An intelligent construction site management and control platform based on an internet of things and an application method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of site management and control, and discloses a smart site management and control platform based on the Internet of Things and an application method, which are used for providing a technical solution for the construction of a smart site. The method comprises the following steps: installing an Internet of Things intelligent lock and a close-range personnel inductor at a key equipment operation panel, configuring an authorized personnel list for the equipment on a remote platform, and issuing the authorized personnel list to the intelligent lock to form a local authorized list. When a person approaches the equipment, the inductor reads an identity signal and sends the identity signal to the intelligent lock for comparison. If the comparison is successful, the equipment is unlocked, and a compliance record is generated. If the comparison fails, the equipment remains locked, and an alarm is given. The method further comprises the steps of authorization configuration, personnel induction, identity verification, audit tracking and the like, and the reliability is quantitatively verified by using a confidence degree. The equipment state is periodically checked, compared with an expected state and a latest authorized list version, a check difference report is generated, a difference is created as an electronic work order, assigned to a responsible person and tracked for disposal progress. The application improves the intelligence, safety and traceability of site equipment management and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction site management, and in particular to a smart construction site management platform and application method based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] In today's rapidly developing construction industry, smart construction site development has become a key measure to improve construction management efficiency and ensure construction safety and quality. With the increasing maturity of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, its powerful data collection, transmission, and analysis capabilities have brought new ideas and methods to construction site management, enabling real-time interconnection and intelligent control of elements such as construction site equipment, personnel, and environment.

[0003] On construction sites, the safe operation and management of critical equipment are of paramount importance. Traditional construction site management relies heavily on manual methods for controlling the operation of critical equipment, such as assigning dedicated personnel to monitor the equipment and manually verifying the identities of operators. This approach not only consumes significant manpower but also has numerous drawbacks.

[0004] Manual management is prone to negligence and errors, making it difficult to accurately verify the identity of each operator and effectively prevent unauthorized personnel from operating equipment. This can lead to serious safety hazards on construction sites and may result in equipment damage, construction accidents, and other adverse consequences.

[0005] Manual management lacks real-time and dynamic capabilities, making it difficult to grasp key data such as equipment operating status, operator information, and authorized equipment usage in real time. This hinders timely equipment maintenance and management, and makes it difficult to effectively trace and audit the construction process.

[0006] Furthermore, with the continuous expansion of construction site scale and the increase in construction complexity, the large mobility of personnel and the wide variety and distribution of equipment on construction sites make traditional management models increasingly inadequate in dealing with these complex situations, and unable to meet the efficient, precise and safe management needs of modern smart construction sites.

[0007] In the traditional management model, equipment operation records and identity verification data mainly rely on manual recording, which is prone to inaccurate and incomplete data, and it is difficult to effectively organize and analyze this data. This is not conducive to auditing and tracing the construction process, and it is difficult to find out the cause and responsibility once a problem occurs.

[0008] Therefore, we propose an IoT-based smart construction site management platform and application method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides an IoT-based smart construction site management platform and application method, which provides a technical solution for the construction of smart construction sites.

[0010] The first aspect of this invention provides a smart construction site management method based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The method includes: installing an IoT smart lock and a proximity sensor on the control panel of key equipment, wherein the IoT smart lock is controlled by a remote platform; configuring an authorized operator list for each key piece of equipment on the remote platform and distributing the authorized operator list to the corresponding IoT smart lock for storage, forming a local authorized list for the equipment; when the proximity sensor detects someone approaching the key equipment, reading the identity signal from the person's electronic work badge or smart safety helmet and sending the identity signal to the corresponding IoT smart lock; comparing the received identity signal with the local authorized list to generate an identity verification result; if the identity verification result is a successful match, the IoT smart lock automatically unlocks to allow the equipment to be operated and generates a compliant operation record on the remote platform; if the identity verification result is a failed match, the IoT smart lock remains locked and simultaneously sends an intrusion alarm to the remote platform and on-site mobile terminals.

[0011] Optionally, in a first implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the method includes: receiving an authorization configuration request submitted by a device administrator via the remote platform, the request including a target critical device identifier, an identity identifier of the person to be authorized, and a planned authorization period; retrieving a personnel qualification electronic certificate database associated with the identity identifier of the person to be authorized; verifying and generating a personnel qualification verification result; when the personnel qualification verification result is passed, generating a temporary authorization token according to the planned authorization period; uniquely binding the temporary authorization token, the identity identifier of the person to be authorized, and the target critical device identifier to generate a single-item authorization binding record. The system aggregates multiple single-authorization binding records that are currently valid and bound to the same target key device identifier to generate a local authorization list file. This local authorization list file is then encrypted and sent to the corresponding IoT smart lock via a two-way communication link. After receiving and decrypting the local authorization list file, the IoT smart lock stores it in its local non-volatile memory, replacing or updating the original list data. Upon completion of storage, the IoT smart lock sends a list update confirmation receipt to the remote platform, which then updates the authorization status and validity information in the device installation file accordingly.

[0012] Optionally, in a second implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the method includes: the proximity sensor continuously transmits a wide-area detection signal at a first power level and listens to wireless carriers covering the periphery of the operating area; when a carrier signal conforming to a preset standard is detected in the wireless carrier, it is determined that a target has entered the monitoring range, and a periphery sensing trigger event is generated; in response to the periphery sensing trigger event, the proximity sensor switches to a second power level, transmits a directional inquiry signal to a limited space in front of the operating panel, receives a wireless response signal fed back by an electronic badge or smart safety helmet entering the limited space based on the directional inquiry signal, decodes and verifies to obtain the original identity code; encapsulates the original identity code, the signal reception strength value, and the timestamp of this sensing, generates an identity-aware data packet, and sends the identity-aware data packet to the paired IoT smart lock through a preset local communication link.

[0013] Optionally, in a third implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the method further includes: after obtaining the verified original identity code, the proximity sensor continuously monitors the wireless response signal received from the same source; within a preset short-term observation window, it records the fluctuation sequence of the signal reception strength value; analyzes the fluctuation sequence; if the strength value is continuously higher than a preset effective threshold and the fluctuation is stable, a valid perception determination result is generated; otherwise, an invalid perception determination result is generated; if the determination result is valid perception, subsequent encapsulation and forwarding steps are allowed, and the signal reception strength value at the end of the observation window is used as the final value, compared with the original... The identity code and timestamp are encapsulated together; if the determination result is invalid perception, all relevant data of this perception are discarded and the system is reset to low-power wide-area monitoring state, while the count of this invalid event is accumulated to the local anomaly counter; the proximity personnel sensor periodically checks the value of the local anomaly counter, and when the value exceeds the preset alarm threshold in a single statistical period, an autonomous maintenance warning message is generated and sent to the paired IoT smart lock, which then forwards it to the remote platform through a two-way communication link. The maintenance warning message includes at least the sensor identifier, anomaly count, and time period.

[0014] Optionally, in the fourth implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the method includes: the IoT smart lock receiving an identity perception data packet from the proximity sensor, parsing and extracting the original identity code, signal reception strength value, and timestamp; using the original identity code as the query key, searching the local authorization list file; if at least one single authorization binding record matching the original identity code is found, performing a comprehensive verification to check whether the current system time is within the planned authorization period recorded in the record, and determining whether the signal reception strength value is greater than a preset signal-to-noise threshold; if the search is successful, the time period verification passes, and the signal strength judgment meets the standard, a successful identity verification result is generated, which includes an identifier of the specific authorization record matched; if the search fails, or the time period verification fails, or the signal strength judgment does not meet the standard, a failed identity verification result is generated, which includes an identifier of the specific reason for the failure.

[0015] Optionally, in the fifth implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, it further includes: after each generation of an identity verification result, regardless of whether the match is successful or not, the IoT smart lock immediately packages the key data of the entire verification process into a verification audit record; the key data includes: the received original identity code, verification timestamp, local authorized list version number, signal reception strength value, verification result and its attached specific identifier; associating the current verification audit record with the hash value of the previous record to form a localized audit trail chain, and storing the record in an independent secure partition of the local non-volatile memory; the IoT smart lock, according to a preset time interval, packages all new verification audit records generated since the last upload. The records are packaged into an audit data packet and uploaded to the remote platform via a two-way communication link. Simultaneously, the hash value sequence of all records in the audit data packet is calculated to generate a local integrity verification digest, which is also uploaded. After receiving the audit data packet and the local integrity verification digest, the remote platform stores them in its central audit database. Based on the received hash value sequence, the remote platform recalculates the integrity of the audit data packet, generates a platform-side verification digest, and compares it with the received local integrity verification digest. If they match, an audit chain confirmation receipt is sent to the corresponding IoT smart lock. This receipt contains the hash value of the last received record.

