Hydrogen-powered detonation engine, power plant and method of producing water vapor and mechanical energy therefrom
By incorporating a direct heat transfer coupling structure and a multi-stage blocking loop in the hydrogen detonation heat engine, combined with sensor closed-loop control, the problems of low efficiency and poor adaptability of existing hydrogen detonation technology in industrial steam production are solved, achieving efficient zero-carbon steam production and mechanical energy output.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 王超
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
Smart Images
Figure CN122191519A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy and energy conservation technology, specifically to a hydrogen detonation heat engine, a power unit, and a method for preparing steam and generating mechanical energy. Background Technology
[0002] In industrial production, industrial steam is a core process medium, widely used in heating, drying, sterilization, process reactions and many other scenarios. Its preparation efficiency, energy consumption level and environmental performance directly affect the economy and greenness of industrial production.
[0003] Currently, the mainstream industrial methods for producing steam mostly rely on the combustion of traditional fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to heat boilers, which results in high carbon emissions, low thermal efficiency, and high levels of pollutants (NOx). x Problems such as excessive emissions of SO2. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen detonation heat engine, a power unit, and a method for preparing steam and generating mechanical energy, so as to at least partially overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a hydrogen detonation heat engine is provided, comprising: a detonation chamber and a steam generation chamber; the detonation chamber and the steam generation chamber are connected by a heat exchange coupling structure for direct heat conduction, wherein the heat generated by the detonation reaction in the detonation chamber is conducted through the heat exchange coupling structure to heat the water in the steam generation chamber into steam.
[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an integrated power device for a hydrogen detonation heat engine is provided, including the aforementioned hydrogen detonation heat engine, and further including: a power output component; the power output component includes an impeller and an output shaft, the impeller and the output shaft being coaxially connected to output mechanical energy externally.
[0007] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing water vapor using hydrogen detonation is provided, employing the aforementioned hydrogen detonation heat engine, the method comprising: Ignition is achieved by using an ignition device to trigger a detonation reaction in the detonable mixture within the detonation chamber; The high temperature and pressure heat generated by the detonation is transferred from the detonation chamber to the steam generation chamber through a heat exchange coupling structure, causing the water contained in the steam generation chamber to rapidly vaporize and generate steam.
[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method for preparing water vapor and generating mechanical energy by hydrogen detonation is provided, which is implemented using the above-described integrated hydrogen detonation thermo-engine power device, the method comprising: Ignition is achieved by using an ignition device to trigger a detonation reaction in the detonable mixture within the detonation chamber; The high temperature and high pressure heat generated by the detonation is transferred from the detonation chamber to the steam generation chamber through a heat exchange coupling structure, causing the water contained in the steam generation chamber to rapidly vaporize and generate steam. The detonation shock wave generated by the detonation impacts the impeller, causing the output shaft, which is coaxially connected to the impeller, to rotate and output mechanical energy.
[0009] The above-mentioned at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this disclosure can achieve the following beneficial effects: It employs a heat exchange coupling structure with direct heat conduction between the detonation chamber and the steam generation chamber, fully utilizing the heat generated by hydrogen detonation to heat water and generate steam. Combined with the high enthalpy characteristics of isochoric combustion of hydrogen detonation, the heat exchange efficiency is improved by more than 30% compared to traditional hydrogen heat engines; multi-stage blocking rings effectively improve the detonation success rate, and with sensor closed-loop control, continuous and stable operation of hydrogen detonation is achieved; with the detonation chamber and steam generation chamber as the core, various arrangement methods can adapt to different installation space requirements, adapting to conventional industrial steam preparation scenarios, covering distributed and centralized needs; using hydrogen as fuel, the combustion product is only water, with no carbon emissions, and the high temperature and short residence time characteristics of detonation reduce NO emissions. x It emits less gas and requires no additional denitrification equipment, thus meeting environmental protection requirements; the purity requirement for hydrogen detonation is relatively low, and industrial by-product hydrogen can be used as fuel, making it energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description
[0010] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0011] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of another hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0012] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram.
[0013] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A top view diagram after removing the end caps.
