Method, device and equipment for quantitatively characterizing formation heat convection effect and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a method, device and equipment for quantitatively characterizing a formation heat convection effect and a storage medium, and the method comprises the following steps: determining a layered interface of an upper formation and a lower formation according to an obtained ground temperature gradient; determining the actually measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum according to the average ground temperature gradient of the upper stratum and the harmonic heat conductivity of the upper stratum; pure heat conduction surface heat flow is determined according to the average ground temperature gradient of the lower stratum, the blending heat conductivity of the lower stratum and radioactive element heat production of the upper stratum; and determining a heat convection value of the stratum according to the actually measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow. The method aims at solving the problems that in an existing method, complexity of a stratum structure is not considered, and accurate quantitative analysis is lacked, the stratum heat convection effect is quantitatively represented through steady-state temperature data and accurate stratum in-situ thermophysical properties, and the more accurate and comprehensive quantitative analysis effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geothermal resource exploration, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for quantitatively characterizing the thermal convection effect of a formation. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing severity of global climate change and environmental pollution, the exploration and development of clean energy has become particularly important. Geothermal energy, as a clean and renewable energy source, has enormous development potential. However, the limitations of existing technologies in quantitatively characterizing the effects of ground thermal convection restrict the in-depth exploration and efficient utilization of geothermal energy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to update and improve relevant technologies to meet practical needs.

[0003] Current research on the effects of stratigraphic thermal convection is mostly at the level of qualitative analysis, primarily revealing the impact of thermal convection by comparing geothermal heat flows in convection-affected and non-convection-affected regions. While this method can demonstrate the existence of thermal convection to some extent, it cannot provide precise quantitative data or accurately describe the specific degree of influence of thermal convection on the geothermal field. Even in areas of close proximity and with similar tectonic features, stratigraphic structures are unlikely to be completely identical. Differences exist in stratigraphic thickness, lithomorphism, and thermal properties, and existing techniques neglect these differences, leading to biased analytical results. Measured geothermal heat flow values ​​are usually calculated based on the geothermal gradient obtained from steady-state thermometry and the thermal conductivity of the corresponding stratigraphic segment. However, this method may incorporate the influence of thermal convection during calculation, resulting in results that are not purely thermal conduction heat flow values. Especially in convection-affected regions, thermal convection often significantly alters the geothermal field, making it crucial to clarify the contribution of thermal convection to surface heat flow. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The primary objective of this application is to provide a method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, specifically involving the quantitative evaluation of geothermal heat accumulation effects. This aims to address the shortcomings of existing methods, which fail to consider the complexity of formation structures and lack precise quantitative analysis. This application quantitatively characterizes formation thermal convection effects using steady-state temperature data and precise in-situ formation thermophysical properties, achieving a more accurate and comprehensive quantitative analysis.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Based on the obtained geothermal gradient, the layering interface between the upper and lower strata is determined;

[0007] The measured surface heat flow of the upper strata is determined based on the average geothermal gradient and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata.

[0008] The surface heat flow of pure heat conduction is determined based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper strata.

[0009] The thermal convection value of the upper stratum is determined based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the surface heat flow of pure thermal conduction.

[0010] In one embodiment, the step of determining the layering interface between the upper and lower strata based on the obtained geothermal gradient further includes:

[0011] Continuous temperature data from wellhead to bottom is obtained through steady-state temperature measurement.

[0012] Based on continuous temperature data from wellhead to bottom, calculate the geothermal gradient at preset intervals from wellhead to bottom;

[0013] Based on the characteristics of the change in geothermal gradient with depth in each interval, the layering interface between the upper strata and the lower strata is determined.

[0014] In one embodiment, the step of determining the layering interface between the upper and lower strata based on the characteristics of the geothermal gradient variation with depth in each interval further includes:

[0015] When the upper stratum temperature in a predetermined range exhibits a nonlinear change with depth, it is determined that the geothermal gradient in the predetermined range undergoes abrupt changes with depth.

[0016] When the temperature of the lower strata in the preset interval shows a linear trend and there is no significant abrupt change in the geothermal gradient of the preset interval, the interface of the preset interval is determined to be the layering interface between the upper and lower strata.

[0017] In one embodiment, the step of determining the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum based on the average geothermal gradient of the upper stratum and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper stratum further includes:

[0018] Based on the calculated geothermal gradients of each interval of the upper strata, the average geothermal gradient of the upper strata is calculated.

[0019] Based on the thermal conductivity and thickness percentage of different lithologies in the upper strata obtained from the tests, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata is calculated.

[0020] The measured surface heat flow of the upper strata is calculated based on the calculated average geothermal gradient and harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata.

[0021] In one embodiment, the step of determining the surface heat flow of pure heat conduction based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, and the radioactive elemental heat production of the upper strata further includes:

[0022] Based on the calculated geothermal gradients of each interval in the lower strata, the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata is calculated.

[0023] Based on the thermal conductivity and thickness percentage of different lithologies in the lower strata obtained from the tests, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata is calculated.

[0024] Based on the heat generation rate and thickness of the different lithologies of the upper strata obtained from the tests, the radioactive element heat generation of the upper strata is calculated.

[0025] The surface heat flow of pure heat conduction is calculated based on the calculated average geothermal gradient of the lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, and the heat generated by radioactive elements in the upper strata.