[0016] Optionally, in a sixth implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, reliability is verified using a confidence quantification, wherein the confidence level is C: in: To retrieve matching indicators; For time period verification indicators; RSSI is the signal strength value; Th is the signal-to-noise threshold; K is the normalization coefficient; For signal stability indicators; For stability weights.

[0017] Optionally, in the seventh implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the method includes: the IoT smart lock receiving the authentication result, parsing the authentication result, obtaining the accompanying matching status identifier, and if the matching is successful, simultaneously obtaining the specific authorization record identifier; if the matching fails, simultaneously obtaining the failure reason identifier; when the matching status identifier indicates a successful match, controlling the drive mechanism of the IoT smart lock to perform an unlocking action, generating a device unlocking success event, and generating a compliant operation record based on the device unlocking success event and the specific authorization record identifier, uploading it to the remote platform, and updating the status of the corresponding device to running; when the matching status identifier indicates a matching failure, maintaining the locked state of the IoT smart lock, and triggering its integrated local audible and visual alarm to generate a local unauthorized alarm event, generating intrusion alarm information based on the local unauthorized alarm event and the failure reason identifier, and simultaneously sending the intrusion alarm information to the remote platform and at least one preset on-site mobile terminal.

[0018] Optionally, in the eighth implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, it further includes: the remote platform generating periodic inventory instructions based on a preset inventory schedule, the inventory instructions including at least a target device identification list and an inventory window period, the inventory window period being a specified time range for status confirmation; within the inventory window period, the remote platform sending a status confirmation request to the IoT smart lock corresponding to each device in the target device identification list via a bidirectional communication link, the status confirmation request triggering the IoT smart lock to perform a local self-test and read its current locking status, the timestamp of the most recent authorization verification, and the version number of the locally stored authorization list; each requested IoT smart lock encapsulates the status data obtained from its self-test into a status... The system receives a status confirmation response and sends it back to the remote platform via a two-way communication link. The remote platform compares each received status confirmation response with the expected status of the corresponding device and the latest authorized list version recorded within the platform. If at least one of the following conditions is found, it is marked as a discrepancy: the locked status does not match the expectation, the timestamp of the most recent authorization verification exceeds a reasonable window, or the authorized list version number is behind the latest version. All marked discrepancies are summarized to generate an inventory discrepancy report. Based on the category and severity of each discrepancy in the inventory discrepancy report, the remote platform creates an electronic work order for each discrepancy, assigns these electronic work orders to the mobile terminals of preset responsible personnel or inspectors, and tracks their handling progress until closure.

[0019] A second aspect of this invention provides an IoT-based smart construction site management platform, comprising: a setting module for installing IoT smart locks and proximity sensors on the operation panels of key equipment, wherein the IoT smart locks are controlled by a remote platform; an authorization module for configuring an authorized operator list for each key piece of equipment on the remote platform and distributing the authorized operator list to the corresponding IoT smart lock for storage, forming a local authorization list for the equipment; a reading module for reading the identity signal of an electronic work badge or smart safety helmet carried by a person when the proximity sensor detects someone approaching the key equipment, and sending the identity signal to the corresponding IoT smart lock; a comparison module for comparing the received identity signal with the local authorization list to generate an identity verification result; and a control module for automatically unlocking the IoT smart lock to allow the equipment to be operated if the identity verification result is a successful match, and generating a compliant operation record on the remote platform; and keeping the IoT smart lock locked if the identity verification result is a failed match, while simultaneously sending intrusion alarm information to the remote platform and on-site mobile terminals.

[0020] The mechanism of this invention is as follows: It constructs an IoT-based, closed-loop device operation security management system with real-time on-site identity and permission matching as its core, integrating dynamic authorization, near-field sensing, local decision-making, and full-chain auditing; Beneficial effects: By receiving authorization configuration requests from equipment administrators through a remote platform, retrieving and verifying personnel qualification electronic certificate databases, generating temporary authorization tokens and binding them uniquely, and finally aggregating and generating a local authorization list file and distributing it to the IoT smart lock, the system achieves precise and dynamic authorization. It can flexibly adjust authorized personnel and time periods according to actual construction needs, avoiding errors and omissions that are prone to occur in manual management. The proximity personnel sensor employs a unique dual-power level detection method. It first transmits a wide-area detection signal at low power to initially determine if a target has entered the monitoring range. Then, it switches to high power to transmit a directional interrogation signal to obtain detailed identity information. By recording and analyzing the fluctuation sequence of the received signal strength, it determines whether the perception is effective. This effectively avoids misjudgment and interference, and can accurately and reliably perceive the identity of personnel approaching critical equipment. This improves the accuracy and reliability of identity verification and reduces the risk of equipment misoperation or unauthorized operation due to misjudgment. It enables comprehensive monitoring and traceability of the identity verification process, allowing for timely detection of anomalies and providing strong evidence for incident investigation and accountability. Confidence quantification helps to more accurately assess the reliability of verification results and improve the scientific nature of control decisions. The IoT smart lock controls the unlocking or locking status of the device in real time based on the authentication result, and triggers a local audible and visual alarm when matching fails, while simultaneously sending intrusion alarm information to the remote platform and on-site mobile terminals. The remote platform can also periodically inventory the equipment, generate inventory discrepancy reports, and create electronic work orders for tracking and handling, realizing real-time monitoring of equipment status and timely handling of abnormal situations. Through electronic work order tracking and handling, the efficiency of problem solving and the accuracy of accountability are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the smart construction site management method based on the Internet of Things (IoT) of the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the physical installation of the IoT smart lock and proximity sensor in the tower crane operator's cab; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the process of configuring an authorized operator list for a device on a remote platform; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the smart construction site management method based on the Internet of Things in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the IoT-based smart construction site management platform of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the smart construction site management and control equipment based on the Internet of Things in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides an IoT-based smart construction site management platform and application method, offering a technical solution for the construction of smart construction sites. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0023] For ease of understanding, the specific process of the embodiments of the present invention is described below. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 One embodiment of the smart construction site management method based on the Internet of Things in this invention includes: 101. Equipment Configuration: Install IoT smart locks and proximity sensors on the control panels of key equipment such as tower cranes, elevators, and electrical boxes. The IoT smart locks are controlled by a remote platform. It is understood that the executing entity of this invention can be an IoT-based smart construction site management platform, or it can be a terminal or a server; no specific limitation is made here. This embodiment of the invention will be described using a server as an example.

[0024] It should be noted that in the IoT-based smart construction site management system, taking tower crane equipment as an example, the configuration process is explained, including installation location, technical parameters, and linkage logic.

[0025] Installation Location: Tower crane operator's cab door lock or operator panel cover lock. The lock body must be embedded in the operator panel housing, with a fixing screw torque of 5~6 N·m to ensure shock resistance and prevent loosening. The lock cylinder direction must be adjusted according to the door opening direction (left or right opening), and connected to the handle via a square bar spring to prevent free rotation. Communication Configuration: The smart lock has a built-in Wi-Fi / 4G module, establishing a long-term connection with the remote platform (smart construction site cloud platform). Power Supply: Uses a 12V DC power supply, with a backup lithium battery (72 hours of battery life) to prevent power outages and loss of connection. Data Parameters: Each smart lock is bound to a unique device ID ("Tower Crane-01"). The platform can remotely send locking / unlocking commands and record the lock status ("Locked" "Abnormal Unlocking").

[0026] Type Selection: Utilizes a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to detect changes in human body heat, with detection angles of 120° horizontally and 60° vertically. Installation Location: Height: 1.5-1.8 meters above the ground (covering the operator's chest to head range of motion), avoiding blind spots. Direction: Perpendicular to the tower crane operator's cab entrance, with a detection range covering an area of ​​3-5 meters inside and outside the doorway, ensuring triggering upon personnel approach. Environmental Adaptability: Avoid proximity to air conditioning vents or heat sources (motors) to prevent interference from airflow or high temperatures. Protection Rating: IP65, dustproof and waterproof, suitable for open-air construction site environments.

