or equal to a frequency threshold, controlling the second energy storage system to output energy to the load is suitable for the current load conditions, thus providing better power supply to the load. Conversely, since the first energy storage system's output is typically more gradual and suitable for low-frequency loads, controlling the first energy storage system to output energy to the load when the load's fluctuation frequency is less than a frequency threshold is suitable for the current load conditions, thus providing better power supply to the load.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: closing a fourth branch between the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system when the energy output by the first energy storage system is greater than or equal to a first energy threshold, and controlling the first energy storage system to charge the second energy storage system; and closing a fifth branch between the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system when the energy output by the second energy storage system is greater than or equal to a second energy threshold, and controlling the second energy storage system to charge the first energy storage system.

[0024] If the energy output of the first energy storage system is greater than or equal to the first energy threshold, it indicates that the output of the first energy storage system is relatively abundant. At this time, the first energy storage system is controlled to charge the second energy storage system, that is, to extend the long-term energy. Alternatively, if the energy output of the second energy storage system is greater than or equal to the second energy threshold, it indicates that the output of the second energy storage system is relatively abundant. At this time, the second energy storage system is controlled to charge the first energy storage system, that is, to extend the short-term energy. This exchange of long-term and short-term energy can cover the long-term and short-term power demand when the energy storage system supplies power.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the first energy storage system includes a thermal compressed air energy storage system, and the second energy storage system includes a battery energy storage system.

[0026] Because BESS has advantages such as fast response, controllable output, and modular design, starting the first energy storage system through BESS can quickly provide the required energy to the first energy storage system when external power is unavailable, thereby realizing the rapid start-up and power supply of the first energy storage system in the case of "zero external power".

[0027] Secondly, an apparatus for starting an energy storage system is provided, the energy storage system including a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system electrically connected to each other, comprising: a detection unit for detecting the power input of the first energy storage system; and a control unit for controlling the second energy storage system to drive a compression device and a heat exchange device in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system when an abnormality in the power input is detected; wherein a first time period and a second time period at least partially overlap, the first time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device.

[0028] In some possible implementations, the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system are electrically connected via a power conversion device, which includes two interfaces, one of which is connected to the compression device and the other of which is connected to the heat exchange device.

[0029] In some possible implementations, a first on / off device is provided between the power conversion device and the compression device, and a second on / off device is provided between the power conversion device and the heat exchange device.

[0030] Specifically, when the control unit controls the second energy storage system to drive the compression device, the first on / off device is in a closed state; when the control unit controls the second energy storage system to drive the heat exchange device, the second on / off device is in a closed state.

[0031] Thirdly, an apparatus for starting an energy storage system is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call the computer program to execute the methods in the first aspect or its various implementations described above.

[0032] Fourthly, an energy storage system is provided, comprising: a first energy storage system including a compression device and a heat exchange device; and a second energy storage system electrically connected to the first energy storage system, used to drive the compression device and the heat exchange device in the event of an abnormal power input to the first energy storage system, thereby activating the first energy storage system; wherein a first time period and a second time period at least partially overlap, the first time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period being the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device.

[0033] Fifthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program that causes a computer to perform the methods described in the first aspect or its various implementations.

[0034] In a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods described in the first aspect or its various implementations. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating the startup of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic flowchart illustrating the startup of another energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a bus topology for a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of energy flow during the startup process of a first energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0040] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the power curves of the first and second energy storage systems during the startup process of a first energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 7 A schematic flowchart illustrating the startup of another energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0042] Figure 8 A schematic flowchart illustrating the startup of another energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0043] Figure 9 A detailed flowchart illustrating the startup of a first energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0044] Figure 10 A schematic block diagram of an apparatus for starting a first energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0045] Figure 11 A schematic block diagram of a device for starting a second energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0046] Figure 12 A schematic block diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order or hierarchy.

[0049] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of this application. It should also be noted in the description of this application that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0051] In this application, "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0052] With the widespread application of new energy sources such as solar and wind power, energy storage technology has developed accordingly. An energy storage system is a device or system capable of storing energy and releasing it when needed. In the field of new energy, energy storage systems typically refer to devices that can store electrical energy and release it during peak electricity demand periods. Energy storage systems play multiple roles in the power system, including load balancing, frequency regulation, backup power, peak-valley pricing management, and improving grid stability. With the rapid development of renewable energy, the importance of energy storage systems is increasing daily.

[0053] Compressed air energy storage (CAS) is considered one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies due to its advantages such as large capacity, long lifespan, and relatively low cost. Traditional CAS systems require the combustion of fuels such as natural gas to heat the air during energy release, resulting in reliance on fossil fuels, carbon emissions, and low system cycle efficiency. To address these issues, TS-CAES (Treatment-Based Air Storage Systems) were developed. It stores the heat of compression during the compression phase and utilizes this heat to heat the air during the expansion phase, thus eliminating dependence on fuels.

[0054] The TS-CAES system comprises an energy storage process (i.e., a charging process) and an energy release process (i.e., a discharging process). The energy storage process of the TS-CAES system is as follows: First, an electric motor drives a compressor unit to compress air, producing high-temperature, high-pressure air. Then, the high-temperature, high-pressure air flows through a heat exchange system, where the heat is transferred to a heat exchange medium (such as molten salt, ceramic, or phase change material) and stored, cooling the air to near ambient temperature. Next, the cooled high-pressure air is transported to a storage device (such as an underground salt cavern or gas tank) for storage. The energy release process of the TS-CAES system is as follows: First, high-pressure air is released from the storage device. Then, the high-pressure air flows through a heat exchange system, absorbing the heat stored in the heat exchange medium and becoming high-temperature, high-pressure air. Next, the high-temperature, high-pressure air enters an expander to perform work, driving a generator to produce electricity. Finally, the electrical energy is output to the power grid.

