Carbon dioxide capture and exhaust gas purification integrated device

Abstract

This application relates to an integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification, belonging to the field of waste gas treatment technology. It includes a waste gas purification unit comprising two alternately operating purifiers, each filled with composite purification packing and equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, and a return valve; a carbon dioxide capture unit comprising two alternately operating adsorbers, each filled with solid CO₂ adsorbent and equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, a purge valve, and a pressure equalization valve; and an auxiliary functional unit comprising at least one intake fan, a vacuum pump, a heater, and a carbon dioxide storage tank. The purifiers and adsorbers form a dual-path switching system through pipelines and valves. During operation, the two paths form a purification-capture linkage path, and while one path is operating, the other path simultaneously performs regeneration operations, improving the pretreatment process and efficiently removing particulate matter and other impurities from industrial waste gas, avoiding CO₂ adsorbent poisoning, and extending the adsorbent's service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of waste gas treatment technology, and in particular to an integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of escalating global greenhouse effect and frequent extreme weather events, controlling carbon dioxide emissions has become a shared responsibility of the international community. my country has proposed the strategic goal of "peaking carbon and achieving carbon neutrality," and the industrial sector, as a major source of CO2 emissions, faces particularly challenging carbon reduction tasks. Industrial waste gas not only contains large amounts of CO2 but also impurities such as particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and water vapor. The presence of these impurities not only causes environmental pollution but also seriously affects the efficiency and stability of CO2 capture technology. Therefore, developing an integrated device that can achieve both waste gas purification and CO2 capture is of significant practical and strategic value for promoting carbon reduction in the industrial sector and achieving the "dual carbon" goal.

[0003] Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technologies, this application provides an integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and exhaust gas purification.

[0005] This application provides an integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and exhaust gas purification includes an exhaust gas purification unit comprising two alternately operating purifiers, each purifier being filled with composite purification packing and equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, and a return valve.

[0007] The carbon dioxide capture unit includes two alternately operating adsorbers, each of which is filled with solid CO2 adsorbent and equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, a purge valve and a pressure equalization valve.

[0008] The auxiliary functional unit includes at least one intake fan, a vacuum pump, a heater, and a carbon dioxide storage tank;

[0009] The purifier and the adsorber form a dual-path switching system through pipelines and valves. When the dual paths are running, they form a purification-capture linkage path, and when one path is running, the other path performs a regeneration operation simultaneously.

[0010] Beneficial effects: Improved pretreatment processes efficiently remove particulate matter, VOCs, water vapor, and other impurities from industrial waste gas, preventing CO2 adsorbent poisoning and extending adsorbent lifespan; optimized system design enables precise alternating operation of multiple adsorbents, ensuring continuous 24-hour waste gas treatment and improving system stability; modular integrated design combines VOC-H2O adsorption purification and CO2 adsorption capture units into one unit, reducing system footprint and energy consumption; intelligent control system enables real-time monitoring of system parameters, automatic equipment control, and fault interlocking, improving system automation, reducing maintenance costs, and achieving uninterrupted industrial exhaust gas treatment, reducing equipment investment costs, optimizing unit CO2 capture energy consumption, achieving compliant emissions and high-purity CO2 recovery, combining environmental and economic benefits; and a robust fault warning mechanism ensures stable and reliable system operation.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the purifier is a vertical cylindrical tank, with a composite purification packing layer consisting of a modified activated carbon layer, a ceramic filter media layer, and an activated alumina adsorbent layer arranged sequentially in the airflow direction.

