Configuration and operation method and device of energy storage system and energy storage system

Abstract

The invention provides a configuration and operation method and device of an energy storage system and the energy storage system, and relates to the technical field of energy storage, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the capacity overmatching of the energy storage system according to a preset overmatching proportion before the operation of the energy storage system; during operation of the energy storage system, acquiring a battery health state and a rated charge-discharge voltage range of the energy storage system; when the battery health state is greater than or equal to a first threshold value, narrowing the rated charge-discharge voltage range to a first preset charge-discharge voltage range; when the battery health state is greater than or equal to the second threshold value and less than the first threshold value, widening the first preset charge-discharge voltage range to a rated charge-discharge voltage range; and when the battery health state is smaller than a second threshold value, narrowing the rated charge-discharge voltage range to a second preset charge-discharge voltage range. According to the method, on the premise that the performance and the service life of the battery are guaranteed, the potential energy storage space of the energy storage system in the early, middle and later periods can be fully excavated, and the initial available power consumption and the economy of the whole life cycle are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a configuration and operation method, device and energy storage system for an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, energy storage systems are increasingly widely used in fields such as grid peak shaving, renewable energy consumption, and emergency power supply, but their economic efficiency throughout the entire life cycle is severely limited by the dynamic utilization efficiency of battery capacity.

[0003] In practical applications, due to the inherent characteristics of batteries, differences in consistency, and limitations of safe operating boundaries, traditional control strategies often employ fixed and conservative charge and discharge ranges to avoid safety risks such as overcharging, over-discharging, and thermal runaway. While this design can ensure basic safety and lifespan, it results in low initial available power due to redundancy in the early stages of the system's lifespan, leading to "excess capacity" in the early stages and "underutilization" in the later stages. This wastes the initial investment and makes it difficult to finely explore the potential energy space throughout the entire lifespan of the energy storage system while ensuring safety and performance. Consequently, the overall energy utilization rate of the system is low, and the overall lifespan economics are poor, which has become a prominent problem restricting the efficient and large-scale application of energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a configuration and operation method, device and energy storage system for an energy storage system, which can fully explore the potential energy storage space of the energy storage system in the early, middle and late stages, and improve its initial available power and the economy of the whole life cycle, while ensuring battery performance and life.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for configuring and operating an energy storage system, including: Before the energy storage system is put into operation, the capacity of the energy storage system is over-allocated according to the preset over-allocation ratio; During the operation of the energy storage system, obtain the battery health status and rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system; When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the rated charge and discharge voltage range is narrowed to the first preset charge and discharge voltage range. When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge and discharge voltage range, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold. When the battery health status is less than the second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to the second preset charge / discharge voltage range.

[0006] In one possible implementation, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a first preset charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: Obtain the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system and the rated capacity of the energy storage system within the first preset charge and discharge voltage range; When the actual discharge capacity equals the rated capacity, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped.

[0007] One possible implementation of the method also includes: When the actual discharge capacity is not equal to the rated capacity, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted until the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the adjusted charge and discharge voltage range equals the rated capacity.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the charging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is greater than the charging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range, and / or, the discharging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is less than the discharging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range.

[0009] In one possible implementation, after widening the first preset charge / discharge voltage range to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the rated charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the rated charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0010] In one possible implementation, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a second preset charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the second preset charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0011] One possible implementation of the method also includes: During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage system, the battery temperature is acquired; The operating mode of the thermal management system is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the thermal management system includes a liquid cooling system, which operates in three modes: a primary cooling mode, a secondary cooling mode, and a tertiary cooling mode, wherein the water temperature decreases sequentially in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cooling modes. The operating mode of the heat dissipation system is adjusted according to the battery temperature, including: When the battery temperature is greater than the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, the first-level cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the second-level cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature exceeds the third temperature threshold, the three-level cooling mode is activated.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the thermal management system includes a fan, and the method further includes: The fan speed is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

[0014] One possible implementation of the method also includes: Obtain the state of charge of all cells in the energy storage system; The capacity of all cells is kept consistent based on the state of charge and a preset balancing strategy.

[0015] One possible implementation method includes active equilibrium and passive equilibrium strategies.

[0016] One possible implementation involves over-sizing the energy storage system according to a preset over-sizing ratio, including: The over-capacity of the energy storage system is determined according to the preset over-capacity ratio; The capacity of a single battery cell is determined based on the over-supplied capacity and the set number of cells. An oversized energy storage system is composed of multiple cells with the same individual capacity.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the preset over-provision ratio ranges from 10% to 30%.

[0018] Secondly, this application provides an energy storage system, including: a battery pack, a battery management system, an energy management system, and a thermal management system; wherein, the battery pack includes multiple battery cells; the battery management system is used to monitor the voltage, temperature, state of charge, and state of health of the battery cells; the energy management system is used to adjust the charging and discharging voltage range according to the battery's state of health and to calculate the charging and discharging capacity; the thermal management system is used to cool or heat the battery; the energy storage system adopts the configuration and operation method of the energy storage system as described in the first aspect.

[0019] Thirdly, this application provides a configuration and operation device for an energy storage system, comprising: The capacity over-provisioning module is used to over-provision the capacity of the energy storage system according to a preset over-provisioning ratio before the energy storage system is put into operation. The acquisition module is used to acquire the battery health status and rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system during operation. The voltage range adjustment module is used to narrow the rated charge and discharge voltage range to a first preset charge and discharge voltage range when the battery health status is greater than or equal to a first threshold. When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge and discharge voltage range, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold. When the battery health status is below a second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to a second preset charge / discharge voltage range. In one possible implementation, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a first preset charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module is further configured to: Obtain the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system and the rated capacity of the energy storage system within the first preset charge and discharge voltage range; When the actual discharge capacity equals the rated capacity, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the voltage range adjustment module is also used for: When the actual discharge capacity is not equal to the rated capacity, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted until the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the adjusted charge and discharge voltage range equals the rated capacity.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the charging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is greater than the charging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range, and / or, the discharging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is less than the discharging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range.