[0026] In one embodiment, the step of determining the thermal convection value of the stratum based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow further includes:

[0027] Based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow, calculate the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow of the stratum.

[0028] The thermal convection effect of the upper strata is quantitatively characterized by the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper strata and the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow of the strata.

[0029] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0030] The thermal conductivity of the different lithologies was obtained based on the test and analysis of the thermophysical parameters.

[0031] The heat generation rate of the different lithologies was obtained by testing the content of radioactive heat-generating elements.

[0032] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides an apparatus for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, the apparatus comprising:

[0033] The system includes modules for determining stratigraphic boundaries, calculating measured surface heat flow, calculating surface heat flow through pure heat conduction, and quantitative characterization.

[0034] The stratigraphic boundary determination module determines the stratigraphic interface between the upper and lower strata based on the obtained geothermal gradient.

[0035] The measured surface heat flow calculation module determines the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum based on the average geothermal gradient and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper stratum.

[0036] The pure heat conduction surface heat flow calculation module determines the pure heat conduction surface heat flow based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper strata.

[0037] The quantitative characterization module determines the thermal convection value of the upper stratum based on the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the surface heat flow of pure thermal conduction.

[0038] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides an apparatus for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects. The apparatus for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects includes: a memory, a processor, and a processing program for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processing program for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the above-described method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects.

[0039] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, wherein when the program for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects.

[0040] The above-mentioned one or more technical solutions provided in this application may have the following advantages or at least achieve the following technical effects:

[0041] This application discloses a method, apparatus, and equipment for quantitatively characterizing the thermal convection effect of strata, relating to the field of motor control. The technical method includes the following steps: determining the layering interface between the upper and lower strata based on the obtained geothermal gradient; determining the measured surface heat flow of the upper strata based on the average geothermal gradient and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata; determining the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow based on the average geothermal gradient and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, as well as the radioactive element heat production of the upper strata; and determining the thermal convection value of the upper strata based on the measured surface heat flow and the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow. The technical solution of this application is based on a method for quantitatively characterizing the formation thermal convection effect using high-quality system steady-state temperature data and accurate in-situ thermal properties of the formation. It calculates the measured surface heat flow of the upper formation with convection, and the sum of the heat conduction flow of the lower formation without convection and the heat generated by radioactive elements in the upper formation as the pure heat conduction surface heat flow. The difference between the measured and pure heat conduction surface heat flows is then used to quantitatively characterize the thermal convection effect. Specifically, this application involves the quantitative evaluation of geothermal heat accumulation effects, aiming to address the problems of existing methods that fail to consider the complexity of the formation structure and lack accurate quantitative analysis. By quantitatively characterizing the formation thermal convection effect using steady-state temperature data and accurate in-situ thermal properties of the formation, it achieves a more accurate and comprehensive quantitative analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating Embodiment 1 of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects proposed in this application.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of Embodiment 2 of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects proposed in this application.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of Embodiment 3 of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects proposed in this application;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of Embodiment 4 of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects proposed in this application.

[0047] Figure 5This is a flowchart illustrating Embodiment 5 of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects proposed in this application.

[0048] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0051] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0052] Formation thermal convection is a crucial factor influencing regional geothermal fields and is essential for understanding the formation mechanisms and assessing geothermal resources. However, existing characterizations of formation thermal convection are often vague, lacking an accurate and quantitative method. This invention proposes a quantitative method for characterizing formation thermal convection based on high-quality system steady-state temperature and precise in-situ formation thermal properties, aiming to address this issue.

[0053] Drilling operations are carried out in the target area, ensuring the borehole penetrates to the predetermined formation depth. During drilling, core samples are taken at predetermined depths and intervals to obtain core samples from various formations. After drilling is completed, a period of time is allowed to ensure the borehole temperature reaches a steady state. This typically requires temperature measurement several days to several weeks after drilling to ensure the accuracy of the results. Appropriate temperature sensors (such as thermistors) are used to measure the temperature, ensuring they accurately reflect the temperature at each point within the borehole. Continuous temperature data from the wellhead to the bottom of the well is acquired, and then the geothermal gradient at regular intervals from the wellhead to the bottom is calculated. The temperature data is recorded and processed to obtain the steady-state temperature distribution at each point within the borehole. In-situ thermal conductivity and heat generation rates are measured on the retrieved core samples. This can be achieved through laboratory testing to ensure the accuracy of the results. Common thermal conductivity testing methods used domestically and internationally include the moving heat source method, laser flash method, transient plate heat source method, and probe method. Thermal conductivity measured indoors needs to be corrected to obtain in-situ thermal conductivity, typically requiring corrections for water saturation, temperature, and pressure. Currently, common methods for testing heat generation rate both domestically and internationally involve testing the uranium, thorium, and potassium isotope content of the sample and calculating the heat generation rate using empirical formulas. Measurement results are recorded and organized to obtain in-situ thermal conductivity and heat generation rate data for different lithologies in various strata. The boundary between upper and lower strata is determined by analyzing the trend of geothermal gradient changes. Average geothermal heat flow is calculated for both upper and lower strata, which can be achieved by combining the thermal conductivity, heat generation rate, and geothermal gradient of each stratum. In the specific calculation process, factors such as thermal conduction and convection within the strata, as well as the geometry and boundary conditions of the strata, need to be considered. The difference between the measured surface heat flow and the purely conductive surface heat flow is used to quantitatively characterize the strata's thermal convection effect. If the measured surface heat flow is greater than the purely conductive surface heat flow, it indicates the presence of hot water intrusion and thermal convection; conversely, it indicates the presence of cold water intrusion and thermal convection. By comprehensively analyzing the data obtained in the above process, the causes and mechanisms of the formation thermal convection effect can be explained. Based on the analysis results, corresponding geological and geothermal resource assessment recommendations can be obtained.

