A single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield

Abstract

This invention provides a single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield to address the technical problem that existing rigid deployable light shields, with their columnar or planar configurations, are difficult to adapt to the obliquely tapered configuration required for large observation fields. The single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield provided by this invention innovatively couples two sets of equivalent cranks and equivalent connecting rods connected by elastic drive hinges to a planar multi-stage scissor mechanism. This transforms the linear motion of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism in the plane into the linear motion of the slider required by the equivalent crank-slider mechanism. Simultaneously, the symmetrically arranged equivalent crank-slider mechanisms on both sides provide in-plane coupling constraints for the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism, limiting its multiple degrees of freedom and forming a single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism. This single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism, in conjunction with the elastic drive hinges and locking device, achieves the deployment of the obliquely tapered light shield using fewer driving force interfaces while ensuring stability during the deployment process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to deployable light shields, and more specifically to a single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield. Background Technology

[0002] As the demands for space exploration increase, the field of view of space optical cameras is gradually expanding, and the size of other components adapted to these cameras is also increasing accordingly. Among these, the sunshade, as a core component ensuring stray light suppression and detection capabilities of space optical cameras, has seen its size envelope expand accordingly. However, due to the high stray light suppression ratio requirements of space optical cameras and the limitations of rocket space, traditional large-size sunshades adapted for wide-field observation have significant limitations during launch due to their conical envelope. Therefore, applying the concept of deployable sunshades is a new approach to solving this problem.

[0003] Currently, most large-sized light shields used in space-based applications are one-piece structures without deployable functionality, which places significant demands on the rocket's envelope size during launch. In recent years, many researchers have proposed deployable light shield solutions, primarily combining rigid frames, elastic materials, and inflatable composite materials with flexible composite materials. However, due to the need for high-rigidity light shields in space optical cameras, rigid deployable light shields have emerged. But existing rigid deployable light shields are typically columnar or planar in shape, making them difficult to adapt to the obliquely tapered configuration required for large observation fields. Therefore, there is a need to develop a single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield frame design suitable for obliquely tapered configurations to fill this gap in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that existing rigid deployable light shields are of columnar or planar configuration, which are difficult to adapt to oblique conical configurations with large observation fields, and to provide a single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield is characterized by comprising a deployable frame structure and a deployable light shielding film; the deployable frame structure includes a base plate, two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms, a planar multi-stage scissor mechanism, two elastic drive hinges, and two locking devices.

[0007] The planar multi-stage scissor lift mechanism includes a lower scissor lift rod, an upper scissor lift rod, and a multi-stage scissor lift structure connecting the lower scissor lift rod and the upper scissor lift rod; the lower scissor lift rod is laterally arranged on one side of the base plate in the width direction;

[0008] The two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the depth direction of the base plate. The equivalent crank-slider mechanism includes an equivalent crank and an equivalent connecting rod. One end of each of the two equivalent cranks is hinged to the middle of the two sides of the base plate in the depth direction, and the other end of each is connected to one end of the corresponding equivalent connecting rod through an elastic drive hinge. The other end of each of the two equivalent connecting rods is hinged to the corresponding position of the upper end rod of the scissor lift, so that the two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms are coupled with the planar multi-stage scissor lift mechanism to form a single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism.

[0009] The base plate has an optical through-hole; the unfoldable light-shielding film is folded and is located on the side of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism facing the optical through-hole, with its upper end connected to the upper end rod of the scissor and its lower end connected to the base plate; the two locking devices are respectively located near the two ends of the lower end rod of the scissor; the lower end rod of the scissor and the multi-stage scissor structure have locking holes corresponding to the positions of the two locking devices in the retracted state, which are used to lock the scissor to the locking devices through the locking holes on the lower end rod of the scissor and the multi-stage scissor structure in the retracted state.

[0010] Furthermore, the deployable light-shielding film includes a main deployable light-shielding film and two side deployable light-shielding films respectively vertically connected to both sides of the main deployable light-shielding film;

[0011] The side-expandable light-shielding film includes an upper folded film and a lower folded film connected to the lower end of the upper folded film;

[0012] The main unfoldable light-blocking film and the upper folding film both adopt the Youshimura origami folding form, while the lower folding film adopts the fan-shaped folding form.