[0022] In one possible implementation, after widening the first preset charge / discharge voltage range to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module is further configured to: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the rated charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the rated charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0023] In one possible implementation, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a second preset charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module is further configured to: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the second preset charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application provides a configuration and operation method, apparatus, and energy storage system for an energy storage system, relating to the field of energy storage technology. Before the energy storage system is put into operation, its capacity is over-proportioned according to a preset over-proportioning ratio, significantly increasing the initial available capacity. During operation, the voltage window is dynamically adjusted according to the battery health status. Specifically, when the battery health status is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to a first preset charge / discharge voltage range; when the battery health status is greater than or equal to a second threshold but less than the first threshold, the first preset charge / discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge / discharge voltage range; when the battery health status is less than the second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to a second preset charge / discharge voltage range. In the early stage of system operation after over-proportioning, narrowing the voltage window and limiting the initial depth of discharge, while fully utilizing the available capacity, helps to slow down the degradation of the cells within the energy storage system. In the middle stage of system operation, as the cells degrade, the voltage window is widened to release more available capacity. In the later stage of system operation, to adapt to the aging characteristics of the battery, the voltage window is gradually narrowed to ensure the safety of system operation and reduce the rate of battery performance degradation.

[0025] This application, by over-sizing capacity and dynamically adjusting the charging and discharging voltage range according to the battery's health status, can fully tap the potential energy storage space of the energy storage system in the early, middle, and late stages, while ensuring battery performance and lifespan, thereby improving its initial available power and the economic efficiency throughout its entire life cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the configuration and operation method of the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the configuration and operation device of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In this embodiment of the application, unless otherwise stated, the character " / " indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an OR relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B. "AND / OR" describes the relationship between the associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A AND / OR B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of this application are used only for distinguishing descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying order.

[0029] In the embodiments of this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. Furthermore, "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, which may include any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of A, B, or C can represent: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. Each of A, B, and C can be an element itself or a set containing one or more elements.

[0030] In this application, terms such as "exemplary," "in some embodiments," and "in another embodiment" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the term "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner.

[0031] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction, their meanings are consistent. Similarly, in the embodiments of this application, "communication" and "transmission" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction, their meanings are consistent. For example, transmission can include sending and / or receiving, and can be a noun or a verb.

[0032] In the embodiments of this application, the term "equal to" can be used in conjunction with "greater than" to apply to technical solutions employing the condition of "greater than", and can also be used in conjunction with "less than" to apply to technical solutions employing the condition of "less than". It should be noted that when "equal to" is used with "greater than", it cannot be used with "less than"; and when "equal to" is used with "less than", it cannot be used with "greater than".

[0033] The following will explain the terms used in this application: (1) Nominal refers to the reference standard value used for identification, naming or design.

[0034] (2) Voltage window refers to the voltage range that the battery is allowed to operate in. It is a voltage range defined by two key points: the lower discharge limit and the upper charge limit. The lower discharge limit can also be called the discharge cutoff voltage, which refers to the lowest voltage that can be dropped during discharge (corresponding to the empty state). The upper charge limit can also be called the charging cutoff voltage, which refers to the highest voltage that can be reached during charging (corresponding to the fully charged state).

[0035] (3) The nominal voltage window (or safe operating voltage range) refers to the voltage range in which the energy storage system can operate safely, stably and with optimal cycle life within its design life.

[0036] In the initial stages of an energy storage system's operation, the battery's health is at its optimal level, and the system's actual charge / discharge capacity is typically higher than its nominal rated capacity. However, to protect the battery, simplify the design, or follow a conservative strategy, energy storage systems are usually limited to operating within their nominal voltage window, rated power, and rated capacity, resulting in "capacity overkill" early in their lifecycle. Since the initial phase of a project represents a significant cost investment, if the available capacity cannot be maximized, it will directly impact the project's return on investment, leading to a waste of initial investment.

[0037] Furthermore, in related technologies, the charge and discharge cutoff voltage of energy storage systems is usually a fixed value, without considering the degradation of battery performance and lifespan for dynamic adjustment. This results in the energy storage system being unable to fully utilize its potential energy storage space in the middle and later stages of operation, leading to "underutilization" in the middle and later stages of its life cycle.

[0038] Based on the above problems, this application proposes a configuration and operation method, device and energy storage system for an energy storage system, which can fully explore the potential energy storage space of the energy storage system in the early, middle and late stages, and improve its initial available power and the economy of the whole life cycle, while ensuring battery performance and life.

[0039] The energy storage system provided in this application includes: a battery pack, a battery management system (BMS), an energy management system (EMS), and a thermal management system; wherein, the battery pack includes multiple battery cells; the battery management system is used to monitor the voltage, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH) of the battery cells; the energy management system is used to adjust the charging and discharging voltage range according to the battery's state of health and to calculate the charging and discharging capacity; the thermal management system is used to cool or heat the battery.

[0040] Optionally, the battery management system includes a voltage monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, a state of health (SOH) estimation module, an equalization control module, and a thermal management linkage module. The voltage monitoring module and temperature monitoring module are used to monitor the voltage and temperature of the battery cells, respectively. The SOH estimation module is used to estimate the battery health status. The equalization control module is used to control the cell capacity to be consistent. The thermal management linkage module is used to link the battery management system with the thermal management system to control the battery temperature.

[0041] The energy management system includes a voltage window control module and a capacity calculation module. The voltage window control module is used to adjust the charging and discharging voltage range according to the battery health status; the capacity calculation module is used to calculate the charging and discharging capacity.

[0042] The thermal management system includes a liquid cooling system and an air cooling system. The liquid cooling system exchanges heat with the battery through the circulation of coolant, while the air cooling system removes heat through air conditioning and fans.