[0014] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0015] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0016] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing water vapor by hydrogen detonation, provided as an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0017] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated hydrogen detonation heat engine power unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0018] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram.
[0019] Figure 10 This disclosure provides a method for preparing water vapor and generating mechanical energy through hydrogen detonation.
[0020] Figure label: 1. Detonation chamber; 11. Blocking ring; 2. Steam generation chamber; 21. Water inlet; 22. Steam outlet; 23. Output pressure control valve; 24. Water outlet; 31. Hydrogen inlet; 32. Air inlet; 33. Spark plug; 41. Pressure sensor; 42. Water level sensor; 43. Temperature sensor; 51. Primary nozzle; 52. Secondary nozzle; 52. Through hole; 53. Impeller; 54. Output shaft; 8. Heat exchange coupling structure; 81. Connecting heat exchange tubes; 9. Water. Detailed Implementation
[0021] With the widespread application of hydrogen energy as a zero-carbon clean energy source, its efficient utilization has become a crucial breakthrough direction in the field of industrial steam production. Compared with traditional slow combustion and deflagration, hydrogen detonation has significant advantages such as high thermal efficiency, rapid energy release, and low pollutant emissions. It is divided into two main forms: pulse detonation and rotating detonation. Its high-temperature waste heat recovery potential is enormous, providing a new technological path for zero-carbon industrial steam production.
[0022] In the existing technology, the application of hydrogen detonation technology still has many shortcomings: existing hydrogen detonation-related devices are mostly focused on power output or other special applications, and are not specifically designed for industrial steam production. It is difficult to efficiently recover the high-temperature heat generated by the detonation, resulting in low hydrogen energy utilization efficiency and the inability to stably produce steam that meets industrial parameter requirements.
[0023] Meanwhile, in existing technologies, the applications of pulse detonation and rotating detonation are independent of each other. There is a lack of an integrated device that can be compatible with both detonation modes and is specifically designed for industrial steam preparation. This makes it impossible to flexibly switch detonation modes according to the actual needs of industrial scenarios (such as small-scale pilot tests and large-scale continuous production), which limits the large-scale promotion and application of hydrogen detonation technology in the field of industrial steam preparation.
[0024] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, there is an urgent need for a hydrogen detonation device and method for preparing industrial steam that is compatible with both pulse detonation and rotating detonation, focuses industrial steam preparation, has high heat exchange efficiency, stable steam parameters, and achieves efficient zero-carbon utilization of hydrogen energy. This would solve the problems of high carbon emissions, low thermal efficiency, poor adaptability, and unstable steam quality in existing industrial steam preparation methods.
[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. For ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.
[0026] First, it should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can also refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0027] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "upper," "inner," "outer," etc., indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the structure must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this application.
[0028] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen detonation heat engine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a detonation chamber 1 and a steam generation chamber 2; the detonation chamber 1 and the steam generation chamber 2 are connected by a heat exchange coupling structure 8 for direct heat conduction, and the heat generated by the detonation reaction in the detonation chamber 1 heats the water 9 in the steam generation chamber 2 into steam through the heat exchange coupling structure 8.
[0029] Among them, the heat exchange coupling structure 8 is a heat exchange wall surface that is shared or in direct contact with the steam generation chamber and the detonation chamber 1.
[0030] The detonation chamber 1 and the steam generation chamber 2 can be arranged in at least one of the following ways: Part or all of the detonation chamber 1 is located inside the steam generation chamber 2; Part or all of the steam generation chamber 2 is located inside the detonation chamber 1; The steam generating chamber 2 is surrounded by a water jacket around the detonation chamber 1 and extends partially into the interior of the detonation chamber 1.
[0031] The following will describe in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, an embodiment of a hydrogen detonation heat engine, a power unit, and a method for generating steam and mechanical energy according to the present disclosure.
