A method for precise inoculation of gallnut dwarfing and dense planting and multiplication of aphids

Abstract

The application discloses a gallnut dwarfing and dense planting and precise layering inoculation method, which comprises five steps of dwarfing seedling cultivation of rhus copallinum, dwarfing and dense planting, soilless cultivation of winter host moss and overwintering and nursing of aphid, precise layering inoculation of aphid, field management and harvesting. A high adaptability rhus copallinum source is screened, dwarfing and dense planting is realized through multi-effect azole regulation, the soilless moss bed substrate is optimized to cultivate moss, 11000-13000 aphids are inoculated per square meter and temperature and humidity are controlled to overwinter, in spring, precise inoculation is carried out according to the three-layer structure of the rhus copallinum crown layer, matching different specifications of moss blocks, inoculation densities and components, water and fertilizer management and green prevention and control are combined with the period of insect galls, and natural airing and harvesting are carried out. The application constructs a collaborative planting system, is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, improves the survival rate and the aphid knotting rate of aphid, realizes waste recycling, is suitable for large-scale and intensive planting, and significantly improves the yield and quality of gallnut.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation, specifically involving a method for dwarfing and dense planting of gallnuts and precise inoculation of gallnuts by layering. Background Technology

[0002] Gallnut, a unique insect gall medicinal material in my country, is a product formed by the parasitic stimulation of gall aphids on plants of the genus *Rhus* (such as *Rhus chinensis* and *Populus alba*) in the Anacardiaceae family. Its core active ingredients are tannic acid and gallic acid, which have the effects of astringing the lungs and reducing internal heat, astringing the intestines and stopping diarrhea, and astringing sweat and stopping bleeding. It is widely used in many fields such as medicine, chemical industry, electronics, and food, and has significant economic and medicinal value. The formation of gallnut depends on the synergistic effect of three factors: gall aphid, summer host, and winter host. Among them, the growth status and planting mode of the summer host, as well as the inoculation method and conservation level of the gall aphids, directly determine the yield and quality of gallnut.

[0003] Currently, the cultivation of gallnuts in my country still faces many technical shortcomings that urgently need to be addressed, and its practicality is insufficient: First, summer host plant cultivation mostly adopts the traditional tall-tree cultivation model. Plants such as sumac grow too tall and have dense canopies, resulting in poor ventilation and light penetration in the field. Lower leaves cannot receive sufficient sunlight, which is also unfavorable for gall aphid migration and parasitism. The fruiting sites are mainly concentrated in the upper canopy, limiting the number of fruits per unit area. At the same time, the pruning, fertilization, gall aphid inoculation, and gallnut harvesting of tall-tree plants are labor-intensive and costly, hindering large-scale management. While there are attempts at dwarfing and dense planting in existing technologies, these only control plant height without optimizing the canopy structure to meet the needs of gall aphid parasitism. Furthermore, the operation is complex and difficult for ordinary growers to master, leading to uneven nutrient distribution in dwarfed plants, which in turn affects gall aphid parasitism and gall development, resulting in poor practicality. Secondly, the inoculation of aphids often adopts a crude method of single density and single height, without optimizing the inoculation strategy according to the differences in the canopy structure of the summer host. This results in uneven distribution of aphids, with some branches being overly densely parasitized and others being unparasitized. This not only wastes aphid resources but also leads to smaller galls and inconsistent quality due to nutrient competition. Furthermore, the inoculation method is cumbersome and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale planting. Third, the overwintering conservation of daphnia relies heavily on traditional soil-based moss cultivation methods. However, moss substrates are prone to compaction and have poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. Furthermore, insufficient adaptation between daphnia and moss leads to a low survival rate of overwintering nymphs. Existing soilless moss cultivation and aphid rearing technologies simply replace the substrate without achieving precise adaptation between moss cultivation and daphnia conservation. Moreover, the substrate is costly and complex to prepare, and it does not synergize with the dwarfing and dense planting mode of summer hosts, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale inoculation and thus lacking practicality. At the same time, existing inoculation techniques do not fully utilize the migratory characteristics of daphnia, and the timing of inoculation does not match the growth cycle of new leaves of summer hosts well, further reducing the survival rate and doubling rate of inoculation.