[0043] In some embodiments, the energy storage system may further include: a power conversion system (PCS, also known as an energy storage converter), auxiliary systems, and a fire protection system. The PCS serves as a bridge connecting the battery system to the power grid (or load) and executes charging and discharging commands; the auxiliary systems are used for lighting, video surveillance, and environmental monitoring; and the fire protection system includes fire detectors (smoke, temperature, combustible gas), fire alarm controllers, and fire extinguishing devices.

[0044] The configuration and operation methods of the energy system provided in this application will be specifically described in the following embodiments.

[0045] Figure 1 The flowchart illustrating the configuration and operation method of the energy storage system provided in this application embodiment specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Before the energy storage system is put into operation, the capacity of the energy storage system is over-allocated according to the preset over-allocation ratio.

[0046] Before the energy storage system is put into operation, that is, during the design phase of the energy storage system, a "capacity over-provisioning" strategy is implemented, so that the total nominal capacity of the battery cluster or battery system is greater than the rated value of the initial available capacity that is publicly announced or planned to be used. For example, if the plan is to provide 1MWh of initial available power, the actual installed total nominal capacity is 1.2MWh, which is an over-provisioning ratio of 20%.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the energy storage system is over-sizing according to a preset over-sizing ratio, including: The over-capacity of the energy storage system is determined according to the preset over-capacity ratio; The capacity of a single battery cell is determined based on the over-supplied capacity and the set number of cells. An oversized energy storage system is composed of multiple cells with the same individual capacity.

[0048] This application maintains the number, size, structure, series / parallel connection, and arrangement of cells in the battery pack or battery cluster unchanged in the initial state of the energy storage system. It simply replaces the original cells with higher-capacity cells of the same specification, directly increasing the total system capacity and achieving initial over-sizing. Specifically, the over-sizing capacity of the energy storage system is determined based on a preset over-sizing ratio. Then, the capacity of each individual cell is determined based on the over-sizing capacity and the set number of cells, i.e., the higher-capacity cells of the same specification are selected. The over-sizing energy storage system is then constructed by connecting multiple high-capacity cells in series and parallel.

[0049] Compared to other over-sizing methods, such as increasing the number of battery cells or battery clusters, this application directly replaces the original battery cells with higher capacity cells, with the number of series, cluster structure, and BMS control logic remaining basically unchanged. It has the lowest modification cost, good system compatibility, low risk, does not change volume and weight, and has the best space utilization.

[0050] This application adopts an oversizing approach by replacing cells with higher-capacity ones while maintaining the cell quantity, series-parallel structure, and arrangement. When combined with dynamic voltage window adjustment to achieve capacity expansion, compared to increasing the number of cells or battery clusters, it can achieve safer, more stable, and wider-range dynamic voltage window adjustment without changing the system voltage platform, modifying the structure and thermal management scheme, or increasing control complexity. This is achieved by relying on the smoother voltage characteristics and greater capacity redundancy of the high-capacity cells themselves. This not only increases the initial available capacity of the system but also continuously taps into potential energy storage space throughout its entire life cycle. At the same time, it avoids problems such as inconsistency deterioration and increased thermal risk caused by increasing the number of cells or overly aggressive strategies. This is conducive to significantly improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage system throughout its entire life cycle while ensuring battery safety and performance.

[0051] Optionally, the preset over-provision ratio ranges from 10% to 30%.

[0052] This application sets the capacity over-proportion to 10% to 30%. Under the premise of keeping the number of cells connected in series and parallel, structural size and arrangement unchanged, the total system capacity is increased by 10% to 30% compared with the rated capacity by replacing the original cells with higher capacity cells.

[0053] This oversizing range ensures sufficient capacity redundancy during dynamic voltage window adjustment, increasing initial available power, while avoiding increased costs, greater difficulty in consistency management, and increased thermal safety risks due to excessive oversizing ratio. It achieves efficient exploitation and economic optimization of potential energy space throughout the entire battery lifecycle while ensuring battery safety and performance.

[0054] Step S12: During the operation of the energy storage system, obtain the battery health status and rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system.

[0055] Specifically, obtain the State of Harmony (SOH) and rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system. It can be understood that SOH refers to the ratio of the actual amount of electricity discharged by the battery under rated operating conditions to the rated amount of electricity. A higher SOH value indicates a higher battery capacity retention rate and better battery health; conversely, a lower SOH value indicates more severe battery degradation.

[0056] For the entire energy storage system, its rated charge / discharge voltage range is obtained by multiplying the number of cells connected in series by a corresponding factor. For example, if the rated charge / discharge voltage range of a cell is 2.8V-3.6V, and the energy storage system includes 4 battery modules, each containing 52 cells, then the rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system is 582.4V-748.8V.

[0057] In the following embodiments, the dynamic adjustment of the charging and discharging voltage range of a single cell is used as an example for illustration. It can be understood that the charging and discharging voltage range of the entire energy storage system will also be dynamically adjusted according to the charging and discharging voltage range of the cells.

[0058] Different battery cells have different characteristics and different rated charge and discharge voltage ranges. For example, the voltage window of lithium iron phosphate cells is usually 2.5V - 3.7V, while the voltage window of sodium ion cells is usually 1.5V - 4.0V.

[0059] Step S13: When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the rated charge and discharge voltage range is narrowed to the first preset charge and discharge voltage range.

[0060] In this step, when the State of Harmony (SOH) is greater than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., 100%), the rated charge / discharge voltage range of the battery cell is narrowed, for example, by lowering the upper limit of the charging voltage and / or raising the lower limit of the discharging voltage, to obtain a first preset charge / discharge voltage range. For example, if the rated charge / discharge voltage range of the battery cell is 2.5V-3.7V, the narrowed first preset charge / discharge voltage range is 2.6V-3.65V.

[0061] This application enables the entire system to use high-capacity cells in the initial state, achieving initial over-sizing. Under this premise, the depth of discharge (DOD) range (i.e., shrinking voltage range) can be limited in the initial state, which helps to delay the degradation of cell life in the system and reduce system auxiliary power consumption. At the same time, since only the initial capacity of the battery is increased, the number of cells connected in series in the system remains unchanged, thus not affecting the power of the PCS.