[0054] The formation and heat accumulation processes of geothermal resources are complex, with thermal convection being one of the key factors influencing their distribution and characteristics. This application proposes a method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects. This method achieves precise quantification of thermal convection effects by comparing the heat flow affected by convection with that of unaffected areas in the same borehole. To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects according to a first embodiment, please refer to... Figure 1 The method includes steps S10 to S40:

[0055] Step S10: Determine the layering interface between the upper and lower strata based on the obtained geothermal gradient.

[0056] Step S20: Determine the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum based on the average geothermal gradient of the upper stratum and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper stratum;

[0057] Step S30: Determine the surface heat flow of pure heat conduction based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower stratum, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower stratum, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper stratum.

[0058] Step S40: Determine the thermal convection value of the upper stratum based on the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the surface heat flow of pure thermal conduction.

[0059] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, this application will detail the principles, processes, and steps for determining the layering interface between the upper and lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the strata, the measured surface heat flow, the surface heat flow by pure heat conduction, and the heat convection value based on the obtained geothermal gradient:

[0060] Step S10: Geothermal gradient measurement is typically achieved by inserting a temperature probe into a borehole. The temperature probe records temperature data at different depths within the borehole, thereby calculating the geothermal gradient. The magnitude of the geothermal gradient is related to factors such as the thermal conductivity of the rock, the distribution of geothermal fluids, and geological structure. Based on the acquired geothermal gradient data, the layering interface between the upper and lower strata can be inferred. Due to differences in the thermal conductivity of rocks and the distribution of geothermal fluids in different strata, the geothermal gradient changes significantly at the layering interface. By analyzing the characteristics of the geothermal gradient variation, the location and properties of the layering interface can be determined. Temperature data is collected within the borehole, including temperature values ​​at different depths and corresponding depth information. The geothermal gradient is calculated based on the temperature data and depth information. The geothermal gradient can be calculated by dividing the temperature difference between two adjacent depth points by the depth difference. The characteristics of the geothermal gradient variation are analyzed to identify the layering interface between the upper and lower strata. The layering interface is usually located at the depth where the geothermal gradient changes significantly.

[0061] Step S20: The harmonic thermal conductivity of a formation is an important parameter describing its thermal conductivity. Harmonic thermal conductivity is calculated by averaging the proportions of rocks with different thermal conductivityes at different thicknesses. Because rocks have different compositions and textures, different rocks have different thermal conductivityes. Formations contain various lithologies, and the overall average thermal conductivity of the formation can be obtained through harmonic averaging. The harmonic thermal conductivity of the formation is calculated based on the thermal conductivity and thickness proportions of different lithologies. Measured surface heat flow refers to the geothermal flow measured near the Earth's surface. It can be calculated by measuring the geothermal gradient from the surface to the subsurface and the corresponding harmonic thermal conductivity of the formation. Measured surface heat flow is one of the important parameters for understanding the thermal state of the Earth's interior and is also an important basis for geothermal resource exploration and development.

[0062] Step S30, pure thermal conduction surface heat flow refers to surface heat flow caused solely by rock thermal conduction. It can be calculated using the average geothermal gradient of strata in non-convective zones and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the corresponding strata, or by mantle conduction heat, radioactive element heat production from the crust, and possible heat production from partial crustal melts or magma chambers. The product of the average geothermal gradient and harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata is the geothermal heat flow at the top surface of the lower strata, which is also equal to the heat conducted from the upper mantle and the radioactive element heat production from the crust below the top surface of the lower strata. The pure thermal conduction surface heat flow is obtained by adding the geothermal heat flow at the top surface of the lower strata to the radioactive element heat production from the upper strata. Radioactive elements in the crust release heat during decay, which is transferred to the surface through rock thermal conduction, forming radioactive element heat production.

[0063] The magnitude of surface heat flow through pure thermal conduction is influenced by a variety of factors, including the thermal conductivity of the strata, the content of radioactive elements, decay rates, strata thickness, and lithology. Therefore, when calculating surface heat flow through pure thermal conduction, the impact of these factors on the results must be fully considered.

[0064] Step S40: The thermal convection effect is related to the heat carried by geothermal fluids during their circulation within the Earth, and it is one of the important references for geothermal resource assessment and geothermal power generation system design. The calculation of thermal convection values ​​is usually based on measured surface heat flow and pure thermal conduction surface heat flow in the upper strata. Since the heat transfer rate of geothermal fluids during circulation is significantly greater than that of heat conduction, the magnitude of the thermal convection value can reflect the activity intensity of geothermal fluids and the potential of geothermal resources. By measuring the measured surface heat flow and pure thermal conduction surface heat flow in the upper strata, the thermal convection value can be calculated using the corresponding formulas. Determining the thermal convection value is of great significance for the exploration and development of geothermal resources. It helps to understand the activity patterns of geothermal fluids and the distribution characteristics of geothermal resources, providing an important reference for the design and operation of geothermal power generation systems. Simultaneously, the thermal convection value can also be used to assess the economic value and development potential of geothermal resources, providing a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of geothermal resources.

