A bio-based carbon aerogel flame-retardant composite phase change material, a preparation method and application thereof

By preserving the active sites of carbon aerogel through a low-temperature molten salt carbonization process, and combining nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardants and flame-retardant adhesives, a gas-solid synergistic chemically bonded flame-retardant system is constructed. This solves the problems of physical interface contact and leakage of flame retardants caused by traditional high-temperature carbonization, and realizes a bio-based carbon aerogel flame-retardant composite phase change material with high flame retardancy and high phase change enthalpy.

CN122234815APending Publication Date: 2026-06-19NINGBO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
NINGBO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Filing Date
2026-03-25
Publication Date
2026-06-19

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In the existing technology, the high-temperature molten salt carbonization method, when preparing bio-based carbon aerogel flame-retardant composite phase change materials, results in the carbon skeleton surface being chemically inert and lacking active sites. The flame retardant and the carbon carrier only form a physical interface contact, making it difficult to achieve high-level flame retardancy and leak prevention. Furthermore, the skeleton after high-temperature carbonization is highly hydrophobic, making it difficult to lock in the liquid phase change material.

Method used

A low-temperature molten salt carbonization process was adopted, in which biomass was treated with ZnCl2-KCl eutectic salt at 280℃~320℃, retaining oxygen-containing functional groups and metal ion coordination sites. Organic phase change materials were loaded by vacuum impregnation and formed with nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardants and flame retardant adhesives to form inner and outer flame retardant layers, thus constructing a gas-solid synergistic chemical bonding flame retardant system.

Benefits of technology

It meets the UL-94 V-0 flame retardant standard, has a phase change enthalpy retention rate of up to 95.7%, and a limiting oxygen index of up to 26.3%, solving the problems of flame retardancy and leakage prevention, and achieving a perfect balance between thermal safety and thermal storage.

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Abstract

This invention relates to the field of thermal energy storage and flame retardant materials technology, specifically to a bio-based carbon aerogel flame-retardant composite phase change material, its preparation method, and its application. Method: Biomass is mixed with a ZnCl2-KCl eutectic salt and subjected to low-temperature molten salt carbonization. After washing and drying, a carbon aerogel is obtained. An organic phase change material is loaded onto the carbon aerogel to obtain a carbon aerogel composite phase change material, which is then mixed with a nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant and a flame-retardant adhesive to form an inner flame-retardant layer. After a first curing treatment, a shaped composite phase change material is obtained. A mixture of the nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant and the flame-retardant adhesive is coated onto the surface of the shaped composite phase change material, and after a second curing treatment, the bio-based carbon aerogel flame-retardant composite phase change material is obtained. This invention utilizes a low-temperature molten salt carbonization process to regulate the microscopic chemical structure of the carbon skeleton. By constructing a gas-solid synergistic chemical bonding flame-retardant system, it overcomes the defects of existing technologies while achieving UL-94 V-0 flame retardancy.
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