[0062] It should be noted that auxiliary power consumption refers to heat dissipation power consumption, such as the operating power consumption of a liquid cooling system. By controlling the voltage range, the discharge capacity and state of charge (SOC) of the battery cell can be controlled, reducing the direct current resistance (DCR) and heat generation, thereby lowering the system's auxiliary power consumption.

[0063] In some embodiments, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a first preset charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: Obtain the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system and the rated capacity of the energy storage system within the first preset charge and discharge voltage range; When the actual discharge capacity equals the rated capacity, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped.

[0064] In this embodiment, a capacity cutoff method is adopted to dynamically adjust the voltage range of the battery cell within the first preset charge and discharge voltage range. The actual energy of the control system is equal to the rated capacity, which can stably control the available capacity, effectively avoid overcharging and over-discharging, improve the battery operation safety and capacity utilization, and enable the system to work stably and safely throughout its entire life cycle.

[0065] In some embodiments, the method further includes: When the actual discharge capacity is not equal to the rated capacity, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted until the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the adjusted charge and discharge voltage range equals the rated capacity.

[0066] In the initial stage when the battery health status is greater than or equal to the first threshold, when the actual discharge capacity is inconsistent with the rated capacity, the system dynamically adjusts the first preset charge and discharge voltage range to ensure that the available capacity is fully utilized and does not exceed the safety boundary.

[0067] Specifically, when the actual discharge capacity exceeds the rated capacity, it indicates that the cell is in good health and has sufficient capacity redundancy. At this time, the system can appropriately widen the lower limit of the discharge voltage to further release potential capacity without triggering undervoltage protection. For example, if the rated capacity of the cell is 100Ah and the actual discharge reaches 110Ah, the system will dynamically lower the discharge cutoff voltage from 2.6V to 2.55V. By widening the lower limit of the discharge voltage, the initial usable capacity is increased while ensuring safety, improving the system's energy utilization rate, and reserving adjustment space for capacity decay in the later stages of the entire life cycle.

[0068] When the actual discharge capacity of a battery cell falls below its rated capacity due to aging, poor consistency, or temperature rise, the cell's internal resistance increases and the voltage drop accelerates. In this situation, the system can appropriately lower the discharge voltage limit to prevent the cell from entering a deep undervoltage region. For example, if a battery cell has a rated capacity of 100Ah but the actual discharge capacity is only 85Ah, the system can dynamically increase the discharge cutoff voltage from 2.6V to 2.65V. By appropriately lowering the discharge voltage limit, over-discharge can be prevented from further degrading the cell's performance, reducing the risk of thermal runaway and short circuits, while maintaining stable discharge power output and ensuring system reliability.

[0069] This application dynamically adjusts the voltage range based on the difference between the actual discharge capacity and the rated capacity, which can fully utilize the available space when the cell capacity is too high and promptly shrink the safety boundary when the capacity is too low, thereby achieving a dynamic balance between safety, performance and economy throughout the entire life cycle.

[0070] Step S14: When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge and discharge voltage range.

[0071] The first threshold is greater than the second threshold. The second threshold can be, for example, 65%, or any value between 65% and 70%. This application does not limit the second threshold and it can be set according to actual needs.

[0072] In this step, when SOH is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold (e.g., 65% ≤ SOH < 100%), the first preset charge / discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge / discharge voltage range. This widening of the charge / discharge voltage range means increasing the upper limit of the charging voltage and / or decreasing the lower limit of the discharging voltage. For example, the charge / discharge voltage range of the battery cell is widened from the first preset charge / discharge voltage range (2.6V-3.65V) to the rated charge / discharge voltage range of the battery cell (2.5V-3.7V).

[0073] In this application, as the cell capacity decays and the actual discharge capacity of the cell is less than the rated capacity, more usable energy is released by widening the charge and discharge voltage range. Simultaneously, the charge and discharge voltage is limited to the rated voltage range, ensuring that the charge and discharge behavior remains within the rated safety boundary while maximizing the potential energy space of the aging cell, thus balancing battery safety and system availability. Furthermore, by reasonably widening the voltage range, the rapid voltage drop caused by increased internal resistance and polarization is mitigated, maintaining stable power output of the system.

[0074] In some optional embodiments, after widening the first preset charge / discharge voltage range to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the rated charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the rated charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0075] When SOH is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold (e.g., 65%≤SOH<100%), a voltage cutoff method is used for charge and discharge control. When the voltage exceeds the first preset charge and discharge voltage range, the charge and discharge action is immediately stopped and the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted. Using voltage over-limit cutoff as a fast protection measure can quickly prevent the cell from entering the over-voltage or under-voltage danger range and ensure that the cell always works within the safe range.

[0076] Meanwhile, when a voltage over-limit occurs and triggers cutoff, the energy storage system is controlled to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range by adjusting the charging and discharging voltage range. This makes the subsequent charging and discharging range more closely match the actual performance of the battery cell, improving capacity utilization while ensuring safety.

[0077] This application combines voltage cutoff and capacity cutoff methods during the operation of the energy storage system, so that the two work together to improve capacity utilization while ensuring safety, and make the system more robust under complex operating conditions.

[0078] Step S15: When the battery health status is less than the second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to the second preset charge / discharge voltage range.

[0079] In this step, when the State of Harmony (SOH) is less than a second threshold (e.g., 65%), the rated charge / discharge voltage range of the battery cell is narrowed, for example, by lowering the upper limit of the charging voltage and / or raising the lower limit of the discharging voltage, to obtain a second preset charge / discharge voltage range. For example, if the rated charge / discharge voltage range of the battery cell is 2.5V-3.7V, the narrowed second preset charge / discharge voltage range is 2.8V-3.5V.

[0080] Optionally, the second preset charge / discharge voltage range may be the same as or different from the first preset charge / discharge voltage range.