[0004] While publicly available technologies mention techniques such as dwarfing and dense planting of Rhus chinensis, soilless moss cultivation and aphid rearing, and multiple releases (such as the technology promoted in Youyang area), these technologies are merely simple superpositions of single steps and do not form a synergistic system of "dwarfing and dense planting - soilless moss cultivation - stratified aphid inoculation." They do not solve the problem of synergistic supply of summer host nutrients and aphid parasitism after dwarfing and dense planting, nor do they achieve precise stratified inoculation of aphids and adaptive regulation of moss-aphid-summer host. Furthermore, they are complex to operate, costly, difficult to promote, and lack practicality, resulting in limited yield increases per unit area and failing to meet the needs of intensive production of Chinese medicinal materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for planting and inoculating gallnuts with aphids that is simple to operate, cost-controllable, and suitable for large-scale planting. This method deeply integrates summer host dwarfing and dense planting, winter host soilless cultivation, and stratified inoculation with aphids, and achieves synergistic adaptation of the three elements.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A method for dwarfing and dense planting of gallnut and precise inoculation of aphids in layers includes the following steps: Step 1: Standardized cultivation of dwarf sumac seedlings; Step 2: Dwarfing and dense planting of sumac seedlings and early management; Step 3: Standardized soilless cultivation of winter host mosses and overwintering conservation of aphids; Step 4: Precise inoculation of aphids in layers and post-inoculation management; Step 5: Comprehensive field management and harvesting.

[0007] Furthermore, the standardized cultivation of dwarf sumac seedlings in step 1 includes the screening and treatment of superior seed sources, preparation of dwarf seedbeds, sowing, and dwarf management during the seedling stage. When screening superior seed sources, the "aphid parasitism compatibility" index is added, and local native mature sumac plants with a past aphid parasitism rate of ≥80% and tannin content of ≥60% are selected as mother trees. In the dwarf management during the seedling stage, when the seedlings grow to a height of 15-20cm, a paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 50mg / L is sprayed, along with a 0.1% commercially available conventional amino acid foliar fertilizer, sprayed once every 10-12 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.

[0008] Furthermore, for the dwarfing and dense planting of Rhus chinensis in the second variety, the plant spacing is 1.5m × 2.0m. A 5-8cm thick layer of decomposed pine needles is laid at the bottom of the planting hole. 0.2% of commercially available rooting agent and 0.1% of locally fermented humus extract are added to the rooting water. Dwarfing and shaping after planting include: after leaf fall in the winter of the planting year, the top vigorous branches are pruned, and the main trunk height is retained at 50-60cm. Each main trunk retains 3-4 strong lateral branches. In subsequent years, after leaf fall in winter, the lateral branches are pruned and the top vigorous buds of the lateral branches are removed, and the length of the lateral branches is controlled not to exceed 40cm. A paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 80mg / L is sprayed once before bud break in spring each year.

[0009] Furthermore, in step 3, the standardized soilless cultivation of winter host mosses adopts a soilless moss bed; the cultivation substrate of the soilless moss bed is made by mixing well-rotted leaf mold, peat moss, perlite, and humic extract in a ratio of 3:2:1:0.5. The leaf mold and humic extract are prepared by on-site fermentation and laid on non-woven fabric with a thickness of 3-4 cm; when treating the moss, the moss segments are soaked in 0.1% glucose solution for 5-10 minutes, and the mosses selected are the locally common lateral branch creeping moss or gray moss.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 3, the inoculation density for overwintering aphid conservation was 11,000-13,000 aphids per square meter of moss bed. The overwintering environment was controlled at 11-16℃ and the relative humidity at 80%-85%. A 0.03% glucose solution was sprayed every 15 days, and the survival rate of overwintering nymphs reached over 88%. In the following spring, when promoting the emergence of overwintering nymphs, a 0.05% commercially available conventional amino acid solution was sprayed.

