Ganoderma lucidum growth method in soil culture

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of soil culture ganoderma lucidum growth methods, belong to edible mushroom planting technical field, to solve the technical problems of poor soil adaptability, extensive environmental regulation, unstable quality of existing ganoderma lucidum soil culture.The method includes five steps of site selection and soil preparation, base preparation and laying, inoculation, controllable humidity management, environmental regulation and harvesting, selects particle size 0.005-0.05mm, organic matter content 0.8%-1.5%, pH value 7.2-8.0, water retention porosity 35%-45% of shanxi original loess as matrix, collocating composting broadleaf sawdust and other raw materials to prepare base, realize accurate humidity control by straw mulching+timed spraying, combined with base fermentation, gravel layer laying and other optimization measures, without using chemical pesticides and fertilizers throughout the process.The application adapts to the growth characteristics of ganoderma lucidum, can effectively improve the survival rate, dry product rate and medicinal ingredient content of ganoderma lucidum, realize high-quality, high-yield, green scale planting of ganoderma lucidum, and has good popularization and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention provides a method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil, belonging to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Reishi mushroom, a traditional and precious medicinal fungus, is rich in medicinal components such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids. It has the effects of enhancing human immunity and regulating metabolism, and its market demand is increasing day by day. At present, the cultivation of reishi mushroom is mainly based on bag cultivation and log cultivation. The bag cultivation method has problems such as easy depletion of substrate nutrients, poor air permeability, and uneven quality of reishi mushrooms; log cultivation is limited by timber resources, has higher costs, and has a certain impact on the environment.

[0003] Soil cultivation, as a planting method that more closely resembles the natural growth environment of Ganoderma lucidum, has gradually gained attention. However, existing soil cultivation techniques mostly use ordinary soil without optimizing soil parameters for the growth characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum. Furthermore, the control of environmental factors such as humidity and temperature is often rudimentary, easily leading to problems such as mycelial rot, poor fruiting body development, and the proliferation of pests and diseases, resulting in low yields and unstable quality. At the same time, existing soil cultivation techniques do not fully utilize regionally specific soil resources, making it difficult to further improve the medicinal quality of Ganoderma lucidum. Therefore, developing a soil-cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum that is adapted to specific soils, precisely controlled, and green and efficient has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of existing Ganoderma lucidum cultivation techniques, such as poor soil adaptability, extensive environmental control, low yield, unstable quality, and reliance on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, this invention provides a soil-cultivated Ganoderma lucidum growth method. By utilizing native loess soil with specific parameters in Shanxi Province and combining precise environmental control with green planting concepts, the above-mentioned technical problems can be solved, achieving high-quality, high-yield, and green cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum in soil, comprising the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot of land in the loess region of Shanxi Province. The loess in Shanxi Province is the original loess with a particle size of 0.005-0.05mm, an organic matter content of 0.8%-1.5%, a pH value of 7.2-8.0, and a water retention porosity of 35%-45%. Remove weeds and stones from the plot, plow it to a depth of 25-35cm, and let it dry for 7-10 days to form a loose and breathable soil base bed. S2. Preparation and laying of substrate: Mix Shanxi loess, decomposed broadleaf sawdust, corn cob, and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 6:2:1:1. Add 0.3%-0.5% calcium carbonate to adjust the pH value and control the moisture content of the substrate to 55%-65%. Lay the substrate on the soil cultivation bed with a thickness of 15-20cm to form a soil cultivation planting layer. S3. Inoculation: Spread the Ganoderma lucidum spawn evenly on the surface of the soil cultivation layer. The inoculation amount is 0.8-1.2 kg per square meter. After inoculation, cover with 2-3 cm of fine Shanxi loess soil, compact it and keep the surface flat. S4. Controllable Humidity Management: The open-air soil cultivation mode outside the greenhouse is adopted. Humidity is controlled by a combination of covering the ground with straw and timed spraying. During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, the soil cultivation layer moisture content is maintained at 60%-65% and the relative humidity of the air is 70%-75%. During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, the soil cultivation layer moisture content is maintained at 65%-70% and the relative humidity of the air is 85%-90%. Spraying uses atomizing nozzles. The amount of spraying per time is enough to moisten the surface of the loess without water accumulation. Spraying is carried out 2-4 times a day, avoiding the midday high temperature period. S5. Environmental control and harvesting: Maintain good ventilation in the planting area, control the light intensity at 500-1500 lux, and maintain the temperature at 22-28℃. Harvest the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies after they mature.