[0027] The smart lock and sensors are networked via the Zigbee protocol. Data is aggregated to the on-site gateway and then uploaded to the remote platform. The platform can display the device status in real time ("Tower Crane-01: Smart lock locked / Sensor in standby") and set trigger logic: when the sensor detects personnel approaching, it automatically wakes up the smart lock and puts it into a waiting-for-verification state; the smart lock receives the authorized list issued by the platform to prepare for subsequent identity verification. The configuration parameters are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 102. Authorization Configuration and Distribution: Configure an authorized operator list for each critical device on the remote platform, and distribute the authorized operator list to the corresponding IoT smart lock for storage, forming the device's local authorization list; It should be noted that the operation permissions set by the remote platform are securely and accurately distributed and stored in the on-site IoT smart locks, forming an authorized list that can be quickly verified locally.

[0028] The project manager logs into the smart construction site management platform (web or mobile) and accesses the "Equipment Access Management" module. The platform interface lists all registered critical equipment; the project manager selects the equipment numbered "Tower Crane-TC-07". Then, the project manager searches by employee ID or name and adds three operators with valid special operation certificates (employee IDs GY001, GY005, and GY012) to the authorized list for this tower crane. The platform allows setting fine-grained access parameters for each operator: Authorization validity period: set to the project duration, from December 23, 2025 to June 30, 2026. Allowed operation time: set to the daily construction time, 07:00 to 18:00. Operation access level: differentiates between different levels such as "Full Operation" and "View Only".

[0029] After configuration, the project manager clicks "Deploy to Device". The platform does not send the list in plaintext; instead, it packages and encrypts the authorized list (including personnel IDs, permission parameters, time rules, etc.) into a secure data packet. This data packet is transmitted to the "Tower Crane-TC-07" IoT smart lock via 4G / 5G or the construction site's Wi-Fi network. This process borrows secure remote authorization methods to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data transmission. Upon receiving the data packet, the smart lock uses its built-in security chip to decrypt and verify it, ultimately writing the authorization information into its local secure storage area, forming a "local authorized list".

[0030] To address potential network instability at construction sites, the IoT smart lock is capable of independent offline operation. Once the authorized list is successfully issued and stored, even if temporarily disconnected from the remote platform, the smart lock can still rely on the local list for accurate identity verification. The platform logs the issuance and supports incremental updates. When an operator (employee ID GY005) leaves the project, the project manager can revoke their permissions on the platform and reissue an update command. Upon receiving this, the smart lock removes the operator's information from the local list, ensuring the real-time nature and accuracy of permissions. Through this process, authorization commands from the remote platform are securely and reliably translated into local access control rules for the IoT smart lock.

[0031] 103. Identity Detection and Signal Transmission: When the proximity sensor detects someone approaching critical equipment, it reads the identity signal from the electronic work badge or smart safety helmet the person is carrying and sends the identity signal to the corresponding IoT smart lock. It should be noted that in the smart construction site management system, step 103 (identity perception and signal transmission) is a crucial link connecting front-end perception and back-end verification. This step needs to achieve "when personnel approach key equipment, the sensor automatically detects and reads the identity signal of their electronic work badge or smart safety helmet, and transmits it to the IoT smart lock." The following uses tower crane equipment as an example to illustrate the implementation process with specific technical parameters.

[0032] A passive infrared (PIR) sensor is installed 1.5 meters above the entrance to the tower crane operator's cab, with a detection angle of 120° horizontally and 60° vertically, covering a radius of 5 meters. When personnel enter this area, the sensor triggers a signal by detecting changes in the infrared heat emitted by the human body, with a response time of ≤2 seconds. To cope with complex environments (strong light, temperature differences), the sensor incorporates a photoresistor and a temperature compensation algorithm to avoid false triggering. When the ambient temperature exceeds 35°C, the system automatically adjusts the infrared sensitivity threshold to reduce interference from high-temperature equipment.

[0033] The identification mechanism of electronic work badges / smart safety helmets: The electronic work badges worn by personnel have a built-in passive RFID chip (frequency 13.56MHz), or the smart safety helmet integrates an active Bluetooth beacon (BLE 5.2 protocol). When the sensor is triggered, the work badge / safety helmet is activated and actively broadcasts its identity ID via the LoRa wireless protocol (transmission distance 500 meters-3 kilometers). The identity signal includes an encrypted unique employee code (GY005), a timestamp, and a device number. The data packet length is fixed at 32 bytes to prevent data tampering.

[0034] Signal transmission path: The sensor sends the identity signal to the IoT smart lock via a Zigbee mesh network (250kbps). If direct communication is blocked (metal obstruction), the data can be relayed through a field gateway (deployed in the tower crane control box). The gateway and the smart lock use 4G / 5G network transmission, with latency controlled within 100 milliseconds.

[0035] Multimodal signal redundancy design: If the electronic badge's battery runs out, the system activates a backup plan—the smart safety helmet's UWB ultra-wideband positioning module (10 cm accuracy) tracks the person's location in real time, cross-validating with sensor data to ensure identity credibility. Data encryption and integrity verification: The identity signal is encrypted using the AES-256 algorithm before transmission, and the smart lock verifies the data signature upon receipt. If three consecutive transmission failures or signal anomalies (incorrect ID format) occur, the system automatically marks it as "suspected intrusion" and triggers a local audible and visual alarm (volume ≥ 80 decibels).

[0036] Taking tower crane operator Zhang (employee number ZY002) as an example: When Zhang approaches within 5 meters of the tower crane operator's cab, the PIR sensor detects the movement, activates itself, and sends a wake-up signal to surrounding electronic devices. Zhang's electronic work badge (worn on his chest) receives the wake-up signal and broadcasts an identity data packet via a LoRa module: "ZY002 + time 2025-12-23 10:00:00 + tower crane TC-07". The sensor receives the data within 2 seconds and sends it to the IoT smart lock via the Zigbee network. The smart lock records the reception time and temporarily stores the signal in a buffer for subsequent authentication. Through this design, the identity perception and transmission process achieves low-latency, high-reliability signal interaction, providing a data foundation for the smart lock's real-time decision-making, while ensuring the safety control of key areas on the construction site through a redundancy mechanism.

[0037] 104. Identity Verification: The IoT smart lock compares the received identity signal with the local authorized list to generate an identity verification result. It should be noted that the IoT smart lock is required to quickly compare the received identity signal with the locally stored authorized list and generate a verification result. The following uses a tower crane (number TC-07) as an example to illustrate the implementation process with specific technical parameters.

[0038] When a proximity sensor detects someone approaching the tower crane's control panel (within a 5-meter radius), it reads the identity signal broadcast from the operator's electronic work badge or smart safety helmet. This signal is typically an encrypted data packet containing the employee's unique code (GY005), a timestamp (2025-12-23 10:00:00), and the device number (TC-07), transmitted to the IoT smart lock via LoRa or Zigbee protocols. The smart lock first decrypts and verifies the signal's format; if the data packet length is abnormal (not 32 bytes) or the signature is invalid, it is directly judged as "verification failed."

[0039] The smart lock's local storage chip contains an authorized list issued by a remote platform. This list is stored in an encrypted table format and includes the following fields: employee ID, permission level (full operation / view only), valid time period (07:00-18:00), and authorization validity period (2025-12-23 to 2026-06-30). During comparison, the smart lock performs the following operations: Field matching: Extracts the employee ID (GY005) from the identity signal and compares it with each employee ID in the authorized list. If a match is successful, it further verifies whether the current time is within the valid time period and authorization period. Multi-factor verification: If the employee ID matches, the system will make a comprehensive judgment based on dynamic permission rules. Even though tower crane operator Zhang (employee ID ZY002) is on the list, if the current time is 02:00 AM (outside the authorized time period), the verification result will still be "match failed".

[0040] The entire comparison process must be completed within 3 seconds to ensure real-time response. Verification results are divided into two categories: Successful match: A data packet containing "employee ID, device number, time, and verification status" (ZY002, TC-07, 2025-12-23 10:00:05, SUCCESS) is generated, and the unlocking command preparation is triggered. Failed match: If the employee ID is not in the list, the permissions do not match, or the time is invalid, a "failure" record is generated, and the reason for the failure is marked ("unauthorized personnel" or "timeout operation"). The smart lock synchronously starts an alarm counter; three consecutive failures will trigger a local audible and visual alarm (volume ≥ 80 decibels).

[0041] To address network outages and other anomalies, the smart lock prioritizes offline operations: the local authorized list is automatically synchronized with the platform every 24 hours, with any new permissions added incrementally via 4G / 5G network. Furthermore, the list data is encrypted and stored using national cryptographic algorithms to prevent unauthorized tampering. If the verification algorithm detects compromised list integrity (hash value mismatch), the smart lock will automatically lock and send a security alert to the platform.