[0065] Based on the first embodiment of this application, in the second embodiment of this application, the content that is the same as or similar to that in Embodiment 1 above can be referred to the above description, and will not be repeated hereafter. Please refer to Figure 2 In this embodiment, the step of determining the layering interface between the upper and lower strata based on the obtained geothermal gradient further includes:

[0066] Step S11: Obtain continuous temperature data from the wellhead to the bottom of the well through steady-state temperature measurement;

[0067] Step S12: Calculate the geothermal gradient at preset intervals from wellhead to wellbottom based on continuous temperature data from wellhead to wellbottom.

[0068] Step S13: Based on the characteristics of the change of geothermal gradient with depth in each interval, the layering interface between the upper strata and the lower strata is determined.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the geothermal gradient, as a core parameter in geophysics, reveals the distribution and transfer mechanisms of heat within the Earth. Accurate measurement and analysis of the geothermal gradient can provide insights into the thermal state of strata, the potential of geothermal resources, and geological structural characteristics. In geological exploration and geothermal resource development, determining the stratigraphic interface between upper and lower strata is crucial. The following is the process for determining the stratigraphic interface based on the geothermal gradient, including steady-state temperature measurement, geothermal gradient calculation, and stratigraphic interface identification.

[0070] Step S11: Steady-state temperature measurement is a commonly used measurement technique in geological exploration. The system continuously records temperature data at different depths. Under steady-state conditions, i.e., when the temperature inside the borehole reaches equilibrium, the measured temperature data can accurately reflect the temperature state inside the formation. Steady-state temperature measurement typically uses high-precision temperature sensors, such as platinum resistance thermometers or thermocouples. These sensors are characterized by high precision, high stability, and long-term reliability, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data. To ensure the accuracy of the temperature measurement results, a stable temperature environment needs to be achieved inside the borehole. This includes avoiding fluid flow inside the borehole and reducing interference from external temperature on the measurement results. Steady-state temperature measurement requires a sufficiently long waiting period after drilling to ensure that the temperature distribution inside the borehole reaches steady-state equilibrium. The length of the waiting time depends on factors such as the thermal conductivity of the formation and the depth of the borehole.

[0071] Specifically, it should be noted that steady-state temperature measurement can acquire continuous temperature data from the wellhead to the bottom of the well. This data is typically plotted as a temperature-depth curve with temperature on the x-axis and depth on the y-axis. During the temperature measurement process, temperature sensor data is recorded at regular intervals according to the probe's descent rate. This data is usually stored digitally for easy subsequent data processing and analysis. The collected raw temperature data may contain outliers, therefore preprocessing is necessary. This includes data cleaning, smoothing, and outlier removal to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis. To ensure data reliability, quality control of the temperature measurement process is required. This includes regularly calibrating the temperature sensor and checking the stability and accuracy of the temperature measurement equipment.

[0072] Step S12: The geothermal gradient refers to the temperature change per unit depth, usually expressed in °C / km or °C / 100m. It is an important parameter describing the characteristics of formation temperature distribution. The geothermal gradient can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the temperature difference to the depth difference between two adjacent points on the temperature-depth curve.

[0073] To obtain more accurate geothermal gradient values, the depth range from the wellhead to the bottom can be divided into several pre-defined intervals. The distance of each interval can be determined based on the formation thickness and temperature variation characteristics. By calculating the geothermal gradient values ​​for each interval, a curve showing the geothermal gradient as a function of depth can be obtained. This curve reflects the characteristics and patterns of temperature distribution within the formation. The geothermal gradient may vary significantly between different formations. This is usually due to differences in the formation's material composition, structure, thermal conductivity, and fluid dynamics. Within certain depth ranges, geothermal gradient anomalies may appear. These anomalies may be caused by geological factors such as formation fracturing or magmatic activity.

[0074] Step S13 involves analyzing the characteristics of geothermal gradient variations with depth to identify the stratigraphic interfaces between the upper and lower strata. These interfaces typically correspond to depth locations where significant changes in the geothermal gradient occur. Interface identification is usually based on features such as abrupt changes or inflection points in the geothermal gradient. These features reflect significant differences in thermal conductivity, fluid flow, and material composition between strata. In addition to the geothermal gradient, other geological and geophysical parameters can be combined for comprehensive analysis. For example, core analysis and seismic wave velocity measurements can provide information about the composition and structure of stratigraphic materials, helping to more accurately identify stratigraphic interfaces.

[0075] Specifically, it should be noted that the identified stratigraphic interfaces need to be verified and corrected using other geological or geophysical methods. This includes geological surveys, the creation of geological profiles, and geophysical exploration. Geological surveys provide information on the lithology, thickness, and occurrence of strata, offering crucial evidence for verifying stratigraphic interfaces. Based on the results of the geological surveys, geological profiles can be drawn. These profiles visually demonstrate the stratigraphic relationships and interface locations. Geophysical exploration methods, such as gravity exploration, magnetic exploration, and seismic exploration, can provide information on stratigraphic structure and tectonics, further aiding in the verification and correction of the stratigraphic interface locations.

[0076] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the step of determining the layering interface between the upper and lower strata based on the characteristics of the geothermal gradient variation with depth in each interval further includes:

[0077] When the upper stratum temperature in a predetermined range exhibits a nonlinear change with depth, it is determined that the geothermal gradient in the predetermined range undergoes abrupt changes with depth.