[0006] Furthermore, after deep cultivation in step S1, a 1-2cm thick layer of crushed stone with a particle size of 1-3cm is laid at the bottom of the soil-cultivated bed to improve the drainage and aeration of the loess bed and prevent water accumulation that could cause the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium to rot.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S4, the straw mulch is made of corn straw or wheat straw, with a straw length of 5-10cm and a mulch thickness of 3-5cm. The straw mulch can reduce the evaporation of loess moisture and regulate the surface temperature, thereby reducing the fluctuation range of humidity.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S4, the water used for spraying is clean groundwater with a pH value of 6.5-7.5. Spraying is carried out by dividing the area into timed spraying zones, with each 50 square meters forming a spraying unit. The spraying duration and frequency are independently controlled to achieve precise humidity control.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the base material is fermented after mixing. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 55-60℃ and the fermentation time is 7-10 days. After fermentation, it is spread out to room temperature before being laid down to kill miscellaneous bacteria in the base material and improve the nutrient utilization rate of the loess base material.

[0010] Furthermore, the Shanxi loess is dried and crushed before use, and then passed through a 20-40 mesh sieve to remove large particles and impurities, ensuring uniform loess particle size and improving the water retention uniformity of the soil cultivation layer.

[0011] Furthermore, during the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, a breathable and moisturizing film is laid at intervals on the surface of the loess planting layer. The breathable and moisturizing film has evenly distributed air pores with a diameter of 0.5-1cm to further stabilize the soil humidity and reduce water loss.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S5, spraying is stopped 3-5 days before harvesting to reduce the moisture content of the loess to 55%-60%, which promotes the lignification of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and improves the dry product rate and the stability of medicinal components.

[0013] Furthermore, no chemical pesticides or fertilizers are used throughout the entire growth cycle. Relying on the natural nutrients of the loess soil in Shanxi and controlled humidity management, green soil cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum is achieved, ensuring the medicinal quality of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the soil-cultivated Ganoderma lucidum growth method of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention selects native loess with specific parameters from Shanxi as a soil cultivation substrate. Its particle size, organic matter content, pH value and water retention porosity are all suitable for the growth requirements of Ganoderma lucidum, which can provide a stable growth environment for the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium and the development of fruiting bodies. At the same time, it utilizes the natural nutrients of loess to improve the medicinal quality of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0015] 2. By adopting a combination of straw mulching and timed spraying for humidity control, and combining optional zoned spraying and breathable and moisturizing membranes, precise humidity control is achieved during the mycelial growth period and the fruiting body growth period, reducing water loss and humidity fluctuations, preventing mycelial rot, and promoting robust fruiting body growth.

[0016] 3. Through optimized steps such as substrate fermentation, loess screening, and gravel layer laying, we effectively kill unwanted bacteria, improve drainage and aeration, and enhance nutrient utilization, thereby further ensuring the stability of Ganoderma lucidum growth and increasing yield.

[0017] 4. No chemical pesticides or fertilizers are used throughout the entire growth cycle, achieving green cultivation, avoiding pesticide residues, ensuring the medicinal safety and quality purity of Ganoderma lucidum, and making it suitable for large-scale promotion and application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The technical background of this application fully explains the problems of the prior art, and there are no overarching or general issues. The following description of the invention and specific embodiments will specifically describe the problems that this application needs to solve, clarify the technical problems that the technical solution needs to solve, and determine that the technical solution of this application has beneficial effects compared with the objective prior art. Example

[0020] This embodiment provides a method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land in the loess region of Shanxi Province. The loess in Shanxi Province is native loess with a particle size of 0.005mm, an organic matter content of 0.8%, a pH value of 7.2, and a water retention porosity of 35%. After drying and crushing the loess, it is sieved through a 20-mesh sieve to remove large particles and impurities. Remove weeds and stones from the plot, and plow to a depth of 25cm. After deep plowing, lay a 1cm thick layer of crushed stone with a particle size of 1cm at the bottom of the soil-supported bed. Then, dry it for 7 days to form a loose and breathable soil-supported bed.