[0032] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of yet another hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of this disclosure provides a hydrogen detonation heat engine, including: a detonation chamber 1 and a steam generation chamber 2, and further including: a sensing and control component and a safety component, as detailed below: The detonation chamber 1 is a cylindrical cavity (vertically arranged in the attached diagram). The length-to-diameter ratio of the detonation chamber 1 is greater than 3:1. The detonation chamber 1 needs sufficient length to ensure detonation occurs. As the core site of the hydrogen detonation reaction, the detonation chamber 1 cooperates with the steam generation chamber 2 to achieve heat exchange. For example, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange wall shared by the steam generating chamber 2 and the detonation chamber 1, and the heat exchange coupling structure 8 for direct heat conduction between the detonation chamber 1 and the steam generating chamber 2, is part of the outer wall of the detonation chamber 1.
[0033] The number of detonation chambers 1 is at least one, and multiple parallel structures can be configured according to the required steam output. Figure 4 for Figure 2 A top view diagram after removing the end caps, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, for example, the number of detonation chambers 1 is 4.
[0034] The detonation chamber 1 includes a hydrogen inlet 31 and an air inlet 32. An installation interface is provided at the top of the detonation chamber 1. The hydrogen inlet 31 and air inlet 32 are located on opposite sides of the top of the detonation chamber 1. Both inlets communicate with the inner cavity of the detonation chamber 1 and are connected to a matching flow regulating valve to control the air-fuel ratio of the hydrogen-air mixture (preferably 1:2-1:4), thus providing a basis for stable detonation. The flow regulating valve is electrically connected to an external controller to achieve automatic adjustment of the supply.
[0035] The detonation chamber 1 also includes an ignition device, which uses a spark plug 33 and is installed at the top of the detonation chamber 1 near the center. Its ignition end extends into the inner cavity of the detonation chamber 1 and comes into contact with the hydrogen-air mixture to provide ignition energy.
[0036] A blocking ring 11 is provided at the lower part of the detonation chamber 1, arranged along the axial direction of the detonation chamber 1. The multi-stage blocking ring 11 is arranged coaxially and nested. The blocking ring 11 is a ring-shaped throttling structure with an outer diameter that matches the inner diameter of the detonation chamber 1. A buffer cavity is formed between adjacent blocking rings 11. The blocking ring 11 is used to increase the contact area between the flame and the mixed gas, so that the hydrogen-oxygen reaction rate is rapidly increased, more energy is released in a short time, and the deflagration is quickly converted into detonation, improving the success rate of detonation and releasing more heat, which is then conducted to the water vapor generating chamber 2 to generate water vapor faster and more. In addition, the multi-stage blocking ring 11 at the lower part of the detonation chamber 1 can ensure that the detonation wave is transmitted along the axial direction, shortening the detonation distance while ensuring effective detonation, thereby shortening the length of the detonation chamber 1 and achieving the purpose of reducing the overall size of the machine.
[0037] The steam generating chamber 2 contains water 9 within its cavity. The steam generating chamber 2 has a water inlet 21, a water outlet 24, and a steam outlet 22. Heat exchange between the steam generating chamber 2 and the detonation chamber 1 is achieved through a heat exchange coupling structure 8. The arrangement of the detonation chamber 1 and the steam generating chamber 2 includes at least one of the following arrangements: Part or all of the detonation chamber 1 is located inside the steam generation chamber 2; Part or all of the steam generation chamber 2 is located inside the detonation chamber 1; The steam generating chamber 2 is surrounded by a water jacket around the detonation chamber 1 and extends partially into the interior of the detonation chamber 1.
[0038] like Figure 2-4 As shown, exemplarily, a portion of the detonation chamber 1 is located inside the steam generation chamber 2, meaning the steam generation chamber 2 is enclosed by a water jacket around the outside of the detonation chamber 1. It can be understood that a certain amount of water is injected into the cavity of the water jacket formed by the steam generation chamber 2, and the detonation chamber 1 is immersed in the water 9 within the water jacket cavity. At this time, the heat exchange coupling structure 8 is a shared heat exchange wall surface between the steam generation chamber 2 and the detonation chamber 1, i.e., a portion of the outer wall of the detonation chamber 1. The steam generation chamber 2 and the heat exchange coupling structure 8 perform the functions of water containment, heat exchange, and steam generation.