[0013] The upper end of the main expandable light-blocking film is connected to the upper end rod of the scissor lift, and the lower ends of both the main expandable light-blocking film and the lower folding film are connected to the base plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic drive hinge is a torsion spring self-locking hinge.

[0015] Furthermore, the torsion spring self-locking hinge includes a female hinge, a male hinge, a rotating pin, a torsion spring, a locking pin, and a locking spring;

[0016] The female hinge includes a first support base and two first lugs symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first support base; the male hinge includes a second support base and two second lugs symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second support base.

[0017] Two first lugs and two second lugs are rotatably connected to a rotating pin, and the two second lugs are located between the two first lugs; the first support base is mounted on the corresponding equivalent crank, and the second support base is mounted on the corresponding equivalent connecting rod;

[0018] The torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating pin shaft between the two second lugs, with its fixed end connected to the first lug on one side and its working end connected to the second lug on the other side. It is used to drive the male hinge to rotate around the rotating pin shaft through the preload of the torsion spring, thereby realizing the unfolding of the equivalent crank-slider mechanism.

[0019] One of the first lugs has a locking pin groove on its inner wall, and the bottom of the locking pin groove extends outward to form a barrel-shaped structure; the second lug on the same side has a sliding hole corresponding to the position when the locking pin is in the unfolded state. The locking spring is used to keep the equivalent crank-slider mechanism in the retracted state and push the locking pin into the sliding hole of the second lug when the equivalent crank-slider mechanism is in the unfolded state, so as to realize the joint locking between the equivalent connecting rod and the equivalent crank.

[0020] Furthermore, the locking device includes a base and a locking rod disposed on the base;

[0021] The base is equipped with a pyrotechnic detonation device.

[0022] The locking rod is used to engage with the locking holes on the lower end rod of the scissor lift and the multi-stage scissor lift structure for locking.

[0023] Furthermore, the multi-stage scissor lift structure includes four short scissor lifts and M long scissor lifts, where M is an even number greater than or equal to 4;

[0024] The M scissor bars are divided into two groups, and the multiple scissor bars in each group are hinged to each other in sequence. The scissor bars at corresponding positions in the two groups are cross-hinged in the middle.

[0025] One end of each of the two short scissor bars is hinged to the middle of the lower end of the scissor bar on both sides, and the other end is hinged to the lower end of the two lower long scissor bars in the two groups. One end of each of the other two short scissor bars is hinged to the middle of the upper end of the scissor bar on both sides, and the other end is hinged to the upper end of the two upper long scissor bars in the two groups.

[0026] Furthermore, the multi-stage scissor structure is equipped with rope linkage synchronization devices at two adjacent hinge positions to achieve a controllable deployment process at a slower speed.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] 1. This invention provides a single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield, which innovatively couples two sets of equivalent cranks and equivalent connecting rods connected by elastic drive hinges with a planar multi-stage scissor mechanism. While equipping the linear motion of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism in the plane with the linear motion of the slider required by the equivalent crank-slider mechanism, the symmetrically arranged equivalent crank-slider mechanism on both sides provides in-plane coupling constraints for the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism, limiting its multiple degrees of freedom and thus forming a single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism. This single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism, in conjunction with the elastic drive hinge and locking device, allows the oblique-cut cone-shaped light shield to fold and retract during launch to achieve a smaller spatial volume, and then unfolds and self-locks upon reaching the expected on-orbit position, providing a new approach for the on-orbit application of large-sized oblique-cut cone-shaped light shields. Furthermore, while ensuring stability during the unfolding process, the single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield achieves the unfolding of the oblique-cut cone-shaped light shield using fewer driving force interfaces.

[0029] 2. The present invention provides a single-degree-of-freedom deployable sunshade, which replaces the traditional crank-slider mechanism with a coupling structure of a planar multi-stage scissor mechanism, an equivalent crank, and an equivalent connecting rod. This not only achieves lightweighting of the sunshade but also effectively reduces its volume in the folded state. It can be extended to other deployable structure fields, such as solar panels and protective shields.

