Ultrasonic partition excitation auxiliary rock breaking device

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic zoning excitation auxiliary rock breaking device which comprises a rock mass inherent frequency zoning detection system and an ultrasonic zoning excitation system, the ultrasonic zoning excitation auxiliary rock breaking device is installed on a rock drill through a cylindrical fastening propelling device, and a hydraulic propelling device ensures that a compaction sector ring is tightly attached to a rock mass; the rock mass inherent frequency partition detection system performs annular partition amplitude detection on the surface of a rock mass through a compaction sector ring, data is transmitted to an amplitude data collection system and an inherent frequency analyzer, and inherent frequencies of all partitions are determined and transmitted to an ultrasonic generator; high-frequency alternating currents with different frequencies are input into the ultrasonic generator, the high-frequency alternating currents are input into the ultrasonic transducers which are annularly arranged and mutually independent through the circuit control system according to the frequencies, and vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducers is concentrated to the compaction sector ring at the top end through the amplitude-change pole. And performing partition excitation of different frequencies on the construction rock mass. Therefore, large-range and high-efficiency excitation of the rock mass is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to hard rock breaking tools in fields such as tunnel excavation and metal mining, specifically relating to an ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock breaking device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional methods for breaking hard rock suffer from a series of problems, including slow construction speed, high drill bit wear, and high rock breaking costs, which severely restrict the efficiency of rock tunnel excavation and the further expansion of the mining scale of metal deposits. Hard rock typically has a natural frequency greater than 20 kHz. When the applied ultrasonic vibration frequency approaches the rock's natural frequency, resonance occurs, causing rapid internal cracking and a significant decrease in strength, making it easier to break. Ultrasonic waves have broad application prospects in the field of efficient hard rock breaking.

[0003] Existing ultrasonic vibration rock breakers typically mount the ultrasonic transducer, amplitude transformer, drill rod, and drill bit on the same axis. The high-frequency vibration generated by ultrasonic excitation is concentrated on the drill bit, which then impacts and breaks the rock. The working principle of this type of ultrasonic vibration rock breaker is that the high-frequency impact of the drill bit on the rock surface causes fatigue damage to the shallow rock, thus reducing its strength and making it easier to break. However, in reality, the contact time between the drill bit and the rock is discontinuous, the natural frequencies of different parts of the rock are not uniform, the effective ultrasonic excitation inside the rock is minimal, and fissures are not developed. Simultaneously, the high-frequency impact friction of the drill rod causes some of the ultrasonic vibration mechanical energy to be converted into heat energy and lost, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock breaking device that separates the ultrasonic excitation device from the rock drilling rod, so as to perform ultrasonic zone excitation and impact destruction on the rock respectively, thereby achieving effective excitation and destruction of the rock.

[0005] This invention includes a rock mass natural frequency zoning detection system, an ultrasonic zoning excitation system, and a fastening propulsion device; The fastening and propulsion device includes a fastening device and a hydraulic propulsion device. The fastening device is cylindrical and is fitted around the outside of the rock drill. The drill rod passes through the middle of the fastening device. The hydraulic propulsion device includes an annular hydraulic cylinder, a piston that cooperates with the hydraulic cylinder, and an annular steel ring fixed to the front section of the piston; the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the fastening device. The rock mass natural frequency zoning detection system includes connector I, N piezoelectric accelerometers, amplitude data transmission line, amplitude data collection system, detection frequency output line, and natural frequency analyzer; The ultrasonic zonal excitation system includes connector II, N ultrasonic transducers, a high-frequency current input line, a circuit control system, a power supply line, N amplitude transformers, and N compaction fan rings. Connector I is ring-shaped and mounted on the fastening device; connector II is ring-shaped and fixed or mounted on connector I; the amplitude data transmission line is arranged inside or on the surface of connector I. The connector II has N mounting slots on its front end face. The amplitude transformers are installed in the mounting slots one by one. The top of the amplitude transformers is fixed to the compaction fan rings one by one. The compaction fan rings do not contact each other. The ultrasonic transducer and the piezoelectric accelerometer are installed at the bottom of the mounting slots. The piezoelectric accelerometer is collected by the amplitude data transmission line and sent to the amplitude data collection system, and then transmitted to the natural frequency analyzer by the detection frequency output line. The ultrasonic generator inputs different ultrasonic electrical signals to the circuit control system through the high-frequency current input line, and the circuit control system inputs the different ultrasonic electrical signals to the N ultrasonic transducers through the power supply line.