[0055] During the startup phase, TS-CAES systems typically rely on an external power grid or independent generator for power to enable system self-testing and voltage boosting. However, when external power is unavailable or the power grid is completely shut down (such as in islanded operation or post-disaster recovery scenarios), TS-CAES systems cannot achieve rapid autonomous startup, severely limiting their independent operation and emergency power supply capabilities.

[0056] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a method for starting an energy storage system, the energy storage system including a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system, electrically connected to each other. The method may include: detecting the power input of the first energy storage system; and, upon detecting an abnormal power input, controlling the second energy storage system to drive a compressor and a heat exchanger in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system. The first time period and the second time period at least partially overlap, the first time period being the period during which the second energy storage system drives the compressor, and the second time period being the period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchanger. This method, when the power input of the first energy storage system is abnormal, controls the second energy storage system to drive the compressor and heat exchanger in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system. That is, during the startup process of the first energy storage system, in addition to controlling the heat exchanger, the compressor is also controlled to start the first energy storage system. This not only reduces the startup time of the first energy storage system but also reduces the amount of gas stored in the first energy storage system consumed during startup. Furthermore, the time periods for driving the compression device and driving the heat exchange device in the second energy storage system are set to overlap at least partially. That is, during the startup process of the first energy storage system, there is at least a period of time during which the compression device and the heat exchange device operate in parallel. This can further reduce the startup time of the first energy storage system, thereby achieving the goal of rapid startup of the first energy storage system.

[0057] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to energy storage systems, which may include two types of energy storage systems, one of which may be the TS-CAES system described above. The TS-CAES system can store electrical energy as needed and output it at appropriate times. For example, the TS-CAES system can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours.

[0058] Figure 1A schematic flowchart illustrating a method 100 for starting an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Optionally, method 100 may be executed by an energy management system (EMS), or by a control system in a second energy storage system, such as a self-starting control system. Method 100 may include at least some of the following.

[0059] S110: Detects the power input of the first energy storage system.

[0060] S120: In the event of an abnormal power input, control the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system.

[0061] The first time period and the second time period overlap at least partially. The first time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device.

[0062] In this embodiment of the application, when the power input of the first energy storage system is abnormal, the second energy storage system is controlled to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system. That is, in the process of starting the first energy storage system, in addition to the heat exchange device, the compression device is also controlled to start the first energy storage system. In this way, not only can the start-up time of the first energy storage system be reduced, but the amount of gas stored in the first energy storage system consumed during the start-up process can also be reduced.

[0063] Furthermore, the time periods for driving the compression device and driving the heat exchange device in the second energy storage system are set to overlap at least partially. That is, during the startup process of the first energy storage system, there is at least a period of time during which the compression device and the heat exchange device operate in parallel. This can further reduce the startup time of the first energy storage system, thereby achieving the goal of rapid startup of the first energy storage system.

[0064] The first energy storage system can be the TS-CAES system mentioned above, and the second energy storage system can be a battery energy storage system (BESS). The BESS consists of a battery device, a controller, an EMS, a power converter system (PCS), and auxiliary equipment.

[0065] The battery unit and controller are located within the energy storage system. The battery unit serves as the energy storage medium, responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy. The controller monitors and manages the battery unit's status, including charge / discharge status, voltage, temperature, and current, to ensure safe operation and prevent over-discharge, overheating, and short circuits, thereby extending battery life. The Energy Management System (EMS) is the control center of the energy storage system, responsible for monitoring the overall system's operation and optimizing energy storage and release strategies to meet grid demands or user-defined goals. The Power Control System (PCS) primarily controls the conversion and flow of electrical energy within the energy storage system, converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) to meet grid or load requirements. Simultaneously, the PCS can also convert AC to DC to charge the battery units within the energy storage system.

[0066] Energy storage devices include one or more battery clusters to increase the voltage and capacity of the energy storage device. A battery cluster may include multiple battery units connected in series via a busbar to increase the voltage of the energy storage device. When an energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters, the clusters are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device.

[0067] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may be an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet. The energy storage device may include a cabinet and one or more battery clusters housed within the cabinet.

[0068] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include modules such as a thermal management module, a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0069] The thermal management module may include a liquid cooling unit, which supplies coolant to each battery device through pipelines to regulate the temperature of the individual battery cells.

[0070] The main control module serves as the battery management unit for the battery cluster, used for monitoring and managing the cluster. It can monitor information such as current, voltage, power, and temperature. For example, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery cluster. The main control module includes slave battery management units (SBMUs), integrated switches, and other modules.

[0071] The master control module serves as the battery management unit for an energy storage device, used for monitoring and managing the device. It can monitor information such as current, voltage, power, state of charge, and temperature. For example, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device. As an example, the master control module may include modules such as an insulation monitoring module (IMM), a master battery management unit (MBMU), an Ethernet (etherNet, ETH) module, and a fiber optic conversion module.

[0072] The fire protection module includes a control panel, detectors, alarm devices, etc., and is used to detect, alarm, or extinguish fires in the energy storage system.

[0073] The power distribution module can be used to distribute power to the power consumption modules of the energy storage device.

[0074] Because BESS has advantages such as fast response, controllable output, and modular design, starting the first energy storage system through BESS can quickly provide the required energy to the first energy storage system when external power is unavailable, thereby realizing the rapid start-up and power supply of the first energy storage system in the case of "zero external power".

[0075] In some embodiments, the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system can be electrically connected via a power conversion device. Exemplarily, the power conversion device may include, but is not limited to, a PCS, an alternating current / direct current (DC / AC) converter, etc.

[0076] Since the second energy storage system can drive the compressor and heat exchanger in the first energy storage system, it can output two AC currents through a power conversion device. One of these AC currents drives the compressor, and the other drives the heat exchanger. This independent driving of the compressor and heat exchanger ensures that they do not interfere with each other, effectively improving the reliability and safety of the first energy storage system's startup.