[0030] 3. The present invention provides a single-degree-of-freedom deployable sunshade, wherein the equivalent crank and the equivalent connecting rod are connected by a torsion spring self-locking hinge. The deployment process of the sunshade frame is realized by the torsion spring drive, and at the same time, the mechanical limit allows the sunshade frame to be completely locked in the fully deployed state, so that the sunshade frame maintains high precision while ensuring high structural rigidity. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent crank-slider mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the right side is a simplified equivalent schematic diagram of the equivalent crank-slider mechanism;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the right side diagram is a simplified equivalent schematic diagram of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the torsion spring self-locking hinge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the torsion spring self-locking hinge in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the torsion spring self-locking hinge locking process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the unfolding process of an embodiment of a single-degree-of-freedom unfoldable light shield according to the present invention.

[0038] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0039] 1-Base plate; 2-Equivalent crank-slider mechanism, 21-Equivalent crank, 22-Equivalent connecting rod; 3-Planar multi-stage scissor mechanism, 31-Lower end rod of scissor, 32-Upper end rod of scissor, 33-Multi-stage scissor structure, 331-Short scissor rod, 332-Long scissor rod; 4-Elastic drive hinge, 41-Female hinge, 42-Male hinge, 43-Rotating pin, 44-Torsion spring, 45-Locking pin groove, 46-Locking pin, 47-Locking spring; 5-Locking device, 6-Expandable light-blocking film, 61-Main expandable light-blocking film, 62-Side expandable light-blocking film, 621-Upper folding film, 622-Lower folding film. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield includes a deployable frame structure and a deployable light shielding film 6; wherein, the deployable frame structure includes a base plate 1, two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms 2, a planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3, two elastic drive hinges 4, and two locking devices 5.

[0042] like Figure 3As shown, the planar multi-stage scissor lift mechanism 3 includes a lower scissor lift rod 31, an upper scissor lift rod 32, and a multi-stage scissor lift structure 33 connecting the lower scissor lift rod 31 and the upper scissor lift rod 32. The lower scissor lift rod 31 is laterally positioned on one side of the base plate 1 in the width direction. The multi-stage scissor lift structure 33 includes four short scissor lift rods 331 and four long scissor lift rods 332. The four long scissor lift rods 332 are divided into two groups, with the two long scissor lift rods 332 in each group hinged together. Corresponding long scissor lift rods 332 in the two groups are cross-hinged at their midpoints. One end of two short scissor lift rods 331 is hinged to the midpoints on both sides of the lower scissor lift rod 31, and the other end is hinged to the lower ends of the two lower long scissor lift rods 332 in the two groups. One end of the other two short scissor lift rods 331 is hinged to the midpoints on both sides of the upper scissor lift rod 32, and the other end is hinged to the upper ends of the two upper long scissor lift rods 332 in the two groups. Preferably, in the multi-stage scissor structure 33, rope linkage synchronization devices are respectively provided at two adjacent hinge positions to achieve a controlled deployment process at a slower speed. The rope linkage synchronization device is a mature component commonly used in space deployment structures such as solar panels.

[0043] The two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms 2 have identical structures and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate 1 in the depth direction. Specifically, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2 includes an equivalent crank 21 and an equivalent connecting rod 22. One end of each of the two equivalent cranks 21 is hinged to the middle of both sides of the base plate 1 in the depth direction, and the other end is connected to one end of the corresponding equivalent connecting rod 22 through an elastic drive hinge 4. The other ends of the two equivalent connecting rods 22 are hinged to the corresponding positions of the upper end rod 32 of the scissor lift, so that the two sets of equivalent cranks 21 and equivalent connecting rods 22 connected by the elastic drive hinge 4 are coupled with the planar multi-stage scissor lift mechanism 3 to form a single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism, that is, two different planar mechanisms are coupled into a new configuration of a single-degree-of-freedom spatial mechanism. Since the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2 in this invention does not include a slider, the linear motion of the slider cannot achieve the desired motion of the crank-slider mechanism. However, the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3 can achieve linear motion within its plane. Therefore, this invention equates the linear motion of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3 within its plane to the linear motion of the slider required by the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2, enabling the equivalent crank-slider mechanisms 2 on both sides to achieve the desired motion. Simultaneously, the symmetrically arranged equivalent crank-slider mechanisms 2 on both sides provide in-plane coupling constraints for the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3, limiting its multiple degrees of freedom and ensuring that the deployed mechanism formed by the coupling has only a single degree of freedom. This invention replaces the traditional crank-slider mechanism with a coupling structure of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3, the equivalent crank 21, and the equivalent connecting rod 22, achieving not only a lightweight design of the light shield but also an effective reduction in the volume of the light shield in its retracted state.