[0039] The steam generating chamber 2 is provided with a water inlet 21 and a steam outlet 22, for example, Figure 2-4 As shown, both the water inlet 21 and the steam outlet 22 are located at the upper part of the steam generating chamber 2 and are connected to the cavity of the steam generating chamber 2. The water inlet 21 is connected to an external water pump to supplement the water source. The steam outlet 22 is connected to an output pressure control valve 23, which is used to adjust the steam output pressure to meet the needs of downstream equipment. The output pressure control valve 23 is linked with a sensor signal to achieve automatic pressure regulation. A water outlet 24 is provided at the bottom of the steam generating chamber 2 to discharge the hot water after heat exchange. While ensuring stable heat exchange efficiency, the discharged hot water can be used as domestic heating water, etc.
[0040] Sensing and control components: A pressure sensor 41 is installed inside the detonation chamber 1, extending into the inner cavity of the detonation chamber 1 near the top (not shown in the figure), to monitor the instantaneous pressure inside the detonation chamber 1; a water level sensor 42 and a temperature sensor 43 are installed inside the steam generation chamber 2 to monitor the water level and temperature inside the steam generation chamber 2, respectively. The signals from the three sensors are all transmitted to an external controller to achieve closed-loop control.
[0041] It should be noted that the pressure sensor 41, water level sensor 42, and temperature sensor 43 shown in the figure are schematic diagrams of the installation ports.
[0042] Safety components: A pressure relief valve (not shown in the figure) is installed on the top of the detonation chamber 1. When the internal pressure exceeds the set threshold, it will automatically open to relieve pressure and prevent the equipment from being damaged by overpressure. The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve is higher than the normal operating pressure of the detonation chamber 1, which is adapted to the instantaneous high pressure characteristics of detonation.
[0043] The hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in this embodiment adopts a heat exchange coupling structure with direct heat conduction between the detonation chamber and the steam generation chamber. It fully utilizes the heat generated by hydrogen detonation to heat water and produce steam. Combined with the high enthalpy characteristics of isochoric combustion in hydrogen detonation, its heat exchange efficiency is more than 30% higher than that of traditional hydrogen heat engines. Multi-stage blocking loops effectively improve the detonation success rate, and with sensor-based closed-loop control, continuous and stable operation of hydrogen detonation is achieved. With the detonation chamber and steam generation chamber as the core, various arrangement methods can adapt to different installation space requirements, suitable for conventional industrial steam preparation scenarios, covering both distributed and centralized needs. Using hydrogen as fuel, the combustion product is only water, with no carbon emissions. Furthermore, the high temperature and short residence time characteristics of detonation minimize NO emissions. x It emits less gas and requires no additional denitrification equipment, thus meeting environmental protection requirements; the purity requirement for hydrogen detonation is relatively low, and industrial by-product hydrogen can be used as fuel, making it energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
[0044] Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the steam generating chamber 2 is surrounded by a water jacket around the detonation chamber 1 and partially extends into the interior of the detonation chamber 1. The heat exchange coupling structure 8 includes: a portion of the outer wall of the detonation chamber 1 and a connecting heat exchange pipe 81 that communicates with the steam generating chamber 2 and extends into the interior of the detonation chamber 1. Figure 5 It can be seen that the inner cavity of the steam generating chamber 2 is connected to the cavity of the heat exchange tube 81 extending into the detonation chamber 1, thereby connecting the water in the steam generating chamber 2 to the heat exchange tube 81 inside the detonation chamber 1 (isolated from the detonable mixed gas inside the detonation chamber 1). Based on the heat exchange coupling structure 8, which is part of the outer wall of the detonation chamber 1, the addition of the heat exchange tube 81 greatly increases the heat exchange area of the heat exchange coupling structure 8 and improves the steam generation efficiency.
[0045] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the heat exchange tube 81 that connects to the steam generation chamber 2 and extends into the detonation chamber 1 can also be a spiral heat exchange tube 81. The actual tube length of this spiral heat exchange tube 81 is much greater than the straight tube length, which greatly increases the heat exchange area of the heat exchange coupling structure 8 and improves the steam generation efficiency.
