Grass carp compound feed formula and its preparation process

Abstract

The application discloses a formula of compound grass carp feed and a manufacturing process thereof; the feed is made of dry beer lees, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, wheat bran, soybean oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, salt, compound multivitamin and compound multimineral as raw materials; the dry beer lees, which is a by-product of daily beer production, has low acquisition cost and high nutritional value, is rich in protein, fat and various nutrients, and is used in the compound grass carp feed, so that the feed production cost can be reduced, the growth and development of the grass carp can be effectively promoted, and more considerable economic benefits can be brought.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to a grass carp compound feed formula and its manufacturing process. Background Technology

[0002] Grass carp is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae in the order Cypriniformes. The genus *Cyprinus* belongs to the bony fishes, order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Leuciscinae. It is a fish species endemic to my country. As a common food source in the country, the demand for grass carp is high, and conventional wild fishing cannot meet the demand. Therefore, grass carp farming is becoming increasingly popular. However, the farming environment differs from the wild environment, leading to nutritional deficiencies, slow growth, and even disease in grass carp raised using conventional methods, resulting in low overall economic benefits. Publication number CN105994957A discloses a grass carp feed comprising: soybean flour, yellow soybean flour, black soybean flour, wheat flour, millet flour, yellow millet flour, glutinous rice flour, corn flour, rice bran flour, oat flour, sesame flour, flaxseed flour, eggshells, crab shells, chicken breast meat, sunflower seeds, rapeseed, fish oil, spirulina, seaweed, laver, carrots, compound trace elements, citric acid, lactic acid, oyster shell powder, fish meal, glutathione, phospholipids, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, calcium gluconate, zinc gluconate, acetic acid, DHA, plant enzymes, alginate, houttuynia cordata, scutellaria baicalensis, dandelion, ryegrass, poria cocos, dried tangerine peel, platycodon grandiflorus, honeysuckle, woodworm, bamboo worm, yellow mealworm, rice worm, silkworm pupa, and bean worm. This feed requires a large quantity of raw materials, resulting in high overall production costs and low economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a low-cost, nutrient-rich compound feed formula for grass carp and its manufacturing process.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a grass carp compound feed formula, comprising the following mass percentages: 15-25% dried brewer's grains; 4-6% fishmeal; 24-30% soybean meal; 15-25% corn; 20-25% wheat bran; 1-5% soybean oil; 0.5-1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.3-0.7% salt; 0.3-0.7% compound multivitamins; and 0.3-0.7% compound minerals.

[0005] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This feed can meet all the nutritional needs of grass carp at a low cost. The feed is made from dried brewer's grains, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, wheat bran, soybean oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, salt, compound multivitamins, and compound minerals. Among them, the main ingredient, dried brewer's grains, is a by-product of daily beer production, so the cost of obtaining this raw material is low. Moreover, this raw material has high nutritional value and is rich in protein, fat, and other nutrients. Its use in grass carp compound feed can not only reduce feed production costs but also effectively promote the growth and development of grass carp, bringing more considerable economic benefits.

[0006] Furthermore, the composition includes: 20% dried brewer's grains; 5% fishmeal; 27% soybean meal; 20% corn; 22.7% wheat bran; 3% soybean oil; 0.8% calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.5% salt; 0.5% compound multivitamins; and 0.5% compound multiminerals.