[0042] 105. Control Response: If the authentication result is a successful match, the IoT smart lock automatically unlocks to allow the device to be operated and generates a compliant operation record on the remote platform; if the authentication result is a failed match, the IoT smart lock remains locked and sends an intrusion alarm message to the remote platform and the on-site mobile terminal.

[0043] It should be noted that different control actions need to be executed and corresponding records generated based on the authentication result (success / failure). The following uses a tower crane (number TC-07) as an example to illustrate the implementation process with specific parameters.

[0044] When the IoT smart lock confirms that operator Zhang (employee ID ZY002) matches the local authorized list, and the current time (10:00:05 on December 23, 2025) falls within the authorized time period (07:00-18:00), the system immediately triggers the following actions: Physical lock release: The smart lock's electromagnetic lock cylinder receives the unlock command within 0.3 seconds, the drive current instantly jumps from 0.3A in standby mode to 0.8A, the lock tongue retracts by 12 mm, completely releasing the mechanical lock on the tower crane's control panel. The panel indicator light switches to solid green, allowing equipment operation. Compliance record generation: The smart lock sends an encrypted data packet to the remote platform via the 4G module, containing employee ID (ZY002), device number (TC-07), operation time (10:00:05 on December 23, 2025), and verification result (SUCCESS). The platform parses the data within 2 seconds, generates a structured compliant record, and stores it in the database. The record ID is automatically encoded as "TC-07-20251223100005-ZY002".

[0045] If the identity signal does not match the local list (temporary visitor ID XY010 attempts to operate the tower crane), the system initiates a multi-level response: Locking Status Maintenance: The smart lock maintains the extended bolt position, with the drive current stabilized at a low-power mode of 0.1A. If three consecutive verification attempts fail, the lock automatically activates its anti-tamper mechanism, and the lock body vibration sensor enters a high-sensitivity state. Any abnormal physical impact will trigger a 95-decibel local audible and visual alarm. Intrusion Alarm Push: The smart lock sends alarm information to the remote platform and the on-site safety officer's mobile terminal ("Safety Supervision" APP) via the LoRa gateway. The data packet includes the alarm type (unauthorized intrusion), location (tower crane TC-07 control room), timestamp, and triggering personnel ID (XY010). The platform pushes the information to the responsible person within 5 seconds, marking the processing priority as "P1 Emergency".

[0046] Network Interruption Fault Tolerance: If communication between the smart lock and the platform is interrupted (4G signal loss), the lock body control can still be executed independently locally, and the records will be temporarily stored in the flash memory chip (capacity 512KB). After the network is restored, the data will be automatically retransmitted and the platform status will be synchronized. Multi-level Linkage Intervention: After receiving an alarm, the platform will simultaneously activate the on-site camera to turn to the preset position, record the tower crane operation area in real time, and broadcast a warning to the site through the voice system (tunnel voice communication module). The safety officer must confirm the handling through the APP within 10 minutes; otherwise, the system will automatically escalate the notification to the project manager. Through the above control logic, the system ensures efficient operation by authorized personnel while forming a full-chain protection of "immediate blocking - remote alarm - on-site intervention" against unauthorized behavior, effectively improving the safety management level of key equipment on the construction site.

[0047] Please see Figures 2-4 Another embodiment of the smart construction site management method based on the Internet of Things in this invention includes: 201. Equipment Configuration: Install IoT smart locks and proximity sensors on the control panels of key equipment such as tower cranes, elevators, and electrical boxes. The IoT smart locks are controlled by a remote platform. Specifically, the following steps are taken: determining the appropriate installation plan; obtaining the model information of the target key equipment and the physical structure parameters of its operation panel; matching the appropriate installation component combination and mechanical fixing method from the pre-set installation plan library based on the model information and physical structure parameters to generate a customized installation plan for the target equipment; performing physical installation and electrical connection; mechanically fixing the lock body of the IoT smart lock to the key opening and closing components of the operation panel according to the customized installation plan; installing the proximity sensor at a preset distance from the operation panel when the operator is standing; completing the electrical connection between the IoT smart lock, the proximity sensor, and the equipment power supply or independent power module to establish a local power supply circuit for the equipment; establishing a communication link and status registration; configuring network parameters for the installed IoT smart lock and proximity sensor to connect them to the construction site IoT and establish a two-way communication link with the remote platform; and sending the unique hardware identification code of the IoT smart lock, the unique hardware identification code of the proximity sensor, and the identity information of the target key equipment bound to them to the remote platform for registration, generating an activated equipment installation file on the remote platform.

[0048] It should be noted that, taking a tower crane in a smart construction site project as an example, the implementation process of step 201 (equipment configuration) is explained in detail. The embodiment is designed based on a real engineering scenario and includes specific parameters and operational details.

[0049] Equipment Parameter Acquisition: The target equipment is a QTZ63 tower crane. Its control panel is located on the right side of the cab, with panel dimensions of 400mm × 300mm. The key component for opening and closing is a red emergency stop button knob (50mm in diameter). The independent installation height of the tower crane is 40 meters, with a final planned height of 120 meters. Solution Matching: The following combination was matched from the pre-set installation solution library: IoT Smart Lock: The Nanwang Dingli DLB600 series IoT access control lock is selected, supporting NB-IoT communication and IP67 protection level. The lock body dimensions are 120mm × 80mm × 40mm, and it is compatible with knob-type component fixing. Proximity Personnel Sensor: A UHF band RFID sensor is used, with an adjustable detection distance of 0.5-3 meters and an installation height of 1.5 meters (corresponding to the chest position of the operator when standing). Mechanical Fixing Method: The smart lock is fixed to the base of the emergency stop button knob using a custom stainless steel clamp; the sensor is installed on the inner wall of the cab door using a magnetic base, 1.2 meters away from the control panel. Generate customized solutions: The system automatically outputs installation drawings, specifying the positioning tolerance (±5mm) of the lock body and sensor, as well as the cable routing path (tied and fixed along the steel structure of the tower).

[0050] Lock and Sensor Installation: Use a torque wrench (preset 10 N·m) to tighten the smart lock clamp onto the emergency stop button knob, ensuring the bolt completely blocks knob rotation when locked. The sensor is installed above the cab door frame, adjusted using a level to ensure its radiation range covers an area 0.8-2 meters in front of the control panel. Electrical Connection: Power is drawn from the 24V DC backup interface in the tower crane cab and distributed to the smart lock and sensor via a three-proof (waterproof, dustproof, and shockproof) junction box. The independent power module is a supercapacitor backup power supply, capable of maintaining equipment operation for 72 hours after a main power outage. The local power supply circuit uses RVVP3×1.5mm. 2 Shielded cables, with a total length not exceeding 15 meters, should be used to avoid voltage attenuation.

[0051] Network Configuration: Assign site IoT subnet addresses (192.168.10.101 / 24) to the smart lock and sensor, establish a TCP long connection with the remote platform via a 4G private network, and set the heartbeat interval to 30 seconds. Status Registration: The smart lock hardware identification code is SN-8634270001, and the sensor identification code is SN-RFID-220815. Bind the tower crane identity information (equipment number TQ-03, project number PJ-2025A). The registration data packet is sent to the remote platform via HTTPS encryption. The platform generates a device installation file (file number ARCH-201-003), marks the status as "activated," and records the first online timestamp.

[0052] 202. Authorization Configuration and Distribution: Configure an authorized operator list for each critical device on the remote platform, and distribute the authorized operator list to the corresponding IoT smart lock for storage, forming the device's local authorization list; Specifically, the process involves initiating and verifying an authorization configuration request; receiving an authorization configuration request submitted by the device administrator via a remote platform, the request including the target critical equipment identifier, the identity identifier of the person to be authorized, and the planned authorization period; retrieving the electronic certificate database associated with the identity identifier of the person to be authorized to verify whether the person to be authorized possesses the legal qualifications required to operate the target critical equipment, and generating a personnel qualification verification result; synthesizing and binding a temporary authorization token; when the personnel qualification verification result is passed, generating a temporary authorization token with an expiration date based on the planned authorization period; and uniquely binding the temporary authorization token, the identity identifier of the person to be authorized, and the target critical equipment identifier to generate a time-limited single authorization. The process involves: binding records; aggregating and issuing executable authorization lists; aggregating multiple single-item authorization binding records that are currently valid and bound to the same target key device identifier to generate an executable local authorization list file for that device; encrypting and issuing the local authorization list file to the corresponding IoT smart lock via a two-way communication link; completing local storage and update confirmation; after receiving and decrypting the local authorization list file, the IoT smart lock stores it in local non-volatile memory, replacing or updating the original list data; after storage, the IoT smart lock sends a list update confirmation receipt to the remote platform, which then updates the authorization status and validity information in the device installation file accordingly.