[0012] Beneficial effects: The improved pretreatment process efficiently removes particulate matter, VOCs, water vapor, and other impurities from industrial waste gas, preventing CO2 adsorbent poisoning, extending adsorbent lifespan, and enhancing system operational stability. Furthermore, the modular integrated design combines VOC-H2O adsorption and purification units into a single unit, reducing system footprint and energy consumption. Simultaneously, the vertical cylindrical tank and the composite purification packing layer arranged according to airflow direction better purify different impurities in the waste gas, ensuring optimal purification results.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, the adsorber is a horizontal cylindrical tank filled with a solid CO2 adsorbent made of molecular sieve or metal-organic framework material, and equipped with an internal circulation heating channel.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The horizontal cylindrical tank structure of the adsorber facilitates the filling of solid CO2 adsorbent; using molecular sieves or metal-organic framework materials as solid CO2 adsorbents can improve CO2 adsorption performance; equipped with an internal circulation heating channel, it can easily heat the adsorbent, accurately control the adsorbent activation process, and combined with other structures of the entire integrated device, it can achieve continuous and coordinated operation of waste gas purification and CO2 capture, avoid adsorbent poisoning, reduce system pressure fluctuations and unit CO2 capture energy consumption, improve system operation stability and automation level, and adapt to the exhaust gas characteristics of different industries.

[0015] In one alternative embodiment, the two adsorbers are connected by a pressure equalization valve, which ensures that the pressure difference between the two adsorbers is ≤0.02MPa before path switching, and the pressure equalization valve is installed between the outlet pipes of the two adsorbers.

[0016] Beneficial effects: By connecting the two adsorbers with a pressure equalization valve, the pressure difference between the two adsorbers is kept ≤0.02MPa before the path switching. Furthermore, by installing the pressure equalization valve between the outlet pipelines of the two adsorbers, the system pressure fluctuation can be reduced, ensuring continuous treatment of waste gas, improving the operational stability of the system, and realizing continuous and coordinated operation of waste gas purification and CO2 capture.

[0017] In one optional embodiment, the desorption valve and return valve of the purifier are connected to the end pipeline of the adsorber's operating path, and the saturated purifier is regenerated by reverse thermal desorption using the treated gas in the operating path.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The saturated purifier can be regenerated by reverse thermal desorption using the treated gas in the operating path, eliminating the need for an additional regeneration gas source, thus simplifying the system structure and reducing operating costs. Combined with the dual-path switching system's mode of simultaneous regeneration in one path while the other is running, purifier regeneration can be achieved without affecting continuous waste gas treatment, maintaining purification efficiency and ensuring stable, efficient, and continuous operation of the entire integrated carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification device. This also facilitates the full utilization of resources and energy within the system, meeting the design requirements of system integration, continuous operation, and energy conservation.

[0019] In one optional embodiment, the desorption valve of the adsorber is connected to a vacuum pump and a carbon dioxide storage tank via a pipeline, and the purge valve is connected to a purge fan via a pipeline. The vacuum pump and the purge fan are turned on and off in a time-sharing manner to realize the vacuum desorption-purge regeneration process.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The vacuum desorption-purge regeneration process of the adsorber is realized by the timed start and stop of the vacuum pump and the purge fan. This process can remove residual CO2 in the adsorber, improve desorption efficiency, ensure product gas purity, reduce system energy consumption, and maintain the stable circulation performance of the adsorbent. This helps to achieve continuous and stable operation of the device and the recovery of high-purity CO2.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the exhaust gas purification unit further includes a pretreatment module with adjustable filtration accuracy, wherein the pretreatment module is filled with a composite filter packing consisting of a metal fiber filter felt and a zeolite molecular sieve layer.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The pretreatment module of the exhaust gas purification unit can adjust the filtration accuracy according to actual needs. The composite filter packing composed of metal fiber filter felt and zeolite molecular sieve layer can further and efficiently remove impurities such as particulate matter, VOC, and water vapor in industrial exhaust gas, improve the pretreatment process, avoid CO2 adsorbent poisoning, extend the service life of the adsorbent, and enable the system to better adapt to exhaust gas treatment under different working conditions.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment, the auxiliary functional unit is equipped with a cooling device connected in series downstream of the intake regulating valve to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas to the adsorbent's operating temperature range.