[0077] When the power conversion device includes a DC / AC converter, there can be two DC / AC converters. The second energy storage system outputs an AC current through one of the DC / AC converters to drive the compressor, and outputs an independent AC current through the other DC / AC converter to drive the heat exchanger.

[0078] Alternatively, the second energy storage system can output only one AC current, which is shared by the compressor and the heat exchanger.

[0079] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the first and second energy storage systems are shown. In these diagrams, C represents the compression unit, HE represents the heat exchange unit, EM represents the expansion unit, and G represents the generator. Figure 2 It can be seen that the first and second energy storage systems are connected together via a PCS. Furthermore, from... Figure 2 It can also be seen that the first energy storage system includes a compression device, a heat exchange device, a gas storage device, an expansion and power-generating device, a generator, etc.

[0080] A compression device can compress gas into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas, which can then enter the inlet of an expansion working device via a high-pressure pipeline. For example, the compression device may include a compressor, such as a reciprocating compressor, centrifugal compressor, or axial compressor. In the first energy storage system, there may be one compression device. Alternatively, considering that a single compression device may not be able to compress the air to the target pressure and temperature, therefore, as... Figure 2 As shown, an energy storage system may include a multi-stage compression unit. Thus, through the multi-stage compression unit, the pressure and temperature of the output air can reach the target temperature and pressure. The different compression units in the multi-stage compression unit can be connected in series. When the compression unit is a multi-stage compression unit, the different compression units can be of the same type or different types. For example, there can be two compression units, one of which can be a centrifugal compressor and the other can be an axial compressor.

[0081] The gas storage device may include a gas storage tank, inlet / outlet pipelines, valve control system, etc., for storing low-temperature, high-pressure air, thereby providing a continuous gas source for the expansion power generation device during the power generation phase. Optionally, the gas storage device may include underground salt caverns, gas storage tanks, etc.

[0082] The heat exchange device may include a high-temperature side heat exchanger, a low-temperature side heat exchanger, heating tubes, a temperature control device, and heat exchange gas passages. During the startup phase of the first energy storage system, the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange device can be heated under the drive of the second energy storage system to ensure that the air temperature entering the expansion working device meets the rapid start-up conditions and to provide heat exchange for the subsequent self-powered power generation mode of the first energy storage system. Optionally, the heat exchange medium may include, but is not limited to, water, molten salt, rock, ceramics, and heat transfer oil.

[0083] The expansion-power-generating device can be directly driven by high-temperature, high-pressure gas during startup, achieving mechanical self-drive and driving a generator to produce electricity. The expansion-power-generating device described in this application can include, but is not limited to, any device capable of utilizing compressed gas expansion to output mechanical work, such as a turbine expander, piston expander, or screw expander.

[0084] The power input to the first energy storage system can come from various energy sources, such as grid power, renewable energy generation, hybrid sources, and other sources (such as independent generators). Power input anomalies can include situations where the energy sources mentioned above fail or there is no spare power to supply the first energy storage system.

[0085] For example, the embodiments of this application can be applied to scenarios such as long-term operation recovery of grid islands, emergency black start of large-scale energy storage power stations, energy recovery in the event of extreme disasters or power outages, and rapid restart of independent microgrids at the industrial park level.

[0086] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, S120 may specifically include: S121, in the event of an abnormal power input, controlling the second energy storage system to supply power to the compression device so that the compression device can start; S122, while the second energy storage system supplies power to the compression device, controlling the second energy storage system to supply power to the heat exchange device so that the heat exchange device is in a heating state.

[0087] In this technical solution, the second energy storage system supplies power to the compression device and the heat exchange device at the same time, so that the compression device and the heat exchange device can be started simultaneously, thereby further reducing the start-up time of the first energy storage system and improving the start-up efficiency.

[0088] While the second energy storage system supplies power to the compression device, it also controls the second energy storage system to supply power to the heat exchange device. This can be done by the second energy storage system starting to supply power to both the compression device and the heat exchange device at the same time, or by the second energy storage system first supplying power to the compression device, and then supplying power to both the compression device and the heat exchange device simultaneously after a certain period of time.

[0089] The second energy storage system supplies power to the compressor, allowing the compressor to gradually increase its speed to the rated speed, thus enabling the compressor to compress the input gas.

[0090] The second energy storage system supplies power to the heat exchange device, putting it in a heated state. This can be understood as the second energy storage system heating the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange device, thereby increasing the temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the input gas.

[0091] Optionally, the second energy storage system can be controlled to stop supplying power to the heat exchange device after a period of time.

[0092] Optionally, during the entire startup process of the first energy storage system, the second energy storage system can be controlled to continuously supply power to the heat exchange device to continuously heat the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange device.

[0093] In this technical solution, the second energy storage system continuously supplies power to the heat exchange device throughout the entire process of the first energy storage system. This allows for continuous heating of the heat exchange medium, maintaining a consistently large temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the input gas. This further enhances the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchange device during the heat exchange process, improves heat exchange efficiency, and further reduces the start-up time of the first energy storage system.

[0094] During the continuous power supply of the second energy storage system to the heat exchange device, the output power of the second energy storage system to the heat exchange device can remain constant or change. For example, the output power to the heat exchange device can be gradually reduced, but it will not drop to zero.

[0095] In some embodiments, driving the compression device by the second energy storage system may include: when the compression device is started, controlling the compression device to compress the input first gas so that the compression device outputs high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and then driving the expansion working device in the first energy storage system through the high-temperature and high-pressure gas so that the rotation speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed.

[0096] During the startup process of the first energy storage system, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas obtained by the compression device drives the expansion working device so that the speed of the expansion working device reaches the startup speed. Compared with the traditional solution, which first releases the gas in the gas storage device, then heats it into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the heat exchange medium, and then lets the high-temperature and high-pressure gas drive the expansion working device to start power generation, the embodiment of this application significantly reduces the time required for the expansion working device to reach the startup speed, thereby reducing the startup time of the first energy storage system and improving the startup efficiency.