[0081] When the State of Health (SOH) of the battery is less than 65%, the cell has already experienced capacity decay. At this point, further narrowing the voltage range can prevent the cell from entering undervoltage or overvoltage regions during its decay state, reducing safety risks such as thermal runaway and internal short circuits, ensuring system safety in the later stages and delaying performance degradation. Furthermore, narrowing the voltage range without exceeding the rated voltage boundary avoids the safety hazards of aging cells while preserving as much usable discharge capacity as possible, achieving a balance between safety and economy throughout the entire lifespan.

[0082] In some optional embodiments, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a second preset charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the second preset charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0083] When the State of Harmony (SOH) is less than the second threshold (e.g., 65%), a voltage cutoff method is used for charge and discharge control. When the voltage exceeds the second preset charge and discharge voltage range, the charging and discharging action is immediately stopped and the second preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted. Voltage over-limit cutoff serves as a rapid protection measure, quickly preventing the cell from entering the over-voltage or under-voltage danger zone and ensuring that the cell always operates within a safe range. Simultaneously, after a voltage over-limit occurs and cutoff is triggered, the energy storage system is controlled to charge and discharge within the adjusted range by adjusting the charge and discharge voltage range. This makes the subsequent charge and discharge range more closely match the cell's current actual performance, improving capacity utilization while ensuring safety.

[0084] In some optional embodiments, the charging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging and discharging voltage range is less than the charging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, and / or, the discharging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging and discharging voltage range is greater than the discharging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging and discharging voltage range.

[0085] In this application, the charging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is greater than the charging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range, and / or, the discharging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is less than the discharging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range. For example, the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is 2.6V-3.65V, and the second preset charging / discharging voltage range is 2.8V-3.5V, indicating that the degree of narrowing the voltage range the second time is greater than the degree of narrowing the voltage range the first time.

[0086] When the energy storage system is initially oversupplied, the cells exhibit excellent initial performance. By narrowing the voltage range, the initial aging rate can be reduced, the cell lifespan degradation in the system can be slowed down, and the system's auxiliary power consumption can be lowered. Sufficient capacity redundancy can also be reserved, laying the foundation for stable operation throughout the entire lifespan. Later in the cell lifespan, to control cell temperature, further slow down the cell lifespan degradation rate, and improve overall system safety, the voltage window is narrowed again, eventually converging to a more conservative voltage operating range to ensure system safety and mitigate performance degradation.

[0087] Based on this, this application sets the second narrowing of the voltage range to a greater extent than the first narrowing of the voltage range. This avoids rapid lifespan degradation due to excessive use in the early stages and prevents capacity idleness due to conservative strategies in the later stages, achieving an optimal balance between safety, lifespan, and economy.

[0088] This application over-supplied the energy storage system with a preset over-supplied ratio before operation, significantly increasing the initial available capacity. During operation, the voltage window was dynamically adjusted based on the battery health status. Specifically, when the battery health status was greater than or equal to a first threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range was narrowed to a first preset charge / discharge voltage range; when the battery health status was greater than or equal to a second threshold but less than the first threshold, the first preset charge / discharge voltage range was widened to the rated charge / discharge voltage range; and when the battery health status was less than the second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range was narrowed to a second preset charge / discharge voltage range. In the early stage of system operation after over-suppliing, narrowing the voltage window and limiting the initial depth of discharge, while fully utilizing the available capacity, helps to slow down the degradation of the cells within the energy storage system. In the middle stage of system operation, as the cells degrade, the voltage window is widened to release more available capacity. In the later stage of system operation, the voltage window is gradually narrowed to adapt to battery aging characteristics, ensuring the safety of system operation and reducing the rate of battery performance degradation.

[0089] In some optional embodiments, the method further includes: During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage system, the battery temperature is acquired; The operating mode of the thermal management system is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

[0090] During the voltage range widening phase (e.g., charging to 3.7V), the increased voltage range may lead to increased cell heating. The system monitors the battery temperature in real time through the BMS and adjusts the thermal management system's operating mode in conjunction with the EMS to achieve optimized thermal-electric coupling control and reduce auxiliary power consumption. For example, when the battery temperature is too high, the liquid cooling system's cooling mode is activated or the fan is started to dissipate heat from the battery; when the battery temperature is too low, the liquid cooling system's heating mode is activated to heat the battery, ensuring that the cell operates within a safe temperature range while optimizing auxiliary power consumption.

[0091] This application fully considers the synergistic optimization of thermal management and auxiliary power consumption during the dynamic adjustment of the voltage range, avoiding abnormal cell temperature rise caused by widening or narrowing of the voltage range. Through synergistic control of thermal management, the cell temperature is maintained within a safe and suitable range, reducing the risk of thermal runaway and ensuring the safety of battery operation. It achieves dynamic matching of voltage regulation, temperature control and power consumption management, and while tapping potential capacity, it ensures efficient, stable and low-consumption operation of the system, further improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage system throughout its entire life cycle.

[0092] In some optional embodiments, the thermal management system includes a liquid cooling system, which operates in three modes: a primary cooling mode, a secondary cooling mode, and a tertiary cooling mode, wherein the water temperature decreases sequentially in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cooling modes. The operating mode of the heat dissipation system is adjusted according to the battery temperature, including: When the battery temperature is greater than the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, the first-level cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the second-level cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature exceeds the third temperature threshold, the three-level cooling mode is activated.

[0093] Optionally, the first temperature threshold is 30℃, the second temperature threshold is 35℃, and the third temperature threshold is 40℃. The water temperatures for the first-level cooling mode, the second-level cooling mode, and the third-level cooling mode are 25℃, 18℃, and 10℃, respectively. When the battery temperature is greater than 30℃ and less than or equal to 35℃, the first-level cooling mode is activated; when the battery temperature is greater than 35℃ and less than or equal to 40℃, the second-level cooling mode is activated; and when the battery temperature is greater than 40℃, the third-level cooling mode is activated.