[0024] Beneficial effects: By configuring a cooling device in the auxiliary functional unit and connecting it in series downstream of the intake regulating valve, the high-temperature exhaust gas can be cooled down to the working temperature range of the adsorbent, adapting to the temperature requirements of the adsorbent, solving the problem of the impact of high-temperature exhaust gas on the working of the adsorbent, and improving the device's ability to treat exhaust gas at different temperatures.

[0025] In one optional embodiment, both the purifier and the adsorber adopt a quick-connect flange connection structure, and both the composite purification packing layer and the solid CO2 adsorbent are drawer-type modular components.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The quick-install flange connection structure makes the installation and disassembly of the purifier and adsorbent more convenient and efficient. The composite purification packing layer and solid CO2 adsorbent are drawer-type modular components, which facilitates the maintenance and replacement of purification packing and adsorbent. This is conducive to the flexible assembly of the device and its adaptation to different scenario requirements, and can also reduce the difficulty and cost of operation and maintenance.

[0027] In one alternative implementation, the dual-path switching system is equipped with a pressure balance feedback mechanism, and the action response of the pressure equalization valve is based on real-time data from the pressure difference sensor between the adsorbers.

[0028] Beneficial effects: The dual-path switching system is equipped with a pressure balance feedback mechanism. The pressure equalization valve responds to the real-time data of the pressure difference sensor between the adsorbers, which can accurately control the pressure balance between the adsorbers. This allows the pressure equalization valve to more precisely ensure that the pressure difference between the two adsorbers is ≤0.02MPa before path switching, reducing system pressure fluctuations, ensuring stable system operation, and further improving the efficiency and stability of carbon dioxide capture and exhaust gas purification.

[0029] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] 1. The two alternating purifiers in the exhaust gas purification unit efficiently remove impurities such as particulate matter, VOCs, and water vapor from industrial exhaust gas, avoiding CO2 adsorbent poisoning and extending the adsorbent's service life.

[0031] 2. The dual-path switching system enables alternating switching between the two units, ensuring continuous 24-hour treatment of exhaust gas and improving the system's operational stability;

[0032] 3. Through modular integrated design, the exhaust gas purification unit, carbon dioxide capture unit and auxiliary functional unit are integrated into one unit, reducing the system's footprint and energy consumption loss. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Inlet regulating valve; 2. Exhaust valve; 3. Inlet fan; 4. Internal circulation channel valve; 5. Heater inlet valve; 6. Heater; 7. Purifier A inlet valve; 8. Purifier B inlet valve; 9. Purifier A desorption valve; 10. Purifier B desorption valve; 11. Purifier A; 12. Purifier B; 13. Purifier A outlet valve; 14. Purifier B outlet valve; 15. Purifier A return valve; 16. Purifier B return valve; 17. Adsorber A inlet valve; 18. 19. Adsorber B inlet valve; 20. Adsorber A desorption valve; 21. Adsorber B desorption valve; 22. Adsorber A purge valve; 23. Adsorber A; 24. Adsorber B; 25. Adsorber equalization valve; 26. Adsorber A outlet valve; 27. Adsorber B outlet valve; 28. Vacuum pump; 29. ​​Carbon dioxide storage tank inlet valve; 30. Carbon dioxide storage tank; 31. Carbon dioxide storage tank outlet valve; 32. Purge blower; 33. Exhaust valve; 34. Exhaust blower. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0039] The present invention provides the following embodiments:

[0040] Example 1

[0041] This application discloses an integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification, referring to... Figure 1 The system includes a waste gas purification unit, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and auxiliary functional units. These units are connected by pipelines and valves. The purifier and the adsorber form a dual-path switching system through pipelines and valves. During operation, the two paths form a purification-capture linkage path. While one path is running, the other path simultaneously performs regeneration operations. This achieves continuous treatment of industrial waste gas, improves system operational stability, and reduces energy consumption. This is because the alternating operation and synchronous regeneration of the two paths ensure uninterrupted treatment. At the same time, the reasonable system design reduces pressure fluctuations and energy loss.

