A high-voltage cable defect localization system and method based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of defect detection technology, specifically to a high-voltage cable defect location system and method based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array. The system includes a signal main peak acquisition module, a lateral deviation calculation module, an excitation timing optimization module, a main peak spatial focusing module, and a focusing area control module. This invention utilizes a multi-element spatial collaborative acquisition method of a two-dimensional ultrasonic array. It constructs a signal spatial mapping relationship through the main peak timing characteristics, combines path difference parameters to achieve fine analysis of the propagation characteristics of multi-source signals, optimizes the excitation timing and array spatial response structure by adjusting the excitation sequence, periodically determines spatial convergence indices, identifies the main peak focusing state of the defect area, and dynamically adjusts the element weight distribution to improve the signal response capability of specific spatial areas. The spatial location of the defect area is thus clearly distinguished, effectively improving the resolution and accuracy of multi-point defect location in complex cable structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of defect detection technology, and in particular to a high-voltage cable defect location system and method based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array. Background Technology

[0002] The field of defect detection involves identifying, locating, and classifying potential defects in materials, structures, or equipment. This includes techniques such as image acquisition, data analysis, and target recognition and localization, used to improve the reliability, safety, and stability of industrial products or systems. It is widely applied in industries such as manufacturing, power, transportation, and aviation. Traditional high-voltage cable defect location systems utilize sensors to acquire cable status information and monitor the cable's operating status using methods such as sound waves, electromagnetic waves, or infrared imaging to determine whether internal defects such as breakage, breakdown, air gaps, or partial discharge exist within the cable.

[0003] Existing high-voltage cable defect location systems are limited by single-point or limited signal acquisition. The path changes of signals are uncontrollable when they propagate through multi-layer insulation and metal shielding structures, and it is difficult to distinguish between reflected and interference signals. As a result, the true spatial distribution characteristics of defects cannot be effectively restored. Multiple reflection points inside the cable can easily cause signal aliasing, and there are errors in the location of the main peak of the echo data. In actual detection, the defect location resolution is limited, making it difficult to adapt to complex cable structures and variable operating conditions. It is very easy to miss or misjudge minor defects and multiple defect environments. Defect investigation and hidden danger handling during operation and maintenance are hindered by insufficient signal analysis capabilities, and there are risks and hidden dangers in overall safety monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a high-voltage cable defect location system and method based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array, the system comprising: The signal peak acquisition module is based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor. It analyzes the excitation sequence of array elements, determines the response position of array elements on the inspection platform, compares the main peak of the array element echo signal with the background fluctuation, identifies signal characteristics, and obtains the timing characteristics of the main peak. The lateral deviation calculation module calculates the change in the main peak time point of each array element based on the main peak timing characteristics, compares the excitation sequence, and analyzes the differences in the signal transmission path of the cable body by detecting the starting point of the array element signal response, thereby obtaining the path difference parameters. Based on the path difference parameters, the excitation timing optimization module identifies array element pairs with significant propagation deviations, analyzes the array element number and time interval adjustment space, and, in conjunction with the distribution of the cable's metal shielding layer, determines the matching status of the excitation sequence and space to obtain the excitation adjustment sequence. Based on the excitation adjustment sequence, the main peak spatial focusing module analyzes the new echo main peak obtained after the array element excitation, identifies the array elements whose main peak response changes, compares the changes in the lateral coordinates of the main peak, judges the trend of coordinate changes, and obtains the spatial convergence index. Based on the spatial convergence index, the focusing area control module adjusts the associated array elements in the target area, analyzes the excitation response of the array elements, determines the consistency between the state and the array control requirements, updates the control parameters, and obtains the array element weight distribution information.

[0006] The present invention is improved in that the main peak timing characteristics include the main peak occurrence time, the main peak signal amplitude, and timing stability; the path difference parameters include the signal path length, the main peak offset, and the path consistency index; the excitation adjustment sequence includes the array element excitation sequence number, timing adjustment parameters, and response sequence distribution; the spatial convergence index includes the spatial focusing center, focusing area, and convergence degree; and the array element weight distribution information includes the array element weight factor, excitation priority, and control distribution state.

[0007] The present invention is improved in that the signal main peak acquisition module includes: The response position extraction submodule is based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor. It analyzes the excitation sequence of array elements, determines the echo signal acquisition time of each array element in the excitation sequence, calculates the correspondence between the array element number and the spatial arrangement order, determines the physical response position of each array element, and obtains the array element response position sequence. The main peak feature identification submodule compares the echo signal waveforms of each array element based on the array element response position sequence, determines the waveform segment with concentrated energy as the main peak region, compares the amplitude changes of the main peak region with the background fluctuation region, identifies the signal segments with amplitude changes, and obtains the main peak signal feature group. The timing relationship determination submodule calculates the correspondence between the time point of the main peak's appearance and the array element number based on the main peak signal feature group, compares the array element excitation order with the main peak signal arrival order, determines the time interval of the main peak response, and obtains the main peak timing characteristics.

[0008] The present invention is improved in that the lateral deviation calculation module includes: The main peak difference calculation submodule calculates the interval of the main peak occurrence time of each array element based on the main peak time sequence characteristics, compares the array element order in the excitation sequence with the main peak response order, determines the offset state of the main peak response in the time distribution, classifies the difference of the main peak time point among array elements, and obtains the main peak offset distribution sequence. The response start point analysis submodule calculates the start time interval of the main peak response of each array element based on the main peak offset distribution sequence. Combining the spatial positional relationship of the array elements in the array grid, it compares the first response time of the signal between array elements with the spatial arrangement order, identifies the changes in the signal lateral propagation process, and obtains the lateral propagation difference index. The path influence merging submodule, based on the lateral propagation difference index, organizes the spatial arrangement of array elements, compares the correspondence between signal path length changes and main peak time offset, summarizes the difference characteristics of each spatial path, sorts the lateral difference performance of array elements, and obtains path difference parameters.

[0009] The present invention is improved in that the excitation timing optimization module includes: The propagation deviation identification submodule analyzes the temporal differences of the main peak response between array elements based on the path difference parameters. By comparing the timing of the main peak response, it judges the deviation characteristics of the main peak response in the array element combination, identifies array element combinations with prominent main peak response variation range, and obtains the propagation deviation degree array. The numbering interval analysis submodule calculates the timing difference of the main peak response corresponding to the array element numbering sequence based on the propagation deviation array, compares the main peak response position interval with the numbering interval and path length of each combination, and jointly analyzes the relationship between the main peak response offset and the numbering interval to obtain the excitation timing adjustment range. The sequence matching judgment submodule determines the correspondence between the excitation number sequence of the array elements and the spatial distribution of the cable metal shielding layer based on the excitation timing adjustment range, analyzes the differences between the spatial arrangement of the array elements and the position of the shielding structure, identifies the numbering and structural offset characteristics, optimizes the array control parameters, and obtains the excitation adjustment sequence.