[0006] Furthermore, a buffer isolation layer is provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove to reduce the vibration impact of the amplitude transformer on connector II and prevent the amplitude transformers from affecting each other.

[0007] Furthermore, the ultrasonic generator is a frequency-adjustable ultrasonic generator, which adjusts the emitted ultrasonic frequency according to the natural frequency of different rocks.

[0008] Furthermore, the ring connector I and the ring connector II are integrally formed structures.

[0009] Preferably, the hydraulic propulsion device further includes a pressure sensor and a hydraulic control system. The pressure sensor is used to detect the force state of the piston, and the hydraulic control system controls the oil pressure of the hydraulic propulsion device to ensure that the compaction fan ring can always be tightly attached to the rock surface with a certain pressure, while not interfering with the rock drill's forward drilling.

[0010] Preferably, N is a natural number between 6 and 10.

[0011] In this invention, the auxiliary rock-breaking device is cylindrical, with the drill rod passing through the middle of the auxiliary rock-breaking device. The fastening device is sleeve-shaped, with its interior fitting the exterior of the rock drill and being fitted onto the outside of the rock drill, and fastened by clamps. The hydraulic propulsion device can apply thrust in the rock-breaking direction to ensure that the compacted fan ring section is tightly attached to the surface of the rock mass being drilled. The hydraulic propulsion device adjusts the length of the piston column as the rock-breaking depth changes.

[0012] N compaction fan rings divide the rock around the borehole into N equal zones, with each compaction fan ring operating independently. The natural frequencies of the rock in different zones may differ. The rock drill applies impact vibration to the rock mass through the drill rod. The compaction fan rings sense the rock vibration in their respective zones and transmit the vibration signal to a piezoelectric accelerometer via an amplitude transformer. The signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the piezoelectric accelerometers in each zone aggregate the signals through an amplitude data transmission line to an amplitude data collection system. The amplitude ring detection results of the working rock mass are then output to a natural frequency analyzer via a frequency detection output line to determine the natural frequency of each zone of the working rock mass. The detection results are then input to a frequency-adjustable ultrasonic generator.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustable frequency ultrasonic generator, based on the results of the zonal detection of the rock mass, converts high-frequency alternating currents in segments within a short period of time to frequencies that are consistent with or similar to the natural frequencies of the rock mass in each zone. The high-frequency alternating currents are input to the circuit control system through a high-frequency current input line. Through circuit switching of the circuit control system, the high-frequency alternating currents are input to the ultrasonic transducers of the corresponding zones through the power supply lines. The electrical signals are converted into vibration signals, and the vibrations are concentrated onto the compaction fan ring at the top through the amplitude transformer. The adjustable frequency ultrasonic generator excites the ultrasonic transducers of each zone at different frequencies within a short period of time through a high-frequency current input line, thereby achieving ultrasonic zonal excitation of the rock mass under construction, promoting the development of fractures in each zone, and the rock-breaking area of ​​the drill pipe is the superposition area of ​​ultrasonic zonal excitation, resulting in a significant excitation effect.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are that the ultrasonic transducer, amplitude transformer, and compaction fan ring are arranged in a ring shape and are independent of other ultrasonic transducers, amplitude transformers, and compaction fan rings, enabling the detection of the natural frequency zones of the rock mass and the excitation of ultrasonic zones. This effectively promotes the development of internal cracks in the rock mass and reduces its strength. The ultrasonic excitation device is separated from the rock drilling rod, allowing for separate ultrasonic zone excitation and impact damage to the rock. While ensuring the rock excitation effect, it significantly reduces the heat energy generated by high-frequency friction and impact compression of the drill rod, avoiding ultrasonic excitation damage to the drill rod and reducing energy and drill bit losses. The auxiliary rock breaking device can be directly installed on the rock drill, making it convenient to use.

[0015] In this invention, the ultrasonic excitation device and the rock drilling rod are separated, and the ultrasonic zonal excitation and impact destruction effects on the rock are performed separately. This can achieve effective rock excitation, significantly reduce rock strength, and efficiently break the rock. At the same time, it can significantly reduce the heat energy generated by high-frequency friction and impact compression of the drill rod, thereby reducing energy loss. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the ultrasonic zone excitation-assisted rock breaking device of the present invention; Figure 2This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock-breaking device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic zoning excitation system of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1—rock drill, 2—fastening device, 3—hydraulic propulsion device, 4—connector I, 5—connector II, 6—amplitude rod, 7—drill rod, 8—compacting fan ring, 9—high-frequency current input line, 10—detection frequency output line, 11—ultrasonic generator, 12—natural frequency analyzer, 13—power supply line, 14—circuit control system, 15—amplitude data collection system, 16—amplitude data transmission line, 17—ultrasonic transducer, 18—piezoelectric accelerometer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the invention to the scope of the embodiments described.