[0097] Optionally, the starting speed of the expansion working device can be within the range of 5%-20% of the rated speed, such as 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18% of the rated speed. For example, if the rated speed of the expansion working device is 6000 rpm, then the starting speed can be 600 rpm.

[0098] It should be noted that before the high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the expansion and power-generating device, the air passage between the compression device and the expansion and power-generating device needs to be opened, for example, by opening the air inlet valve of the expansion and power-generating device.

[0099] During the gas compression process, the pressure and temperature of the high-temperature, high-pressure gas obtained by the compression device can also be detected to ensure they meet the standards. If the pressure and temperature of the high-temperature, high-pressure gas meet the standards, the expander can be directly started using the high-temperature, high-pressure gas. If the pressure and / or temperature of the high-temperature, high-pressure gas do not meet the standards, the compression device is controlled to continue compressing the high-temperature, high-pressure gas until both pressure and temperature meet the standards.

[0100] Furthermore, when the speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, the second gas stored in the gas storage device can be released, and then the heat exchange device can be controlled to exchange heat with the second gas. After the heat exchange of the second gas is completed, the expansion working device is driven by the second gas and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas output by the compression device.

[0101] In this technical solution, after the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, the gas stored in the gas storage device and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas output by the compression device jointly drive the expansion working device. In this way, the starting efficiency of the first energy storage system can be effectively improved, so that the first energy storage system can be started in a shorter time.

[0102] When the expansion working device reaches its starting speed, the gas passage between the gas storage device and the heat exchange device can be opened. This allows the second gas released from the gas storage device to enter the heat exchange device, enabling heat exchange between the second gas and the heat exchange device. After the second gas reaches its target temperature, the gas passage between the expansion working device and the heat exchange device can be opened again, allowing the high-temperature, high-pressure gas compressed by the compression device to power the expansion working device, while the second gas can also power the expansion working device.

[0103] Of course, in this embodiment of the application, before the speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, the second gas stored in the gas storage device can be released, and the heat exchange device can be controlled to exchange heat with the second gas. The expansion working device can be driven by the second gas and the high temperature and high pressure gas output by the compression device together, so that the expansion working device reaches the starting speed. After that, the expansion working device can be driven together to reach the rated speed.

[0104] Furthermore, in some embodiments, method 100 may further include: gradually reducing the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device when the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed.

[0105] This technical solution, when the speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, gradually reduces the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device, which can achieve a smooth transition of system energy from being driven by the second energy storage system to being self-driven by the first energy storage system.

[0106] Optionally, the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device can be gradually reduced starting the moment the expansion working device reaches its starting speed; alternatively, the output power can be gradually reduced starting some time after the expansion working device reaches its starting speed. It should be noted that the specific timing of reducing the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device can be determined based on the actual operating conditions.

[0107] During the process of gradually reducing the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device, the specific amount of output power reduction can be determined based on the specific circumstances.

[0108] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device can be reduced to zero, at which point the expansion work device can be driven solely by the second gas.

[0109] The second energy storage system can drive the compression device and the heat exchange device through the first branch. Furthermore, method 100 may also include: disconnecting the first branch when the first energy storage system is started.

[0110] After the first energy storage system is started, the branch that drives the first energy storage system from the second energy storage system is disconnected. This reduces the possibility that the second energy storage system will still output energy to start the first energy storage system after the first energy storage system is started, thus reducing the probability of energy waste in the first energy storage system.

[0111] like Figure 4 As shown, the first branch may include the branch containing relays K1, K2 and K3. After the first energy storage system is started, relays K1, K2 and K3 can be disconnected.

[0112] In addition, the output voltage and grid parameters of the first energy storage system can be detected to complete the shock-free grid connection. After that, the first energy storage system enters steady-state operation and continuously supplies power to the external grid. At this point, the startup process of the first energy storage system is complete.

[0113] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of energy flow during the startup process of the first energy storage system is shown. Here, E represents electrical energy, and A represents the internal energy of the air. Figure 6 The diagram shows the power curves of the first and second energy storage systems during the startup process. The first stage is from the detection of unavailable power supply until the expansion working device reaches its startup speed; the second stage is from the expansion working device reaching its startup speed until it reaches its rated speed; and the third stage is from the expansion working device reaching its rated speed until the first energy storage system continuously generates power to the external grid.

[0114] Compared to the startup time of the first energy storage system in conventional technologies, the startup time of the first energy storage system in this embodiment can be significantly reduced.

[0115] Furthermore, method 100 may also include: detecting the load condition and determining whether to enable the bidirectional energy interaction mechanism based on the detected load condition.

[0116] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, method 100 may further include: S130, detecting the fluctuation frequency of the load; S140, when the fluctuation frequency is greater than or equal to a frequency threshold, closing the second branch and controlling the second energy storage system to output energy to the load through the second branch; S150, when the fluctuation frequency is less than or equal to a frequency threshold, closing the third branch and controlling the first energy storage system to output energy to the load through the third branch.

[0117] This technical solution addresses the issue that the second energy storage system typically has a faster response and is better suited for high-frequency loads. Therefore, when the load's fluctuation frequency is greater than or equal to a frequency threshold, controlling the second energy storage system to output energy to the load is suitable for the current load conditions, thus providing better power supply to the load. Conversely, since the first energy storage system's output is typically more gradual and suitable for low-frequency loads, controlling the first energy storage system to output energy to the load when the load's fluctuation frequency is less than a frequency threshold is suitable for the current load conditions, thus providing better power supply to the load.

[0118] For example, at highway fast charging stations and bus charging hubs, the concentrated charging of vehicles may cause the load fluctuation frequency to exceed the frequency threshold. When switching loads on remote islands, mining bases, and field work stations, the load fluctuation frequency may exceed the frequency threshold. In scenarios such as continuous production in basic industries and daily electricity consumption in residential areas, the load fluctuation frequency may be less than the frequency threshold.