[0044] The elastic drive hinge 4 provides the driving force to the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2 during the deployment process. It also possesses the ability to self-lock when moved to a specific position to ensure the desired deployment configuration of the overall structure is achieved, allowing the sunshade to be deployed from a fully retracted state to an deployed state. In this embodiment, the elastic drive hinge 4 is a torsion spring self-locking hinge, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the hinge includes a female hinge 41, a male hinge 42, a rotating pin 43, a torsion spring 44, a locking pin 46, and a locking spring 47. The female hinge 41 serves as the fixed base of the torsion spring self-locking hinge, comprising a first support base and two first lugs symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first support base. The male hinge 42 serves as the moving part of the torsion spring self-locking hinge, comprising a second support base and two second lugs symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second support base. The two first lugs and the two second lugs are rotatably connected to the rotating pin 43, with the two second lugs located between the two first lugs. The first support base is mounted on the corresponding equivalent crank 21, and the second support base is mounted on the corresponding equivalent connecting rod 22. The torsion spring 44 is sleeved on the rotating pin 43 between the two second lugs, with its fixed end connected to the first lug on one side and its working end connected to the second lug on the other side. It is used to drive the male hinge 42 to rotate around the rotating pin 43 through the preload of the torsion spring 44, thereby realizing the rotation of the equivalent connecting rod 22 relative to the equivalent crank 21, that is, realizing the unfolding of the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2. One of the first lugs has a locking pin groove 45 on its inner wall, and the bottom of the locking pin groove 45 extends outward to form a barrel-shaped structure. The locking spring 47 and the locking pin 46 are installed in the locking pin groove 45 from the inside to the outside. The second lug on the same side has an arc-shaped groove corresponding to the unfolded trajectory of the locking pin 46, and a groove hole corresponding to the unfolded state of the locking pin 46. The locking spring 47 is used to maintain the compression state when the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2 is in the retracted state, and to push the locking pin 46 from the groove into the groove hole of the second lug when the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2 is in the unfolded state, so as to restrict the reciprocating rotation of the male hinge 42 and realize the joint locking between the equivalent connecting rod 22 and the equivalent crank 21. In other embodiments of the present invention, the elastic drive hinge 4 can also be a spiral spring hinge.

[0045] Figure 6The deployment and locking process of the torsion spring self-locking hinge is demonstrated. When the sunshade is retracted, the torsion spring 44 continuously provides a driving torque in the deployment direction to the torsion spring self-locking hinge. However, because the locking device 5 is in a locked state, the torsion spring self-locking hinge remains in a self-locking state. After the locking device 5 is unlocked, the sunshade frame unfolds according to the motion trajectory of a single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism under the driving torque of the torsion spring 44. At this time, the locking pin 46 is pressed against the groove on the end face of the male hinge under the action of the locking spring 47, ensuring that it moves along the trajectory. When it reaches the expected working position, the locking pin 46 also moves accordingly to the position of the groove hole on the second lug of the male hinge 4. At this time, the locking spring 47 releases its elastic force to push the locking pin 46 into the groove hole, thereby restricting the reciprocating rotation of the male hinge 42 and achieving mechanical limit locking.

[0046] An optical through-hole is provided on the base plate 1 for light from the optical system to pass through. The deployable light-shielding film 6 is folded, comprising a main deployable light-shielding film 61 and two side deployable light-shielding films 62 integrally and vertically connected to both sides of the main deployable light-shielding film 61; the side deployable light-shielding films 62 include an upper folded film 621 and a lower folded film 622 connected to the lower end of the upper folded film 621. Both the main deployable light-shielding film 61 and the upper folded film 621 adopt a folding form similar to origami, which can achieve a columnar folded structure at the top, while the lower folded film 622 adopts a fan-shaped folding form, which can achieve different tilt angles required during the folding and unfolding of the light-shielding film. The main deployable light-shielding film 61 is positioned on the side of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3 facing the optical aperture. The upper end of the main deployable light-shielding film 61 is connected to the upper end rod 32 of the scissor mechanism. The lower ends of both the main deployable light-shielding film 61 and the lower folding film 622 are connected to the base plate 1. When the upper end of the main deployable light-shielding film 61 is connected to the upper end rod 32 of the scissor mechanism, it can be tied together with the frame of the deployable structure using polyimide ropes. When the lower ends of both the main deployable light-shielding film 61 and the lower folding film 622 are connected to the base plate 1, they can be connected using adhesive. The deployable light-shielding film 6 is deployed by the single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism to achieve the large field-of-view light-shielding configuration requirement.