[0010] The present invention is improved in that the main peak spatial focusing module includes: The main peak response extraction submodule analyzes the array element excitation sequence and echo signal main peak information based on the excitation adjustment sequence, compares the amplitude and lateral coordinate of the main peak response of each array element, judges the changes in the amplitude and lateral coordinate of the main peak response within adjacent detection periods, identifies array elements with prominent changes in the main peak response, and obtains a set of array elements with changes in the main peak response. The lateral coordinate variation analysis submodule, based on the set of array elements showing the main peak response variation, calculates the variation amplitude of the main peak's lateral coordinate in each detection cycle, analyzes the difference in the main peak's lateral coordinate for each array element, and uses the following formula: ; Obtain the lateral offset coefficient of the main peak ,in, This indicates the number of array elements that change the main peak response. Indicates the first The horizontal coordinate of the main peak in this period of detection for each array element Indicates the first The horizontal coordinate of the main peak in the previous detection cycle for each array element. Indicates the first The lateral distance between each array element and the center point of the array, among which The corresponding spatial distance reference array element number is used. Indicates the first The time point at which the main peak response of each array element appears; The spatial concentration area summarization submodule compares the lateral aggregation status of the main peak response of each array element based on the lateral offset coefficient of the main peak, determines the array element region with lateral coordinate changes, and summarizes the spatial aggregation segment of each main peak response to obtain the spatial convergence index.

[0011] The present invention is improved in that the focusing area control module includes: The target array element adjustment submodule analyzes the numbering and spatial distribution of associated array elements within the target area based on the spatial convergence index, adjusts the excitation order and excitation response content of the associated array elements, identifies key array elements that affect the focusing effect of the target area, and obtains target area adjustment information. The state consistency judgment submodule analyzes the real-time state of the excitation response of each array element based on the target area adjustment information, compares the matching relationship between the array element state and the ultrasonic array control requirements and echo signal processing requirements, judges the consistency of the control state of the associated array elements, and obtains the array element state consistency parameters. The weight distribution optimization submodule optimizes the transmission command content of array elements within the target area based on the array element state consistency parameters, adjusts the array element excitation and control parameter data, calculates the weight distribution and priority ranking of each array element within the target area, and obtains the array element weight distribution information.

[0012] The present invention is improved in that the excitation sequence of the array elements refers to the arrangement of the excitation time and order of each transmitting or receiving array element in the two-dimensional ultrasonic array, the change in the main peak time point refers to the time difference of the main peak signal collected by different array elements, and the signal response start point refers to the position where the ultrasonic signal is first detected to be reflected on a certain array element.

[0013] A method for locating defects in high-voltage cables based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array, wherein the method is executed based on the aforementioned high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array, and includes the following steps: S1: Based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor, analyze the excitation sequence of array elements, determine the response position of array elements on the inspection platform, compare the main peak of the array element echo signal with the background fluctuation, identify signal characteristics, and obtain the timing characteristics of the main peak. S2: Based on the main peak timing characteristics, calculate the change in the main peak time point of each array element, compare the excitation sequence, and analyze the differences in the signal transmission path of the cable body by detecting the starting point of the array element signal response to obtain the path difference parameters. S3: Based on the path difference parameters, identify array element pairs with prominent propagation deviations, analyze the array element number and time interval adjustment space, and combine the distribution of the cable metal shielding layer to determine the excitation sequence and spatial matching, and obtain the excitation adjustment sequence. S4: Based on the excitation adjustment sequence, analyze the new echo peak obtained after the array element excitation, identify the array elements whose peak response changes, compare the changes in the horizontal coordinates of the peak, determine the trend of coordinate changes, and obtain the spatial convergence index. S5: Based on the spatial convergence index, adjust the associated array elements in the target region, analyze the array element excitation response, determine the consistency between the state and the array control requirements, update the control parameters, and obtain the array element weight distribution information.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, a two-dimensional ultrasonic array multi-element spatial collaborative acquisition method is used. By constructing a signal spatial mapping relationship through the main peak temporal characteristics, and combining path difference parameters, a fine analysis of the propagation characteristics of multi-source signals is achieved. The excitation timing and array spatial response structure are optimized by adjusting the excitation sequence. The spatial convergence index is periodically judged to identify the main peak focusing state of the defect area. The array element weight distribution is dynamically adjusted to improve the signal response capability of specific spatial areas. The spatial location of the defect area is thus clearly distinguished, effectively improving the resolution and accuracy of multi-point defect location under complex cable structures. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a system flowchart of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the signal main peak acquisition module in this invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the lateral deviation calculation module in this invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the excitation timing optimization module in this invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the main peak spatial focusing module in this invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the focused area control module in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0018] All user-related information involved in this invention (including but not limited to biometric information, identity verification information, behavioral data, device information, and other data that can be used for identity verification and personalized services) is collected and processed with the user's full knowledge and voluntary consent. The collection, storage, and use of all information strictly comply with applicable national and regional laws and regulations, and meet relevant data protection standards and policy requirements. The use of data is limited to purposes necessary for providing the technical services of this invention, and reasonable technical and management measures will be taken to ensure the security and confidentiality of users' personal information in terms of information protection and privacy.

[0019] Example: Please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array, comprising: The signal peak acquisition module is based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor. It analyzes the excitation sequence of array elements, determines the response position of each array element in the excitation sequence, compares the main peak of the echo signal received by the array elements with the background fluctuation, identifies the signal characteristics corresponding to the time point by statistically analyzing the changes in amplitude parameters, and determines the mapping relationship between the array element number and the time point to obtain the timing characteristics of the main peak. The lateral deviation calculation module calculates the change in the main peak time point between each array element based on the main peak timing characteristics, compares the order of array element excitation, analyzes the differences in signal transmission paths in the cable by detecting the signal response start point between array elements, judges the impact of path length on lateral propagation, and merges and organizes the lateral differences according to the array element spatial order to obtain path difference parameters. The excitation timing optimization module identifies array element pairs with significant propagation deviations based on path difference parameters, analyzes the adjustment space of array element numbering and time interval, and, combined with the distribution of the cable metal shielding layer in the array, determines the matching of array element excitation sequence with space, optimizes array control parameters, and obtains the excitation adjustment sequence. The main peak spatial focusing module analyzes the new echo main peak obtained after array element excitation based on the excitation adjustment sequence, identifies array elements with large changes in main peak response, judges the trend of coordinate variation with period by comparing the changes in the lateral coordinates of the main peak in the array grid, summarizes the projection concentration area, and outputs the convergence result identifier to obtain the spatial convergence index. The focused area control module adjusts the associated array elements within the target area based on the spatial convergence index, analyzes the array element excitation response, judges the consistency between the array element state and the control and echo processing requirements of the ultrasonic array, optimizes the array element transmission command content, updates the control parameter data, and obtains the array element weight distribution information.

[0020] The timing characteristics of the main peak include the time of occurrence of the main peak, the amplitude of the main peak signal, and the timing stability. The path difference parameters include the signal path length, the main peak offset, and the path consistency index. The excitation adjustment sequence includes the array element excitation sequence number, the timing adjustment parameters, and the response sequence distribution. The spatial convergence index includes the spatial focus center, the focus area, and the degree of convergence. The array element weight distribution information includes the array element weight factor, the excitation priority, and the control distribution status.