[0019] This invention discloses an ultrasonic zonal excitation-assisted rock breaking device, comprising a rock mass natural frequency zonal detection system, an ultrasonic zonal excitation system, and a fastening and propulsion device. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 ; The fastening and propulsion device includes a fastening device 2 and a hydraulic propulsion device 3. The fastening device 2 is cylindrical and is fitted onto the outside of the rock drill 1. It can be installed using clamps or by setting or installing a flange on the outside of the rock drill 1. The fastening device 2 is installed on the outside of the rock drill 1 through the flange, thereby completing the adaptation to the existing rock drill 1. The drill rod 7 passes through the middle of the fastening device 2.

[0020] like Figure 2 As shown, the hydraulic propulsion device 3 includes an annular hydraulic cylinder, a piston that cooperates with the hydraulic cylinder, and an annular steel ring fixed to the front section of the piston. The hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the fastening device 2. Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder is an annular structure that cooperates with the fastening device 2, the piston is also annular, and the top of the annular steel ring is used to install or connect other components of the present invention. This structure is mainly to avoid affecting the operation of the drill rod 7.

[0021] like Figure 3 As shown, the rock mass natural frequency zoning detection system includes a connector I4, N piezoelectric accelerometers 18, an amplitude data transmission line 16, an amplitude data collection system 15, a detection frequency output line 10, and a natural frequency analyzer 12. like Figure 3 As shown, the ultrasonic zone excitation system includes connector II5, N ultrasonic transducers 17, high-frequency current input line 9, circuit control system 14, power supply line 13, N amplitude transformers 6, and N compaction fan rings 8. Connector I4 is a ring and is mounted on fastening device 2. The main function of connector I4 is to connect and arrange amplitude data transmission line 16 and other related lines.

[0022] Connector II5 is ring-shaped, fixed, or mounted on connector I4; The front end face of connector II5 is provided with N mounting slots. The amplitude rods 6 are installed in the mounting slots one by one. The top of the amplitude rods 6 are fixed and compacted fan rings 8 one by one. The compacted fan rings 8 do not contact each other. The bottom of the mounting slot is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer 17 and a piezoelectric accelerometer 18. Since the compaction fan rings 8 are independent of each other and do not contact each other, it is equivalent to the compaction fan rings 8 dividing the rock around the borehole into N equal zones; different compaction fan rings 8 are used to detect the natural frequency of the rock in the corresponding zone, and to perform ultrasonic excitation operation for compaction of the zone.

[0023] The piezoelectric accelerometer 18 is collected by the amplitude data transmission line 16 and sent to the amplitude data collection system 15, and transmitted to the natural frequency analyzer 12 through the detection frequency output line 10. The ultrasonic generator 11 inputs different ultrasonic electrical signals to the circuit control system 14 through the high-frequency current input line 9, and the circuit control system 14 inputs the different ultrasonic electrical signals to N ultrasonic transducers 17 through the power supply line 13.

[0024] The number of N can be changed depending on different rock conditions, and N is a natural number between 6 and 10. In this embodiment, it is 8.

[0025] Since all the amplitude transformers 6 are mounted on connector II5, to prevent mutual interference between them and reduce the detection efficiency and excitation crushing efficiency of the rock's natural frequency, a buffer isolation layer is further provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove. This buffer isolation layer can be made of honeycomb-shaped metal. At this point, the impact of the vibration of the amplitude transformers 6 on connector II5 is minimized, and the vibrations between the amplitude transformers 6 do not affect each other.

[0026] To reduce costs and simplify the structure, the ring connector I4 and ring connector II5 are integrally molded.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic propulsion device 3 also includes a pressure sensor and a hydraulic control system. The pressure sensor is used to detect the force state of the piston, and the hydraulic control system controls the oil pressure of the hydraulic propulsion device 3 to ensure that the compaction fan ring 8 can always be pressed tightly against the rock surface with a certain pressure, while not interfering with the rock drill 1 drilling forward.