[0021] S2. Preparation and laying of substrate: Mix Shanxi loess, decomposed broadleaf sawdust, corn cob, and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 6:2:1:1. Add 0.3% calcium carbonate to adjust the pH value. After mixing, ferment the substrate at a temperature of 55℃ for 7 days. After fermentation, spread it out to room temperature and control the moisture content of the substrate to 55%. Lay the substrate on the soil cultivation bed with a thickness of 15cm to form a soil cultivation planting layer.

[0022] S3. Inoculation: Spread the Ganoderma lucidum spawn evenly on the surface of the soil cultivation layer. The inoculation amount is 0.8 kg per square meter. After inoculation, cover with 2 cm of fine Shanxi loess soil, compact it and keep the surface flat.

[0023] S4. Controllable humidity management: The open-air soil cultivation mode is adopted outside the greenhouse. The surface is covered with corn stalks with a length of 5cm and a covering thickness of 3cm. The water used for spraying is clean groundwater with a pH value of 6.5. Atomizing nozzles are used. The amount of water sprayed at one time is enough to moisten the surface of the loess without water accumulation. Spraying is carried out twice a day, avoiding the midday high temperature period. During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, the soil cultivation layer is kept at a moisture content of 60% and the relative humidity of the air is 70%. During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, the soil cultivation layer is kept at a moisture content of 65% and the relative humidity of the air is 85%.

[0024] S5. Environmental control and harvesting: Maintain good ventilation in the planting area, control the light intensity at 500 lux, and maintain the temperature at 22℃; during the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, lay breathable and moisturizing film at intervals on the surface of the loess planting layer, and open evenly distributed air pores with a pore diameter of 0.5cm on the breathable and moisturizing film; stop spraying 3 days before harvesting, reduce the humidity of the loess to 55%, and harvest after the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies are mature.

[0025] This embodiment achieves green soil cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum without the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers throughout the entire growth cycle, relying on the natural nutrients of the Shanxi loess soil and controlled humidity management. Statistics show that the survival rate of Ganoderma lucidum in this embodiment reached 92%, the dry product rate reached 85%, and the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content reached 1.2%. Example

[0026] This embodiment provides a method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land in the loess region of Shanxi Province. The loess in Shanxi Province is native loess with a particle size of 0.03mm, an organic matter content of 1.2%, a pH value of 7.6, and a water retention porosity of 40%. After drying and crushing the loess, it is sieved through a 30-mesh sieve to remove large particles and impurities. Remove weeds and stones from the plot, and plow to a depth of 30cm. After deep plowing, lay a 1.5cm thick layer of crushed stone with a particle size of 2cm at the bottom of the soil-supported bed. Then, dry it for 8 days to form a loose and breathable soil-supported bed.

[0027] S2. Preparation and laying of substrate: Mix Shanxi loess, decomposed broadleaf sawdust, corn cob, and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 6:2:1:1. Add 0.4% calcium carbonate to adjust the pH value. After mixing, ferment the substrate at a temperature of 58℃ for 8 days. After fermentation, spread it out to room temperature and control the moisture content of the substrate to 60%. Lay the substrate on the soil cultivation bed with a thickness of 18cm to form a soil cultivation planting layer.

[0028] S3. Inoculation: Spread the Ganoderma lucidum spawn evenly on the surface of the soil cultivation layer. The inoculation amount is 1.0 kg per square meter. After inoculation, cover with 2.5 cm thick Shanxi loess fine soil, compact it and keep the surface flat.