[0007] This invention also includes a process for producing grass carp compound feed, comprising the following steps: S1. Pour the dried brewer's grains, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, and wheat bran into a cone cleaning screen to remove impurities, then perform magnetic separation, and then coarsely crush them. The fineness of the materials needs to pass through a 30-mesh screen. Then, they are sent to the batching silo for use via an elevator and distributor. S2. Weigh out the dry brewer's grains, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, and wheat bran by mass percentage, and then put them into a mixer for mixing until they are evenly mixed to form the first mixture. S3. The first mixture in step S2 is fed to an ultra-fine pulverizer for pulverization. After pulverization, it is screened by a rotary grading screen to remove the fine fluff formed by the coarse fiber in the feed during the pulverization process. Finally, it enters the feed silo for use. S4. Weigh calcium dihydrogen phosphate and salt by mass percentage. Pour the first mixture, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and salt into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and stir until evenly mixed. Then weigh the compound multi-dimensional and compound multi-mineral by mass percentage. Pour the compound multi-dimensional and compound multi-mineral into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and stir for 5-10 minutes to form the second mixture. Then send the second mixture into a conditioner for conditioning. S5. The second mixture after conditioning in step S4 is put into an extruder for extrusion to form extruded granules. Then the extruded granules are sent into a dryer for drying. The extrusion temperature of the extruder is controlled between 120 and 135°C, and the material stays in the extrusion chamber for 25 to 35 seconds. S6. Input the dried granules from step S5 into the external spraying system, then weigh soybean oil according to the mass percentage, and spray the soybean oil evenly onto the surface of the granules through a vacuum spraying machine. Then put the granules into a cooling tower for cooling to form feed. S7. Input the cooled feed from step S6 into a grading screen for grading. After grading, the material on the lower screen is directly fed into a scale for weighing. Finally, it is sent to a packaging machine for packaging and then sent to the finished product warehouse for later use. Furthermore, the rotary grading sieve in step S3 is 60 mesh, and the amount of material on the 80 mesh sieve after pulverization should be less than 5%.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S4, during the mixing process, all materials must be thoroughly mixed, with a mixing coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 10%, and hot water must be added, with the material moisture content controlled at around 18-26%.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S4, a double-layer conditioner is used in the conditioning process, the steam pressure is maintained at 0.3-0.4 MPa, the material temperature is raised to 85-90℃ and maintained for 3-5 minutes.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S5, the air inlet temperature of the dryer is set at 90-100℃, the moisture content of the dried particles is controlled below 9%, and the 3cm thick material layer needs to be dried for 20-25 minutes.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S6, the temperature of the material after cooling needs to be reduced to room temperature ±3℃, the cooling time is controlled at 15 to 20 minutes, the wind speed is adjusted at 1.5 to 2.0 m / s, and the moisture content of the cooled particles needs to be controlled below 12%.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S6, the temperature of the soybean oil is maintained at 50-60°C, and it is sprayed twice to ensure uniformity. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the shown orientation or positional relationships and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Example 1:

[0015] A grass carp compound feed formula comprises the following components by weight percentage: 15% dried brewer's grains; 4% fish meal; 24% soybean meal; 25% corn; 25% wheat bran; 4% soybean oil; 0.9% calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.7% salt; 0.7% compound multivitamins; and 0.7% compound multiminerals.

[0016] This invention also includes a process for producing grass carp compound feed, comprising the following steps: S1. After the dried brewer's grains, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, wheat bran, soybean oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, salt, compound multivitamins, and compound minerals are fed into the cone cleaning screen for impurity removal, then magnetically separated, and then fed into the crusher through the distributor or screw conveyor for coarse crushing. The fineness of the material needs to pass through a 30-mesh sieve. Finally, it is fed into the batching silo through the elevator and distributor for later use. Coarse grinding is a pretreatment step in aquatic feed processing, specifically for ultrafine grinding. Its main purpose is to reduce the particle size difference and variation range of materials, improve the working condition of the ultrafine grinder, increase its efficiency, and ensure stable product quality.

[0017] S2. Weigh the dry brewer's grains, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, and wheat bran separately by weight percentage using an electronic scale, and then put them into a mixer for mixing until they are evenly mixed to form the first mixture. The first batching and mixing is a pretreatment step for ultrafine grinding, which can reduce the variation range of material particle size, improve the working condition of the grinder, and increase grinding efficiency.

[0018] S3. After the first mixture in step S2 is lifted, it is conveyed to an ultra-fine pulverizer for pulverization. After pulverization, it is screened by a rotary grading screen to remove the fine fibers formed during the pulverization process. Finally, it enters the batching silo for use. The rotary grading screen is 60 mesh, and the amount of material on the 80 mesh screen after crushing should be less than 5%.

[0019] S4. Weigh calcium dihydrogen phosphate and salt by mass percentage. Pour the first mixture, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and salt into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and stir until evenly mixed. Then weigh the compound multi-dimensional and compound multi-mineral by mass percentage. Pour the compound multi-dimensional and compound multi-mineral into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and stir for 5-10 minutes to form the second mixture. Then send the second mixture into a conditioner for conditioning. A manual feeding port is provided above the mixer for adding trace additives and premixes, namely compound multi-dimensional and compound multi-mineral additives. The mixer is equipped with two liquid addition devices for adding oil and water respectively. During the mixing process, all materials must be fully mixed, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixture should be ≤10%, and hot water should be added. The moisture content of the materials needs to be controlled at around 25%.