[0028] In this invention, the auxiliary rock-breaking device is cylindrical, the drill rod 7 passes through the middle of the auxiliary rock-breaking device, the fastening device 2 is sleeve-shaped, the inside fits the appearance of the rock drill 1, and is fitted on the outside of the rock drill 1 and fastened by clamps; the hydraulic propulsion device 3 can apply thrust in the rock-breaking direction to ensure that the compaction fan ring 8 is tightly attached to the surface of the rock mass under construction, and the hydraulic propulsion device 3 adjusts the length of the piston column as the rock-breaking depth changes.

[0029] N compaction fan rings 8 divide the rock around the borehole into N equal zones, and the compaction fan rings 8 are independent of each other; the natural frequencies of the rock in different zones may be different; the rock drill 1 applies impact vibration to the rock mass through the drill rod 7, the compaction fan ring 8 senses the rock mass vibration in its zone, and transmits the rock mass vibration signal to the piezoelectric accelerometer 18 through the amplitude transformer 6, which converts it into an electrical signal. The piezoelectric accelerometer 18 of each zone collects the signal through the amplitude data transmission line 16 to the amplitude data collection system 15, and then outputs the amplitude ring partition detection results of the working rock mass to the natural frequency analyzer 12 through the detection frequency output line 10 to determine the natural frequency of each zone of the working rock mass. The detection results are input to the frequency-adjustable ultrasonic generator 11.

[0030] Preferably, the adjustable frequency ultrasonic generator 11, based on the detection results of the rock mass's natural frequency zones, converts high-frequency alternating currents in segments within a short period of time to frequencies that are consistent with or similar to the natural frequencies of the rock mass in each zone. The high-frequency alternating currents are input to the circuit control system 14 through the high-frequency current input line 9. Through the circuit switching of the circuit control system 14, the high-frequency alternating currents are input to the ultrasonic transducers 17 of the corresponding zones via the power supply line 13. The electrical signal is converted into a vibration signal, and the vibration is concentrated onto the compaction fan ring 8 at the top through the amplitude transformer 6. The adjustable frequency ultrasonic generator 11 excites the ultrasonic transducers 17 of each zone at different frequencies within a short period of time through a high-frequency current input line 9, thereby realizing ultrasonic zone excitation of the rock mass under construction, promoting the development of fractures in each zone, and the rock-breaking area of ​​the drill rod 7 is the superposition area of ​​ultrasonic zone excitation, resulting in a significant excitation effect.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are that the ultrasonic transducer 17, the amplitude transformer 6, and the compaction fan ring 8 are arranged in a ring shape and are independent of other ultrasonic transducers 17, amplitude transformers 6, and compaction fan rings 8, which can realize the natural frequency zone detection and ultrasonic zone excitation of the rock mass, effectively promote the development of internal cracks in the rock mass and reduce its strength; the ultrasonic excitation device and the rock drilling rod 7 are separated, and the ultrasonic zone excitation and impact destruction of the rock are carried out separately. While ensuring the rock excitation effect, the heat energy generated by the high-frequency friction and impact compression of the drill rod 7 is significantly reduced, avoiding ultrasonic excitation damage to the drill rod 7, and reducing energy and drill bit loss; the auxiliary rock breaking device can be directly installed on the rock drill 1, which is convenient to use.

[0032] In this invention, the ultrasonic excitation device and the rock drilling rod 7 are separated, and the ultrasonic zone excitation and impact destruction of the rock are performed separately. This can achieve effective excitation of the rock, significantly reduce the rock strength, and efficiently break the rock. At the same time, it can significantly reduce the heat energy generated by the high-frequency friction and impact compression of the drill rod 7, thereby reducing energy loss.