[0094] In other embodiments, the liquid cooling system may operate in other modes, such as multi-stage cooling, heating, or self-circulation.

[0095] This application achieves precise control of battery temperature through the working mode of the battery temperature regulation liquid cooling system, keeping the battery in the optimal operating temperature range at all times, avoiding local overheating or low-temperature performance degradation caused by widening the voltage window, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the battery.

[0096] In some alternative embodiments, the thermal management system includes a fan, and the method further includes: The fan speed is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

[0097] In this implementation, the thermal management system includes a fan, and the fan speed is controlled based on the acquired battery temperature. For example, when the battery temperature is high, the fan speed is increased; when the battery temperature drops, the fan speed is decreased; and when the battery temperature stabilizes within the normal operating range, the fan stops rotating. This maintains the battery pack within a suitable operating temperature range, avoiding the risk of thermal runaway due to overheating. It also prevents the fan from running at full load for extended periods. By adjusting the fan speed according to actual heat dissipation needs, heat dissipation power consumption is effectively reduced, and the overall energy utilization rate of the energy storage system is improved.

[0098] This application links dynamic voltage range adjustment with the thermal management system, which not only ensures the safe operation of the battery cells within the set voltage range, but also reduces the energy consumption of the auxiliary system and further improves the system's energy efficiency.

[0099] In some optional embodiments, the method further includes: Obtain the state of charge of all cells in the energy storage system; The capacity of all cells is kept consistent based on the state of charge and a preset balancing strategy.

[0100] During the long-term operation of energy storage systems, inconsistencies in cell capacity can easily arise due to factors such as differences in cell manufacturing, uneven ambient temperature, and varying rates of internal resistance decay. This application addresses this issue by real-time acquisition of voltage, current, and temperature information for each cell, online estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of individual cells, and obtaining the SOC of all cells in the energy storage system. Then, based on a preset balancing strategy, energy transfer or charge / discharge regulation is applied to each cell to bring their SOC and available capacity to a consistent level, achieving capacity balancing among cells. By introducing a cell state monitoring and balancing mechanism, the system can maintain consistent output capacity at different SOC stages, improving overall system reliability and economy.

[0101] By eliminating capacity differences between cells through a balancing strategy, the system avoids limiting the depth of charge and discharge of the entire cluster due to weaker cells, fully leveraging the performance of high-capacity cells, improving the overall available capacity and energy utilization of the system, extending the overall lifespan of the energy storage system, and improving its overall lifecycle economics. Simultaneously, consistent cell capacity provides a stable and consistent cell foundation for dynamic voltage window adjustment, ensuring that the system can safely and efficiently tap into its potential energy storage capacity throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0102] This application uses a BMS to monitor the battery's State of Health (SOH) in real time, dynamically adjusts the charge / discharge cutoff voltage, and combines this with a State of Charge (SOC) balancing strategy to ensure consistent cell status, allowing the same cell to output different capacities under different SOH states. Furthermore, it introduces a cell sorting mechanism (using cells from the same batch to match the capacity of existing cells in the system when replacing cells) and a balancing mechanism (active and passive balancing), combined with the coordinated control of multiple parameters such as voltage, internal resistance, and temperature, to achieve consistent capacity output, ensuring that different cells output the same capacity under the same SOH state.

[0103] In some alternative embodiments, the balancing strategy includes active balancing and passive balancing.

[0104] Passive balancing, under the control of the BMS, involves connecting power resistors in parallel across the two ends of individual cells to discharge cells with higher state of charge in an energy-consuming manner, dissipating excess energy as heat and making the SOC of each cell more consistent. This method is simple to implement and has low cost, but it has high energy loss and low efficiency.

[0105] Active balancing refers to the transfer of energy between multiple battery cells through inductors, capacitors, or DC / DC conversion circuits, directing the energy of high-SOC cells to low-SOC cells, thereby achieving efficient energy redistribution. This method has fast balancing speed and low energy loss, and can significantly improve balancing efficiency and system energy efficiency.

[0106] This application prefers active balancing because when the voltage window is dynamically adjusted and the capacity utilization rate is widened, the capacity difference between cells is more easily amplified. Active balancing can quickly and efficiently eliminate inconsistencies, reduce energy loss, and improve the available capacity of the system. At the same time, it can better adapt to the needs of refined management throughout the entire life cycle, taking into account safety, capacity utilization and economy.

[0107] In this application, a two-layer balancing strategy based on SOC and SOH is adopted. The upper layer is the EMS that adjusts the voltage window according to the total output capacity requirement of the system and SOH, and the lower layer is the BMS that actively balances the cell capacity to ensure that the output capacity of each cell is consistent under the same SOH state.

[0108] In some optional embodiments, when the battery health state is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, before widening the first preset charge and discharge voltage range to the rated charge and discharge voltage range, the difference between the highest and lowest state of charge among all cells in the energy storage system is calculated, that is, the range of cell SOC is calculated. When the range of cell SOC is less than the set threshold, the step of widening the charge and discharge voltage range is then performed.

[0109] In this embodiment, before performing dynamic voltage range adjustment, the system first determines the completion of cell equalization. Only when the SOC difference between each cell is less than a set threshold (such as 2% or 3%), is it allowed to widen the voltage window. If equalization is not completed, a narrower voltage range is maintained until consistency is achieved.

[0110] Specifically, before widening the charge / discharge voltage range, the BMS acquires the SOC of each individual cell in real time and calculates the range difference. When the SOC range difference is ≤2%, equalization is considered complete, allowing dynamic widening of the voltage range to the rated voltage range based on the battery's SOH, fully utilizing the over-sizing capacity. When the SOC range difference is >2%, consistency is considered insufficient, and excessive widening of the voltage range is prohibited until consistency conditions are met before widening the voltage range. This method avoids premature voltage drops in weaker cells, maximizing the system's usable capacity.

[0111] In some optional embodiments, when the system performs active balancing, the activation threshold and balancing current of active balancing can also be adjusted according to the average cell temperature. The activation threshold refers to the SOC range.