[0078] When the temperature of the lower strata in the preset interval shows a linear trend and there is no significant abrupt change in the geothermal gradient of the preset interval, the interface of the preset interval is determined to be the layering interface between the upper and lower strata.

[0079] Specifically, in this embodiment, the change in geothermal gradient is influenced by various factors, including the thermal conductivity of rocks, the activity of groundwater, the stability of regional geological structures, and the properties of deep crustal structures. The thermal conductivity of rocks determines the efficiency of heat transfer within the strata, while the activity of groundwater can affect the temperature distribution within the strata. The stability of regional geological structures and the properties of deep crustal structures determine the heat conduction paths and heat accumulation within the strata. The geothermal gradient typically refers to the rate of increase in stratum temperature with increasing depth, unaffected by atmospheric temperature. It is generally expressed as an increase in °C per 100 meters of vertical depth and is a parameter representing the degree of uneven temperature distribution within the Earth. The approximate average geothermal gradient of the Earth's crust is 25 °C per kilometer. The geothermal gradient value varies at different locations, typically ranging from (1 to 4) °C per 100 meters, with higher values ​​observed in volcanic areas.

[0080] The increase in geothermal temperature with depth is a general rule. However, due to the influence of geological conditions, deep crustal structure, and groundwater activity in different regions, its manifestation varies greatly. In some strata, especially near the surface or in areas heavily influenced by groundwater activity, the geothermal gradient may exhibit non-linear changes. This non-linear change may be caused by strong groundwater activity, differences in the thermal conductivity of rocks, or instability in geological structures. In non-linear zones, the geothermal gradient may suddenly increase or decrease with increasing depth, forming obvious abrupt change points. These abrupt change points often reflect significant changes in strata structure or thermal conductivity. In deeper strata, especially far from areas of groundwater activity and complex geological structures, the geothermal gradient may exhibit a linear trend. This linear trend reflects the stability and uniformity of the strata's thermal conductivity. In linear zones, the geothermal gradient gradually increases or decreases with increasing depth, but the rate of change is relatively stable. This stable geothermal gradient trend provides important evidence for geological stratification.

[0081] Specifically, in this embodiment, it is necessary to further identify abrupt changes in the geothermal gradient with depth within the nonlinear variation region. These abrupt changes typically manifest as sudden increases or decreases in the geothermal gradient value. The abrupt changes can be determined using mathematical methods (such as derivative analysis, curve fitting, etc.) or geological methods (such as geological structural analysis, etc.). In the strata below the abrupt changes, the trend of geothermal gradient variation with depth is observed and analyzed. If the geothermal gradient exhibits a stable linear trend, this area can be considered the lower strata. By calculating the geothermal gradient values ​​of the lower strata, the thermal conductivity and geological structural characteristics of this stratum can be further understood.

[0082] Based on the first and / or second embodiments of this application, in the third embodiment of this application, the content that is the same as or similar to that in embodiments one and two above can be referred to the above description, and will not be repeated hereafter. Based on this, please refer to... Figure 3 In this embodiment, step S20, the step of determining the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum based on the average geothermal gradient of the upper stratum and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper stratum, further includes:

[0083] Step S21: Calculate the average geothermal gradient of the upper strata based on the calculated geothermal gradients of each interval of the upper strata.

[0084] Step S22: Calculate the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata based on the thermal conductivity and thickness ratio of different lithologies obtained from the test.

[0085] Step S23: Calculate the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum based on the calculated average geothermal gradient and harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper stratum.

[0086] It should be noted that surface heat flow is a crucial parameter describing the heat transfer and distribution within the Earth. These parameters not only reflect the Earth's internal thermal structure but also provide important guidance for geothermal resource development, oil and gas exploration, and geological hazard prediction. Therefore, accurate measurement and calculation of these parameters are essential for understanding the Earth's internal thermal processes and guiding related applications. The following is a detailed description of the steps described above:

[0087] Step S21: First, geothermal measurement data for the target area needs to be collected. This data is typically obtained through drilling, tunneling, or seabed measurements. The data should include temperature values ​​at different depths and corresponding stratigraphic information. The upper strata are divided into several depth intervals from the near-surface isothermal zone to the stratification interface. Each interval should be representative and reflect the geothermal gradient characteristics of that interval. The isothermal zone refers to a zone where the temperature remains essentially constant at a certain depth underground. This is usually below 20-30m and, unlike surface temperatures, is unaffected by seasonal temperature variations. Therefore, this zone is used as the top surface for calculating surface heat flow. Within each depth interval, the geothermal gradient is calculated based on the temperature value and depth. This can be achieved through linear regression, nonlinear fitting, or other mathematical methods. The geothermal gradient values ​​from all intervals are averaged to obtain the average geothermal gradient of the upper strata. This value will be used for subsequent surface heat flow calculations.

[0088] Step S22 involves identifying different lithologies in the upper strata through geological exploration and core analysis. Then, thermal conductivity meters are used to test samples of different lithologies, obtaining their thermal conductivity values. The thickness of each stratum is measured using drilling data and geological profiles. The thickness percentage of each stratum in the upper strata is then calculated. Based on the thermal conductivity values ​​and thickness percentages of each lithology, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata is calculated using a harmonic mean formula. This harmonic mean formula considers the contribution of different lithologies to heat conduction, providing a more accurate reflection of the overall thermal conductivity of the strata.