[0042] Specifically, the exhaust gas purification unit comprises two alternating purifiers. Each purifier is a vertical cylindrical tank; this design facilitates uniform gas distribution within the tank, improving purification efficiency. Inside, a composite purification packing layer is arranged sequentially according to the airflow direction, consisting of a modified activated carbon layer, a ceramic filter media layer, and an activated alumina adsorbent layer. The modified activated carbon layer has a large specific surface area, effectively adsorbing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other impurities in the exhaust gas. It is typically made of specially treated activated carbon for superior adsorption performance. The ceramic filter media layer intercepts particulate matter in the exhaust gas; it is generally made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant ceramic materials and can be spherical or columnar, providing excellent filtration. The activated alumina adsorbent layer adsorbs water vapor and other pollutants in the exhaust gas; its particle size is moderate, resulting in a high adsorption capacity. Of course, the modified activated carbon layer can be replaced with other materials with similar adsorption properties, such as molecular sieve activated carbon; the ceramic filter media layer can be replaced with metal fiber filter felt, which offers higher filtration precision and better mechanical properties; and the activated alumina adsorbent layer can be replaced with adsorbents such as silica gel. Each purifier is also equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, and a return valve. These valves are all pneumatically operated, enabling rapid and accurate control of the gas's entry, exit, and flow direction. The inlet valve controls the entry of waste gas into the purifier, the outlet valve discharges the purified gas, the desorption valve removes desorbed impurities during regeneration, and the return valve circulates the gas during regeneration.

[0043] The components that make up the exhaust gas purification unit work in the following logic: exhaust gas first enters the purifier, passing sequentially through a modified activated carbon layer, a ceramic filter layer, and an activated alumina adsorbent layer for purification, before being discharged from the outlet valve. When the purifier is saturated, it undergoes reverse thermal desorption regeneration using treated gas from another path via a desorption valve and a return valve, restoring its purification capacity. This combination method efficiently removes particulate matter, VOCs, and water vapor from the exhaust gas, avoiding adsorbent poisoning and extending the adsorbent's lifespan.

[0044] Specifically, the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises two alternating adsorbers. The adsorbers are horizontal cylindrical tanks, a design that facilitates gas flow and the adsorption process. The solid CO2 adsorbent filled inside is made of molecular sieves or metal-organic framework materials, and is equipped with an internal circulation heating channel for convenient heating of the adsorbent and precise control of the adsorbent activation process. Molecular sieves have a regular pore structure, enabling selective adsorption of CO2 molecules, and their pore size can be adjusted as needed; metal-organic framework materials have a high specific surface area and abundant active sites, exhibiting a strong adsorption capacity for CO2. The internal circulation heating channel heats the adsorbent, improving adsorption and desorption efficiency. Each adsorber is also equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, a purge valve, and a pressure equalization valve, all of which are pneumatically operated. The inlet valve controls the entry of purified gas into the adsorber, the outlet valve discharges the treated gas, the desorption valve desorbs the adsorbed CO2 during regeneration, the purge valve purges residual CO2 by introducing gas during regeneration, and the equalizing valve balances the pressure of the two adsorbers before path switching.

[0045] The components of the carbon dioxide capture unit are combined in the following logic: purified gas enters the adsorber, CO2 is adsorbed by the solid adsorbent, and the treated gas is discharged from the outlet valve. When the adsorber is saturated, CO2 is desorbed through the desorption valve and vacuum pump 28 and stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 30. Then, gas is introduced through the purge valve and purge fan 32 for purging and regeneration to restore the adsorption capacity. Before the path switching, the pressure equalization valve ensures that the pressure difference between the two adsorbers is ≤0.02MPa, reducing pressure fluctuations during switching and ensuring stable system operation.

