Terminal and communication method

Abstract

The terminal includes: a control unit that determines the OCC (Orthogonal Cover Code) applied to the physical uplink shared channel modulated by DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) or OFDM; and a transmission unit that transmits the physical uplink shared channel to the base station using the applied OCC.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to terminals and communication methods in wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), which is the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being researched to meet the requirements of high-capacity systems, high-speed data transmission, low latency, simultaneous connection of multiple terminals, low cost, and power saving (e.g., Non-Patent Literature 1).

[0003] In addition, NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) is currently under research. NTN is a network that uses non-terrestrial networks such as satellites to provide services to areas that terrestrial 5G networks cannot cover due to cost (e.g., non-patent literature 2 and non-patent literature 3).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent literature 1: 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.7.0 (2023-12)

[0007] Non-patent literature 2: 3GPP TR 38.821 V16.2.0 (2023-03)

[0008] Non-Patent Document 3: Konishi, “A Study on Downlink Frequency Sharing in HAPS Mobile Communication Systems”, General Conference of the China Electronics and Information Communication Society, B-17-1, 2020

[0009] Non-patent literature 4: 3GPP TS 38.211 V17.6.0 (2023-09) Summary of the Invention

[0010] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0011] In NTN, due to the large distance between the base station and the terminal, and the limited resources of the base station, it is necessary to enhance the capacity and throughput of the UL (Uplink). Therefore, methods are being researched to apply OCC (Orthogonal Cover Code) to the PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) of DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).

[0012] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to increase the uplink capacity in wireless communication systems.

[0013] Methods for solving problems

[0014] According to the disclosed technology, a terminal is provided, comprising: a control unit that determines an OCC (Orthogonal Cover Code) applied to a physical uplink shared channel modulated by DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) or OFDM; and a transmission unit that transmits the physical uplink shared channel to a base station using the applied OCC.

[0015] Invention Effects

[0016] According to publicly available technologies, it is possible to increase the uplink capacity in wireless communication systems. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shows an example (1) of NTN.

[0018] Figure 2 The diagram shows an example (2) of NTN.

[0019] Figure 3 The diagram shows an example (3) of NTN.

[0020] Figure 4 The figure shows an example (4) of NTN.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the OCC in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of OCC in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of OCC in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of PUSCH signal generation in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of the OCC in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of the OCC in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of a base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 or terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiments described below are merely examples, and the application of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0032] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present invention, existing technologies are appropriately used. These existing technologies include, for example, existing LTE, but are not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning that includes LTE-Advanced and subsequent methods (e.g., NR).

[0033] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, the terms SS (Synchronization Signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in existing LTE systems are used. These are for ease of description, and the same signals and functions may also be referred to by other names. Additionally, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, NR-PDCCH, NR-PDSCH, NR-PUCCH, and NR-PUSCH, respectively. However, even signals used for NR are not necessarily explicitly labeled as "NR-".

[0034] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the duplex mode can be TDD (Time Division Duplex), FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), or other modes (e.g., Flexible Duplex).

[0035] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the “configure” wireless parameters can be pre-configured predetermined values ​​or wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.

[0036] Figure 1This is a diagram illustrating an example of NTN (1). NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) is a network that uses non-terrestrial devices such as satellites to provide services to areas that terrestrial 5G networks cannot cover primarily due to cost limitations. Furthermore, NTN enables the provision of more reliable services. For example, applications in IoT (Internet of Things), ships, buses, trains, and critical communications are envisioned. Additionally, NTN offers scalability based on efficient multicast or broadcast.

[0037] As an example of NTN, such as Figure 1 As shown, satellite 10A can relay signals sent from ground base station 10B and provide services to areas without ground base stations, such as mountainous areas.

[0038] Furthermore, terrestrial 5G networks can also have the structure described below. A terrestrial 5G network includes one or more base stations 10 and terminals 20. Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and wirelessly communicates with terminals 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal can be defined in the time domain and frequency domain; the time domain can be defined by the number of OFDM symbols, and the frequency domain can be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. Base station 10 sends synchronization signals and system information to terminal 20. Synchronization signals are, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. System information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH, also known as broadcast information.

[0039] Base station 10 transmits control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of beamforming for signal transmission and reception. Furthermore, both base station 10 and terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) based communication to DL or UL. Additionally, both base station 10 and terminal 20 can communicate via CA (Carrier Aggregation) based SCell (Secondary Cell) and PCell (Primary Cell).

[0040] Terminal 20 is a communication device with wireless communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, tablet computer, wearable terminal, or M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. Terminal 20 receives control signals or data from base station 10 via DL and sends control signals or data to base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of an NTN. The area of ​​each cell or beam in an NTN is much larger compared to that of a terrestrial network (TN). Figure 2 An example of an NTN structure constructed via satellite-based relay is shown. The connection between satellite 10A and NTN gateway 10B is referred to as the feeder link, and the connection between satellite 10A and UE20 is referred to as the service link.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the delay difference between the near-side UE20A and the far-side UE20B is, for example, 10.3 ms in the case of GEO (Geosynchronous orbit) and 3.2 ms in the case of LEO (Low Earth Orbit). Additionally, the beam size in the NTN is, for example, 3500 km in the case of GEO and 1000 km in the case of LEO.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating example (3) of NTN. For example... Figure 3 As shown, NTN is achieved by satellites in space or spacecraft in the air. For example, a GEO satellite can be a satellite in a geostationary orbit at an altitude of 35,786 km. For example, a LEO satellite can be a satellite at an altitude of 500-2000 km and orbiting with a period of 88-127 minutes. For example, a HAPS (High Altitude Platform Station) can be a spacecraft at an altitude of 8-50 km that hovers in orbit.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, and HAPS spacecraft can connect to the ground station gNB via a gateway. Furthermore, the service area can be expanded in the order of HAPS, LEO, and GEO.