[0089] Step S23: The average geothermal gradient calculated in step S21 and the harmonic thermal conductivity calculated in step S22 are used as input parameters. The above parameters are substituted into the geodetic heat flow calculation formula to calculate the measured surface heat flow of the upper strata. The surface heat flow calculation formula is usually based on Fourier's law of heat conduction, taking into account the heat transfer process in the strata. The calculation results are compared with existing geological data or research findings to verify their accuracy and reliability. If discrepancies exist, the results can be corrected and optimized based on geological knowledge and actual conditions.

[0090] Based on the first and / or second and / or third embodiments of this application, in the fourth embodiment of this application, the content that is the same as or similar to the above-described embodiments one, two, and three can be referred to the above description and will not be repeated hereafter. Based on this, please refer to... Figure 4 In this embodiment, step S30, the step of determining the pure heat conduction surface heat flow based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower stratum, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower stratum, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper stratum, further includes:

[0091] Step S31: Calculate the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata based on the calculated geothermal gradient of each interval of the lower strata.

[0092] Step S32: Calculate the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata based on the thermal conductivity and thickness ratio of different lithologies obtained from the test.

[0093] Step S33: Calculate the radioactive element heat generation of the upper strata based on the heat generation rate and thickness of the different lithologies obtained from the test.

[0094] Step S34: Calculate the pure heat conduction surface heat flow based on the calculated average geothermal gradient of the lower stratum, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower stratum, and the heat generated by radioactive elements in the upper stratum.

[0095] Specifically, in this embodiment, determining the surface heat flow through pure thermal conduction is a complex and crucial process in geological and geothermal studies. This process requires consideration not only of the thermal conductivity of the strata but also of the impact of radioactive element heat generation on the geothermal heat flow. The following is a detailed description of the steps involved in this process:

[0096] Step S31 involves dividing the lower formation into several depth intervals from the layer interface to the bottom of the well. Each interval should be representative and reflect the geothermal gradient characteristics of that interval. Within each depth interval, the geothermal gradient is calculated based on the temperature value and depth. This can be achieved through linear regression, nonlinear fitting, or other mathematical methods. The geothermal gradient values ​​of all intervals are averaged to obtain the average geothermal gradient of the lower formation. This value will be used for subsequent heat flow calculations at the top of the layer interface.

[0097] Step S32 involves identifying different lithologies in the lower strata through geological exploration and core analysis. Then, thermal conductivity meters are used to test samples of different lithologies, obtaining their thermal conductivity values. The thickness of each stratum is measured using drilling data and geological profiles. The thickness percentage of each stratum in the lower strata is then calculated. Based on the thermal conductivity values ​​and thickness percentages of each lithology, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata is calculated using a harmonic mean formula. This step is similar to the method used in step S22 for calculating the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata.

[0098] Step S33: First, it is necessary to identify the types of radioactive elements abundant in the upper strata, such as uranium, thorium, and potassium. Then, these elements are tested using a radiometric analyzer to obtain their content and radioactive decay rate. Based on the content and decay rate of the radioactive elements, the heat generation rate of each element can be calculated using internationally recognized formulas. Based on the heat generation rate and thickness of each lithology, a weighted average formula is used to calculate the radioactive heat production of the upper strata. This step considers the contribution of different lithologies to the radioactive heat production.

[0099] Step S34 involves using the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata calculated in step S31, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata calculated in step S32, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper strata calculated in step S33 as input parameters. A surface heat flow calculation model is used, substituting these parameters into the model to calculate the surface heat flow through pure heat conduction. This model is typically based on Fourier's law of heat conduction and considers the influence of radioactive element heat production on surface heat flow. The calculation results are compared with existing geological data or research findings to verify their accuracy and reliability. If discrepancies exist, the results can be corrected and optimized based on geological knowledge and actual conditions.

[0100] Based on the first and / or second and / or third and / or fourth embodiments of this application, in the fifth embodiment of this application, the content that is the same as or similar to the above-described embodiments one, two, three, and four can be referred to the above description and will not be repeated hereafter. Based on this, in this embodiment, please refer to... Figure 5 Step S40, the step of determining the thermal convection value of the stratum based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow, further includes:

[0101] Step S41: Calculate the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow of the stratum based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow of the stratum.

[0102] Step S42: Based on the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow of the stratum, the thermal convection effect of the upper stratum is quantitatively characterized.

[0103] Specifically, in exploring geothermal resource assessment and development, accurate measurement and analysis of surface heat flow is crucial. Surface heat flow not only reveals the Earth's ability to transfer heat from its interior to its surface but also provides important clues about the distribution and potential of geothermal resources. The following is a detailed description of the steps involved in this process:

[0104] Step S41: In complex geological structures, surface heat flow may be determined by multiple heat transfer mechanisms, among which heat conduction and heat convection are two of the most critical. When calculating the difference, it is necessary to process the measured surface heat flow data from the upper strata and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow data accordingly, and then calculate their difference. This difference reflects the impact of heat transfer mechanisms other than pure heat conduction (mainly convection) on surface heat flow.