[0011] Furthermore, the timing for precise stratified inoculation of aphids in step 4 is in spring, from March to April, when the sumac has grown 4-6 new leaves, the leaves are fully expanded, and the emergence rate of spring migrating aphids reaches more than 92%. Inoculation should be carried out on a sunny, windless or light-winded morning between 8 and 10 a.m. One day before inoculation, the new sumac leaves should be sprayed with a 0.03% glucose solution.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 4, the sumac canopy is divided into three inoculation layers: a lower layer (30-50cm from the ground), a middle layer (50-80cm from the ground), and an upper layer (80-110cm from the ground). Different sizes of moss blocks, different inoculation densities, and optimized moss block composition are used: the lower layer uses 20cm×20cm moss blocks (with 5% decomposed pine needle powder added), the middle layer uses 15cm×15cm moss blocks (with 3% slag extract added), and the upper layer uses 10cm×10cm moss blocks (with 2% perlite powder added). The inoculation density of the middle layer is higher than that of the upper and lower layers.

[0013] Furthermore, in the stratified inoculation, each plant in the lower layer is suspended with 2-3 moss blocks, with an inoculation density of 1.2-1.5 moss blocks per square meter of branches; each plant in the middle layer is suspended with 3-4 moss blocks, with an inoculation density of 1.5-1.8 moss blocks per square meter of branches; each plant in the upper layer is suspended with 1-2 moss blocks, with an inoculation density of 1.0-1.2 moss blocks per square meter of branches; supplementary inoculation is performed using the "moss block spot application method".

[0014] Furthermore, in step 5, the water and fertilizer management in the field is precisely matched with the gall development cycle. During the gall formation period, 35-45 kg of superphosphate and 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. Topdressing is carried out using organic fertilizer containing gallnut residue to achieve waste recycling. Among them, gallnut residue is the residue after harvesting or the residue left over from processing. Pest and disease control adopts a three-in-one green control system of "summer host-winter host-gall aphid", giving priority to biological control and physical control. The pruned branches are mixed with gallnut residue to make organic fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 1, the seeds are sown when the white seed emergence rate reaches more than 85%; in step 5, the gallnuts are harvested when the color of the galls changes from green to yellowish-brown, the surface is smooth, and there are no cracks. After harvesting, they are naturally dried until the moisture content is 10%-12%. The remaining galls after harvesting are crushed and used to make organic fertilizer, without the need for artificial drying.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention innovatively constructs a synergistic system of "summer host dwarfing and dense planting - winter host soilless cultivation - stratified inoculation by aphids," achieving precise synergy among the three. It is simple to operate and has a clear process, which can be quickly mastered by ordinary growers through simple training. No professional equipment or technology is required. It is suitable for small-scale planting and large-scale planting bases and is highly practical. It achieves this through the dwarfing seedling cultivation of sumac and the adaptation and control of aphid parasitism, the synergy of canopy shaping and stratified inoculation, and the adaptation of soilless moss cultivation and aphid overwintering.

[0017] 2. In all stages of the present invention, such as the dwarfing cultivation of sumac, the cultivation of soilless mosses, and the inoculation of aphids, local and low-cost materials (such as straw, pine needles, and aphid residue) are given priority, which greatly reduces the planting cost and simplifies the operation process, avoiding complex manual control and investment in professional equipment.

[0018] 3. This invention optimizes the soilless moss bed substrate for winter host plants, adds humus extract, and incorporates moss seed treatment and aphid overwintering nutrient supplementation technology to achieve precise matching between moss growth and aphid overwintering, resulting in a high survival rate of overwintering nymphs. At the same time, it constructs a "waste recycling system" to convert moss residue, pruned branches, etc., into organic fertilizer, achieving green production and reducing fertilization costs.