[0119] Continue to refer to Figure 4 The second branch includes the branch containing relay K6. When the load fluctuation frequency is greater than or equal to the frequency threshold, relays K1, K2, K3, and K4 can be disconnected, and relay K6 can be closed, thus closing the second branch and enabling the second energy storage system to provide short-term high-frequency output. The third branch includes the branch containing relay K4. When the load fluctuation frequency is less than the frequency threshold, relays K1, K2, K3, and K6 can be disconnected, and relay K4 can be closed, thus closing the third branch and enabling the first energy storage system to provide long-term short-frequency output.

[0120] It should be noted that, under the same scale, when both the first and second energy storage systems are fully charged, the power supply time of the first energy storage system is shorter than that of the second energy storage system. For example, the first energy storage system can provide power for 5 hours, while the second energy storage system can provide power for 8 hours.

[0121] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 As shown, method 100 may further include: S160, when the energy output by the first energy storage system is greater than or equal to the first energy threshold, closing the fourth branch connecting the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system, and controlling the first energy storage system to charge the second energy storage system; S170, when the energy output by the second energy storage system is greater than or equal to the second energy threshold, closing the fifth branch connecting the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system, and controlling the second energy storage system to charge the first energy storage system.

[0122] If the energy output of the first energy storage system is greater than or equal to the first energy threshold, it indicates that the output of the first energy storage system is relatively abundant. At this time, the first energy storage system is controlled to charge the second energy storage system, that is, to extend the long-term energy. Alternatively, if the energy output of the second energy storage system is greater than or equal to the second energy threshold, it indicates that the output of the second energy storage system is relatively abundant. At this time, the second energy storage system is controlled to charge the first energy storage system, that is, to extend the short-term energy. This exchange of long-term and short-term energy can cover the long-term and short-term power demand when the energy storage system supplies power.

[0123] Specifically, when the second energy storage system charges the first energy storage system, the second energy storage system can output electrical energy, which is then converted into air internal energy and stored in the second energy storage system through a compression device. When the first energy storage system charges the second energy storage system, the first energy storage system can release gas and convert the gas internal energy into electrical energy through an expansion device, thereby recharging the electrical energy into the second energy storage system.

[0124] Continue to refer to Figure 4 The fourth branch can include the branch containing relay K5, and the fifth branch can include the branches containing relays K1 and K2. When the first energy storage system has excess output, the excess electrical energy can be used to charge the second energy storage system through relay K5; when the second energy storage system has excess output, the excess electrical energy can be used to charge the first energy storage system through relays K1 and K2.

[0125] Optionally, the first energy threshold may be the same as or different from the second energy threshold. The first energy threshold may be determined based on empirical values ​​or parameters such as the capacity and output capability of the first energy storage system. Similarly, the second energy threshold may also be determined based on empirical values ​​or parameters such as the capacity and output capability of the second energy storage system.

[0126] To more clearly describe the embodiments of this application, the following is combined with... Figure 4 and Figure 9 A specific embodiment of the present application is described. Wherein, in Figure 4 and Figure 9 In this system, the first energy storage system is the TS-CAES system, and the second energy storage system is the BESS system.

[0127] In 901, the bus voltage is detected.

[0128] If a zero-voltage power-off signal is detected, proceed to step 902.

[0129] In the 902, BESS is activated and powered by internal DC power.

[0130] In step 903, the compression unit and heat exchange unit are started.

[0131] Specifically, when relays K1 and K2 are closed, BESS outputs DC power and supplies power to the compressor via PCS, while simultaneously opening the compressor's inlet valve to begin compressing the first gas. At the same time, when relay K3 is closed, BESS simultaneously heats the heat exchange medium in the heat exchanger.

[0132] In 904, the compression device releases high-pressure gas, which drives the expansion device to perform work.

[0133] Specifically, the compression device releases the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas and opens the gas passage between the compression device and the expansion power device, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the expansion power device to reach the starting speed.

[0134] In 905, the gas storage device stores gas to power the expansion device.

[0135] Specifically, the second gas stored in the gas storage device is released, and the gas passage between the gas storage device and the heat exchange device is opened so that the heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the second gas. The gas passage between the expansion and power device and the heat exchange device is also opened so that the second gas can energize the expansion and power device so that the speed of the expansion and power device reaches the rated speed.

[0136] In 906, power generation is synchronized.

[0137] Specifically, closing relay K4 causes the expansion working device to drive the generator to generate electricity, energize, and adjust the frequency to output a voltage with a stable frequency.

[0138] In 907, energy switching.

[0139] Specifically, after the air-driven expansion working device of the gas storage device reaches the rated speed, the power supply to BESS is cut off, and relays K1, K2 and K3 are disconnected.

[0140] In 908, grid connection and takeover are implemented.

[0141] Specifically, after the power supply to BESS is cut off, the TS-CAES is controlled to continue generating electricity after being connected to the grid.

[0142] The following comparison of traditional technologies and embodiments of this application is based on specific data.

[0143] In traditional technology, when the first energy storage system is started up solely by an external power source, the system needs to supply power to an auxiliary power source during the startup phase. This involves releasing gas from the gas storage device, heating it with a heat exchanger, and then allowing the gas to expand and power the generator to start the power generation process. The total startup time of the first energy storage system can meet the following requirements:

[0144] (1)

[0145] in, This represents the total startup time of the first energy storage system. The time required to heat the gas. The time required for the expansion work device to reach its rated speed. as well as The unit for all of them is seconds (s).

[0146] Gas heating time The following formula can be satisfied:

[0147] (2)

[0148] in, The amount of heat required to heat a gas is expressed in joules (J). The effective heat transfer per unit time of a heat exchanger is expressed in watts (W).

[0149] and The following formula can be used for calculation:

[0150] (3)

[0151] (4)

[0152] in, Airflow rate, expressed in kilograms per second (kg / s). Specific heat capacity of air, expressed in joules per kilogram per kelvin (J / kg·K). and These are the outlet and inlet temperatures of the air, respectively, in Kelvin (K). For the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger, This represents the amount of heat transferred per unit time in a heat exchanger, expressed in J / s.