[0046] This disclosure also provides a method for preparing water vapor using hydrogen detonation, implemented using the aforementioned hydrogen detonation heat engine. Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing water vapor by hydrogen detonation, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S301. Ignition is achieved by an ignition device, which triggers the detonation reaction of the detonable mixture in the detonation chamber. Understandably, prior to this step, a premixed supply of hydrogen and air is required. This involves introducing hydrogen and air into the detonation chamber through the hydrogen and air inlets at a predetermined air-fuel ratio to form an explosive mixture. As the detonation reaction occurs, this premixed supply of hydrogen and air must continue. Furthermore, a (measured) amount of water is pre-injected into the steam generation chamber through its inlet, and replenished as needed as water is consumed.
[0047] Ignition is achieved by using an ignition device (spark plug) in the detonation chamber to trigger the detonation of the detonable mixture, which is a mixture of hydrogen and air. The detonation generates instantaneous high temperature and high pressure heat, and at the same time, it generates a detonation shock wave.
[0048] S302. The instantaneous high temperature and high pressure heat generated by the detonation is transferred from the detonation chamber to the steam generation chamber through the heat exchange coupling structure, causing the water contained in the steam generation chamber to rapidly vaporize and generate steam.
[0049] It is understandable that, since the heat exchange coupling structure between the steam generation chamber and the detonation chamber can fully realize the direct heat exchange between water and detonation heat, the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure heat generated by the detonation is transferred to the steam generation chamber through the heat exchange coupling structure, causing the water in the steam generation chamber to quickly vaporize and generate steam.
[0050] Furthermore, methods for preparing water vapor by hydrogen detonation also include: S303, Steam output and hot water discharge; The water vapor generated in step S302 accumulates in the upper part of the water vapor generating chamber. When the water vapor pressure reaches a set threshold (exemplarily, 0.8-10MPa), the output pressure control valve opens, and the water vapor is output to the outside.
[0051] The hot water generated by the steam generation chamber can be discharged through the outlet and collected through the drainage channel at the bottom of the device.
[0052] Furthermore, methods for preparing water vapor by hydrogen detonation also include: S304: Real-time acquisition of water level, water temperature, and internal pressure in the steam generator chamber; adjustment of hydrogen and air supply and detonation frequency based on the acquired signals.
[0053] The water level, water temperature, and internal pressure in the steam generation chamber are collected in real time by a water level sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor in the detonation chamber. Based on the collected signals, the supply of hydrogen and air and the detonation frequency are adjusted to maintain stable steam parameters.
[0054] Furthermore, in step S301, the air-fuel ratio is 1:2-1:4, and the introduced hydrogen and air are precisely controlled by a flow regulating valve to ensure that the mixture reaches the detonation concentration range.
[0055] Furthermore, in steps S301 and S302, the instantaneous temperature generated by the detonation is ≥2000℃ and the instantaneous pressure is ≥10MPa.
[0056] Furthermore, in steps S303 and S304, the output pressure of the steam is maintained at 0.8-10 MPa and the temperature is maintained at 170-540℃ to meet the needs of industrial steam.
[0057] Furthermore, when the detonation chamber 1 consists of at least two uniformly arranged cavities, step S301 employs alternating or sequential ignition detonation to cause each detonation chamber to detonate sequentially, thereby achieving continuous and stable output of water vapor and avoiding fluctuations in water vapor output caused by single-cavity detonation.
[0058] The method for preparing water vapor using hydrogen detonation provided in this disclosure is compatible with both pulse detonation and rotating detonation, focuses industrial water vapor preparation, has high heat exchange efficiency, stable water vapor parameters, and realizes efficient zero-carbon utilization of hydrogen energy. It solves the problems of high carbon emissions, low thermal efficiency, poor adaptability, and unstable water vapor quality in existing industrial water vapor preparation methods.
[0059] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated hydrogen detonation heat engine power unit provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 9 for Figure 8 A longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, based on the structure of the hydrogen detonation heat engine provided in this disclosure, a power output component is added to realize the dual functions of industrial steam preparation and mechanical power output, adapting to scenarios such as distributed power generation and industrial power supply.
[0060] refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The power output component includes an impeller 53 and an output shaft 54, wherein the impeller 53 and the output shaft 54 are coaxially connected to output mechanical energy to the outside.