[0046] To ensure that the regeneration process is completed synchronously with the gas treatment process, the formula for calculating the adsorber regeneration time is derived:

[0047] ;

[0048] Symbol explanation:

[0049] : Time required for adsorber regeneration [s];

[0050] : Saturated adsorption capacity of adsorbent [kgCO2 / kg adsorbent];

[0051] Vacuum desorption rate [kgCO2 / s];

[0052] Purging and regeneration rate [kgCO2 / s].

[0053] Specifically, the auxiliary functional unit includes at least one intake fan 3, a vacuum pump 28, a heater 6, and a carbon dioxide storage tank 30. The intake fan 3 provides the power for the exhaust gas to enter the system, and its air volume and pressure can be adjusted according to the system's needs; the vacuum pump 28 is used to create a vacuum environment during the regeneration of the adsorber to achieve vacuum desorption, and a rotary vane vacuum pump 28 is generally selected, which has a high vacuum degree and pumping speed; the heater 6 is an electrically heated heater 6, and the outlet gas temperature is adjustable, which can provide suitable temperature conditions for the adsorption and desorption processes of the adsorber; the carbon dioxide storage tank 30 is used to store the captured high-purity CO2.

[0054] The components that make up the auxiliary functional unit work together in the following logic: the intake fan 3 introduces waste gas into the system, the heater 6 provides the system with a suitable temperature, the vacuum pump 28 is used for the regeneration of the adsorber, and the carbon dioxide storage tank 30 stores the captured CO2. These components work together to provide power, heat, vacuum, and other auxiliary functions to the purification and capture unit, ensuring the continuous operation of the system.

[0055] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0056] Initial startup, full system standby → Path 1, preparation for operation.

[0057] Operation 1: Adsorbent Activation

[0058] Open the internal circulation channel valve 4 and the heater inlet valve 5, and simultaneously turn on the intake fan 3 and the heater 6. This creates a closed circulation channel within the system. The circulating air passes through the fan and enters the heater 6, where its temperature rises. It then simultaneously enters the adsorbers A23 and B24 to heat the carbon dioxide adsorbent until it reaches the required temperature. Maintain this temperature until the adsorbent is activated, then stop.

[0059] To precisely control the adsorbent activation process, the equipment heating time control process is based on the following calculation formula:

[0060] ;

[0061] Symbol explanation:

[0062] : Time required for adsorbent activation [s];

[0063] : Mass of CO2 adsorbent in a single adsorber [kg];

[0064] Specific heat capacity of adsorbent [J / (kg・℃)];

[0065] Mass of the adsorber tank [kg];

[0066] Specific heat capacity of tank material [J / (kg・℃)];

[0067] Target temperature for adsorbent activation [°C];

[0068] Initial system temperature [°C];

[0069] Heater 6 rated power [W];

[0070] : Heating system thermal efficiency [%], default 0.85 under closed loop.

[0071] Operation 2: Open intake regulating valve 1, adjust the opening to the preset value, and slowly introduce the initial value of exhaust gas flow (the initial flow value in this scheme is 1000m³ / h).

[0072] Start the intake fan 3, set the frequency to the preset value, gradually increase the air pressure, and simultaneously adjust the opening of the intake regulating valve 1 to the second preset value to stabilize the exhaust gas flow. The opening of the regulating valve can be adjusted automatically according to the flow rate.

[0073] Simultaneously open the air inlet valve 7 and air outlet valve 13 of purifier A, keeping the valves fully open to allow the exhaust gas to enter purifier A11. After the airflow at the outlet of purifier A11 stabilizes, open the air inlet valve 17 and air outlet valve 26 of adsorber A, the return valve 16 of purifier B, the desorption valve 10 of purifier B, and the exhaust valve 33; turn on the air inlet fan 3 and the exhaust fan 34, keeping the valves fully open, to complete the airflow connection of path 1.