[0019] 4. This invention deeply integrates summer host water and fertilizer management, winter host moss maintenance, and management after aphid inoculation to build a collaborative management system, realizing full-process control of "nutrient supply - aphid parasitism - gall development". It is easy to operate, low in cost, and suitable for large-scale and intensive production. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" or "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0022] A method for dwarfing and dense planting of gallnuts and precise inoculation of gallnut larvae by layering includes the following steps: Step 1: Standardized cultivation of dwarf sumac seedlings: This process includes three core steps: screening and treatment of superior seed sources, preparation of dwarfing seedbeds, and sowing and dwarfing management during the seedling stage. It also meets the requirements of the claims for sowing when the seed whitening rate reaches 85% or more and for dwarfing regulation during the seedling stage.

[0023] Superior seed source screening and treatment: Using local native sumac as the breeding target, mature and healthy plants with a previous aphid parasitism rate ≥80% and tannin content ≥60% were selected as mother trees. Mature and plump seeds were collected in autumn (September-October), impurities were removed, and the seeds were dried to a moisture content of 12%-15%. The seeds were then disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 15-20 minutes, mixed with moist fine sand at a ratio of 1:4, and stratified at 5-8℃ for 30-40 days. During this period, the seeds were turned over once every 7-10 days to maintain the moisture content of the fine sand at 60%-70%. Germination was stopped when the seed whitening rate reached 85% or more.

[0024] Preparation of dwarf seedbed: Select a flat, well-drained sandy loam soil, plow to a depth of 35-45cm, apply 2500-3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, level the soil and make ridges (ridge width 1.2-1.4m, ridge height 25-30cm). Disinfect the seedbed with 800 times diluted carbendazim solution before sowing to avoid seedling diseases.

[0025] Sowing and seedling dwarfing management: Sow when the spring temperature is consistently above 15℃, using 18-22 kg of seeds per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Cover with 1.5-2.5 cm of fine soil and compact it. Cover with straw to retain moisture, and maintain soil moisture at 65%-75% before emergence. Thin seedlings when they have 4-5 true leaves, spacing them 6-9 cm apart. When seedlings reach 15-20 cm in height, spray with a 50 mg / L paclobutrazol solution, along with a 0.1% commercially available amino acid foliar fertilizer, once every 10-12 days for 2-3 consecutive applications. During the seedling stage, apply a balanced NPK compound fertilizer once a month, promptly remove weeds, and use biological control methods to prevent aphids and spider mites during the seedling stage. Seedlings can be transplanted when they reach 70-90 cm in height.

[0026] Step 2: Dwarf and dense planting of Rhus chinensis and early management: This procedure strictly adheres to the requirements of the claims regarding the spacing of 1.5m × 2.0m between plants and rows, the laying of a layer of decomposed pine needles in the planting hole, the dwarfing and shaping parameters, and the application of paclobutrazol in spring.

[0027] Dense planting: Select a plot of land with sufficient sunlight and good drainage. After deep plowing to 30-35cm, dig planting holes at a spacing of 1.5m × 2.0m (hole diameter 55-65cm, hole depth 45-55cm). Lay a 5-8cm thick layer of decomposed pine needles at the bottom of the planting hole. Select strong dwarf seedlings for planting. Add 0.2% of commercially available rooting agent and 0.1% of locally fermented humus extract to the root water. After watering thoroughly, cover the roots with straw to retain moisture. Replant any dead seedlings 7-10 days after planting.