[0053] It should be noted that the following example uses a tower crane (number TQ-03) in a smart construction site project to illustrate the implementation process of step 202 (authorization configuration and distribution). This embodiment is designed based on a real-world management scenario and includes detailed process information from authorization application to local storage.

[0054] Authorization Request Submission: The equipment administrator submits an authorization request for tower crane TQ-03 via the remote platform's web interface, designating Zhang San (employee ID ZJ-005) as the operator, with the authorization period from 08:00 to 18:00 on August 28, 2025. The request also includes the tower crane's equipment identifier (TQ-03) and the operation task number (WK-2025082701). Qualification Verification: Upon receiving the request, the remote platform automatically retrieves Zhang San's electronic qualification certificate database to verify whether he holds a valid tower crane operator's certificate (number TS-6X2028, valid until May 2026). The platform completes the verification within 1 second and generates a "Qualification Passed" result. If the certificate is expired or does not exist, a warning SMS is immediately sent to the administrator.

[0055] Token Generation: After successful verification, the platform generates a temporary authorization token (Token-TQ03-ZJ005-20250828) based on the 8-hour authorization period, with an expiration date accurate to the second (2025-08-28 08:00:00 to 18:00:00). The token is generated using the AES-256 encryption algorithm to ensure it cannot be forged. Binding Record: The token is bound to Zhang San's identity identifier (ZJ-005) and tower crane identifier (TQ-03), generating a single-item authorization binding record in the platform database. The record status is marked as "inactive" and associated with the task number WK-2025082701 for traceability.

[0056] List Aggregation: The platform retrieves all currently valid authorizations for tower crane TQ-03 (including Li Si's long-term authorization and Wang Wu's temporary authorization), aggregating the three binding records into a local authorization list file. The file uses binary format and includes personnel identification code, token, validity period, and permission level (Zhang San is "single operation", Li Si is "long-term administrator"). Encrypted Distribution: The list file is encrypted (TLS 1.3 protocol) and distributed to the tower crane IoT smart lock (hardware identification code SN-8634270001) via a 4G private network. The distribution command triggers the smart lock's receiving mode. If communication is interrupted, the platform automatically retryes 3 times, with each retry 5 seconds apart.

[0057] Local Storage: After receiving the file, the IoT smart lock decrypts it using a pre-shared key, stores the list in local non-volatile memory (2MB capacity, capable of storing 100 authorization records), and overwrites the old list. Upon completion, the lock's indicator light flashes green twice to indicate a successful update. Status Synchronization: The smart lock sends a confirmation receipt to the platform (including the list version number V2.3 and storage timestamp). The platform then updates the TQ-03 tower crane's equipment installation file, marking the authorization status as "activated" and recording the validity period until 18:00 on August 28, 2025. If no confirmation receipt is received within 10 seconds, the platform automatically triggers a second distribution process.

[0058] 203. Identity Detection and Signal Transmission: When the proximity sensor detects someone approaching critical equipment, it reads the identity signal from the electronic work badge or smart safety helmet the person is carrying and sends the identity signal to the corresponding IoT smart lock. Specifically, low-power wide-area monitoring is initiated; the proximity sensor continuously transmits a wide-area detection signal at the first power level and listens for wireless carriers covering the periphery of the operating area; when a carrier signal conforming to a preset standard is detected in the wireless carrier, it is determined that a target has entered the monitoring range, generating a peripheral sensing trigger event; precise directional identification is performed; in response to the peripheral sensing trigger event, the proximity sensor switches to the second power level and transmits a directional inquiry signal to the limited space in front of the operating panel; a wireless response signal containing a unique identification code is received from the electronic badge or smart safety helmet that has entered the limited space based on the directional inquiry signal; the wireless response signal is decoded and verified to obtain the verified original identification code; the identification information is encapsulated and forwarded; the verified original identification code, signal reception strength value, and timestamp of this sensing are encapsulated to generate a standard format identity perception data packet; the identity perception data packet is sent to the paired IoT smart lock through a preset local communication link.

[0059] Furthermore, it also includes: performing signal strength and persistence verification; after obtaining the verified original identity code, the proximity sensor continuously monitors the wireless response signal received from the same source; within a preset short observation window, it records the fluctuation sequence of the signal received strength value; it analyzes the fluctuation sequence, and if the strength value is consistently higher than a preset effective threshold and the fluctuation is stable, a valid perception determination result is generated; otherwise, an invalid perception determination result is generated; it performs logical branching based on the verification result; if the determination result is valid perception, it allows the subsequent encapsulation and forwarding steps to be executed, and uses the latest and most stable signal received strength value at the end of the observation window as the final value. The data is encapsulated along with the original identity code and timestamp. If the result is invalid sensing, all relevant data of this sensing is discarded, and the system is reset to low-power wide-area monitoring state. At the same time, the count of this invalid event is accumulated to a local anomaly counter, triggering an autonomous maintenance warning. The proximity personnel sensor periodically checks the value of the local anomaly counter. When the value exceeds the preset alarm threshold within a single statistical period, an autonomous maintenance warning message is generated. The autonomous maintenance warning message is sent to the paired IoT smart lock, and the IoT smart lock forwards it to the remote platform through a two-way communication link. The maintenance warning message includes at least the sensor identifier, anomaly count, and time period.

[0060] It should be noted that the proximity sensor (UHF RFID type, hardware identification code SN-RFID-220815) installed in the tower crane cab is responsible for detecting and identifying the operator's identity. Its workflow is as follows: Monitoring parameters: The sensor defaults to low-power mode (first power level, transmit power 0.5mW) and continuously transmits a wide-area detection signal, covering a fan-shaped area with a radius of 5 meters centered on the control panel (corresponding to the entrance direction of the tower crane cab). Trigger condition: When operator Zhang San's electronic work badge (worker number ZJ-005) enters this area, the 125kHz carrier signal actively transmitted by the badge is detected by the sensor. The sensor detects a signal strength of -65dBm (higher than the preset threshold of -70dBm), immediately generates a peripheral sensing trigger event, and records the timestamp (2025-08-28 08:15:30).

[0061] Power Switching: In response to the trigger event, the sensor increases the power to the second level (5mW), focusing on a limited space within 1.5 meters in front of the control panel (angle ±30°). Identity Decoding: A directional interrogation signal (frequency 865MHz) is transmitted into this space. Upon receiving the signal, Zhang San's electronic work badge responds with a wireless reply signal containing a unique identification code (ZJ-005). The sensor decodes the signal, verifies that the encoding format conforms to the ISO / IEC 18000-6C standard, generates the original identification code "ZJ-005," and records the current signal strength as -55dBm.

[0062] Observation Window: The sensor initiates a short observation window lasting 2 seconds, collecting the signal strength of the same employee badge every 200 milliseconds to obtain the fluctuation sequence: [-55dBm, -53dBm, -54dBm, -52dBm, -53dBm, -54dBm, -55dBm, -53dBm, -54dBm, -53dBm]. Validity Determination: If the fluctuation range of the sequence is within 3dBm and all values ​​are higher than the valid threshold (-60dBm), it is considered a valid sensing. If the fluctuation exceeds 10dBm or falls below the threshold (e.g., personnel quickly move away), it is considered invalid and the data is discarded.

[0063] Data Encapsulation: The verified identity code (ZJ-005), the final stable signal strength value (-53dBm), and the timestamp are encapsulated into a JSON format data packet (approximately 128 bytes in size). Example: {"sensor_id":"SN-RFID-220815","person_id":"ZJ-005","rssi":-53,"timestamp":"2025-08-2808:15:32"}; Local Transmission: The data packet is sent to the paired IoT smart lock (identification code SN-8634270001) via an RS-485 wired link (baud rate 9600bps), with a transmission latency of less than 50 milliseconds.