[0021] In the signal peak acquisition module, the array element excitation sequence refers to the arrangement of the excitation time and order of each transmitting / receiving unit (array element) in the two-dimensional ultrasonic array, determining which array element receives the excitation signal at what time; the inspection platform refers to a mobile platform equipped with ultrasonic array detection equipment, usually a cable inspection vehicle, but can also be a portable detection device, serving as the carrier for actual on-site inspection and detection; the response position refers to the physical position of each array element in the excitation sequence and its corresponding signal reception time, reflecting the response of different array elements to the same excitation event; the echo signal peak refers to the peak with the strongest energy in the ultrasonic echo signal, usually reflecting the impact of ultrasonic waves on the structure inside the material. Reflections generated at interfaces with defects or flaws; background fluctuations refer to ordinary fluctuations in the signal not caused by special reflections from defects, structures, etc., and are a general term for noise and stray fluctuations in areas other than the main peak; amplitude parameter changes refer to the changes in the amplitude (intensity) of the echo signal as time or location changes, reflecting signal characteristics, noise levels, and reflection point characteristics; signal characteristics refer to the signal properties that can distinguish structures, defects, material layer interfaces, etc., obtained by analyzing the main peak, waveform, energy, etc., such as the amplitude, time, and shape of the main peak; mapping relationship refers to the one-to-one correspondence between the array element number and the signal characteristics it has acquired (such as the time point of the main peak), which is used for subsequent positioning and analysis.

[0022] In the lateral deviation calculation module, the change in the peak time point refers to the time difference in the appearance of the peak signal collected by different array elements, reflecting the different propagation times of the ultrasonic signal in different paths; the excitation sequence of array elements refers to the specific time order in which each array element is excited or sampled during the overall excitation and acquisition process, affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of the signal; the signal response starting point refers to the position where the ultrasonic signal is first detected as a reflection (or peak) on a certain array element, which is the basis for analyzing the starting point of the ultrasonic propagation path; the difference in signal transmission path refers to the different spatial paths that the ultrasonic wave takes when it travels from the excitation array element to each receiving array element, and the path changes due to different materials, structures, and defects; the impact of lateral propagation refers to the changes in physical quantities such as signal delay and amplitude when the ultrasonic signal crosses multiple array elements due to different paths, media, and interfaces; the array element spatial order refers to the physical arrangement order of each array element in the two-dimensional ultrasonic array, which is used to analyze lateral propagation and position calculation.

[0023] In the excitation timing optimization module, the array element pair with prominent propagation deviation refers to the pair of array elements with the largest difference in peak time or signal propagation path among all array element combinations, usually indicating anomalies or key analysis targets; adjustment space refers to the adjustable range or flexibility that can be achieved by changing the array element excitation timing under the current excitation configuration, which is a quantitative representation of the system's adaptive control capability; distribution in the array refers to the actual distribution of spatial structures such as metal shielding layers, defects, and heterogeneous materials in the physical space of the array inside the cable or on the array surface; spatial matching refers to the geometric / physical correspondence between array element excitation and the internal structure or material layer of the cable, reflecting whether the excitation configuration is aligned with the target area to be detected; array control parameters refer to the various setting parameters used to control the ultrasonic array's transmission, reception, signal processing, etc., such as excitation timing, excitation amplitude, sampling rate, etc.

[0024] In the main peak spatial focusing module, the new echo main peak refers to the main peak of the echo signal obtained after adjusting the excitation parameters, which is the data basis for spatial convergence judgment; the array element with large changes refers to the array element whose main peak response has changed significantly compared with the previous cycle or other array elements, reflecting the existence of structural anomalies or defects; the array grid refers to the spatial coordinate grid of the two-dimensional ultrasonic array, with each point corresponding to the position of an array element, used to map the spatial distribution of the signal main peak; the variation trend with the cycle refers to the trend of the coordinates or characteristics of the main peak signal at the same spatial point changing with time within multiple excitation acquisition cycles, which is often used for convergence or anomaly detection; the projection concentration area refers to the area where the main peak is projected onto the array grid with high concentration, reflecting the spatial location of defect or structural feature points.

[0025] In the focused area control module, the target area refers to the spatial region identified in the preceding analysis as requiring key attention and adjustment of excitation or analysis signals, corresponding to the location of defects within the cable. Array element excitation response refers to the echo signal response generated by the array elements according to excitation commands, used to detect and judge the reaction intensity and time of defect areas. The consistency of control requirements refers to whether the array element excitation and signal response states are consistent with the ultrasonic array control strategy and echo signal processing target requirements. Control parameter data refers to the set of parameters used to adjust the array element excitation states and signal processing flow, including timing, amplitude, and weights. Array element weight distribution information refers to the spatial configuration set of weight parameters such as transmit power, receive gain, and excitation priority set for different array elements in the process of array ultrasonic detection, targeting a suspected defect area within the cable. This information reflects which array elements have a higher participation in signal detection of specific spatial areas, transmit stronger energy, or are given greater analysis weights; thereby improving the detection sensitivity of key cable areas, suppressing irrelevant noise and false alarms, optimizing array collaborative scanning efficiency, and dynamically tracking defect changes.

[0026] Please see Figure 2 The main peak signal acquisition module includes: The response position extraction submodule is based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor. It analyzes the excitation sequence of array elements, determines the echo signal acquisition time of each array element in the excitation sequence, calculates the correspondence between the array element number and the spatial arrangement order, determines the physical response position of each array element, and obtains the array element response position sequence. The inspection platform issues an excitation sequence via the control module, activating all array elements sequentially according to their numbers. During excitation, the actual excitation time of each element is marked, and the time of the echo signal acquired after excitation is recorded. The location of the first significant fluctuation in the echo is identified as the element's response time. This response time, combined with the element's excitation time, allows the calculation of the propagation time for each element to receive the reflected signal. Subsequently, according to the preset array structure diagram, the element number is mapped one-to-one with its two-dimensional position on the array, establishing a sequence of number-spatial coordinates. For example, element number 17 corresponds to the position in the third row and first column of the array. This information is used to determine the element's layout in actual space. After the response time of all elements is extracted, it is combined with the element's position in the excitation sequence... The numbering order and array spatial arrangement order are used to determine the relative position of each array element's response time in the entire sequence, so as to establish the correlation between the response of each array element on the time axis and the spatial structure. Based on this, an array element response position sequence is generated. In actual operation, the time when each array element first detects a valid signal can be counted based on the timestamp in the echo recording data and recorded. While comparing multiple array elements, it is also necessary to remove pseudo-signal areas that are significantly delayed or earlier than the background fluctuations to ensure the accuracy of the results. For example, if the front array elements collect reflected signals in a short time after the inspection vehicle excites the array during cable detection, while the edge array elements respond with a delay, the position of the array elements in the excitation sequence can be calibrated by the time difference data, so that the response position sequence has repeatable measurement stability and consistency.

[0027] The main peak feature identification submodule compares the echo signal waveforms of each array element based on the array element response position sequence, determines the waveform segment with concentrated energy as the main peak region, compares the amplitude changes of the main peak region with the background fluctuation region, identifies the signal segments with amplitude changes, and obtains the main peak signal feature group. The complete waveforms of the echo signals from each array element are read one by one. By dividing the waveform data into time segments, the echo signals are divided into multiple consecutive segments of equal duration along the time axis. All signal amplitude points are extracted from each segment, the amplitudes are squared, and their average energy value is calculated. After obtaining the segment energy, the energy of all segments is compared, and the segment with the highest energy is selected as the main peak region. The waveform data within its time range is extracted as the main peak segment. To eliminate interference from non-main peak signals, the time periods before and after the main peak segment are also divided and extracted as background fluctuation segments. The average energy value of the background segments is evaluated and compared with the average energy value of the main peak segment. The significance of the main peak signal is determined by the difference between the two. When the difference exceeds a set threshold, the main peak is identified. The segment is a valid main peak signal. It also checks whether there are peak points in the main peak segment that are significantly higher than the average amplitude of the background to enhance the accuracy of identification. During the processing, this analysis is repeated for the waveform of each array element to form a main peak signal feature group. This feature group records the energy concentration location, amplitude, and comparison results with the background fluctuation of the main peak signal of each array element. For example, if there is a signal with a significantly higher energy density than the adjacent area in the waveform of a certain array element, and the peak value is much higher than the background segment, then the signal segment is marked as a main peak segment and included in the main peak feature. In the cable inspection scenario, this analysis process can effectively locate whether there are obvious interface or structural anomalies in a certain area and ensure that the extraction of the main peak feature is based on actual physical events rather than environmental noise interference.