[0028] Post-planting dwarfing shaping and management: After leaf fall in the winter of the planting year, prune the top vigorous branches, retaining a main trunk height of 50-60cm, and retaining 3-4 strong lateral branches on each main trunk; every subsequent winter after leaf fall, prune the lateral branches and remove vigorous buds at the top of the lateral branches, controlling the length of the lateral branches to no more than 40cm; before budding in spring each year, spray once with a paclobutrazol solution at a concentration of 80mg / L to consolidate the dwarfing effect; in the first year after planting, water thoroughly once a month to maintain soil moisture of 60%-70%; after budding in spring and during the vigorous growth period in summer, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent excessive growth of the plants.

[0029] Step 3: Standardized soilless cultivation of winter host mosses and overwintering conservation of aphids: This step strictly follows the requirements of the claims regarding soilless moss bed substrate ratio, seed treatment, aphid inoculation density, overwintering environmental parameters, and nutrient supplementation for emergence, and the moss selected is local lateral branch creeping moss or gray moss.

[0030] Soilless moss bed preparation: Prepare the cultivation substrate by mixing well-rotted leaf mold, peat moss, perlite, and humic extract in a ratio of 3:2:1:0.5. The leaf mold and humic extract are prepared by on-site fermentation. Spread the substrate evenly on non-woven fabric to a thickness of 3-4 cm to form a soilless moss bed. Spray with water to make the substrate moisture content reach 75%-85%.

[0031] Moss treatment: Select healthy local lateral branch creeping moss or gray moss, cut them into 0.5-1.0cm segments, rinse with clean water, soak in 0.1% glucose solution for 5-10 minutes, drain and spread evenly on a soilless moss bed at a density of 200-250g per square meter. Construct a shade structure with a shading rate of 75%-85%, control the ambient temperature at 16-24℃ and the relative humidity at 85%-90%, and cultivate for 35-45 days until the moss coverage is above 85%.

[0032] Overwintering conservation of Galla chinensis: In autumn, from September to October, collect robust galls of Galla chinensis. After the galla aphids emerge, select healthy breeding aphids and inoculate them into the soilless moss bed at a density of 11,000-13,000 breeding aphids per square meter. After inoculation, control the overwintering environment temperature at 11-16℃ and the relative humidity at 80%-85%. Spray a 0.03% glucose solution every 15 days to ensure the overwintering nutrition of the galla aphids and ensure that the survival rate of overwintering nymphs reaches more than 88%. In the following spring, from February to March, to promote the emergence of overwintering nymphs, spray the moss bed with a 0.05% commercially available conventional amino acid solution until the spring-migrating aphids emerge.

[0033] Step 4: Stratified Precision Inoculation and Post-Inoculation Management for Aphids: This step strictly adheres to the claims regarding inoculation timing, canopy layer division, moss patch specifications / composition / inoculation density, and supplementary inoculation methods, achieving precise layered inoculation of the daphnia.

[0034] Preparation and timing of inoculation: In spring, from March to April, when the sumac has grown 4-6 new leaves and the leaves are fully expanded, and the emergence rate of spring aphids reaches more than 92%, choose a sunny, windless or light-winded morning between 8 and 10 am as the inoculation time; 1 day before inoculation, spray all new leaves of sumac evenly with 0.03% glucose solution to enhance the attraction of the new leaves to aphids.

[0035] Canopy layer division: Based on the height of the dwarfed canopy of Rhus chinensis, it is divided into three inoculation layers: lower layer (30-50cm from the ground), middle layer (50-80cm from the ground), and upper layer (80-110cm from the ground). The middle layer is the core layer with a higher inoculation density than the upper and lower layers.

[0036] Layered precision inoculation: Soilless moss blocks infested with spring migratory aphids were cut according to the requirements of each layer, and after adding components, they were hung on the corresponding canopy branches. The parameters of each layer strictly followed the limitations specified in claims 7 and 8. Lower layer: Use 20cm×20cm moss blocks (with 5% decomposed pine needle powder added), hang 2-3 moss blocks per plant, and the inoculation density is 1.2-1.5 moss blocks per square meter of branches; Middle layer: Use 15cm×15cm moss blocks (with 3% residue extract added), hang 3-4 moss blocks per plant, and the inoculation density is 1.5-1.8 moss blocks per square meter of branches; Upper layer: Use 10cm×10cm moss blocks (with 2% perlite powder added), hang 1-2 moss blocks per plant, and the inoculation density is 1.0-1.2 moss blocks per square meter of branches.