[0074] 2. Path 1: Continuous treatment stage of purifier A11 + adsorber A23

[0075] The system continues to operate until the unit is saturated, with the intake fan 3 maintaining the exhaust gas flow rate at the second preset value. The outlet of purifier A11 is equipped with online monitoring instruments for particulate matter concentration and non-methane total hydrocarbon concentration, ensuring that the particulate matter concentration is ≤8mg / m³ and the non-methane total hydrocarbon concentration is ≤40mg / m³. The outlet of adsorber A23 is equipped with an online monitoring instrument for carbon dioxide concentration, ensuring that the CO2 volume fraction is ≤1%. The compliant gas enters purifier B12 after passing through the outlet valve 26 of adsorber A and is discharged along the channel.

[0076] 3. Path switching from Path 1 to Path 2, synchronously triggering unit regeneration.

[0077] Triggering condition: When the concentration of non-methane total hydrocarbons at the outlet of purifier A11 and the volume fraction of CO2 at the outlet of adsorber A23 are detected to rise to the trigger value, the switching process is initiated.

[0078] Step 1: Close the valve in path 1:

[0079] First, close the air inlet valve 7 and air outlet valve 13 of purifier A; then close the air inlet valve 17 and air outlet valve 26 of adsorber A.

[0080] Step 2: Pressure Equilibrium

[0081] Open the adsorber equalization valve 25 to reduce the pressure difference between adsorber A23 and adsorber B24 to ≤0.02MPa, then close the adsorber equalization valve 25.

[0082] The pressure equilibrium process can be quantified by the following formula:

[0083] ;

[0084] The equilibrium pressure after equalization of adsorbers A and B [MPa];

[0085] / Effective volume of adsorbers A / B [m³];

[0086] / : Pressure inside adsorber A / B before pressure equalization [MPa];

[0087] / Pressure change rate during the equalization process [MPa / s];

[0088] k: Gas flow coefficient [m²・s / MPa], default value for pneumatic equalizing valve is 0.005;

[0089] A: Flow area of ​​the equalizing valve [m²];

[0090] ΔP: Instantaneous pressure difference during the equalization process [MPa];

[0091] ρ: Gas density [kg / m³];

[0092] Total volume of adsorbers A and B [m³].

[0093] Substituting the parameters of this embodiment, the P balance value and the time for the pressure difference to reach the standard are calculated.

[0094] Step 3: Open the valve in path 2:

[0095] First open the air inlet valve 8 and air outlet valve 14 of purifier B; then open the air inlet valve 18 and air outlet valve 27 of adsorber B.

[0096] The above three steps should be performed simultaneously.

[0097] Step 4: Parameter calibration: The air pressure of intake fan 3 maintains the second preset value of exhaust gas flow, and path 2 enters the continuous processing stage.

[0098] 4. The A11 purifier uses a regeneration thermal desorption method, which is performed simultaneously with the treatment in path 2.

[0099] Open the desorption valve 9 and return valve 15 of purifier A. While processing the gas in path 2, backflush purifier A11 to complete regeneration.

[0100] 5. The regeneration of adsorber A23, including vacuum desorption and purging regeneration, is performed simultaneously with the process in path 2.

[0101] Vacuum desorption steps:

[0102] Open the desorption valve 19 of adsorber A, start the vacuum pump 28, and set the vacuum level to be no lower than the preset value; open the inlet valve 29 of the carbon dioxide storage tank, and introduce the desorbed high-concentration CO2 into the carbon dioxide storage tank 30, while monitoring the tank pressure.

[0103] Turn on the desorption valve 19 of adsorber A, the vacuum pump 28, and the inlet valve 29 of the carbon dioxide storage tank;

[0104] Purging and regeneration steps:

[0105] Close the desorption valve 19 of adsorber A, vacuum pump 28, and carbon dioxide storage tank inlet valve 29. Open the purge valve 21 of adsorber A, carbon dioxide storage tank outlet valve 31, and purge fan 32. After the adsorbent activation time is reached, close the purge valve 21 of adsorber A and purge fan 32, and enter standby mode.