[0112] Specifically, the system collects the temperature data and SOC of each cell in real time, calculates the average temperature of all cells, and determines whether the conditions for balanced startup are met.

[0113] When the average temperature of the cells is greater than or equal to 25℃ and less than or equal to 35℃, the equalization start threshold is set to SOC range ≥ 2%, and the rated equalization current (e.g., 5A) is used until the SOC range of each cell is ≤ 1.5% and then equalization stops to ensure equalization efficiency and speed, and to adapt to the requirements of dynamic voltage window adjustment for cell consistency.

[0114] When the average temperature of the battery cell is greater than 35℃ but less than 40℃, in order to avoid the battery cell overheating due to additional heat generation during the equalization process, the equalization start threshold is increased to SOC range ≥3%, while the equalization current is reduced to 3A. At the same time, the temperature is monitored in real time. If the temperature continues to rise, the equalization is paused and the battery cell heat dissipation is prioritized.

[0115] When the average temperature of the battery cell is less than 15℃ or greater than 40℃, the internal resistance of the battery cell increases and the electrochemical performance becomes unstable. At this time, the active balancing operation is suspended, and the balancing start threshold is adjusted to SOC range ≥ 5% (only activated when there is extreme inconsistency). At the same time, the thermal management system (fan or liquid cooling) is activated. After the battery cell temperature returns to the normal operating temperature range, the normal balancing strategy is restored.

[0116] This application embodiment adopts a dynamic adjustment balancing strategy based on the real-time temperature of the battery cells, which enables the balancing operation to be coordinated and adapted with the battery cell temperature status and thermal management system. This not only ensures the capacity consistency between battery cells and provides a stable basis for dynamic voltage range adjustment, but also avoids the thermal risks caused by the balancing process, slows down battery cell aging, and takes into account system safety, balancing efficiency and economic efficiency throughout the entire life cycle.

[0117] Based on the same idea, this application also provides a configuration and operation setting for an energy storage system, such as... Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the configuration and operation device for an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. The configuration and operation device 20 for the energy storage system mainly includes: The capacity over-sizing module 21 is used to over-size the energy storage system according to a preset over-sizing ratio before the energy storage system is put into operation. The acquisition module 22 is used to acquire the battery health status and rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system during operation. Voltage range adjustment module 23 is used to narrow the rated charge and discharge voltage range to a first preset charge and discharge voltage range when the battery health status is greater than or equal to a first threshold. When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge and discharge voltage range, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold. When the battery health status is less than the second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to the second preset charge / discharge voltage range.

[0118] In one possible implementation, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to the first preset charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module 23 is further configured to: Obtain the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system and the rated capacity of the energy storage system within the first preset charge and discharge voltage range; When the actual discharge capacity equals the rated capacity, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped.

[0119] In one possible implementation, the voltage range adjustment module 23 is also used for: When the actual discharge capacity is not equal to the rated capacity, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted until the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the adjusted charge and discharge voltage range equals the rated capacity.

[0120] In one possible implementation, the charging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is greater than the charging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range, and / or, the discharging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging / discharging voltage range is less than the discharging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging / discharging voltage range.

[0121] In one possible implementation, after widening the first preset charge / discharge voltage range to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module 23 is further configured to: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the rated charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the rated charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0122] In one possible implementation, after narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to the second preset charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module 23 is further configured to: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system will be stopped, and the second preset charging and discharging voltage range will be adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

[0123] In one possible implementation, the configuration and operation device 20 of the energy storage system further includes a thermal management control module, used for: During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage system, the battery temperature is acquired; The operating mode of the thermal management system is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

[0124] In one possible implementation, the thermal management system includes a liquid cooling system, which operates in three modes: a primary cooling mode, a secondary cooling mode, and a tertiary cooling mode, wherein the water temperature decreases sequentially in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cooling modes. The thermal management control module is also used for: When the battery temperature is greater than the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, the first-level cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the second-level cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature exceeds the third temperature threshold, the three-level cooling mode is activated.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the thermal management system includes a fan, and the thermal management control module is further used for: The fan speed is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

[0126] In one possible implementation, the configuration and operation device 20 of the energy storage system further includes an equalization module, used for: Obtain the state of charge of all cells in the energy storage system; The capacity of all cells is kept consistent based on the state of charge and a preset balancing strategy.

[0127] One possible implementation method includes active equilibrium and passive equilibrium strategies.

[0128] In one possible implementation, the capacity over-provisioning module 21 is also used for: The over-capacity of the energy storage system is determined according to the preset over-capacity ratio; The capacity of a single battery cell is determined based on the over-supplied capacity and the set number of cells. An oversized energy storage system is composed of multiple cells with the same individual capacity.

[0129] In one possible implementation, the preset over-provision ratio ranges from 10% to 30%.

[0130] Figure 2 The configuration and operation device 20 of the energy storage system provided in the embodiment shown can be used to execute the technical solution of the method embodiment shown in this application. Its implementation principle and technical effect can be further referred to the relevant description in the method embodiment.

[0131] The above should be understood Figure 2The division of the modules in the energy storage system configuration and operation device 20 shown is merely a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. These modules can be implemented entirely in software via processing element calls; they can be fully implemented in hardware; or some modules can be implemented in software via processing element calls, while others are implemented in hardware. For example, the acquisition module can be a separate processing element or integrated into a chip in an electronic device. The implementation of other modules is similar. Furthermore, these modules can be fully or partially integrated together, or they can be implemented independently. During implementation, each step of the above method or each of the above modules can be completed through integrated logic circuits in the hardware of the processor element or through software instructions.

[0132] In summary, this application achieves the following technical effects through capacity over-provisioning design and dynamic adjustment of the charge and discharge voltage range based on the battery's health status: (1) Significantly increase the initial available power: In the early stage of project commissioning, the actual dispatchable and usable power of the system is much higher than that of the traditional system operating at a fixed nominal capacity, which can increase by 2%-5% or more (depending on the over-proportion ratio and the degree of voltage openness).