[0028] The timing relationship determination submodule calculates the correspondence between the time point of the main peak's appearance and the array element number based on the main peak signal feature group, compares the array element excitation order with the main peak signal arrival order, determines the time interval of the main peak response, and obtains the main peak timing characteristics. Based on the peak occurrence time of each array element extracted from the peak signal feature group, each element is paired with its number to construct a correspondence sequence between element number and peak time. Then, the order in which array elements are excited in the excitation sequence is analyzed and compared with the actual occurrence order of the peak signal to determine if there are any discrepancies between the peak response and the excitation sequence. Pairwise comparisons of the peak occurrence times between each group of array elements are performed. If an array element with a smaller number has its peak signal appearing later, this pair is recorded as a timing misalignment. The response time intervals between all array elements are statistically analyzed to determine if the intervals are within the set error range. If the threshold is exceeded, it is marked as an anomaly with time misalignment. This type of analysis helps to further explore the potential propagation path change patterns in the echo signal. In actual operation, for example, when a certain array element is excited and only detects the main peak signal after a long delay, while its neighboring array elements obtain a clear main peak in a shorter time, the difference in the delay time constitutes an abnormal time interval. Through this time comparison operation, the temporal correspondence between each array element is sorted out one by one, and the main peak response sorting information of the entire array is summarized. In this way, the mapping between the excitation order and the main peak response time can be completely constructed to obtain the main peak temporal characteristics.

[0029] Please see Figure 3 The lateral deviation calculation module includes: The main peak difference calculation submodule calculates the interval of the main peak occurrence time of each array element based on the main peak time characteristics, compares the array element order in the excitation sequence with the main peak response order, determines the offset state of the main peak response in the time distribution, classifies the difference of the main peak time point among array elements, and obtains the main peak offset distribution sequence. The main peak time interval is extracted for any two adjacent array elements. First, the main peak response time of each array element in the main peak time series data is read. Adjacent array elements are sequentially numbered and paired, and their time intervals are calculated. By traversing the entire array, the main peak time interval data of all adjacent array elements is obtained. Then, this interval data is compared item by item with the array element order in the excitation sequence. If the array element excitation order is increasing from small to large, but the main peak response time shows that the array element with the larger number responds earlier than the array element with the smaller number, it is recorded as a main peak reverse order offset. In the further comparison process, the array elements are arranged in row priority or column priority manner, and a response order list is established. In the establishment of each response order, the response time and number pairing information are recorded, and discontinuous time jump points are found in the sequence. For each type of offset, the absolute value of the response time difference is used for... The data is grouped into rows, and an offset threshold is set to determine the offset status classification. The offset threshold is set based on the statistical values ​​of the first 90% of the time intervals in the normal operation dataset, generally set to 0.08 microseconds. When the response time interval exceeds this threshold, it is marked as a significant offset item. For example, if the main peak response time of array element number 12 is 23.04 microseconds and the response time of array element number 13 is 22.89 microseconds, then the main peak time interval is negative, indicating that the response is premature. Combined with the interval value of 0.15 microseconds, which has exceeded the set threshold, it is classified as a reverse offset, and its time jump point is marked. In the process of sorting, the main peak time of all array elements also needs to be normalized to eliminate the influence of the difference in excitation start time, so as to make the offset judgment more accurate. The main peak time differences between all array elements are arranged in order to construct the main peak offset distribution sequence.

[0030] The response start point analysis submodule calculates the start time interval of the main peak response of each array element based on the main peak offset distribution sequence. Combining the spatial positional relationship of the array elements in the array grid, it compares the first response time of the signal between array elements with the spatial arrangement order, identifies the changes in the signal lateral propagation process, and obtains the lateral propagation difference index. The initial peak response time of each array element is extracted. The response times are then combined according to the spatial coordinates of the element in the two-dimensional array, and compared one-to-one with the physical arrangement of the elements to construct a two-dimensional matrix of element response start times. The row and column coordinates of each element are labeled. For elements in the same column or row, the difference in the initial peak response time is calculated. During processing, the response times of each column or row of elements are arranged into a vector, and the response time difference between any two elements is calculated and recorded for lateral difference analysis. When a sudden change in the response time of an element is found in a certain direction, it is determined that there is an anomaly in the lateral transmission of the signal in that direction. The judgment is based on whether the response time difference between two adjacent elements continuously increases or decreases. If a sudden change in time exceeds... If the threshold is exceeded, it is recorded as a lateral difference node. This threshold is set as the typical background noise response fluctuation range extracted from multiple sets of experimental data. Under normal conditions, this range does not exceed 0.05 microseconds. If the response time difference between two array elements reaches 0.11 microseconds in actual detection, this value is used as an anomaly reference and added to the analysis record. Combined with the physical location of the array elements, the isochronous graph of the response start time is further drawn. If the isochronous graph shows obvious bending or offset from the geometric center, it is judged that there is a lateral offset behavior in the signal propagation process in this area. Then, the lateral abnormal data points are clustered and summarized to classify the propagation differences in different areas, and the lateral direction, offset degree and abnormal delay amplitude are recorded. The lateral propagation difference index is constructed through the above operations.

[0031] The path influence merging submodule, based on the lateral propagation difference index, organizes the spatial arrangement of array elements, compares the correspondence between signal path length changes and main peak time offset, summarizes the difference characteristics of each spatial path, sorts the lateral difference performance of array elements, and obtains path difference parameters. The spatial coordinates of each array element are read from the array grid. All array elements are arranged into a two-dimensional sequence according to spatial order. Then, the response time difference between each array element is extracted from the lateral difference index. For each pair of elements, a pairwise analysis is performed based on its physical distance in the array and the time difference. The length of the spatial propagation path is compared with the main peak response time offset. For example, for array elements A and B arranged in the same row, if A is on the left and B is on the right, with a distance of two array element spacing units between them, and the main peak response time B is significantly earlier than A, it is determined that the path has backpropagation characteristics. This type of information is recorded as a case where the path length and the main peak offset direction are inconsistent. Similar processing is then performed on all adjacent or near-neighbor array element combinations. The comparison results are summarized according to the spatial row and column coordinate order to summarize the differences of the same path. The features are combined and clustered and sorted. In the sorting process, they are first sorted according to the main peak time offset value, and then combined with the physical location to determine whether they are clustered in a specific area of ​​the array. When multiple consecutive array elements in a certain horizontal or vertical path group show a trend of early or delayed time response, the path group is determined to have significant path change features. The maximum time offset value and spatial span of the group are extracted as reference values ​​for path difference performance. The number, average time difference, spatial span and maximum delay information of each path group are output to form path difference parameters. For example, in a certain path group, 4 array elements are arranged linearly. The response time of the left array element is 25.10 microseconds and that of the right array element is 24.85 microseconds. There is a significant early response. It is recorded as an average time difference of 0.25 microseconds and a path span of 4 array elements.