[0106] 6. Path 2: Continuous treatment stage with purifier B12 and adsorber B24

[0107] The system continues to operate until the unit is saturated, with the intake fan 3 maintaining the exhaust gas flow rate at the second preset value. The outlets of purifier B12 and A11 share the same online monitoring instrument for particulate matter concentration and non-methane total hydrocarbon concentration, while the outlets of adsorber B24 and A23 share the same online monitoring instrument for carbon dioxide concentration. The compliant gas enters purifier A11 after passing through the exhaust valve 27 of adsorber B and is then discharged along the channel.

[0108] Saturation trigger: When the total non-methane hydrocarbons at the outlet of purifier B12 rise to the preset value and the CO at the outlet of adsorber B24 rise to the preset value, the process of "path switching → purifier B12 regeneration → adsorber B24 regeneration" is repeated, and the system switches back to path 1.

[0109] 7. Looping effect

[0110] The system achieves continuous operation without shutdown, continuous exhaust gas treatment capacity, and stable CO2 capture through a cycle of "path 1 processing → path 2 processing + path 1 regeneration → path 1 processing + path 2 regeneration".

[0111] The integrated carbon dioxide capture and exhaust gas purification device in this embodiment achieves continuous treatment of industrial exhaust gas through coordinated control of "alternating purification by dual purification units + alternating capture by dual capture units + synchronous regeneration". The exhaust gas purification unit first removes impurities such as particulate matter, VOCs, and water vapor from the exhaust gas to avoid adsorbent poisoning; the carbon dioxide capture unit selectively captures CO2 from the purified exhaust gas; and the auxiliary functional unit provides the necessary power, heat, and vacuum conditions for the entire system. The dual-path switching system ensures continuous operation of the system while one path is running, improving system stability and efficiency. Simultaneously, the modular design reduces the system's footprint and energy consumption, increases the system's automation level, and lowers maintenance costs, offering significant advantages over existing technologies.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that the exhaust gas purification unit also includes a pretreatment module with adjustable filtration precision. The pretreatment module is filled with a composite filter media consisting of a metal fiber filter felt and a zeolite molecular sieve layer. The metal fiber filter felt has high filtration precision and can effectively intercept fine particulate matter in the exhaust gas; the zeolite molecular sieve layer can further adsorb impurities such as VOCs and water vapor in the exhaust gas. This design allows for adjustment of the filtration precision according to the characteristics of exhaust gases from different industries, improving the exhaust gas purification effect.

[0114] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: by adding a pretreatment module with adjustable filtration precision, impurities in the exhaust gas can be removed more effectively, further protecting the subsequent adsorbent and extending its service life. Simultaneously, the adjustable filtration precision allows the device to adapt to the characteristics of exhaust gases from different industries, improving its versatility and adaptability. It exhibits better performance in treating special exhaust gases such as those with high dust levels, making it more flexible and efficient compared to traditional purification devices.

[0115] Example 3

[0116] The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that the auxiliary functional unit is equipped with a cooling device, which is connected in series downstream of the intake regulating valve 1 to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas to the operating temperature range of the adsorbent. When treating high-temperature exhaust gas, the cooling device can reduce the exhaust gas temperature to the temperature at which the adsorbent can operate normally, thus avoiding the impact of high temperature on the performance of the adsorbent.

[0117] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: when treating high-temperature exhaust gas, the cooling device can ensure that the adsorbent operates at a suitable temperature, thereby improving adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity. This expands the applicability of the device, enabling it to handle exhaust gas at different temperatures, enhancing the device's adaptability to various scenarios, while also protecting the adsorbent, extending its service life, and reducing operating costs.

[0118] Example 4

[0119] The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that both the purifier and the adsorber adopt a quick-install flange connection structure, and both the composite purification packing layer and the solid CO2 adsorbent are drawer-type modular components. The quick-install flange connection structure facilitates the installation and disassembly of the equipment, improving the maintenance efficiency; the drawer-type modular components make the replacement of the composite purification packing layer and the solid CO2 adsorbent more convenient and quick.