[0037] Post-inoculation management and supplementary inoculation: After inoculation, erect a shade net with a shading rate of 70%-75% above the moss blocks, maintain the humidity of the moss blocks at 75%-85%, and cover with plastic film to avoid rain during cloudy or rainy weather; check the parasitism status 7-10 days after inoculation, and supplement the inoculation of branches that have not been successfully parasitized using the "moss block spot application method". The "moss block spot application method" is a conventional planting method and an efficient and precise inoculation method for artificially cultivating moss, the winter host of the aphid. Specifically, the moss is cut into small pieces and "spotted" on the substrate at certain intervals to quickly establish a moss nursery and provide overwintering sites for the aphids; maintain the humidity of the park at 65%-75% for one month after inoculation and do not spray pesticides to prevent damage to the aphids.

[0038] Step 5: Integrated Field Management and Harvesting This process strictly adheres to the requirements regarding water and fertilizer management parameters, harvesting timing, drying moisture content, and waste recycling, thereby achieving refined field management and green harvesting.

[0039] Integrated field management: Water and fertilizer management is precisely matched with the gall development cycle. During the gall formation period, 35-45 kg of superphosphate and 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, and organic fertilizer containing gallnut residue is used for top dressing to achieve waste recycling. Pest and disease control adopts a three-in-one green control system of "summer host - winter host - gall aphid". Biological control (releasing natural enemies such as ladybugs and lacewings) and physical control (frequency vibration insecticidal lamps) are given priority. Low-toxicity biological pesticides are used when necessary. All pesticide spraying is stopped 30 days before harvest. During the growing season, weeds are removed in a timely manner, and overly dense and weak branches of sumac are pruned regularly. The pruned branches are mixed with gall residue to make organic fertilizer for continuous recycling.

[0040] Harvesting and processing: When the galls of the gallnuts change from green to yellowish-brown, and the surface is smooth and without cracks, they are harvested manually. During harvesting, care should be taken to avoid damaging the branches and immature galls. After harvesting, the gallnuts are placed in a well-ventilated and shady place to air dry naturally until the moisture content is 10%-12%. No artificial drying is required. After drying, they are graded, packaged and stored. The remaining galls after harvesting are crushed and used to make organic fertilizer, further realizing the full recycling of waste from gallnut planting and reducing planting costs.

[0041] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for dwarfing and dense planting of gallnuts and for precise stratified inoculation of gallnut aphids, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: Step 1: Standardized cultivation of dwarf sumac seedlings; Step 2: Dense planting and early management of dwarf sumac seedlings; Step 3: Standardized soilless cultivation of winter host mosses and overwintering conservation of aphids; Step 4: Stratified and precise inoculation of aphids and post-inoculation management; Step 5: Comprehensive field management and harvesting.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1, the standardized cultivation of dwarf sumac seedlings, includes the screening and treatment of superior seed sources, preparation of dwarf seedbeds, sowing, and dwarf management during the seedling stage. The screening of superior seed sources includes an "aphid parasitism compatibility" index, selecting mature native sumac plants with a past aphid parasitism rate ≥80% and tannin content ≥60% as mother trees. During the seedling dwarf management, when the seedlings reach a height of 15-20cm, a 50mg / L paclobutrazol solution is sprayed, along with a 0.1% commercially available conventional amino acid foliar fertilizer, sprayed once every 10-12 days, for 2-3 consecutive applications.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the spacing between plants for dense planting of Rhus chinensis dwarfing is 1.5m × 2.0m. A 5-8cm thick layer of decomposed pine needles is laid at the bottom of the planting hole. 0.2% of commercially available rooting agent and 0.1% of locally fermented humus extract are added to the rooting water. Post-planting dwarfing and shaping includes: after leaf fall in the winter of the planting year, prune the top vigorous branches, retain the main trunk height of 50-60cm, and retain 3-4 strong lateral branches on each main trunk. In subsequent years, after leaf fall in winter, prune the lateral branches and remove vigorous buds at the top of the lateral branches, and control the length of the lateral branches to no more than 40cm. Spray once a year in spring before bud break with paclobutrazol solution at a concentration of 80mg / L.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the standardized soilless cultivation of winter host mosses uses a soilless moss bed. The cultivation substrate of the soilless moss bed is made by mixing well-rotted leaf mold, peat moss, perlite, and humic extract in a ratio of 3:2:1:0.