[0105] When calculating thermal convection values, a scaling factor k needs to be determined based on geological conditions and geothermal exploration experience. This factor reflects the proportional relationship between the thermal convection effect and the difference ΔQ. By selecting an appropriate scaling factor k, a more accurate thermal convection value can be obtained. After obtaining the thermal convection value, it needs to be verified and corrected. This can be achieved by comparing the results with those of other geothermal exploration methods. If the results of the two methods differ significantly, the thermal convection value needs to be corrected. The correction method depends on the specific circumstances; for example, it can be done by adjusting the scaling factor k, re-measuring surface heat flow and pure thermal conduction surface heat flow data, etc.

[0106] Step S42, the heat convection value refers to the proportion or absolute value of the heat transferred due to the heat convection effect to the total heat. It reflects the degree of contribution of heat convection to the surface heat flow.

[0107] Based on the difference ΔQ calculated in step S41, and considering geological conditions and geothermal exploration experience, a suitable scaling factor k (or thermal convection coefficient) is determined to convert the difference ΔQ into the thermal convection value Q_convection. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0108] Q_convection = k × ΔQ;

[0109] The thermal convection effect of the upper strata is quantitatively characterized by the calculated thermal convection value Q_convection. This can be achieved by plotting the spatial distribution and time series of thermal convection values. The thermal convection value is compared with measured surface heat flow and purely conductive surface heat flow to explore the relative importance of the thermal convection effect in surface heat flow. The influence of geological structure, rock type, and the degree of fault and fracture development on the thermal convection effect is analyzed. These factors may affect the flow path and velocity of groundwater, thus affecting the intensity of the thermal convection effect. The influence of groundwater activity on the thermal convection effect is explored. As one of the main carriers of thermal convection, the flow state, temperature, and chemical composition of groundwater all affect the thermal convection effect. The influence of magmatic activity on the thermal convection effect is analyzed. Magmatic activity may provide additional heat sources and change the flow state and temperature distribution of groundwater, thus affecting the thermal convection effect.

[0110] It is particularly important to note that the accuracy and reliability of the heat convection values ​​are ensured by comparing and verifying the results with those of other geothermal exploration methods (such as geothermal gradient measurement, geothermal flow measurement, and geothermal well temperature measurement). If the verification results show a significant deviation between the heat convection values ​​and the actual situation, the proportionality coefficient k needs to be adjusted or the difference ΔQ needs to be recalculated to obtain more accurate heat convection values.

[0111] Further, in this embodiment, the method includes:

[0112] The thermal conductivity of the different lithologies was obtained based on the test and analysis of the thermophysical parameters.

[0113] The heat generation rate of the different lithologies was obtained by testing the content of radioactive heat-generating elements.

[0114] Specifically, in this embodiment, the thermal properties of rocks and the content of radioactive heat-generating elements are important basic data for assessing the underground thermal environment, predicting geothermal resource potential, designing engineering schemes, and studying the thermal evolution process inside the Earth. The following is a detailed description of the above steps:

[0115] The testing of thermal properties of rocks mainly includes thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity. Among these, thermal conductivity is one of the most critical parameters. The testing principle and method for thermal conductivity are related, and different testing methods have different principles.

[0116] Based on the research objectives and geological background, representative rock samples were selected for collection. Factors such as lithology, structure, texture, and degree of weathering should be considered during sampling. The collected rock samples were cleaned, dried, cut, and polished to ensure a smooth, crack-free, and contaminated surface. Simultaneously, the samples were processed into suitable sizes and shapes according to the requirements of the testing instruments. The steady-state method applies a constant temperature gradient to both ends of the rock sample, measures the internal temperature distribution and heat transfer rate, and calculates the thermal conductivity based on Fourier's law of heat conduction. This method is time-consuming but yields accurate and reliable results. The transient method uses a heat source to rapidly heat or cool the rock sample, measures the temperature change and time response of the sample surface, and calculates the thermal conductivity using an inversion algorithm. This method is fast but is significantly affected by sample size, shape, and testing conditions. Necessary corrections were performed on the test data, including temperature correction, time correction, and instrument error correction, to ensure the accuracy of the results. Based on the test data, the thermal conductivity of rocks of different lithologies was calculated, and their distribution patterns and influencing factors were analyzed. Simultaneously, the test results were compared and verified with literature data to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the tests. Rocks of different lithologies exhibit significant differences in thermal conductivity due to variations in their mineral composition, structure, and texture. The thermal conductivity of rocks typically decreases with increasing temperature. This is because high temperatures cause changes in the internal microstructure and chemical bonds of rocks, thus affecting heat transfer efficiency. Water within the rock pores also influences its thermal conductivity. Water can act as a medium for heat conduction in porous media, and its thermal conductivity is generally higher than that of rocks. Therefore, the water content of the rock must be fully considered during the testing process.

[0117] Radiogenerating elements refer to elements in rocks that possess radioactive decay capabilities, such as uranium (U), thorium (Th), and potassium (K). These elements release energy during decay, becoming important heat sources in the underground thermal environment. Neutron activation analysis utilizes neutron bombardment of elements in rock samples, causing nuclear reactions and releasing characteristic radiation. By measuring the intensity of this radiation, the content of radiogenerating elements in the rock can be calculated. This method has advantages such as high sensitivity, high accuracy, and the ability to analyze multiple elements simultaneously. Gamma ray spectroscopy utilizes the gamma rays released during the decay of radioactive elements. By measuring the intensity and energy distribution of gamma rays in a rock sample, the content of radiogenerating elements in the rock can be calculated. This method is simple, rapid, and non-destructive to the sample. Chemical analysis extracts radiogenerating elements from rock samples using chemical methods and performs quantitative determination. Although this method is complex and time-consuming, it yields relatively accurate results.