[0120] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: the quick-install flange connection structure and drawer-type modular component design greatly improve the efficiency of equipment installation, maintenance, and replacement. When it is necessary to replace the purification packing or adsorbent, the operation can be carried out quickly, reducing equipment downtime and improving the system's continuous operation capability. At the same time, this design also facilitates equipment upgrades and modifications, enabling the device to better adapt to different process requirements and exhaust gas characteristics.

[0121] Example 5

[0122] The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that the dual-path switching system is equipped with a pressure balance feedback mechanism, and the action response of the pressure equalization valve is based on real-time data from the pressure difference sensor between the two adsorbers. The pressure balance feedback mechanism can monitor the pressure difference between the two adsorbers in real time and control the action of the pressure equalization valve according to the monitoring data, ensuring that the pressure difference between the two adsorbers is ≤0.02MPa during path switching.

[0123] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: by setting up a pressure balancing feedback mechanism, the pressure equalization process can be controlled more precisely, reducing pressure fluctuations during path switching. A differential pressure sensor monitors pressure data in real time, and the pressure equalization valve adjusts accordingly to ensure stable system operation. This design improves system reliability and stability, reduces equipment damage and operational failures caused by pressure fluctuations, and further enhances the performance of the device.

[0124] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification, characterized in that: The system includes an exhaust gas purification unit comprising two alternating purifiers, each filled with composite purification packing and equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, and a return valve; a carbon dioxide capture unit comprising two alternating adsorbers, each filled with solid CO2 adsorbent and equipped with an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a desorption valve, a purge valve, and a pressure equalization valve; and an auxiliary functional unit comprising at least one intake fan (3), a vacuum pump (28), a heater (6), and a carbon dioxide storage tank (30). The purifiers and adsorbers form a dual-path switching system through pipelines and valves. When the dual paths are running, they form a purification-capture linkage path, and when one path is running, the other path performs a regeneration operation simultaneously.

2. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purifier is a vertical cylindrical tank, and inside it is a composite purification packing layer consisting of a modified activated carbon layer, a ceramic filter media layer, and an activated alumina adsorbent layer arranged in sequence according to the airflow direction.

3. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorber is a horizontal cylindrical tank filled with a solid CO2 adsorbent made of molecular sieve or metal-organic framework material, and equipped with an internal circulation heating channel.

4. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two adsorbers are connected by a pressure equalization valve, which ensures that the pressure difference between the two adsorbers is ≤0.02MPa before path switching. The pressure equalization valve is installed between the outlet pipes of the two adsorbers.

5. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desorption valve and return valve of the purifier are connected to the end pipeline of the adsorber's operating path, and the treated gas in the operating path is used to perform reverse thermal desorption regeneration on the saturated purifier.

6. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desorption valve of the adsorber is connected to the vacuum pump (28) and the carbon dioxide storage tank (30) through a pipeline, and the purge valve is connected to the purge fan (32) through a pipeline. The vacuum pump (28) and the purge fan (32) are turned on and off in turn to realize the vacuum desorption-purge regeneration process.

7. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust gas purification unit also includes a pretreatment module with adjustable filtration accuracy, which is filled with a composite filter packing consisting of a metal fiber filter felt and a zeolite molecular sieve layer.

8. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary functional unit is equipped with a cooling device, which is connected in series downstream of the intake regulating valve (1) to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas to the working temperature range of the adsorbent.

9. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the purifier and the adsorber adopt a quick-install flange connection structure, and the composite purification packing layer and the solid CO2 adsorbent are drawer-type modular components.

10. The integrated device for carbon dioxide capture and waste gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-path switching system is equipped with a pressure balance feedback mechanism, and the action response of the pressure equalization valve is based on real-time data from the pressure difference sensor between the adsorbers.

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