[0032] Please see Figure 4 The excitation timing optimization module includes: The propagation deviation identification submodule analyzes the temporal differences of the main peak response among array elements based on the path difference parameters. By comparing the timing of the main peak response, it judges the deviation characteristics of the main peak response in the array element combination, identifies array element combinations with prominent main peak response variation range, and obtains the propagation deviation degree array. The peak response time difference of each array element pair is extracted from the path difference parameters, and its corresponding number and spatial coordinates are recorded. An array element combination list is constructed according to the ascending array element number. The peak response times of the two array elements in each combination are directly subtracted to obtain the time difference value. Then, the time difference data obtained from all array element combinations are normalized to remove edge interference caused by sampling errors. The standard deviation of the time difference of each combination is calculated. Array element combinations with a standard deviation greater than a set benchmark value are marked. The benchmark value is based on the known peak response fluctuation distribution range under the defect-free state of a standard cable body. The measured range is 0.06 microseconds. Therefore, a significant threshold for peak response time deviation is set at 0.08 microseconds. Array element combinations with deviation values ​​exceeding this threshold are filtered and recorded as response variations. The prominent combinations are then sorted by the degree of offset of all marked combinations. The offset combinations with the largest, second largest, and top 10% positions are extracted, and offset level tables are constructed accordingly, labeled as L1, L2, and L3. L1 is the severe offset group with a deviation exceeding 0.15 microseconds, L2 is the moderate offset group with a deviation between 0.10 and 0.15 microseconds, and L3 is the mild offset group with a deviation between 0.08 and 0.10 microseconds. In a specific example, if the main peak response time of array element number 22 is 25.23 microseconds and the response time of array element number 23 is 25.06 microseconds, the time difference between the two is 0.17 microseconds, which exceeds the L1 threshold and is recorded as an L1 level offset item. All offset items are numbered in an array and filled into the propagation deviation array according to the array element position index mapping relationship.

[0033] The numbering interval analysis submodule, based on the propagation deviation array, calculates the timing difference of the main peak response corresponding to the array element numbering sequence, compares the main peak response position interval with the numbering interval and path length for each combination, and jointly analyzes the relationship between the main peak response offset and the numbering interval, using the formula: ; The magnitude of the incentive timing adjustment ,in, Indicates the number of combinations of array element numbers. Indicates the first The difference in the position of the main peak response of the array elements Indicates the first The numbering span of array elements, Indicates the first The difference in path length between array elements, Indicates the first The propagation speed of array elements, Indicates the first The numbering sequence interval within the array element combination; The excitation timing adjustment magnitude refers to the time correction amount used to adjust the excitation timing of array elements after normalization and joint analysis, taking into account the differences in the main peak response time and spatial characteristics exhibited by different array element combinations. This is achieved by comprehensively considering multiple parameters such as the main peak response position offset, array element numbering span, path length, and propagation speed. This parameter reflects the overall adjustment required for the array element excitation timing in array control to achieve a better matching state of the main peak response of each array element in the time domain, based on the current structure and signal response characteristics. The magnitude reflects the excitation timing compensation requirements caused by the differences in physical structure and signal propagation of array element combinations, and is a key basis for adjusting and optimizing array excitation strategies. The propagation deviation array is invoked, and each array element combination recorded therein is processed one by one. For each combination, the difference in the main peak response position is extracted from the original ultrasonic detection data. Array element numbering span Path length difference speed of transmission and numbering interval The difference in the position of the main peak response is obtained from the difference in the timing of the main peak in the waveform signal, in microseconds; the difference in path length is calculated from the geometric layout between array elements, in meters; the propagation speed is measured to be a fixed 2100 meters per second; and the numbering span and numbering interval are dimensionless integers. Taking three typical array element combinations as examples, their original data are as follows: In combination 1 µs, , m、 m / s ; In combination 2 µs, , m、 m / s ; In combination 3 µs, , m、 m / s ; Minimum-maximum normalization method is used for dimensional parameters and After normalization, the corresponding value is: , , , , , Substitute the values ​​into the formula and calculate each term: In the first group: , The product of terms is 0; In the second group: , The product of terms is approximately 0.000149; In the third group: , The product of terms is 0; The sum of the numerators is ; The denominator is ; The timing adjustment range for the stimulus is: ; The control range for the adjustment range is divided into the following three ranges: when When the response difference between array elements is small, the timing adjustment requirement is low, and it belongs to the near-synchronous segment, so the current excitation order can be maintained; when When this occurs, it indicates that there is a certain level of response offset, which belongs to the adjustable control segment, and precise excitation compensation is required based on this result. when When the error occurs, it indicates a high degree of offset, belonging to a structural mismatch segment, requiring a reassessment of the array numbering configuration or partitioning strategy.

[0034] Current value It is currently within the "adjustable control segment", indicating that the path difference and numbering interval offset of the main peak response are within the system design tolerance range and can be compensated by adjusting the excitation control parameters without changing the array element arrangement or structure mapping method.

[0035] The sequence matching judgment submodule determines the correspondence between the excitation number sequence of array elements and the spatial distribution of the cable metal shielding layer based on the excitation timing adjustment amplitude, analyzes the differences between the spatial arrangement of array elements and the position of the shielding structure, identifies the numbering and structural offset characteristics, optimizes the array control parameters, and obtains the excitation adjustment sequence. Extract the excitation numbers of array elements and their corresponding adjusted time parameter sequences, and cross-match them with the spatial distribution of the metal shielding layer in the cable cross-section structural diagram. First, extract the physical coordinates of each array element from the array spatial arrangement table. Combine this with the two-dimensional array mapping diagram to overlap the array element number positions with the cable structure projection. Archive all array element numbers and their corresponding excitation times to construct an excitation number-time-coordinate triplet sequence. Then, extract the geometric boundary information of the metal shielding layer from the cable structure cross-section and perform spatial gridding according to the array element spacing to determine the array element numbers covered by each shielding layer area. Compare whether the excitation numbers of the array elements within the area are consecutive and whether the time interval is less than the set average time difference. In this step, an excitation number difference exceeding 4 and a time difference exceeding 0.12 microseconds are defined as a mismatch region. If the array element excitation numbers are found to be discontinuous in adjacent shielding layer areas, the area is marked as a structural number offset region. After the comparison is completed, the entire array is statistically analyzed. The number of offset regions for all structural numbers, the average number jump value, and the maximum excitation time difference are calculated. A number-to-structural offset mapping table is constructed according to the region number. The priority optimization sequence of regions is arranged in order of offset severity. During the optimization of control parameters, the excitation time of array elements in the structural number offset region is adjusted with a limit of ±0.15 microseconds. By finely adjusting the excitation time order forward or backward, the excitation time of array elements in the structure gradually becomes more continuous, generating the optimal excitation number sequence for structural matching and summarizing it into an excitation adjustment sequence. For example, if the metal shielding layer region where numbers 34, 35, and 36 are located has a number jump to 34, 38, and 36, the jump value is 4 and the time difference is 0.16 microseconds. This region is marked as an offset region and prioritized in the optimization sequence. After adjustment, the region excitation order is changed to 34, 35, and 36, and the delay step is uniformly controlled to 0.04 microseconds. The sequence is then updated to the standard output sequence.