[0047] The locking device 5 is used to provide clamping force to the deployable sunshade in the retracted state. It can be a pyrotechnic device or a shape memory alloy clamping device commonly used in aerospace. To achieve the fully retracted and clamped state of the sunshade and the expected angle when deployed, the locking device 5 is mounted on the base plate to constrain the self-locking of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3. In this embodiment, the locking device 5 includes a base and locking rods mounted on the base. The bases of the two locking devices 5 are respectively located near both ends of the lower end rod 31 of the scissor, and a pyrotechnic detonation device is installed inside the base. Locking holes are respectively provided on the lower end rod 31 of the scissor, each short scissor rod 331, and each long scissor rod 332 corresponding to the positions of the two locking rods in the retracted state. The two locking rods are used to engage with the locking holes on the corresponding lower end rod 31, short scissor rod 331, and long scissor rod 332 to achieve locking in the retracted state.

[0048] This invention couples two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms 2 and a planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3 to form a single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism. Combined with an elastic drive hinge 4 and a locking device 5, it enables the deployment of a slanted conical light shield. During launch, the slanted conical light shield can be folded and retracted to achieve a smaller spatial volume. It then re-deploys and self-locks upon reaching the intended on-orbit position, providing a new approach for the on-orbit application of large-sized slanted conical light shields. The specific deployment process is as follows: Figure 7 As shown:

[0049] When the sunshade is fully retracted, the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2 and the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism 3 are simultaneously retracted. At this time, the equivalent crank 21 and the equivalent connecting rod 22 are folded and pressed against both sides of the base plate 1. The lower end rod 31, the upper end rod 32, and the multi-stage scissor structure 33 are vertically folded onto the base plate 1 and locked by two locking devices 5 and corresponding locking holes. When the sunshade reaches the predetermined working position, the locking devices 5 unlock and eliminate the fixed constraint. The torsion spring self-locking hinge single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism between the equivalent crank 21 and the equivalent connecting rod 22 provides the driving torque for the deployment, driving the single-degree-of-freedom deployable mechanism to deploy according to its motion trajectory. After the sunshade is extended to the predetermined working position, the locking pin 46 installed on the outside of the torsion spring self-locking hinge female hinge 41 is pushed by the locking spring 47 and slides into the slide hole on the second lug of the male hinge 42 to restrict the reciprocating rotation of the male hinge 42 and realize the joint locking between the equivalent connecting rod 22 and the equivalent crank 21; at this time, the sunshade is in a fully locked structural state.

[0050] In addition, the present invention can meet the application requirements of light shields with different envelope sizes by adjusting the design parameters of the equivalent crank-slider mechanism 2.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield, characterized in that: Including a deployable skeleton structure and a deployable light-shielding membrane (6); The deployable frame structure includes a base plate (1), two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms (2), a planar multi-stage scissor mechanism (3), two elastic drive hinges (4), and two locking devices (5). The planar multi-stage scissor mechanism (3) includes a lower end rod (31) of the scissor, an upper end rod (32) of the scissor, and a multi-stage scissor structure (33) connecting the lower end rod (31) and the upper end rod (32) of the scissor; the lower end rod (31) of the scissor is laterally arranged on one side of the base plate (1) in the width direction; The two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms (2) have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the depth direction of the base plate (1). The equivalent crank-slider mechanism (2) includes an equivalent crank (21) and an equivalent connecting rod (22). One end of the two equivalent cranks (21) is respectively hinged to the middle of the two sides of the base plate (1) in the depth direction, and the other end is respectively connected to one end of the corresponding equivalent connecting rod (22) through an elastic drive hinge (4). The other end of the two equivalent connecting rods (22) is respectively hinged to the corresponding position of the upper end rod (32) of the scissor fork, so that the two sets of equivalent crank-slider mechanisms (2) are coupled with the planar multi-stage scissor fork mechanism (3) to form a single degree of freedom deployable mechanism. The base plate (1) has an optical through hole; the unfoldable light-shielding film (6) is folded and is set on the side of the planar multi-stage scissor mechanism (3) facing the optical through hole, and its upper end is connected to the upper end rod (32) of the scissor and its lower end is connected to the base plate (1); the two locking devices (5) are respectively set on the lower end rod (31) of the scissor close to both ends; the lower end rod (31) of the scissor and the multi-stage scissor structure (33) have locking holes respectively corresponding to the positions of the two locking devices (5) in the retracted state, so as to lock them together with the locking devices (5) through the locking holes on the lower end rod (31) of the scissor and the multi-stage scissor structure (33) in the retracted state.