[0118] Necessary corrections were performed on the test data, including background correction, instrument error correction, and sample quality correction, to ensure the accuracy of the test results. Based on the test data, the content of radiogenerating elements in rocks of different lithologies was calculated, and their distribution patterns and influencing factors were analyzed. Simultaneously, the test results were compared and verified with literature data to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the tests. The heat generation rate of the rocks was calculated based on parameters such as the content of radiogenerating elements and decay constants. The magnitude of the heat generation rate reflects the amount of heat generated within the rock due to radioactive decay.

[0119] Different lithologies exhibit significant differences in the content and distribution of radiogenerating elements due to variations in their mineral composition and chemical composition. Therefore, rocks of different lithologies have different heat generation rates. Geological structures have a significant impact on the distribution and migration of radiogenerating elements. For example, fault zones and areas of magmatic activity typically have higher contents and heat generation rates of radiogenerating elements. Weathering alters the mineral composition and chemical composition of rocks, thus affecting the content and distribution of radiogenerating elements. Therefore, in areas with intense weathering, the heat generation rate of rocks may change. By measuring the thermal conductivity and heat generation rate of rocks of different lithologies, the potential and distribution patterns of geothermal resources can be assessed. This is of great significance for the development and utilization of geothermal resources.

[0120] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes an apparatus for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects. This apparatus employs all embodiments of the methods for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects described above. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the apparatus for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects provided in this application are the same as those provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features of the apparatus are the same as those disclosed in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0121] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects. The anti-magnetic bias device employs all embodiments of the device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects described above. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects provided in this application are the same as those of the device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features of the device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects are the same as those disclosed in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0122] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Based on the obtained geothermal gradient, the layering interface between the upper and lower strata is determined; The measured surface heat flow of the upper strata is determined based on the average geothermal gradient and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata. The surface heat flow of pure heat conduction is determined based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper strata. The thermal convection value of the upper stratum is determined based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the surface heat flow of pure thermal conduction.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the layering interface between the upper and lower strata based on the obtained geothermal gradient further includes: Continuous temperature data from wellhead to bottom is obtained through steady-state temperature measurement. Based on continuous temperature data from wellhead to bottom, calculate the geothermal gradient at preset intervals from wellhead to bottom; Based on the characteristics of the change in geothermal gradient with depth in each interval, the layering interface between the upper strata and the lower strata is determined.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the stratigraphic interface between the upper and lower strata based on the characteristics of the geothermal gradient variation with depth in each interval further includes: When the upper stratum temperature in a predetermined range exhibits a nonlinear change with depth, it is determined that the geothermal gradient in the predetermined range undergoes abrupt changes with depth. When the temperature of the lower strata in the preset interval shows a linear trend and there is no significant abrupt change in the geothermal gradient of the preset interval, the interface of the preset interval is determined to be the layering interface between the upper and lower strata.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum based on the average geothermal gradient and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper stratum further includes: Based on the calculated geothermal gradients of each interval of the upper strata, the average geothermal gradient of the upper strata is calculated. Based on the thermal conductivity and thickness percentage of different lithologies in the upper strata obtained from the tests, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata is calculated. Based on the calculated average geothermal gradient and harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper strata, the measured surface heat flow of the upper strata is calculated.

5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the surface heat flow through pure heat conduction based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper strata further includes: Based on the calculated geothermal gradients of each interval in the lower strata, the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata is calculated. Based on the thermal conductivity and thickness percentage of different lithologies in the lower strata obtained from the tests, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata is calculated. Based on the heat generation rate and thickness of the different lithologies of the upper strata obtained from the tests, the radioactive element heat generation of the upper strata is calculated. The surface heat flow of pure heat conduction is calculated based on the calculated average geothermal gradient and harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, as well as the heat generated by radioactive elements in the upper strata.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the thermal convection value of the stratum based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow further includes: Based on the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow, calculate the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the pure heat conduction surface heat flow of the stratum. The thermal convection effect of the upper strata is quantitatively characterized by the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper strata and the pure thermal conduction surface heat flow of the strata.

7. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: The thermal conductivity of the different lithologies was obtained based on the test and analysis of the thermophysical parameters. The heat generation rate of the different lithologies was obtained by testing the content of radioactive heat-generating elements.

8. A device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, characterized in that, The device includes: a stratigraphic boundary determination module, a measured surface heat flow calculation module, a pure heat conduction surface heat flow calculation module, and a quantitative characterization module; The stratigraphic boundary determination module determines the stratigraphic interface between the upper and lower strata based on the obtained geothermal gradient. The measured surface heat flow calculation module determines the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum based on the average geothermal gradient and the harmonic thermal conductivity of the upper stratum. The pure heat conduction surface heat flow calculation module determines the pure heat conduction surface heat flow based on the average geothermal gradient of the lower strata, the harmonic thermal conductivity of the lower strata, and the radioactive element heat production of the upper strata. The quantitative characterization module determines the thermal convection value of the upper stratum based on the difference between the measured surface heat flow of the upper stratum and the surface heat flow of pure thermal conduction.

9. A device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, characterized in that, The device for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects includes: a memory, a processor, and a processing program for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processing program for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for quantitatively characterizing formation thermal convection effects as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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