[0036] Please see Figure 5 The main peak space focusing module includes: The main peak response extraction submodule analyzes the excitation sequence of array elements and the main peak information of the echo signal based on the excitation adjustment sequence, compares the amplitude and lateral coordinate of the main peak response of each array element, judges the changes in the amplitude and lateral coordinate of the main peak response within adjacent detection periods, identifies array elements with prominent changes in the main peak response, and obtains a set of array elements with changes in the main peak response. After each round of excitation, the actual excitation number and corresponding time identifier information of the array elements are retrieved. The peak amplitude and corresponding lateral coordinate data of the main peak in the echo signal are read, and a quadruple sequence of array element-excitation time-main peak amplitude-lateral coordinate is constructed. Based on this, the absolute difference of the main peak amplitude of the same array element in two adjacent detection cycles is calculated. At the same time, the change in its lateral coordinate is read and subtracted. The amplitude change value and the lateral coordinate change value are calculated separately and compared with the threshold to determine whether there is a significant change. The threshold for judging amplitude change is set to 1.5 times the maximum amplitude fluctuation value in the initial defect-free state. Based on the field statistical samples, this threshold is taken as 0.12V. The threshold for judging lateral coordinate change is set to one array element spacing unit. If the amplitude change is greater than If the amplitude changes by 0.12V or the lateral coordinate shift exceeds 1 unit, the main peak response of the array element is determined to have changed significantly. The array element numbers that meet the criteria are added to the change record table. Then, the frequency of the multi-cycle detection results of each array element is statistically analyzed. If an array element experiences more than 3 amplitude abrupt changes or lateral coordinate abrupt changes in 5 detection cycles, the array element is classified into the main peak response change array element set. In actual cable detection applications, for example, if the main peak amplitude of array element number 41 is 1.52V and 1.32V in cycle 1 and cycle 2, respectively, with a difference of 0.2V, which exceeds the set threshold and the lateral coordinate shift is 2 units, the array element is identified as a target with prominent main peak response changes and is included. All array element numbers, cycle numbers, amplitude differences, and lateral coordinate change values ​​with prominent changes are recorded.

[0037] The lateral coordinate variation analysis submodule, based on the array element set of main peak response variation, calculates the variation amplitude of the main peak's lateral coordinate in each detection cycle, analyzes the difference in the main peak's lateral coordinate for each element, and uses the following formula: ; Obtain the lateral offset coefficient of the main peak ,in, This indicates the number of array elements that change the main peak response. Indicates the first The horizontal coordinate of the main peak in this period of detection for each array element Indicates the first The horizontal coordinate of the main peak in the previous detection cycle for each array element. Indicates the first The lateral distance between each array element and the center point of the array, among which The corresponding spatial distance reference array element number is used. Indicates the first The time point at which the main peak response of each array element appears; The lateral offset coefficient of the main peak refers to the weighted average of the lateral coordinate changes of each array element in a multi-cycle detection. This is achieved by comparing the differences in the lateral coordinates of the main peak response change elements in the current cycle and the previous cycle, and by combining the lateral distance between the array element and the array center, as well as the time of occurrence of the main peak response. This coefficient reflects the overall characteristics of the lateral spatial offset of all array elements in the detection cycle. It can characterize the quantitative features of the array as a whole in the current detection cycle regarding the spatial focusing, offset, and changes of the main peak signal. It is an important indicator for measuring the spatial location and response consistency of defects inside the cable. The data of each array element in the main peak response change array set is called sequentially, and the lateral coordinate position of the main peak in the current period and the previous period is read. The change in lateral coordinates over two weeks is calculated, and the coordinate change is normalized according to the lateral distance between the array element and the array center using a proportional normalization method. At the same time, the occurrence time of the main peak response is substituted into the calculation to characterize the temporal distribution intensity of the offset. The steps to obtain the lateral offset coefficient of the main peak include three stages: difference calculation, spatial normalization processing, and time-weighted superposition. In practical applications, three sets of response change array elements are selected to participate in the calculation. The original parameters are as follows: The horizontal coordinate of array element 1 in this period Previous period coordinates Array center distance Peak response time ; The parameters of array element 2 are , , , ; The parameters of array element 3 are , , , , The denominator of the coordinate transformation is handled using proportional normalization. The normalized coordinate transformation terms are as follows: ; ; ; Keeping the response time term unchanged, substitute the above data into the formula and perform the following calculation: ; ; The lateral offset coefficient of the main peak is divided into the following three intervals: when When the time is defined as the low offset section, it means that the horizontal coordinate of the main peak is basically stable during the periodic change and the response coincidence is high. when At this time, it is defined as a medium offset segment, indicating that the main peak has a certain degree of lateral fluctuation in space, but the overall change is within the range of controllable directional aggregation; when When the peak response is defined as a high offset segment, it indicates that the main peak response exhibits a more obvious discrete trend in the horizontal direction, indicating the characteristics of structural disturbance or defect areas.

[0038] This result indicates that the lateral shift coefficient of the main peak in this cycle... Located in the medium offset range, the spatial variation trend of the main peak response has a certain amplitude but is not out of control. It is manifested that the main peak concentration area is undergoing periodic lateral displacement. This numerical result indicates that the main peak response has not yet formed a completely stable focusing area and still has a certain spatial adjustment elasticity, which is suitable for subsequent clustering and segmentation.

[0039] The spatial concentration area summarization submodule compares the lateral aggregation status of the main peak response of each array element based on the lateral offset coefficient of the main peak, determines the array element region with lateral coordinate changes, and summarizes the spatial aggregation segment of each main peak response to obtain the spatial convergence index. Extract the horizontal coordinate data of the main peak response of all array elements. Arrange all coordinate data in the array horizontal coordinate order from left to right. Count the number of array elements containing the main peak response at each horizontal coordinate position and generate a horizontal coordinate-array element number mapping table. Then calculate the difference between the number of array elements at each horizontal position and the number change between adjacent horizontal positions to determine whether there are regions with continuously increasing array element density in adjacent horizontal positions. If there are more than 3 consecutive coordinate regions with increasing array element numbers, and the maximum value exceeds 30% of the total number of array elements in that column, it is initially judged that there is a horizontal clustering segment. Further, the clustering segment is regarded as a candidate spatial aggregation region. Then, the average amplitude of the main peak response of array elements in each candidate region is statistically analyzed. For those with an average amplitude higher than the average amplitude of the main peak response of the entire array, the clustering segment is selected. Regions with a mean of 1.2 are selected as valid peak clustering regions. Then, information such as the starting and ending coordinates, maximum element density, average peak amplitude, and coordinate span of all valid clustering regions is extracted to establish a spatial aggregation index list. This index uses the peak value of the peak density as the sorting criterion, and the region containing the point with the maximum peak clustering density is designated as the first priority convergence segment. In one application example, if 5, 7, and 8 peak response elements are clustered at consecutive horizontal positions 9, 10, and 11, respectively, and the average peak amplitude of column 11 is 2.2V, which is higher than the 1.2 times threshold of the entire array mean of 1.7V, then this region is determined to be an effective spatial convergence segment, and its horizontal coordinate range is marked as the convergence index region, thus obtaining the spatial convergence index.