[0153] The amount of heat transferred per unit time by a heat exchanger can be expressed by the following formula:

[0154] (5)

[0155] In the formula, The heat transfer coefficient is expressed in watts per square meter per Kelvin (W / m²). 2·K ), The heat transfer area is expressed in square meters (m²). 2 , The logarithmic mean temperature difference is expressed in Kelvin (K).

[0156] For heat exchangers with high temperature differences in TS-CAES systems, the logarithmic mean temperature difference can be used to represent the temperature difference. Assuming the heat exchanger is a counter-flow type, the logarithmic mean temperature difference is... Calculated by the following formula:

[0157] (6)

[0158] (7)

[0159] (8)

[0160] In the formula, The inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium With air outlet temperature The decision is made in K. From the outlet temperature of the heat exchange medium With air inlet temperature The decision is made in K. Among them, The temperature at which the gas from the gas storage device enters the heat exchange device.

[0161] You can see from the formula It is determined by the temperature of the heat storage medium and the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger.

[0162] The start-up time of the expansion working device can be calculated using the following formula:

[0163] (9)

[0164] (10)

[0165] (11)

[0166] in, The acceleration time of the expansion work device at startup, measured in seconds. The moment of inertia of the expansion work device, expressed in kilograms per square meter (kg / m²). 2 ), Angular velocity at a specified rotational speed, expressed in radians per second (rad / s). The speed under specified operating conditions, in RPM. Net output power of the expansion work device Design parameters for the expansion work device. The input power of the device that does work on expansion is generally equal to the internal energy of the gas, and its unit is W. The efficiency of the device that performs work on expansion.

[0167] Based on the above formula, the startup time can be obtained by relying solely on external power and the gas source of the first energy storage system itself. .

[0168] As mentioned above, in this embodiment, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by the compression device directly powers the expansion and power-generating device, while simultaneously activating the heat exchange device to exchange heat with the second gas in the first energy storage system. Therefore, the activation of the expansion and power-generating device and the heat exchange of the heat exchange device are parallel, and the activation time of the first energy storage system can be:

[0169] (12)

[0170] In other words, the startup time of the first energy storage system depends on the maximum of the two factors. Clearly, the embodiments of this application reduce the time superimposed by linear actions, effectively lowering the startup time of the first energy storage system.

[0171] Furthermore, by heating the heat storage medium, the logarithmic average temperature can be further increased, thereby further enhancing the heat transfer capacity of the entire heat exchanger during the heat exchange process. Specific parameter changes are as follows:

[0172] (13)

[0173] (14)

[0174] (15)

[0175] (16)

[0176] (17)

[0177] Since the heat exchange time of the heat exchange device is usually longer than the start-up time of the expansion work device, the start-up time of the first energy storage system can be equal to the reduced heat exchange time.

[0178] Assuming the first energy storage system has an installed capacity of 100 MW / 800MW, a charging and discharging time of 8 hours, a system efficiency of 0.6, a compression device efficiency of 0.8, an expansion device efficiency of 0.8, an air mass flow rate of 280 kg / s, and an energy density of 360 kJ / kg, the start-up time of the first energy storage system relying on an external power source can be calculated using formula (1).

[0179] Heat transfer efficiency of heat exchanger The value is 0.8, and the temperature range of the heat exchange medium is 743 K-873 K. =1800 watts per Kelvin (W / K), air temperature range 293 K-743 K, specific heat capacity of air The efficiency of the expander unit is 1005 J / kg·K. The value is 0.8, the rated speed is 6000 RPM, and the starting speed is 10% of the rated speed. It is 0.16. =2500kg / m 2 .

[0180] After calculation based on the above parameters, the start-up time of the first energy storage system is 400 s, of which the time for the heat exchange device to preheat the air is 340 s, the start-up time for the expansion power device to increase its speed from 0 RPM to 6000 RPM is 60 s, and the amount of gas required for the start-up of the first energy storage system is 16.8 t.

[0181] In this embodiment of the application, the start-up time of the first energy storage system can be calculated using formula (12).

[0182] During the initial startup of the compression unit to accelerate the expansion unit to its starting speed, the expansion unit's speed increases from 0 RPM to 600 RPM in 0.6 seconds. Next, the gas storage unit releases a second gas. This second gas, after heat exchange, together with the high-temperature, high-pressure gas output from the compression unit, drives the expansion unit. The expansion unit's speed increases from 600 RPM to 6000 RPM in 26.1 seconds, meaning the time required for the expansion unit to reach its rated speed is 26.7 seconds. Simultaneously, the heat exchange unit is started in parallel. Increasing the temperature of the heat exchange medium allows for efficient heat exchange; raising the temperature by 30K reduces the heat exchange time to 314 seconds.

[0183] Since the start-up of the expansion working device and the preheating of the heat exchange device are performed in parallel, in this embodiment, the start-up time of the first energy storage system is 314 seconds, the gas consumption of the first energy storage system is 7.56 tons, and the auxiliary power supply of the second energy storage system is 32 megawatt-hours (MWh), of which 30 MWh is used to heat the heat exchange medium and 2 MWh is used to start the compressor and start the expander. It can be seen that compared with conventional technology, the start-up time of the first energy storage system in this embodiment is reduced by 21%, and the gas consumption required for start-up is reduced by 55%.

[0184] Table 1 shows a comparison of performance indicators between the conventional solution and the embodiment of this application during the startup process of the first energy storage system. In Table 1, "-" indicates that the performance indicators of the embodiment of this application are lower than those of the conventional solution, and "+" indicates that the performance indicators of the embodiment of this application are higher than those of the conventional solution.