[0033] The method of using this invention is as follows: 1. The rock drill 1 is fixed in the construction area by the support structure, the rock drill impact drill rod 7 is installed, the ultrasonic zonal excitation auxiliary rock breaking device is sleeved on the outside of the rock drill 1, and the ultrasonic zonal excitation auxiliary rock breaking device is fixed on the rock drill 1 by the clamp on the fastening device 2. The hydraulic propulsion device 3 extends and advances, so that the compaction fan ring 8 is pressed tightly against the rock surface with a certain pressure. The natural frequency analyzer 12 and the frequency-adjustable ultrasonic generator 11 are placed on the ground and connected to the high-frequency current input line 9 and the detection frequency output line 10. 2. Start the rock drill 1. The drill rod 7 applies impact vibration to the rock mass. The compacted fan rings 8 arranged in a ring receive the vibration signals of the rock in each zone. The signals are transmitted to the piezoelectric accelerometer 18 through the amplitude transformer 6, converted into electrical signals, and collected in the amplitude data collection system 15. The signals are then input to the natural frequency analyzer 12 to determine the natural frequency of the rock mass in each zone. The adjustable frequency ultrasonic generator 11, based on the detection results of the natural frequency of the rock mass, inputs a high-frequency alternating current of the corresponding frequency to the ultrasonic transducer 17 of each zone through a high-frequency current input line 9 for a short period of time. The ultrasonic transducer 17 converts the high-frequency current into high-frequency mechanical vibration. The amplitude transformer 6 amplifies the amplitude of the mechanical vibration. Finally, the high-frequency mechanical vibration is applied to the rock mass through the compacted fan rings 8. The auxiliary rock breaking device begins to perform ultrasonic zone excitation on the rock mass. The rock breaking area of ​​the drill rod 7 is the superposition area of ​​ultrasonic zone excitation, and the excitation effect is significant. 3. During the construction process of rock drill 1, the hydraulic propulsion device 3 automatically retracts according to the drilling depth and the wear of drill rod 7, and adjusts the length of the auxiliary rock breaking device to ensure that the compaction fan ring 8 is always in close contact with the rock mass. At the same time, the rock mass natural frequency zoning detection system detects the natural frequency of the rock mass in real time, and the frequency of the output current of the adjustable ultrasonic generator 11 is adjusted in real time to perform efficient ultrasonic zoning excitation on the rock mass. Together with the impact of drill rod 7 of rock drill 1, it achieves efficient crushing of hard rock. 4. After the hard rock is broken, rotate the rock drill 1 to select a new rock breaking position, extend the hydraulic propulsion device 3, and compact the fan ring 8 to fit tightly against the rock mass. Repeat the construction steps in steps two and three. When the construction is completed, retract the hydraulic propulsion device 3, turn off the ultrasonic zone excitation auxiliary rock breaking device and the rock drill 1 in sequence, and tidy up the construction area.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock-breaking device, characterized in that: This includes a rock mass natural frequency zoning detection system, an ultrasonic zoning excitation system, and a fastening propulsion device; The fastening and propulsion device includes a fastening device (2) and a hydraulic propulsion device (3). The fastening device (2) is cylindrical and is fitted around the outside of the rock drill (1). The drill rod (7) passes through the middle of the fastening device (2). The hydraulic propulsion device (3) includes an annular hydraulic cylinder, a piston that cooperates with the hydraulic cylinder, and an annular steel ring fixed to the front section of the piston; the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the fastening device (2); The rock mass natural frequency zoning detection system includes connector I (4), N piezoelectric accelerometers (18), amplitude data transmission line (16), amplitude data collection system (15), detection frequency output line (10), and natural frequency analyzer (12). The ultrasonic zonal excitation system includes connector II (5), N ultrasonic transducers (17), high-frequency current input line (9), circuit control system (14), power supply line (13), N amplitude transformers (6), N compaction fan rings (8) and ultrasonic generator (11). The connector I (4) is ring-shaped and is mounted on the fastening device (2); the connector II (5) is ring-shaped and is fixed or mounted on the connector I (4). The connector II (5) has N mounting slots on its front end face. The amplitude rod (6) is installed in the mounting slots one by one. The top of the amplitude rod (6) is fixed to the compaction fan ring (8) one by one. The compaction fan rings (8) do not contact each other. The ultrasonic transducer (17) and the piezoelectric accelerometer (18) are installed at the bottom of the mounting slot. The piezoelectric accelerometer (18) is collected by the amplitude data transmission line (16) and sent to the amplitude data collection system (15), and transmitted to the natural frequency analyzer (12) by the detection frequency output line (10); The ultrasonic generator (11) inputs different ultrasonic electrical signals to the circuit control system (14) through the high-frequency current input line (9), and the circuit control system (14) inputs different ultrasonic electrical signals to N ultrasonic transducers (17) through the power supply line (13).

2. The ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the mounting slot is provided with a buffer isolation layer.

3. The ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The connector I (4) and the connector II (5) are integrally formed.

4. An ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The hydraulic propulsion device (3) also includes a pressure sensor and a hydraulic control system. The pressure sensor is used to detect the force state of the piston, and the hydraulic control system is used to control the oil pressure of the hydraulic propulsion device (3).

5. An ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock-breaking device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: N is a natural number between 6 and 10.

6. An ultrasonic zone-excitation assisted rock-breaking device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The amplitude data transmission line (16) is laid inside or on the surface of the connector I (4).

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