[0040] Please see Figure 6 The focused area control module includes: The target array element adjustment submodule analyzes the numbering and spatial distribution of associated array elements within the target area based on the spatial convergence index, adjusts the excitation order and excitation response content of associated array elements, identifies key array elements that affect the focusing effect of the target area, and obtains target area adjustment information. Extract all horizontal coordinate intervals marked as convergence regions and read the corresponding array element numbers and spatial coordinates within each region. Organize these into a mapping table of array element numbers and array positions. Compare and analyze the excitation time, excitation sequence, and peak response amplitude of each array element in the convergence region. Extract array elements whose response amplitude significantly deviates from the interval average amplitude as candidate adjustment targets. Set the deviation threshold for amplitude difference judgment to ±20% of the average value of the regional peak. For example, if the regional peak average is 1.8V, then array elements with a value higher than 2.16V or lower than 1.44V are considered abnormal excitation response items. Further analyze the excitation time position of abnormal array elements in the excitation sequence, and compare whether there is a shift trend in the spatial distribution of their excitation numbers and response times. If there are array elements with earlier excitation times but delayed responses, or later excitation times but earlier responses, further analysis is conducted. If the result is not found, it is marked as an excitation-response mismatch. The intersection of the above two types of results is taken as the key element affecting the focusing effect. The element number, coordinate position, excitation number, response time, and amplitude deviation are summarized and compared with the excitation time and response amplitude of its adjacent elements to determine whether the excitation order needs to be advanced or delayed. The upper limit of the adjustable excitation step size is set to ±0.1 microseconds. If it exceeds this limit, it is marked as an unadjustable element. In actual operation, for example, element number 29 is located in the convergence region. Its main peak response amplitude is 1.25V, which is significantly lower than the regional average of 1.8V. Its excitation order is the 12th, but its response time is 26.4 microseconds, which is 24.9 microseconds later than its adjacent element. This element is classified as a key element affecting the focusing effect and marked as an object to be adjusted. All such element numbers are added to the target area adjustment information.

[0041] The state consistency judgment submodule analyzes the real-time state of the excitation response of each array element based on the target area adjustment information, compares the matching relationship between the array element state and the ultrasonic array control requirements and echo signal processing requirements, judges the consistency of the control state of the associated array elements, and obtains the array element state consistency parameters. The excitation and response status identifiers of each array element within the adjustment set are read sequentially during the current detection cycle. The excitation status information includes the excitation time point, excitation amplitude, and excitation frequency. The response status includes the peak response amplitude, echo duration, and waveform stability index. The excitation parameters are compared with the set values ​​in the array control parameters to determine if there are any issues such as time offset, amplitude abnormality, or frequency drift. Then, the peak amplitude and echo duration in the echo signal are compared with preset signal processing standard values. For example, if the peak amplitude threshold is set to 1.5V and the waveform stability threshold to 0.85, and the peak amplitude is lower than 1.2V or the waveform stability value is lower than 0.8, the array element is considered to be in an abnormal state. The excitation of each array element is then adjusted accordingly. The parameter matching rate and response signal matching rate serve as the basis for consistency judgment. The minimum matching rate of both is set to be no less than 80%. If the matching rate of a certain array element is lower than this value, the array element is marked as an inconsistent state item. Further statistics are collected on the matching status of all array elements in the target adjustment set to form an excitation-response consistency distribution map. A consistency evaluation report is generated by sorting the matching rates. For example, if the excitation time of array element 35 deviates from the set value by +0.08 microseconds, the excitation amplitude is 1.1V which is lower than the set value of 1.5V, the main peak response amplitude is 1.15V, the waveform stability is 0.79, and the matching rate is only 68%, which is lower than the 80% threshold, it is marked as an array element with inconsistent control state and added to the inconsistency list. Array element state consistency parameters are generated.

[0042] The weight distribution optimization submodule optimizes the transmission command content of array elements within the target area based on the array element state consistency parameter, adjusts the array element excitation and control parameter data, calculates the weight distribution and priority ranking of each array element within the target area, and obtains the array element weight distribution information. The weight distribution optimization submodule extracts the array element numbers marked as having consistent states and their spatial coordinates in the target area based on the array element state consistency parameters. It sets a basic excitation weight coefficient of 1.0 for each array element and applies proportional weighting based on the matching rate between 80% and 100%, with weight values ​​ranging from 0.8 to 1.2. A matching rate of 100% corresponds to a weight of 1.2, and a matching rate of 80% corresponds to a weight of 0.8. The remaining values ​​are allocated using linear interpolation. After updating the weight value for each array element, it is written into the array control parameter library. Simultaneously, the excitation priority of the array elements is adjusted, prioritizing elements with weights higher than 1.1, then elements with weights between 1.0 and 1.1, and finally elements with weights lower than 1.0. In practice, if the state consistency evaluation score of array element 42 is 96%, its assigned weight is 1.15, classifying it as a high-priority element. Its excitation order in the excitation sequence is advanced by two positions, and its control parameters are updated to an excitation amplitude of 1.6V and a delay time of 0.04 microseconds. The output is the array element weight distribution information.

[0043] A method for locating defects in high-voltage cables based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array includes the following steps: S1: Based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor, analyze the excitation sequence of array elements, determine the response position of array elements on the inspection platform, compare the main peak of the array element echo signal with the background fluctuation, identify signal characteristics, and obtain the timing characteristics of the main peak. S2: Based on the main peak timing characteristics, calculate the change in the main peak time point of each array element, compare the excitation sequence, and analyze the differences in the signal transmission path of the cable body by detecting the starting point of the array element signal response, and obtain the path difference parameters. S3: Based on the path difference parameters, identify array element pairs with prominent propagation deviations, analyze the array element number and time interval adjustment space, and combine the distribution of the cable metal shielding layer to determine the matching of the excitation sequence and space, and obtain the excitation adjustment sequence. S4: Based on the excitation adjustment sequence, analyze the new echo peaks obtained after array element excitation, identify array elements with changes in peak response, compare the changes in the horizontal coordinates of the peaks, determine the trend of coordinate changes, and obtain the spatial convergence index. S5: Based on the spatial convergence index, adjust the associated array elements in the target region, analyze the excitation response of the array elements, determine the consistency between the state and the array control requirements, update the control parameters, and obtain the array element weight distribution information.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array, characterized in that, The system includes: The signal peak acquisition module is based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor. It analyzes the excitation sequence of array elements, determines the response position of array elements on the inspection platform, compares the main peak of the array element echo signal with the background fluctuation, identifies signal characteristics, and obtains the timing characteristics of the main peak. The lateral deviation calculation module calculates the change in the main peak time point of each array element based on the main peak timing characteristics, compares the excitation sequence, and analyzes the differences in the signal transmission path of the cable body by detecting the starting point of the array element signal response, thereby obtaining the path difference parameters. Based on the path difference parameters, the excitation timing optimization module identifies array element pairs with significant propagation deviations, analyzes the array element number and time interval adjustment space, and, in conjunction with the distribution of the cable's metal shielding layer, determines the matching status of the excitation sequence and space to obtain the excitation adjustment sequence. Based on the excitation adjustment sequence, the main peak spatial focusing module analyzes the new echo main peak obtained after the array element excitation, identifies the array elements whose main peak response changes, compares the changes in the lateral coordinates of the main peak, judges the trend of coordinate changes, and obtains the spatial convergence index. Based on the spatial convergence index, the focusing area control module adjusts the associated array elements in the target area, analyzes the excitation response of the array elements, determines the consistency between the state and the array control requirements, updates the control parameters, and obtains the array element weight distribution information.