2. The single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deployable light-blocking film (6) includes a main deployable light-blocking film (61) and two side deployable light-blocking films (62) that are respectively vertically connected to both sides of the main deployable light-blocking film (61). The side-expandable light-shielding film (62) includes an upper folded film (621) and a lower folded film (622) connected to the lower end of the upper folded film (621). The main unfoldable light-blocking film (61) and the upper folding film (621) are both folded in the form of origami, and the lower folding film (622) is folded in the form of a fan. The upper end of the main expandable light-blocking film (61) is connected to the upper end rod (32) of the scissor lift, and the lower ends of the main expandable light-blocking film (61) and the lower folding film (622) are both connected to the base plate (1).

3. The single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic drive hinge (4) is a torsion spring self-locking hinge.

4. The single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield according to claim 3, characterized in that: The torsion spring self-locking hinge includes a female hinge (41), a male hinge (42), a rotating pin (43), a torsion spring (44), a locking pin (46), and a locking spring (47). The female hinge (41) includes a first support base and two first lugs symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first support base; the male hinge (42) includes a second support base and two second lugs symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second support base; Two first lugs and two second lugs are rotatably connected to the rotating pin (43), and the two second lugs are located between the two first lugs; the first support base is installed on the corresponding equivalent crank (21), and the second support base is installed on the corresponding equivalent connecting rod (22); The torsion spring (44) is sleeved on the rotating pin (43) between the two second lugs, and its fixed end is connected to the first lug on one side, and its working end is connected to the second lug on the other side. It is used to drive the male hinge (42) to rotate around the rotating pin (43) through the preload of the torsion spring (44), thereby realizing the unfolding of the equivalent crank-slider mechanism (2). A locking pin groove (45) is provided on the inner wall of one of the first lugs, and the bottom of the locking pin groove (45) extends outward to form a barrel-shaped structure; the locking spring (47) and the locking pin (46) are installed in the locking pin groove (45) from the inside to the outside; a sliding hole is provided on the second lug on the same side corresponding to the position of the locking pin (46) in the unfolded state. The locking spring (47) is used to maintain the compression state in the retracted state of the equivalent crank slider mechanism (2), and push the locking pin (46) into the sliding hole of the second lug in the unfolded state of the equivalent crank slider mechanism (2) to realize the joint locking between the equivalent connecting rod (22) and the equivalent crank (21).

5. A single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The locking device (5) includes a base and a locking rod disposed on the base; The base is equipped with a pyrotechnic detonation device. The locking rod is used to engage with the locking holes on the lower end rod (31) of the scissor fork and the multi-stage scissor fork structure (33) for locking.

6. The single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage scissor structure (33) includes four scissor short bars (331) and M scissor long bars (332), where M is an even number greater than or equal to 4; M scissor bars (332) are divided into two groups. Multiple scissor bars (332) in each group are hinged to each other in sequence. The scissor bars (332) at corresponding positions in the two groups are cross-hinged in the middle. One end of two of the scissor bar short rods (331) is hinged to the middle of the two sides of the lower end rod (31) of the scissor bar, and the other end is hinged to the lower end of the two lower scissor bar long rods (332) in the two groups. One end of the other two scissor bar short rods (331) is hinged to the middle of the two sides of the upper end rod (32) of the scissor bar, and the other end is hinged to the upper end of the two upper scissor bar long rods (332) in the two groups.

7. The single-degree-of-freedom deployable light shield according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-stage scissor structure (33) is equipped with rope linkage synchronization devices at two adjacent hinge positions.

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