[0064] Anomaly Count: If the sensor detects 5 consecutive invalid readings within 1 hour (due to insufficient battery power on the work badge or signal interference), the accumulated value of the local anomaly counter triggers the alarm threshold (preset to 5 times). Warning Reporting: A maintenance warning message (including sensor identifier, anomaly count of 5, and a time period of 1 hour) is generated and forwarded to the remote platform via the smart lock and 4G network. The platform automatically generates a work order, prompting maintenance personnel to check the sensor or work badge status.

[0065] 204. Identity Verification: The IoT smart lock compares the received identity signal with the local authorized list to generate an identity verification result. Specifically, the process involves parsing and extracting identity identifiers; the IoT smart lock receives identity-sensing data packets from proximity sensors; parsing the identity-sensing data packets to extract the original identity code, signal reception strength value, and timestamp; performing multi-dimensional authorization matching; using the original identity code as the query key, searching the local authorization list file; if at least one single-authorization binding record matching the original identity code is found, comprehensive verification is performed: verifying whether the current system time is within the planned authorization period recorded in the record, and determining whether the signal reception strength value is greater than the preset signal-to-noise threshold; generating a verification result; if the retrieval is successful, the time period verification passes, and the signal strength judgment meets the standard, an identity verification result indicating "successful matching" is generated, with the specific authorization record identifier being matched; if the retrieval fails, or the time period verification fails, or the signal strength judgment does not meet the standard, an identity verification result indicating "failed matching" is generated, with the specific reason identifier for the failure being attached.

[0066] Furthermore, it also includes: initiating audit trails and evidence solidification; after each identity verification result is generated, regardless of whether the match is successful or not, the IoT smart lock immediately packages the key data of the entire verification process into an immutable verification audit record; the key data includes at least: the received original identity code, verification timestamp, local authorized list version number, signal reception strength value, verification result and its attached specific identifier; performing local block storage; the IoT smart lock uses a simple block structure based on a timestamp chain to store verification audit records; associating the current verification audit record with the hash value of the previous record to form a local audit trail chain, and storing the record in an independent secure partition of local non-volatile memory; performing timed batch uploads and integrity checks; the IoT smart lock according to At preset time intervals, all new verification audit records generated since the last upload are packaged into an audit data packet and uploaded to the remote platform via a two-way communication link. Simultaneously, the hash value sequence of all records in the audit data packet is calculated to generate a local integrity verification digest, which is also uploaded. Platform-side storage and chain confirmation are completed. After receiving the audit data packet and the local integrity verification digest, the remote platform stores them in its central audit database. Based on the received hash value sequence, the remote platform recalculates the integrity of the audit data packet and generates a platform-side verification digest. The platform-side verification digest is compared with the received local integrity verification digest. If they match, an audit chain confirmation receipt containing the hash value of the last received record is sent to the corresponding IoT smart lock.

[0067] It should be noted that this is based on actual operational scenarios and includes detailed information covering the entire process from identity resolution to audit trail.

[0068] Data Reception: The IoT smart lock (hardware identification code SN-8634270001) receives an identity sensing data packet from the paired proximity sensor (identification code SN-RFID-220815). The data packet contains the original identity code (ZJ-005), the signal strength value (-55dBm), and a timestamp (2025-08-28 08:30:00). Parsing and Processing: The smart lock parses the data packet format and extracts key fields. The signal strength value of -55dBm is higher than the preset signal-to-noise threshold (-60dBm), the timestamp matches the current system time (08:30:00), and the identity code conforms to the standard employee ID card format (10-digit alphanumeric combination).

[0069] Local List Retrieval: Using the identity code "ZJ-005" as the key, query the authorized list stored locally by the smart lock (version V2.3). A matching record was found: Authorization Token-TQ03-ZJ005-20250828, corresponding to tower crane TQ-03, with an authorized time period of 08:00-18:00. Time Period Verification: The system's current time, 08:30:00, falls within the authorized time period, verification passed. Signal Strength Judgment: Signal strength -55dBm > signal-to-noise threshold -60dBm, deemed acceptable. Simultaneously, combined with the continuous verification result from step 203 (stable signal fluctuation sequence, deemed effective sensing), signal reliability is confirmed.

[0070] Verification result: Due to successful retrieval, time period verification, and signal strength meeting the requirements, a "match successful" result was generated, along with the authorization record identifier Token-TQ03-ZJ005-20250828.

[0071] To quantify the reliability of the verification, a verification confidence formula is introduced: in: To retrieve the matching indicator (success = 1, failure = 0); The time-period verification indicator is 1 for pass and 0 for fail; RSSI is the signal strength value (-55dBm), Th is the signal-to-noise threshold (-60dBm); K is the normalization coefficient (set to 10dB). This is a signal stability indicator (valid = 1, invalid = 0); This is the stability weight (taken as 0.5).

[0072] Substitute the data: A confidence level of C = 1.0 (range 0~1) indicates that the verification reliability is extremely high.

[0073] Audit Log Generation: Immediately after verification, key data is packaged to generate an audit log, including the identity code (ZJ-005), verification timestamp (08:30:05), list version (V2.3), signal strength (-55dBm), verification result (successful match), and confidence level (1.0). Local Block Storage: Records are associated with the hash value of the previous record (0x7a3e...f291) to form an audit chain, which is stored in the smart lock's independent security partition. A block is generated every 10 records. Batch Upload and Platform Confirmation: Every 30 minutes, the smart lock packages and uploads new audit records to the remote platform. The platform calculates the hash sequence to verify integrity (verification digest 0x8b4d...c117), and sends a confirmation receipt (containing the latest hash value 0x9f12...d408) after a match is found.

[0074] 205. Control Response: If the authentication result is a successful match, the IoT smart lock automatically unlocks to allow the device to be operated and generates a compliant operation record on the remote platform; if the authentication result is a failed match, the IoT smart lock remains locked and sends an intrusion alarm message to the remote platform and the on-site mobile terminal.

[0075] Specifically, the system receives and parses the verification result; the IoT smart lock receives the identity verification result; it parses the identity verification result and obtains the accompanying matching status identifier. If the match is successful, it also obtains the specific authorization record identifier; if the match fails, it also obtains the failure reason identifier; it executes the success branch processing; when the matching status identifier is "match successful", it controls the IoT smart lock's drive mechanism to perform an unlocking action, generating a device unlocking success event; based on the device unlocking success event and the specific authorization record identifier, it generates a compliant operation record containing the operator's identity, device identifier, unlocking time point, and authorization basis; it uploads the compliant operation record to the remote platform, which receives and stores the record and updates the corresponding device's status to "running"; it executes the failure branch processing; when the matching status identifier is "match failed", it maintains the IoT smart lock's locked state and triggers its integrated local audible and visual alarm, generating a local unauthorized alarm event; based on the local unauthorized alarm event and the failure reason identifier, it generates an intrusion alarm message containing the unauthorized personnel's identity code, device identifier, alarm time point, and specific failure reason; it simultaneously sends the intrusion alarm message to the remote platform and at least one preset on-site mobile terminal.

[0076] It should be noted that the focus is on device control and alarm response after the authentication result is generated, including specific operational details for both successful and failed matching scenarios. The implementation data is based on actual engineering parameters to ensure logical rationality and operability.

[0077] The IoT smart lock (hardware identification code SN-8634270001) receives the verification result from the identity verification step (204): Matching success scenario: The verification timestamp is 2025-08-28 08:30:05, and the verification result includes the matching status identifier "Matching Successful", the authorization record identifier (Token-TQ03-ZJ005-20250828), and the operator's identity (Zhang San, employee number ZJ-005). Matching failure scenario: The verification timestamp is 2025-08-28 09:45:10, and the verification result includes the matching status identifier "Matching Failed" and the failure reason identifier "Unauthorized Time Period" (because the current time exceeds Zhang San's authorized time period of 08:00-18:00).

[0078] When the matching status identifier is "Match Successful," the system executes the following process: Drive unlocking action: The smart lock controls its motor drive mechanism (rated voltage 12VDC, action time 0.5 seconds) to unlock, releasing the physical lock on the emergency stop button on the tower crane control panel. Simultaneously, a successful unlocking event is generated, recording the unlocking time (08:30:06). Generate a compliant operation record: Based on the unlocking event and authorization record identifier, a compliant operation record is generated, containing the fields: operator identity (ZJ-005), equipment identifier (TQ-03), unlocking time (08:30:06), and authorization basis (token validity period 08:00-18:00). The record is encrypted and uploaded to the remote platform via a 4G private network. Platform status update: After receiving the record, the remote platform updates the status of tower crane TQ-03 to "Running" and stores the record in the audit database (storage number AUD-20250828-083006).