[0020] During the conditioning process, the steam pressure is maintained at 0.3–0.4 MPa, and the material temperature is raised to 85–90°C and maintained for 3–5 minutes. The starch gelatinization degree needs to reach above 85% in this stage, directly affecting the puffing and molding effect. Operators need to monitor the material state at the end of the conditioner in real time; ideally, it should clump together when squeezed in the hand but crumble easily when released.

[0021] S5. The second mixture after conditioning in step S4 is put into an extruder for extrusion to form extruded granules. Then the extruded granules are sent into a dryer for drying. The extrusion temperature of the extruder is controlled between 120 and 135°C, and the material stays in the extrusion chamber for 25 to 35 seconds. Specifically, the pressure drops sharply when the material is extruded from the die hole of the extruder, causing the moisture in the material to change from liquid to gas and be released from the feed, resulting in the material puffing and forming puffed feed. The dryer is a multi-layer conveyor dryer with an inlet air temperature set at 90-100℃. The moisture content of the dried particles is controlled below 9%. The drying time is adjusted according to the thickness of the material. A 3cm thick material layer needs to be dried for 20-25 minutes. Insufficient drying will lead to mold growth, while excessive drying will cause nutrient loss.

[0022] S6. Input the dried granules from step S5 into the external spraying system, then weigh soybean oil according to the mass percentage, and spray the soybean oil evenly onto the surface of the granules through a vacuum spraying machine. Then put the granules into a cooling tower for cooling to form feed.

[0023] After cooling, the particle temperature needs to be reduced to room temperature ±3℃, with the cooling time controlled at 15–20 minutes and the airflow adjusted to 1.5–2.0 m / s. The final particle moisture content needs to be controlled below 12%. It should be noted that rapid cooling may cause surface cracks, while excessively slow cooling can easily lead to moisture reabsorption.

[0024] During spraying, the soybean oil temperature should be maintained between 50 and 60°C. Spray in two coats to ensure even application. Pay attention to adjusting the atomization pressure during operation; insufficient pressure will result in excessively large oil droplets affecting absorption, while excessive pressure may lead to wasted oil mist. In addition to soybean oil, this external spraying system can also spray liquid vitamins, flavorings, and other additives, reducing the damage to heat-sensitive additives caused by high temperatures and pressures.

[0025] S7. Input the coated feed from step S6 into a grading screen for grading. After grading, send the material on the lower screen directly to a scale for weighing. Finally, send it to a packaging machine for packaging. After packaging, send it to the finished product warehouse for use.

[0026] A grading screen generally consists of two screens. The material on the upper screen needs to be returned to the crusher for further crushing; the material under the lower screen is generally fine powder, which can be returned to the puffing silo for reshaping; and the material over the lower screen is the qualified finished product. Example 2:

[0027] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the mass percentage of each raw material, as detailed below: A grass carp compound feed formula comprises the following components by weight percentage: 25% dried brewer's grains; 6% fish meal; 30% soybean meal; 15% corn; 20% wheat bran; 2.1% soybean oil; 1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.3% salt; 0.3% compound multivitamins; and 0.3% compound multiminerals. Example 3:

[0028] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the mass percentage of each raw material, as detailed below: A grass carp compound feed formula comprises the following components by weight percentage: 20% dried brewer's grains; 5% fish meal; 27% soybean meal; 20% corn; 22.7% wheat bran; 3% soybean oil; 0.8% calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.5% salt; 0.5% compound multivitamins; and 0.5% compound multiminerals.

[0029] In July 2025, a breeding experiment was conducted at an aquaculture farm in Foshan City, Guangdong Province. 20,000 grass carp fry, each weighing approximately 420g, were randomly divided into four ponds, each 20 mu (about 1.3 hectares) deep, for a total water depth of 2 meters. The pond water pH was maintained between 6.8 and 7.8, ammonia nitrogen concentration below 0.5 mg / L, and nitrite concentration below 0.1 mg / L. Aerators were used throughout the entire breeding period. The grass carp in the four ponds were divided into four groups: one control group and three experimental groups. The control group was fed ordinary grass carp formulated feed, while the three experimental groups were fed grass carp formulated feeds containing brewer's grains (Examples 1, 2, and 3), respectively, twice daily, once in the morning and once in the afternoon.