[0029] S4. Controllable Humidity Management: An open-air soil cultivation method is adopted outside the greenhouse, with wheat straw 8cm long and 4cm thick covering the ground surface. The spraying water is clean groundwater with a pH of 7.0, using atomizing nozzles and a zoned, timed spraying system. Each 50-square-meter unit independently controls the spraying duration and frequency. The amount of water sprayed at one time is sufficient to moisten the surface of the loess without water accumulation. Spraying is done three times daily, avoiding the midday high-temperature period. During the mycelial growth period of Ganoderma lucidum, the soil cultivation layer maintains a moisture content of 63% and a relative humidity of 72%. During the fruiting body growth period, the soil cultivation layer maintains a moisture content of 68% and a relative humidity of 88%.

[0030] S5. Environmental Control and Harvesting: Maintain good ventilation in the planting area, control the light intensity at 1000 lux, and maintain the temperature at 25℃. During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, lay breathable and moisturizing membranes at intervals on the surface of the loess planting layer. The breathable and moisturizing membranes have evenly distributed ventilation holes with a diameter of 0.8cm. Stop spraying 4 days before harvesting to reduce the humidity of the loess to 58%. Harvest after the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies are mature.

[0031] This embodiment achieves green soil cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum without the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers throughout the entire growth cycle, relying on the natural nutrients of the Shanxi loess soil and controlled humidity management. Statistics show that the survival rate of Ganoderma lucidum in this embodiment reached 95%, the dry product rate reached 88%, and the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content reached 1.5%. Example

[0032] This embodiment provides a method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land in the loess region of Shanxi Province. The loess in Shanxi Province is native loess with a particle size of 0.05mm, an organic matter content of 1.5%, a pH value of 8.0, and a water retention porosity of 45%. After drying and crushing the loess, it is sieved through a 40-mesh sieve to remove large particles and impurities. Remove weeds and stones from the plot and plow to a depth of 35cm. After deep plowing, lay a 2cm thick layer of crushed stone with a particle size of 3cm at the bottom of the soil-supported bed. Then, let it dry for 10 days to form a loose and breathable soil-supported bed.

[0033] S2. Preparation and laying of substrate: Mix Shanxi loess, decomposed broadleaf sawdust, corn cob, and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 6:2:1:1. Add 0.5% calcium carbonate to adjust the pH value. After mixing, ferment the substrate at a temperature of 60℃ for 10 days. After fermentation, spread it out to room temperature and control the moisture content of the substrate to 65%. Lay the substrate on the soil cultivation bed with a thickness of 20cm to form a soil cultivation planting layer.

[0034] S3. Inoculation: Spread the Ganoderma lucidum spawn evenly on the surface of the soil cultivation layer. The inoculation amount is 1.2 kg per square meter. After inoculation, cover with 3 cm of fine Shanxi loess soil, compact it and keep the surface flat.

[0035] S4. Controllable Humidity Management: An open-air soil cultivation method is adopted outside the greenhouse, with the surface covered by 10cm-long corn stalks, 5cm thick. The spraying water is clean groundwater with a pH of 7.5, using atomizing nozzles and a zoned, timed spraying system. Each 50-square-meter area is a spraying unit, with independent control of spraying duration and frequency. The amount of water sprayed per application is sufficient to moisten the surface of the loess without water accumulation. Spraying is done four times daily, avoiding the midday high-temperature period. During the mycelial growth period of Ganoderma lucidum, the soil cultivation layer maintains a moisture content of 65% and a relative humidity of 75%. During the fruiting body growth period, the soil cultivation layer maintains a moisture content of 70% and a relative humidity of 90%.

[0036] S5. Environmental control and harvesting: Maintain good ventilation in the planting area, control the light intensity at 1500 lux, and maintain the temperature at 28℃; during the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, lay breathable and moisturizing film at intervals on the surface of the loess planting layer, and open evenly distributed air pores with a pore diameter of 1cm on the breathable and moisturizing film; stop spraying 5 days before harvesting, reduce the humidity of the loess to 60%, and harvest after the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies are mature.

[0037] This embodiment achieves green soil cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum without the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers throughout the entire growth cycle, relying on the natural nutrients of the Shanxi loess soil and controlled humidity management. Statistics show that the survival rate of Ganoderma lucidum in this embodiment reached 94%, the dry product rate reached 87%, and the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content reached 1.4%.