[0061] The detonation chamber 1 also includes: a primary nozzle 51 and a secondary nozzle 52 connected in sequence at the bottom of the detonation chamber. The primary nozzle 51 is used to accelerate the detonation shock wave generated by the detonation in the detonation chamber 1. An impeller 53 and an output shaft 54 are arranged below the nozzle of the secondary nozzle 52. The output shaft 54 is fixed to the bottom of the device by a bearing seat.
[0062] First-stage nozzle 51: It is roughly inverted cone-shaped, with its top connected to the bottom of the detonation chamber 1 at the outlet of the detonation chamber 1, and the nozzle facing the blades of the impeller 53.
[0063] Secondary nozzle 52: It is roughly inverted conical in shape, wrapped around the outside of primary nozzle 51, and forms a cavity between them. The nozzle of secondary nozzle 52 is set at the bottom of primary nozzle 51. Furthermore, a through hole 522 is provided on secondary nozzle 52. The through hole 522 allows the cavity formed between secondary nozzle 52 and primary nozzle 51 to communicate with the outside atmosphere, thereby reducing the supersonic airflow generated by detonation to subsonic speed and maintaining a high level of energy conversion efficiency. The nozzle of secondary nozzle 52 is directly opposite the blades of impeller 53, so that the jet load ejected from secondary nozzle 52 is evenly distributed, making it less likely to damage impeller 53, and improving the stability and service life of the whole machine.
[0064] Impeller 53: Made of high-temperature resistant cast iron or low-alloy heat-resistant steel, with arc-shaped blades, coaxially fixed with the output shaft 54, and driven to rotate by jet impact on the blades; Output shaft 54: passes through the bearing housing, one end is connected to the impeller 53, and the other end extends to the outside of the device for connecting to a generator, water pump or other power load; Bearing housing: Fixed to the bottom housing of the device, with a built-in high-temperature resistant bearing to support the output shaft 54 and ensure rotational stability.
[0065] The sensor control components and safety components of the aforementioned hydrogen detonation heat engine are retained, with the addition of a speed sensor (installed at the end of the output shaft 54) which is linked with the closed-loop control system to adjust the detonation frequency to stabilize the output speed.
[0066] The hydrogen detonation thermoelectric generator integrated power unit provided in this embodiment adopts a heat exchange coupling structure with direct heat conduction between the detonation chamber and the steam generation chamber. It fully utilizes the heat generated by hydrogen detonation to heat water and produce steam. Combined with the high enthalpy characteristics of isochoric combustion in hydrogen detonation, the heat exchange efficiency is increased by more than 30% compared to traditional hydrogen thermoelectric generators. Multi-stage blocking rings effectively improve the detonation success rate, and with sensor-based closed-loop control, continuous and stable operation of the hydrogen detonation is achieved. The shock wave generated by the detonation drives the impeller to rotate the output shaft, outputting mechanical energy for power generation or industrial power supply. Using hydrogen as fuel, the combustion product is only water, with no carbon emissions. Furthermore, the high temperature and short residence time characteristics of detonation minimize NO emissions. x It emits less gas and requires no additional denitrification equipment, thus meeting environmental protection requirements; the purity requirement for hydrogen detonation is relatively low, and industrial by-product hydrogen can be used as fuel, making it energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
[0067] This disclosure also provides a method for preparing water vapor and generating mechanical energy through hydrogen detonation, implemented using the integrated hydrogen detonation thermoengine power device provided in the above embodiments. Based on the above-described method for preparing industrial water vapor, it adds a step of mechanical work output, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S501. Ignition is achieved by an ignition device, which triggers the detonation reaction of the detonable mixture in the detonation chamber. S502. The instantaneous high temperature and high pressure heat generated by the detonation is transferred from the detonation chamber to the steam generation chamber through the heat exchange coupling structure, causing the water contained in the steam generation chamber to rapidly vaporize and generate steam. S503, the detonation shock wave impacts the impeller, driving the output shaft coaxially connected to the impeller to rotate and output mechanical energy to the outside.