[0030] Two groups of grass carp farming situations

[0031] Experimental results showed that, under the condition of the same initial average weight, within the same time period, the final weight, average weight gain, and average daily weight gain of grass carp in experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 were all higher than those in the control group, while the feed conversion ratio was lower. Experimental group 3 showed the best results, indicating that Example 3 was the optimal example. The results confirm that feeding grass carp with a compound feed containing brewer's grains not only reduces costs but also effectively improves their growth and development, resulting in more substantial economic benefits.

[0032] Meanwhile, the nutritional components detected in Example 3 were:

[0033] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make more possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made based on the concept of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grass carp compound feed formula, characterized in that: It includes the following components by weight percentage: 15-25% dried brewer's grains; 4-6% fishmeal; 24-30% soybean meal; 15-25% corn; 20-25% wheat bran; 1-5% soybean oil; 0.5-1% calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.3-0.7% salt; 0.3-0.7% compound multivitamins; and 0.3-0.7% compound minerals.

2. The grass carp compound feed formula according to claim 1, characterized in that: 20% dried brewer's grains; 5% fishmeal; 27% soybean meal; 20% corn; 22.7% wheat bran; 3% soybean oil; 0.8% calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.5% salt; 0.5% compound multivitamins; 0.5% compound multiminerals.

3. A process for producing grass carp compound feed as described in any of claims 1-2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Pour the dried brewer's grains, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, and wheat bran into a cone cleaning screen to remove impurities, then perform magnetic separation, and then coarsely crush them. The fineness of the materials needs to pass through a 30-mesh screen. Then, they are sent to the batching silo for use via an elevator and distributor. S2. Weigh out the dry brewer's grains, fish meal, soybean meal, corn, and wheat bran by weight percentage, and then put them into a mixer for mixing until they are evenly mixed to form the first mixture. S3. The first mixture in step S2 is fed to an ultra-fine pulverizer for pulverization. After pulverization, it is screened by a rotary grading screen to remove the fine fluff formed by the coarse fiber in the feed during the pulverization process. Finally, it enters the feed silo for use. S4. Weigh calcium dihydrogen phosphate and salt by mass percentage. Pour the first mixture, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and salt into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and stir until evenly mixed. Then weigh the compound multi-dimensional and compound multi-mineral by mass percentage. Pour the compound multi-dimensional and compound multi-mineral into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and stir for 5-10 minutes to form the second mixture. Then send the second mixture into a conditioner for conditioning. S5. The second mixture after conditioning in step S4 is put into an extruder for extrusion to form extruded granules. Then the extruded granules are sent into a dryer for drying. The extrusion temperature of the extruder is controlled between 120 and 135°C, and the material stays in the extrusion chamber for 25 to 35 seconds. S6. Input the dried granules from step S5 into the external spraying system, then weigh soybean oil according to the mass percentage, and spray the soybean oil evenly onto the surface of the granules through a vacuum spraying machine. Then put the granules into a cooling tower for cooling to form feed. S7. Input the cooled feed from step S6 into a grading screen for grading. After grading, send the material on the lower screen directly to a scale for weighing. Finally, send it to a packaging machine for packaging. After packaging, send it to the finished product warehouse for use.

4. The process for producing a grass carp compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotary grading sieve in step S3 is 60 mesh, and the amount of material on the 80 mesh sieve after crushing should be less than 5%.

5. The process for producing a grass carp compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, during the mixing process, all materials must be thoroughly mixed, with a mixing coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 10%, and hot water must be added. The moisture content of the materials needs to be controlled at around 18-26%.

6. The process for producing a grass carp compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, a double-layer conditioner is used in the conditioning process, the steam pressure is maintained at 0.3-0.4 MPa, the material temperature is raised to 85-90℃ and maintained for 3-5 minutes.

7. The process for producing a grass carp compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S5, the air inlet temperature of the dryer is set at 90-100℃, the moisture content of the dried particles is controlled below 9%, and a 3cm thick material layer needs to be dried for 20-25 minutes.

8. The process for producing a grass carp compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S6, the temperature of the material after cooling needs to be reduced to room temperature ±3℃, the cooling time is controlled at 15 to 20 minutes, the wind speed is adjusted at 1.5 to 2.0 m / s, and the moisture content of the cooled particles needs to be controlled below 12%.

9. The process for producing a grass carp compound feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S6, the temperature of the soybean oil is maintained at 50-60℃, and it is sprayed in two stages to ensure uniformity.

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