[0038] The above three embodiments correspond to different combinations of technical features in the claims. Embodiment 1 adopts the basic technical solution and some optimization measures, Embodiment 2 adopts medium parameters and more optimization measures, and Embodiment 3 adopts upper limit parameters and all optimization measures. All of them can achieve high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. Moreover, Embodiment 2 has the best overall effect and can be used as the preferred implementation method.

[0039] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, but merely one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil, comprising the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot of land in the loess region of Shanxi Province. The loess in Shanxi Province is the original loess with a particle size of 0.005-0.05mm, an organic matter content of 0.8%-1.5%, a pH value of 7.2-8.0, and a water retention porosity of 35%-45%. Remove weeds and stones from the plot, plow it to a depth of 25-35cm, and let it dry for 7-10 days to form a loose and breathable soil base bed. S2. Preparation and laying of substrate: Mix Shanxi loess, decomposed broadleaf sawdust, corn cob, and wheat bran in a mass ratio of 6:2:1:

1. Add 0.3%-0.5% calcium carbonate to adjust the pH value and control the moisture content of the substrate to 55%-65%. Lay the substrate on the soil cultivation bed with a thickness of 15-20cm to form a soil cultivation planting layer. S3. Inoculation: Spread the Ganoderma lucidum spawn evenly on the surface of the soil cultivation layer. The inoculation amount is 0.8-1.2 kg per square meter. After inoculation, cover with 2-3 cm of fine Shanxi loess soil, compact it and keep the surface flat. S4. Controllable Humidity Management: The open-air soil cultivation mode outside the greenhouse is adopted. Humidity is controlled by a combination of covering the ground with straw and timed spraying. During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, the soil cultivation layer moisture content is maintained at 60%-65% and the relative humidity of the air is 70%-75%. During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, the soil cultivation layer moisture content is maintained at 65%-70% and the relative humidity of the air is 85%-90%. Spraying uses atomizing nozzles. The amount of spraying per time is enough to moisten the surface of the loess without water accumulation. Spraying is carried out 2-4 times a day, avoiding the midday high temperature period. S5. Environmental control and harvesting: Maintain good ventilation in the planting area, control the light intensity at 500-1500 lux, and maintain the temperature at 22-28℃. Harvest the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies after they mature.

2. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: After deep cultivation in step S1, a 1-2cm thick layer of crushed stone with a particle size of 1-3cm is laid at the bottom of the soil-cultivated bed to improve the drainage and aeration of the loess bed and prevent water accumulation that could cause the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium to rot.

3. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the straw mulch is made of corn straw or wheat straw, with a straw length of 5-10cm and a mulch thickness of 3-5cm. The straw mulch can reduce the evaporation of loess moisture, while regulating the surface temperature and reducing the fluctuation of humidity.

4. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the water used for spraying is clean groundwater with a pH value of 6.5-7.

5. Spraying is carried out by dividing the area into timed spraying zones, with each 50 square meters forming a spraying unit. The spraying duration and frequency are independently controlled to achieve precise humidity control.

5. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the base material is mixed and then fermented. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 55-60℃ and the fermentation time is 7-10 days. After fermentation, it is spread out to room temperature before being laid down to kill miscellaneous bacteria in the base material and improve the nutrient utilization rate of the loess base material.

6. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before use, the Shanxi loess is dried, crushed, and sieved through a 20-40 mesh screen to remove large particles and ensure uniform loess particle size, thereby improving the water retention uniformity of the soil cultivation layer.

7. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the growth period of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, a breathable and moisturizing film is laid at intervals on the surface of the loess planting layer. The breathable and moisturizing film has evenly distributed air pores with a diameter of 0.5-1cm to further stabilize the soil humidity and reduce water loss.

8. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, spraying is stopped 3-5 days before harvesting to reduce the moisture content of the loess to 55%-60%, which promotes the lignification of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and improves the dry product rate and the stability of medicinal components.

9. The method for growing Ganoderma lucidum in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: No chemical pesticides or fertilizers are used throughout the entire growth cycle. Relying on the natural nutrients of the loess soil in Shanxi and controlled humidity management, green soil cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum is achieved, ensuring the medicinal quality of Ganoderma lucidum.