[0079] When the matching status identifier is "Match Failed", the system triggers the following response: Maintain locking and local alarm: The smart lock maintains the locked state (lock tongue extension length 8mm, locking force 300N) and triggers the integrated audible and visual alarm (alarm sound pressure level 90dB, red light flashing frequency 2Hz) for 10 seconds. Generate a local unauthorized alarm event and record the alarm time (09:45:12). Generate and send intrusion alarm information: Based on the alarm event and failure reason identifier, generate intrusion alarm information, including the fields: unauthorized personnel identification code (ZJ-005), device identifier (TQ-03), alarm time (09:45:12), and specific reason ("Authorization period not passed: current time 09:45 exceeds the authorization range 08:00-18:00"). This information is simultaneously sent to the remote platform and the preset on-site safety officer mobile terminal (handheld terminal PAD-03) via the NB-IoT network. Table 2 below compares the core response indicators of the two scenarios: Table 2 206. It also includes: generating periodic inventory instructions; the remote platform automatically generates periodic inventory instructions for specific work areas or equipment types based on a preset inventory schedule; the inventory instructions at least include a target equipment identification list and an inventory window period, which specifies the time range for status confirmation; executing remote status confirmation requests; within the inventory window period, the remote platform sends a status confirmation request to the IoT smart lock corresponding to each device in the target equipment identification list via a two-way communication link; the status confirmation request triggers the IoT smart lock to perform a local self-test and read its current locking status, the timestamp of the most recent authorization verification, and the version number of the locally stored authorization list; forming a status confirmation response; each requested IoT smart lock encapsulates the status data obtained from its self-test into a status confirmation response and sends it back via a two-way communication link. The remote platform is given a comparison report to generate an inventory discrepancy report. The remote platform compares each received status confirmation response with the expected status of the corresponding device and the latest authorized list version recorded internally. When at least one of the following situations is found, it is marked as a discrepancy: the locked status does not match the expectation, the timestamp of the most recent authorization verification exceeds a reasonable window, or the authorized list version number is behind the latest version. All marked discrepancies are summarized to generate an inventory discrepancy report containing all discrepancies, the corresponding device identifier, and the discovery time. Discrepancy handling tasks are assigned. Based on the category and severity of each discrepancy in the inventory discrepancy report, the remote platform automatically creates a specific electronic work order for each discrepancy that requires on-site verification or handling. These electronic work orders are assigned to the mobile terminals of the preset responsible personnel or inspectors, and their handling progress is tracked until they are closed.

[0080] It should be noted that the construction site has deployed 5 tower cranes (numbered TQ-01 to TQ-05), and the remote platform regularly checks the equipment status and authorization consistency through an automated inventory process.

[0081] Triggering Mechanism: Based on a preset daily inventory plan (timetable: 2:00 AM), the remote platform automatically generates inventory instructions for tower crane equipment. The instructions include a list of target equipment (TQ-01 to TQ-05) and an inventory window (2:00 AM - 2:30 AM). The platform also specifies the expected criteria for status confirmation: the equipment should be in a "locked" state, the most recent authorization verification timestamp should be within the past 24 hours, and the authorized list version should be V2.5.

[0082] Request Issuance: At 02:00, the platform sends a status confirmation request to the IoT smart locks of 5 tower cranes via the 4G private network. The request command includes a verification code (CK-20250830) to ensure its legitimacy. Device Self-Check: After receiving the request, each smart lock completes a local self-check within 5 seconds: TQ-01: Returns a locking status "Locked", last verification time "2025-08-29 16:30:00", and authorized list version "V2.5". TQ-03: Returns a locking status "Not Locked" (not reset due to nighttime maintenance), last verification time "2025-08-29 10:15:00", and authorized list version "V2.3". TQ-05: Returns a locking status "Locked", but the last verification time "2025-08-28 08:45:00" (over 24 hours), and the authorized list version "V2.5".

[0083] Data Encapsulation: The smart lock encapsulates its self-test data into a response packet. The TQ-03's response includes: device identifier (TQ-03), locking status (unlocked), most recent verification timestamp (2025-08-29 10:15:00), list version (V2.3), and local timestamp (02:00:05). Response Transmission: All responses are encrypted and transmitted back to the platform via a two-way communication link before 02:05.

[0084] Platform Comparison: The platform compares the response data with the expected status item by item: TQ-03: The locked status "not locked" does not match the expected "locked"; the authorized list version V2.3 is outdated compared to the latest version V2.5. TQ-05: The most recent verification timestamp exceeds the reasonable 24-hour window (actually exceeding 17 hours). Report Generation: The platform generates an inventory difference report at 02:10, marking 2 differences: Difference 1: Device TQ-03 status is abnormal (not locked + outdated version), discovered at 02:05. Difference 2: Device TQ-05 verification timed out (no recent operation record), discovered at 02:07.

[0085] Work Order Creation: The platform automatically generates electronic work orders based on the severity of the differences: Work Order 1 (Urgent): Assigned to Inspector Zhang San (Employee No. ZJ-005), requiring on-site verification of the reason why TQ-03 was not locked and forced reset, while updating the authorized list to V2.5. Time Limit: Within 2 hours. Work Order 2 (Medium): Assigned to Electrician Li Si (Employee No. DG-008), checking whether the communication module of TQ-05 is faulty and triggering manual verification. Time Limit: Before 10:00 the next day. Task Tracking: Work orders are pushed to the corresponding personnel's mobile terminals (APP reminder + SMS). The platform synchronizes the handling status every 30 minutes until the inspector submits the handling results (upload reset photos, inspection report) and then closes the work order.

[0086] The above describes the IoT-based smart construction site management method in the embodiments of the present invention. The following describes the IoT-based smart construction site management platform in the embodiments of the present invention. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 An embodiment of the IoT-based smart construction site management platform of the present invention includes: a setting module 301, used to install an IoT smart lock and a proximity sensor on the operation panel of key equipment, wherein the IoT smart lock is controlled by a remote platform; an authorization module 302, used to configure an authorized operator list for each key piece of equipment on the remote platform and send the authorized operator list to the corresponding IoT smart lock for storage, forming a local authorization list for the equipment; a reading module 303, used to read the identity signal of the electronic work badge or smart safety helmet carried by the person when the proximity sensor detects someone approaching the key equipment, and send the identity signal to the corresponding IoT smart lock; a comparison module 304, used by the IoT smart lock to compare the received identity signal with the local authorization list and generate an identity verification result; and a control module 305, used to automatically unlock the IoT smart lock to allow the equipment to be operated if the identity verification result is a successful match, and generate a compliant operation record on the remote platform; if the identity verification result is a failed match, the IoT smart lock remains locked and sends an intrusion alarm message to the remote platform and the on-site mobile terminal.

[0087] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an IoT-based smart construction site management device 400 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The IoT-based smart construction site management device 400 may include a processor 401 and a memory 402. The memory 402 is used to store program instructions and / or data, and the processor 401 is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory 402, thereby implementing the method in the above-described method embodiment.

[0088] Optionally, the memory 402 and the processor 401 are coupled. The coupling is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, and can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, for information interaction between devices, units, or modules.

[0089] Optionally, the IoT-based smart construction site management device 400 may further include a communication interface 403. The communication interface 403 is used to communicate with other devices through a transmission medium, such as transmitting received signals from other communication devices to the processor 401, or transmitting signals from the processor 401 to other communication devices. The communication interface 403 may be a transceiver or an interface circuit, such as a transceiver circuit or a transceiver chip.

[0090] This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the processor 401, memory 402, and communication interface 403. This application embodiment... Figure 6 The processor 401, memory 402, and communication interface 403 are connected via a bus 404. Figure 6 The connections between other components are shown in bold and are for illustrative purposes only, not as limiting information. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 6 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0091] The present invention also provides an IoT-based smart construction site management and control device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the IoT-based smart construction site management and control method in the above embodiments.

[0092] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when the instructions are executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the Internet of Things-based smart construction site management method.

[0093] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0094] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0095] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that... ,include: IoT smart locks and proximity sensors are installed on the control panels of key equipment, with the IoT smart locks controlled by a remote platform; The remote platform configures a list of authorized operators for each key device and distributes the list of authorized operators to the corresponding IoT smart lock for storage, forming a local authorized list for the device. When the proximity sensor detects someone approaching the critical equipment, it reads the identity signal of the person's electronic work badge or smart safety helmet and sends the identity signal to the corresponding IoT smart lock; The IoT smart lock compares the received identity signal with the local authorized list to generate an identity verification result; If the identity verification result is a successful match, the IoT smart lock automatically unlocks to allow the device to be operated and generates a compliant operation record on the remote platform; if the identity verification result is a failed match, the IoT smart lock remains locked and sends intrusion alarm information to the remote platform and the on-site mobile terminal.

2. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that... ,include: The system receives an authorization configuration request submitted by the device administrator via the remote platform. The request includes the target critical device identifier, the identity identifier of the person to be authorized, and the planned authorization period. The system then retrieves the electronic certificate database associated with the identity identifier of the person to be authorized, verifies the certificate, and generates a personnel qualification verification result. When the personnel qualification verification result is passed, a temporary authorization token is generated according to the planned authorization period. The temporary authorization token, the identity identifier of the person to be authorized, and the identifier of the target key equipment are uniquely bound together to generate a single authorization binding record. Aggregate all currently valid single-item authorization binding records that are bound to the same target key equipment identifier to generate a local authorization list file, and then encrypt and send the local authorization list file to the corresponding IoT smart lock through a two-way communication link; After receiving and decrypting the local authorized list file, the IoT smart lock stores it in local non-volatile memory, replacing or updating the original list data. After storage, the IoT smart lock sends a list update confirmation receipt to the remote platform, which then updates the authorization status and validity information in the device installation file accordingly.

3. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that... ,include: The proximity sensor continuously transmits a wide-area detection signal at the first power level and listens to the wireless carriers covering the periphery of the operating area. When a carrier signal conforming to a preset standard is detected in the wireless carrier, it is determined that a target has entered the monitoring range, and an peripheral sensing trigger event is generated. In response to the peripheral sensing trigger event, the proximity personnel sensor switches to the second power level, transmits a directional inquiry signal to the limited space in front of the operation panel, receives a wireless response signal fed back by the electronic badge or smart safety helmet that has entered the limited space based on the directional inquiry signal, and decodes and verifies the original identity code; The original identity code, signal reception strength value, and timestamp of this sensing are encapsulated to generate an identity-aware data packet, which is then sent to the paired IoT smart lock through a preset local communication link.

4. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 3, characterized in that... It also includes: After obtaining the verified original identity code, the proximity sensor continuously monitors the wireless response signal received from the same source. Within a preset short observation window, it records the fluctuation sequence of the signal reception strength value. The fluctuation sequence is analyzed, and if the strength value is consistently higher than a preset effective threshold and the fluctuation is stable, a valid perception determination result is generated; otherwise, an invalid perception determination result is generated. If the determination result is a valid perception, the subsequent encapsulation and forwarding steps are allowed, and the signal received strength value at the end of the observation window is used as the final value, which is encapsulated together with the original identity code and timestamp; if the determination result is an invalid perception, all relevant data of this perception are discarded, and the system is reset to the low-power wide-area monitoring state, while the count of this invalid event is accumulated to the local anomaly counter; The proximity sensor periodically checks the value of the local anomaly counter. When the value exceeds a preset alarm threshold within a single statistical period, it generates autonomous maintenance warning information and sends the autonomous maintenance warning information to the paired IoT smart lock. The IoT smart lock then forwards the information to the remote platform via a two-way communication link. The maintenance warning information includes at least the sensor identifier, anomaly count, and time period.

5. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 3, characterized in that... ,include: The IoT smart lock receives identity sensing data packets from the proximity sensor, and extracts the original identity code, signal reception strength value, and timestamp. Using the original identity code as the query key, a search is performed in the local authorized list file. If at least one single-authorization binding record matching the original identity code is found, a comprehensive verification is performed to check whether the current system time is within the planned authorization period recorded in the record, and to determine whether the signal received strength value is greater than the preset signal-to-noise threshold. If the search is successful, the time period verification passes, and the signal strength assessment meets the requirements, a successful identity verification result will be generated, along with the identifier of the specific authorized record matched. If the search fails, the time period verification fails, or the signal strength assessment does not meet the requirements, a failed identity verification result will be generated, along with the identifier of the specific reason for the failure.

6. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that... It also includes: After each authentication result is generated, regardless of whether the match is successful or not, the IoT smart lock immediately packages the key data of the entire authentication process into a verification audit record; the key data includes: the received original identity code, the verification timestamp, the local authorized list version number, the signal reception strength value, the verification result and its accompanying specific identifier; The current verification audit record is associated with the hash value of the previous record to form a localized audit trail chain, and the record is stored in a separate secure partition of local non-volatile memory; The IoT smart lock packages all new verification and audit records generated since the last upload into an audit data packet at preset time intervals, and uploads it to the remote platform via a two-way communication link; at the same time, it calculates the hash value sequence of all records in the audit data packet, generates a local integrity verification digest, and uploads it together. After receiving the audit data packet and the local integrity verification digest, the remote platform stores them in the platform's central audit database. Based on the received hash value sequence, the remote platform recalculates the integrity of the audit data packet, generates a platform-side verification digest, and compares the platform-side verification digest with the received local integrity verification digest. If they match, an audit chain confirmation receipt is sent to the corresponding IoT smart lock. This receipt contains the hash value of the last received record.

7. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, characterized in that... Reliability is verified using confidence quantification, where the confidence level is C: in: To retrieve matching indicators; For time period verification indicators; RSSI is the signal strength value; Th is the signal-to-noise threshold; K is the normalization coefficient; For signal stability indicators; For stability weights.

8. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that... ,include: The IoT smart lock receives the authentication result, parses the authentication result, and obtains the matching status identifier. If the match is successful, it also obtains the identifier of the specific authorization record that was matched; if the match fails, it also obtains the failure reason identifier. When the matching status identifier indicates a successful match, the drive mechanism of the IoT smart lock is controlled to perform an unlocking action, generating a device unlocking success event. Based on the device unlocking success event and the specific authorization record identifier, a compliant operation record is generated and uploaded to the remote platform. The remote platform then updates the status of the corresponding device to "running". When the matching status is identified as a matching failure, the IoT smart lock is kept locked and its integrated local audible and visual alarm is triggered to generate a local unauthorized alarm event. Based on the local unauthorized alarm event and the failure reason identifier, an intrusion alarm is generated and simultaneously sent to the remote platform and at least one preset on-site mobile terminal.

9. The smart construction site management and control method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that... It also includes: The remote platform generates periodic inventory instructions based on a preset inventory schedule. The inventory instructions include at least a list of target equipment identifiers and an inventory window period, which is a specified time range for status confirmation. During the inventory window, the remote platform sends a status confirmation request to the IoT smart lock corresponding to each device in the target device identification list via a two-way communication link. The status confirmation request triggers the IoT smart lock to perform a local self-check and read its current locking status, the timestamp of the most recent authorization verification, and the version number of the locally stored authorization list. Each requested IoT smart lock encapsulates its self-test status data into a status confirmation response and sends it back to the remote platform via a two-way communication link; The remote platform compares each received status confirmation response with the expected status of the corresponding device and the latest authorized list version recorded internally. A difference is marked when at least one of the following conditions is found: the locked status does not match the expectation, the timestamp of the most recent authorization verification exceeds a reasonable window, or the authorized list version number is behind the latest version. All marked differences are summarized to generate an inventory difference report. Based on the category and severity of each discrepancy in the inventory discrepancy report, the remote platform creates an electronic work order for each discrepancy, assigns these electronic work orders to the mobile terminals of preset responsible personnel or inspectors, and tracks their handling progress until they are closed.

10. A smart construction site management and control platform based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that... The IoT-based smart construction site management platform includes: The module is used to install IoT smart locks and proximity sensors on the operation panels of key equipment, wherein the IoT smart locks are controlled by a remote platform; The authorization module is used to configure a list of authorized operators for each key device on the remote platform, and to send the list of authorized operators to the corresponding IoT smart lock for storage, forming a local authorization list for the device; The reading module is used to read the identity signal of the electronic work badge or smart safety helmet carried by the person when the proximity sensor detects someone approaching the key equipment, and send the identity signal to the corresponding IoT smart lock; The comparison module is used by the IoT smart lock to compare the received identity signal with the local authorized list and generate an identity verification result. The control module is used to automatically unlock the IoT smart lock to allow the device to be operated if the identity verification result is a successful match, and generate a compliance operation record on the remote platform; if the identity verification result is a failed match, the IoT smart lock remains locked and sends intrusion alarm information to the remote platform and the on-site mobile terminal.

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