[0133] (2) Improve the initial return on investment: In the initial stage when the cost input is the highest, the system output capability is the strongest, and it can participate in more market activities such as peak and valley arbitrage and auxiliary services, thereby increasing revenue and shortening the investment recovery period.

[0134] (3) Smooth power output throughout the entire life cycle: As the battery degrades, by gradually narrowing the voltage window, the available power of the system gradually decreases from the initial "over-generation" state, making the power output curve of the entire life cycle more stable and improving the reliability of system planning and the accuracy of economic prediction.

[0135] (4) Safety and controllability: The voltage range is strictly limited within the safe electrochemical window provided by the battery manufacturer, and the battery’s inherent safety and service life are ensured by dynamic adjustment based on SOH.

[0136] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the protection scope of this application. The protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for configuring and operating an energy storage system, characterized in that, The method includes: Before the energy storage system is put into operation, the capacity of the energy storage system is over-provisioned according to a preset over-provision ratio; During the operation of the energy storage system, the battery health status and rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system are obtained; When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to the first preset charge / discharge voltage range. When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the first preset charge / discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold; When the battery health status is less than the second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to the second preset charge / discharge voltage range.

2. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, After narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a first preset charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: Obtain the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the first preset charge and discharge voltage range and the rated capacity of the energy storage system; When the actual discharge capacity equals the rated capacity, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped.

3. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the actual discharge capacity is not equal to the rated capacity, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted until the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the adjusted charge and discharge voltage range is equal to the rated capacity.

4. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The charging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging and discharging voltage range is greater than the charging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, and / or the discharging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging and discharging voltage range is less than the discharging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging and discharging voltage range.

5. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, After widening the first preset charge / discharge voltage range to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the rated charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped, and the rated charging and discharging voltage range is adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

6. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, After narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a second preset charge / discharge voltage range, the method further includes: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped, and the second preset charging and discharging voltage range is adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

7. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage system, the battery temperature is acquired; The operating mode of the thermal management system is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

8. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a liquid cooling system, which operates in three modes: a primary cooling mode, a secondary cooling mode, and a tertiary cooling mode, wherein the water temperature decreases sequentially in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cooling modes. The operating mode of the heat dissipation system is adjusted according to the battery temperature, including: When the battery temperature is greater than the first temperature threshold and less than or equal to the second temperature threshold, the first-level cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature is greater than the second temperature threshold and less than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the secondary cooling mode is activated. When the battery temperature exceeds the third temperature threshold, the three-level cooling mode is activated.

9. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a fan, and the method further includes: The fan speed is adjusted according to the battery temperature.

10. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the state of charge of all cells in the energy storage system; The capacity of all cells is kept consistent according to the state of charge and a preset balancing strategy.

11. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The equilibrium strategies include active equilibrium and passive equilibrium.

12. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage system is over-proportioned according to a preset over-proportion ratio, including: The over-capacity of the energy storage system is determined according to the preset over-capacity ratio; The capacity of a single battery cell is determined based on the over-capacity and the set number of cells. An oversized energy storage system is composed of multiple cells with the same individual capacity.

13. The configuration and operation method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset over-proportion range is 10% to 30%.

14. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a battery pack, a battery management system, an energy management system, and a thermal management system; wherein the battery pack includes multiple battery cells; the battery management system monitors the voltage, temperature, state of charge, and state of health of the battery cells; the energy management system adjusts the charge / discharge voltage range according to the battery's state of health and calculates the charge / discharge capacity; the thermal management system cools or heats the battery; and the energy storage system employs the configuration and operation method of the energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1-13.

15. A configuration and operation device for an energy storage system, characterized in that, The device includes: The capacity over-provisioning module is used to over-provision the energy storage system according to a preset over-provisioning ratio before the energy storage system is put into operation. The acquisition module is used to acquire the battery health status and rated charge / discharge voltage range of the energy storage system during operation. A voltage range adjustment module is used to narrow the rated charge / discharge voltage range to a first preset charge / discharge voltage range when the battery health status is greater than or equal to a first threshold. When the battery health status is greater than or equal to the second threshold and less than the first threshold, the first preset charge / discharge voltage range is widened to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold; When the battery health status is less than the second threshold, the rated charge / discharge voltage range is narrowed to the second preset charge / discharge voltage range.

16. The configuration and operation device for the energy storage system according to claim 15, characterized in that, After narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to the first preset charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module is further configured to: Obtain the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the first preset charge and discharge voltage range and the rated capacity of the energy storage system; When the actual discharge capacity equals the rated capacity, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped.

17. The configuration and operation device for the energy storage system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The voltage range adjustment module is also used for: When the actual discharge capacity is not equal to the rated capacity, the first preset charge and discharge voltage range is adjusted until the actual discharge capacity of the energy storage system within the adjusted charge and discharge voltage range is equal to the rated capacity.

18. The configuration and operation apparatus for the energy storage system according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized in that, The charging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging and discharging voltage range is greater than the charging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, and / or the discharging cutoff voltage of the first preset charging and discharging voltage range is less than the discharging cutoff voltage of the second preset charging and discharging voltage range.

19. The configuration and operation device for the energy storage system according to claim 15, characterized in that, After widening the first preset charge / discharge voltage range to the rated charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module is further configured to: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the rated charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped, and the rated charging and discharging voltage range is adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

20. The configuration and operation device for the energy storage system according to claim 15, characterized in that, After narrowing the rated charge / discharge voltage range to the second preset charge / discharge voltage range, the voltage range adjustment module is further configured to: If the charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage system exceeds the second preset charging and discharging voltage range, the charging and discharging of the energy storage system is stopped, and the second preset charging and discharging voltage range is adjusted to control the energy storage system to charge and discharge within the adjusted charging and discharging voltage range.

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