[0185] Table 1

[0186]

[0187] It should be noted that the startup time in the specific example above is only an estimate and is for reference only. Since the heating time calculated in this example is based on the condition of sufficient heat exchange, in actual operation, the expansion power device can be started without sufficient heating to achieve the effect of accelerated startup. Therefore, the actual response time of the second energy storage system in assisting the startup of the first energy storage system may be shorter than the time in the example above.

[0188] In the embodiments of this application, the order of the above processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0189] Furthermore, without conflict, the various embodiments and / or technical features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions should also fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0190] The method for starting an energy storage system according to embodiments of this application has been described in detail above. The apparatus for starting an energy storage system according to embodiments of this application will now be described. It should be understood that the apparatus for starting an energy storage system according to embodiments of this application can execute the method for starting an energy storage system according to embodiments of this application.

[0191] Figure 10 A schematic block diagram of a device 1000 for starting a first energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The energy storage system includes a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system, which are electrically connected. Figure 10As shown, the device 1000 for starting the first energy storage system may include:

[0192] The detection unit 1010 is used to detect the power input of the first energy storage system.

[0193] The control unit 1020 is configured to control the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system in the event of an abnormality in the first power input, so as to start the first energy storage system.

[0194] The first time period and the second time period overlap at least partially. The first time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device.

[0195] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the control unit 1020 is specifically used to: control the second energy storage system to supply power to the compression device so that the compression device can start; while the second energy storage system supplies power to the compression device, control the second energy storage system to supply power to the heat exchange device so that the heat exchange device is in a heating state.

[0196] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the control unit 1020 is specifically used to: control the second energy storage system to continuously supply power to the heat exchange device during the entire process of starting the first energy storage system, so as to continuously heat the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange device.

[0197] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the control unit 1020 is specifically used to: when the compression device is started, control the compression device to compress the input first gas so that the compression device outputs high-temperature and high-pressure gas; drive the expansion working device in the first energy storage system through the high-temperature and high-pressure gas so that the rotation speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed.

[0198] Optionally, in this embodiment, the control unit 1020 is specifically used to: release the second gas stored in the gas storage device when the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed; control the heat exchange device to exchange heat with the second gas; and drive the expansion working device together with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas output by the compression device when the heat exchange of the second gas is completed.

[0199] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the control unit 1020 is further configured to: gradually reduce the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device when the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed.

[0200] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system are electrically connected through a power conversion device. The power conversion device includes two interfaces, one of which is connected to the compression device, and the other of which is connected to the heat exchange device.

[0201] Optionally, in this embodiment, the control unit 1020 is specifically used to: control the second energy storage system to output two AC currents through the power conversion device, one of the two AC currents being used to drive the compression device, and the other AC current being used to drive the heat exchange device.

[0202] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, a first on / off device is provided between the power conversion device and the compression device, and a second on / off device is provided between the power conversion device and the heat exchange device; wherein, when the control unit controls the second energy storage system to drive the compression device, the first on / off device is in a closed state, and when the control unit controls the second energy storage system to drive the heat exchange device, the second on / off device is in a closed state.

[0203] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first switching device may include relays K1, K2, etc., and the second switching device may include relay K3, etc.

[0204] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the second energy storage system drives the compression device and the heat exchange device through the first branch, and the control unit 1020 is further configured to: disconnect the first branch when the first energy storage system is started.

[0205] Optionally, in this embodiment, the detection unit 1010 is further configured to: detect the fluctuation frequency of the load; the control unit 1020 is further configured to: close the second branch and control the second energy storage system to output energy to the load through the second branch when the fluctuation frequency is greater than or equal to a frequency threshold; and close the third branch and control the first energy storage system to output energy to the load through the third branch when the fluctuation frequency is less than the frequency threshold.

[0206] Optionally, in this embodiment, the control unit 1020 is further configured to: close the fourth branch connecting the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system when the energy output by the first energy storage system is greater than or equal to a first energy threshold, and control the first energy storage system to charge the second energy storage system; and close the fifth branch connecting the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system when the energy output by the second energy storage system is greater than or equal to a second energy threshold, and control the second energy storage system to charge the first energy storage system.

[0207] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the first energy storage system includes a thermal compressed air energy storage system, and the second energy storage system includes a battery energy storage system.

[0208] It should be understood that the device 1000 for starting the energy storage system can perform the corresponding operations in the method 100 for starting the energy storage system, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0209] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the device 1100 for starting the second energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application. The device 1100 for starting the second energy storage system includes a memory 1110, a processor 1120, a communication interface 1130, and a bus 1140. The memory 1110, the processor 1120, and the communication interface 1130 are interconnected via the bus 1140.

[0210] The memory 1110 may be a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory 1110 may store a program, and when the program stored in the memory 1110 is executed by the processor 1120, the processor 1120 and the communication interface 1130 are used to execute the various steps of the energy storage system startup method of the embodiments of this application.

[0211] The processor 1120 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), graphics processing unit (GPU), or one or more integrated circuits, for executing related programs to achieve the functions required by the units in the second energy storage system startup apparatus 1100 of this application embodiment, or to execute the energy storage system startup method of this application embodiment.

[0212] The processor 1120 can also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the energy storage system startup method of this embodiment can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the processor 1120 or by software instructions.

[0213] The processor 1120 described above can also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of hardware processors, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory 1110. The processor 1120 reads the information in memory 1110 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the functions required by the units included in the second energy storage system startup device 1100 of the embodiments of this application, or executes the energy storage system startup method of the embodiments of this application.

[0214] The communication interface 1130 uses a transceiver device, such as, but not limited to, a transceiver, to enable communication between the second energy storage system startup device 1100 and other devices or communication networks.

[0215] Bus 1140 may include a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device 1100 that is activated in the second energy storage system (e.g., memory 1110, processor 1120, communication interface 1130).

[0216] It should be noted that although the above-described device 1100 for starting the second energy storage system only shows a memory, processor, and communication interface, those skilled in the art should understand that in specific implementations, the device 1100 for starting the second energy storage system may also include other devices necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, depending on specific needs, those skilled in the art should understand that the device 1100 for starting the second energy storage system may also include hardware devices for implementing other additional functions. In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that the device 1100 for starting the second energy storage system may only include the devices necessary for implementing the embodiments of this application, and may not necessarily include... Figure 11 All the devices shown.