2. The high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main peak timing characteristics include the main peak occurrence time, main peak signal amplitude, and timing stability. The path difference parameters include signal path length, main peak offset, and path consistency index. The excitation adjustment sequence includes array element excitation sequence number, timing adjustment parameters, and response sequence distribution. The spatial convergence index includes spatial focusing center, focusing area, and convergence degree. The array element weight distribution information includes array element weight factor, excitation priority, and control distribution state.

3. The high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal main peak acquisition module includes: The response position extraction submodule is based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor. It analyzes the excitation sequence of array elements, determines the echo signal acquisition time of each array element in the excitation sequence, calculates the correspondence between the array element number and the spatial arrangement order, determines the physical response position of each array element, and obtains the array element response position sequence. The main peak feature identification submodule compares the echo signal waveforms of each array element based on the array element response position sequence, determines the waveform segment with concentrated energy as the main peak region, compares the amplitude changes of the main peak region with the background fluctuation region, identifies the signal segments with amplitude changes, and obtains the main peak signal feature group. The timing relationship determination submodule calculates the correspondence between the time point of the main peak's appearance and the array element number based on the main peak signal feature group, compares the array element excitation order with the main peak signal arrival order, determines the time interval of the main peak response, and obtains the main peak timing characteristics.

4. The high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral deviation calculation module includes: The main peak difference calculation submodule calculates the interval of the main peak occurrence time of each array element based on the main peak time sequence characteristics, compares the array element order in the excitation sequence with the main peak response order, determines the offset state of the main peak response in the time distribution, classifies the difference of the main peak time point among array elements, and obtains the main peak offset distribution sequence. The response start point analysis submodule calculates the start time interval of the main peak response of each array element based on the main peak offset distribution sequence. Combining the spatial positional relationship of the array elements in the array grid, it compares the first response time of the signal between array elements with the spatial arrangement order, identifies the changes in the signal lateral propagation process, and obtains the lateral propagation difference index. The path influence merging submodule, based on the lateral propagation difference index, organizes the spatial arrangement of array elements, compares the correspondence between signal path length changes and main peak time offset, summarizes the difference characteristics of each spatial path, sorts the lateral difference performance of array elements, and obtains path difference parameters.

5. The high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excitation timing optimization module includes: The propagation deviation identification submodule analyzes the temporal differences of the main peak response between array elements based on the path difference parameters. By comparing the timing of the main peak response, it judges the deviation characteristics of the main peak response in the array element combination, identifies array element combinations with prominent main peak response variation range, and obtains the propagation deviation degree array. The numbering interval analysis submodule calculates the timing difference of the main peak response corresponding to the array element numbering sequence based on the propagation deviation array, compares the main peak response position interval with the numbering interval and path length of each combination, and jointly analyzes the relationship between the main peak response offset and the numbering interval to obtain the excitation timing adjustment range. The sequence matching judgment submodule determines the correspondence between the excitation number sequence of the array elements and the spatial distribution of the cable metal shielding layer based on the excitation timing adjustment range, analyzes the differences between the spatial arrangement of the array elements and the position of the shielding structure, identifies the numbering and structural offset characteristics, optimizes the array control parameters, and obtains the excitation adjustment sequence.

6. The high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main peak spatial focusing module includes: The main peak response extraction submodule analyzes the array element excitation sequence and echo signal main peak information based on the excitation adjustment sequence, compares the amplitude and lateral coordinate of the main peak response of each array element, judges the changes in the amplitude and lateral coordinate of the main peak response within adjacent detection periods, identifies array elements with prominent changes in the main peak response, and obtains a set of array elements with changes in the main peak response. The lateral coordinate variation analysis submodule, based on the set of array elements showing the main peak response variation, calculates the variation amplitude of the main peak's lateral coordinate in each detection cycle, analyzes the difference in the main peak's lateral coordinate for each array element, and uses the following formula: ； Obtain the lateral offset coefficient of the main peak ,in, This indicates the number of array elements that change the main peak response. Indicates the first The horizontal coordinate of the main peak in this period of detection for each array element Indicates the first The horizontal coordinate of the main peak in the previous detection cycle for each array element. Indicates the first The lateral distance between each array element and the center point of the array, among which The corresponding spatial distance reference array element number is used. Indicates the first The time point at which the main peak response of each array element appears; The spatial concentration area summarization submodule compares the lateral aggregation status of the main peak response of each array element based on the lateral offset coefficient of the main peak, determines the array element region with lateral coordinate changes, and summarizes the spatial aggregation segment of each main peak response to obtain the spatial convergence index.

7. The high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The focusing region control module includes: The target array element adjustment submodule analyzes the numbering and spatial distribution of associated array elements within the target area based on the spatial convergence index, adjusts the excitation order and excitation response content of the associated array elements, identifies key array elements that affect the focusing effect of the target area, and obtains target area adjustment information. The state consistency judgment submodule analyzes the real-time state of the excitation response of each array element based on the target area adjustment information, compares the matching relationship between the array element state and the ultrasonic array control requirements and echo signal processing requirements, judges the consistency of the control state of the associated array elements, and obtains the array element state consistency parameters. The weight distribution optimization submodule optimizes the transmission command content of array elements within the target area based on the array element state consistency parameters, adjusts the array element excitation and control parameter data, calculates the weight distribution and priority ranking of each array element within the target area, and obtains the array element weight distribution information.

8. The high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excitation sequence of the array elements refers to the arrangement of the excitation time and order of each transmitting or receiving array element in the two-dimensional ultrasonic array. The change in the main peak time point refers to the time difference of the main peak signal collected by different array elements. The signal response start point refers to the position where the ultrasonic signal is first detected to be reflected on a certain array element.

9. A method for locating defects in high-voltage cables based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array, characterized in that, The method is used to implement the high-voltage cable defect location system based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array as described in any one of claims 1-8, and includes the following steps: S1: Based on a two-dimensional ultrasonic array sensor, analyze the excitation sequence of array elements, determine the response position of array elements on the inspection platform, compare the main peak of the array element echo signal with the background fluctuation, identify signal characteristics, and obtain the timing characteristics of the main peak. S2: Based on the main peak timing characteristics, calculate the change in the main peak time point of each array element, compare the excitation sequence, and analyze the differences in the signal transmission path of the cable body by detecting the starting point of the array element signal response to obtain the path difference parameters. S3: Based on the path difference parameters, identify array element pairs with prominent propagation deviations, analyze the array element number and time interval adjustment space, and combine the distribution of the cable metal shielding layer to determine the excitation sequence and spatial matching, and obtain the excitation adjustment sequence. S4: Based on the excitation adjustment sequence, analyze the new echo peak obtained after the array element excitation, identify the array elements whose peak response changes, compare the changes in the horizontal coordinates of the peak, determine the trend of coordinate changes, and obtain the spatial convergence index. S5: Based on the spatial convergence index, adjust the associated array elements in the target region, analyze the array element excitation response, determine the consistency between the state and the array control requirements, update the control parameters, and obtain the array element weight distribution information.

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