5. The leaf mold and humic extract are prepared by on-site fermentation and laid on non-woven fabric with a thickness of 3-4 cm. When treating the moss, the moss segments are soaked in a 0.1% glucose solution for 5-10 minutes. The mosses selected are the locally common lateral branch creeping moss or gray moss.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the inoculation density for overwintering aphid conservation is 11,000-13,000 aphids per square meter of moss bed. The overwintering environment is controlled at 11-16℃ and the relative humidity is controlled at 80%-85%. A 0.03% glucose solution is sprayed every 15 days. The survival rate of overwintering nymphs reaches over 88%. In the following spring, when promoting the emergence of overwintering nymphs, a 0.05% commercially available conventional amino acid solution is sprayed.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the optimal time for precise stratified inoculation of the aphid is in spring, from March to April, when the sumac has grown 4-6 new leaves, the leaves are fully expanded, and the emergence rate of spring migrating aphids reaches more than 92%. Inoculation should be carried out on a sunny, windless or light-winded morning between 8 and 10 a.m. One day before inoculation, the new sumac leaves should be sprayed with a 0.03% glucose solution.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the sumac canopy is divided into three inoculation layers: a lower layer (30-50cm from the ground), a middle layer (50-80cm from the ground), and an upper layer (80-110cm from the ground). Different sizes of moss blocks and different inoculation densities are used, and the composition of the moss blocks is optimized: the lower layer uses 20cm×20cm moss blocks (with 5% decomposed pine needle powder added), the middle layer uses 15cm×15cm moss blocks (with 3% slag extract added), and the upper layer uses 10cm×10cm moss blocks (with 2% perlite powder added). The inoculation density of the middle layer is higher than that of the upper and lower layers.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the stratified inoculation, 2-3 moss blocks are hung on each plant in the lower layer, with an inoculation density of 1.2-1.5 moss blocks per square meter of branches; 3-4 moss blocks are hung on each plant in the middle layer, with an inoculation density of 1.5-1.8 moss blocks per square meter of branches; and 1-2 moss blocks are hung on each plant in the upper layer, with an inoculation density of 1.0-1.2 moss blocks per square meter of branches. Supplementary inoculation is carried out using the "moss block spot application method".

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the water and fertilizer management in the field is precisely matched with the gall development cycle. During the gall formation period, 35-45 kg of superphosphate and 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. Organic fertilizer containing gallnut residue is used for topdressing to achieve waste recycling. Pest and disease control adopts a three-in-one green control system of "summer host - winter host - gall aphid", giving priority to biological and physical control. The pruned branches are mixed with gall residue to make organic fertilizer.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: In step 1, sow the seeds when the white seed emergence rate reaches 85% or more; in step 5, harvest the galls when the color of the galls changes from green to yellowish-brown, the surface is smooth, and there are no cracks. After harvesting, air dry them naturally until the moisture content is 10%-12%. The remaining galls after harvesting are crushed and used to make organic fertilizer, without the need for artificial drying.