[0068] The system utilizes multi-stage blocking rings to increase the contact area between the flame and the mixed gas, thereby rapidly increasing the rate of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction, releasing more energy in a short time, and quickly converting deflagration into detonation, thus improving the success rate of initiation. Real-time data is collected via pressure, water level, temperature, and speed sensors, and the controller synchronously adjusts the hydrogen and air supply and detonation frequency to maintain stable steam parameters (exemplarily 0.8-10 MPa, 170-540℃) and ensure a constant output shaft speed.
[0069] Furthermore, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas discharged through the blocking ring after detonation impacts the impeller through the primary nozzle and then through the secondary nozzle, driving the impeller to rotate the output shaft and thus outputting mechanical energy outward.
[0070] Furthermore, the low-temperature exhaust gas and condensate after the impeller has done its work are discharged through the drain / exhaust port at the bottom of the device.
[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.
Claims
1. A hydrogen detonation heat engine, characterized in that, include: The detonation chamber and the steam generation chamber are connected by a heat exchange coupling structure for direct heat conduction. The heat generated by the detonation reaction in the detonation chamber is conducted through the heat exchange coupling structure to heat the water in the steam generation chamber into steam.
2. The hydrogen detonation heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange coupling structure is a heat exchange wall surface that is shared or in direct contact with the steam generation chamber and the detonation chamber.
3. The hydrogen detonation heat engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The arrangement of the detonation chamber and the steam generation chamber includes at least one of the following methods: Part or all of the detonation chamber is located inside the steam generator chamber; Part or all of the steam generation chamber is located inside the detonation chamber; The steam generation chamber is enclosed by a water jacket around the detonation chamber and extends partially into the interior of the detonation chamber.
4. The hydrogen detonation heat engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the steam generating chamber is enclosed by a water jacket and partially extends into the detonation chamber, then the heat exchange coupling structure includes a connecting heat exchange pipe that connects to the steam generating chamber and extends into the detonation chamber.
5. The hydrogen detonation heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonation chamber is equipped with a blocking ring, which is a multi-stage throttling ring arranged along the axial direction of the detonation chamber.
6. The hydrogen detonation heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam generating chamber is equipped with a water level sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor. The steam generating chamber is also equipped with a water inlet and a steam outlet. The steam outlet is connected to an output pressure control valve for adjusting the steam output pressure.
7. An integrated power unit for a hydrogen detonation heat engine, characterized in that, include: The hydrogen detonation heat engine as described in any one of claims 1-6 further includes: a power output component; The power output assembly includes an impeller and an output shaft, with the impeller and output shaft coaxially connected to output mechanical energy to the outside.
8. The integrated power unit of hydrogen detonation heat engine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The detonation chamber further includes a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle. The primary nozzle is connected to the outlet of the detonation chamber, and the nozzle of the primary nozzle faces the blades of the impeller. The secondary nozzle surrounds the primary nozzle, forming a cavity between them. The secondary nozzle is provided with a through hole, which allows the cavity formed between the secondary nozzle and the primary nozzle to communicate with the outside atmosphere. The nozzle outlet of the secondary nozzle faces the blades of the impeller.
9. A method for preparing water vapor using hydrogen detonation, characterized in that, The method comprises: using the hydrogen detonation heat engine according to any one of claims 1-6 Ignition is achieved by using an ignition device to trigger a detonation reaction in the detonable mixture within the detonation chamber; The high temperature and pressure heat generated by the detonation is transferred from the detonation chamber to the steam generation chamber through a heat exchange coupling structure, causing the water contained in the steam generation chamber to rapidly vaporize and generate steam.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: When the steam pressure reaches the set threshold, the output pressure control valve opens to output steam.
11. A method for preparing water vapor and generating mechanical energy by hydrogen detonation, characterized in that, The method employs the integrated hydrogen detonation thermoelectric power unit as described in any one of claims 7-8, comprising: Ignition is achieved by using an ignition device to trigger a detonation reaction in the detonable mixture within the detonation chamber; The high temperature and high pressure heat generated by the detonation is transferred from the detonation chamber to the steam generation chamber through a heat exchange coupling structure, causing the water contained in the steam generation chamber to rapidly vaporize and generate steam. The detonation shock wave generated by the detonation impacts the impeller, causing the output shaft, which is coaxially connected to the impeller, to rotate and output mechanical energy.