[0217] like Figure 12 As shown in the illustration, this application also provides an energy storage system 1200, which includes a first energy storage system 1210 and a second energy storage system 1220. The first energy storage system 1210 includes a compression device and a heat exchange device. The second energy storage system 1220 is electrically connected to the first energy storage system 1210 and is used to drive the compression device and the heat exchange device in the event of an abnormal power input to the first energy storage system 1210, thereby activating the first energy storage system. The first time period and the second time period at least partially overlap; the first time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system 1220 drives the compression device, and the second time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system 1220 drives the heat exchange device.

[0218] Optionally, the first energy storage system 1210 can be TS-CAES, and the second energy storage system 1220 can be BESS.

[0219] Optionally, the second energy storage system 1220 can drive the compression device and the heat exchange device based on the methods described above.

[0220] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program for performing the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0221] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may be a transient computer-readable storage medium or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0222] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described method for starting the energy storage system.

[0223] Although this application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of this application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner, provided there is no structural conflict. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for starting an energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system, which are electrically connected. The method includes: Detect the power input of the first energy storage system; If the abnormal power input is detected, the second energy storage system is controlled to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system to start the first energy storage system. The first time period and the second time period overlap at least partially. The first time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device. The method further includes: When the second energy storage system drives the compression device to start the compression device, the compression device is controlled to compress the input first gas so that the compression device outputs high temperature and high pressure gas. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the expansion working device in the first energy storage system, so that the rotation speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed. When the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, the second gas stored in the gas storage device is released; Control the heat exchange device to exchange heat with the second gas; Once the second gas heat exchange is complete, the second gas, together with the high-temperature, high-pressure gas output from the compression device, drives the expansion and work-generating device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control of the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system includes: The second energy storage system is controlled to supply power to the compression device, so that the compression device can be started. While the second energy storage system supplies power to the compression device, it also controls the second energy storage system to supply power to the heat exchange device, so that the heat exchange device is in a heating state.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control of the second energy storage system to supply power to the heat exchange device includes: Throughout the startup process of the first energy storage system, the second energy storage system is controlled to continuously supply power to the heat exchange device in order to continuously heat the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange device.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, the output power of the second energy storage system to the compression device is gradually reduced.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The control of the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system includes: The second energy storage system is controlled to output two AC currents through a power conversion device. One of the two AC currents is used to drive the compression device, and the other AC current is used to drive the heat exchange device.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second energy storage system drives the compression device and the heat exchange device through the first branch, and the method further includes: When the first energy storage system is started, disconnect the first branch.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Detect the frequency of load fluctuations; When the fluctuation frequency is greater than or equal to the frequency threshold, the second branch is closed, and the second energy storage system is controlled to output energy to the load through the second branch; When the fluctuation frequency is less than the frequency threshold, the third branch is closed, and the first energy storage system is controlled to output energy to the load through the third branch.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the energy output by the first energy storage system is greater than or equal to the first energy threshold, the fourth branch between the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system is closed, and the first energy storage system is controlled to charge the second energy storage system. When the energy output by the second energy storage system is greater than or equal to the second energy threshold, the fifth branch between the first energy storage system and the second energy storage system is closed, and the second energy storage system is controlled to charge the first energy storage system.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first energy storage system includes a thermal compressed air energy storage system, and the second energy storage system includes a battery energy storage system.

10. A device for starting an energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a first energy storage system and a second energy storage system, which are electrically connected. The device includes: The detection unit is used to detect the power input of the first energy storage system; The control unit is configured to control the second energy storage system to drive the compression device and heat exchange device in the first energy storage system in the event of an abnormal power input, so as to start the first energy storage system. The first time period and the second time period overlap at least partially. The first time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device. The control unit is further configured to, when the second energy storage system drives the compression device to start the compression device, control the compression device to compress the input first gas so that the compression device outputs high-temperature and high-pressure gas, drive the expansion working device in the first energy storage system through the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so that the rotation speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, release the second gas stored in the gas storage device when the rotation speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, control the heat exchange device to exchange heat with the second gas, and when the heat exchange of the second gas is completed, drive the expansion working device together with the second gas and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas output by the compression device.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first energy storage system and the second energy storage system are electrically connected through a power conversion device. The power conversion device includes two interfaces, one of which is connected to the compression device, and the other of which is connected to the heat exchange device.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that, A first on / off device is provided between the power conversion device and the compression device, and a second on / off device is provided between the power conversion device and the heat exchange device. Specifically, when the control unit controls the second energy storage system to drive the compression device, the first on / off device is in a closed state; when the control unit controls the second energy storage system to drive the heat exchange device, the second on / off device is in a closed state.

13. A device for starting an energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store programs; A processor for executing a program stored in the memory, wherein when the program stored in the memory is executed, the processor is configured to execute a method for starting an energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

14. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: The first energy storage system includes a compression device, a heat exchange device, a gas storage device, and an expansion and work device. The second energy storage system is electrically connected to the first energy storage system and is used to drive the compression device and the heat exchange device in the event of an abnormal power input to the first energy storage system, so as to start the first energy storage system. The first time period and the second time period overlap at least partially. The first time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the compression device, and the second time period is the time period during which the second energy storage system drives the heat exchange device. In the case where the second energy storage system drives the compression device to start the compression device, the compression device is used to compress the input first gas to output high temperature and high pressure gas. The high temperature and high pressure gas is used to drive the expansion working device so that the rotation speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed. When the rotational speed of the expansion working device reaches the starting speed, the gas storage device is used to release the stored second gas, and the heat exchange device is used to exchange heat with the second gas. When the second gas heat exchange is completed, the second gas and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas are used together to drive the expansion and work device.

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