[0045] For example, NTN can extend the coverage of 5G networks to unserved or already served areas. Additionally, NTN can improve the continuity, availability, and reliability of services in ships, buses, trains, or other critical communications. Furthermore, NTN can be notified by sending dedicated parameters to terminal 20; these parameters could be, for example, parameters related to Timing Advance (TA) decisions based on satellite or aircraft information.

[0046] Figure 4 The figure shows an example (4) of NTN. Figure 4 An example of a network architecture for NTN with a transparent payload is shown. Figure 4 As shown, the CN (Core Network) 10D, gNB10C, and gateway 10B are connected. Gateway 10B is connected to satellite 10A via a feeder link. Satellite 10A is connected to terminal 20A or VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) 20B via a service link. NR Uu is established between gNB10C and terminal 20A or VSAT 20B.

[0047] Furthermore, the network architecture of NTN can be either FDD or TDD. Additionally, the terrestrial cells can be fixed or mobile. Furthermore, terminal 20 can also have GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) support capabilities. For example, in FR1, a handheld device with power level 3 can also be envisioned. Furthermore, VSAT devices can also be envisioned at least in FR2.

[0048] Furthermore, the NTN network architecture can also be designed for regenerative payloads. For example, gNB functionality can be carried on satellites or spacecraft. Additionally, gNB-DU can also be carried on satellites or spacecraft, and gNB-CU can be configured as a ground station.

[0049] In NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network), due to limited satellite resources, there is a need to enhance UL capacity and throughput. Therefore, methods for applying OCC (Orthogonal Cover Code) to DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) are being investigated.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the OCC in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, time-domain OCC can be applied to PUCCH. Two complex code elements y(n) modulated from the sequence of PUCCH format 1 (refer to non-patent document 4) are obtained by repeatedly multiplying them in the time domain by orthogonal sequences w0(m) and w1(m). The orthogonal sequences w... i (m) is specified in the specification (see Non-Patent Literature 4).

[0051] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of the OCC in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, frequency domain OCC can be applied to PUCCH. The four sequences d(0), d(1), d(2), d(3), d(4), and d(5), modulated as PUCCH format 4 (refer to non-patent document 4), are repeatedly multiplied in the frequency domain by orthogonal sequences w0(k), w1(k), w2(k), and w3(k), respectively. The orthogonal sequences w i (k) As specified in the regulations (see Non-Patent Literature 4).

[0052] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating example (3) of OCC in an embodiment of the present invention. DMRS oriented towards PUSCH is introduced into OCC. Regarding FD (Frequency Division)-OCC, w is used. f (0) and w f (1) 2FD-OCC was used for basic DMRS, employing w f (0) to w f (3) 4FD-OCC is used for Enhanced DMRS. Regarding TD (Time Division)-OCC, w is used. l (0) and w l (1) 2FD-OCC was used in dual-symbol DMRS. Figure 7 This is an example of applying TD-OCC and FD-OCC to the DMRS of PUSCH.

[0053] Regarding DMRS ports, the basic number of DMRS ports is as follows.

[0054] Setting type 1: Single-symbol DMRS: 2 (comb / FDM) × 2 (FD-OCC) = 4 ports Dual-symbol DMRS: 2 (comb / FDM) × 2 (FD-OCC) × 2 (TD-OCC) = 8 ports Setting Type 2: Single-symbol DMRS: 3 (FDM) × 2 (FD-OCC) = 6 ports Dual-symbol DMRS: 3 (comb teeth) × 2 (FD-OCC) × 2 (TD-OCC) = 12 ports The number of ports for the extended DMRS is as follows.

[0055] Setting type 1: Single-symbol DMRS: 4 (comb / FDM) × 2 (FD-OCC) = 8 ports Dual-symbol DMRS: 4 (comb / FDM) × 2 (FD-OCC) × 2 (TD-OCC) = 16 ports Setting Type 2: Single-symbol DMRS: 6 (FDM) × 2 (FD-OCC) = 12 ports Dual-symbol DMRS: 6 (comb teeth) × 2 (FD-OCC) × 2 (TD-OCC) = 24 ports Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of PUSCH signal generation in an embodiment of the present invention. (See diagram for example.) Figure 8 As shown, the scrambled bit block b ～（q） (i) is input into sequence modulation. A block d of complex modulation symbols （q） (i) is input to the layer mapping. The complex modulation symbols x(i) of each codeword mapped to the layer are input to the transform precoder. The block y of the complex modulation symbols （0） (k) is input into the pre-encoder. The pre-encoded block z of the vector （p0） (i) is input into the mapping to physical resources.

[0056] In non-codebook-based transmission, the precoding matrix W is an identity matrix. In codebook-based transmission, the precoding matrix W depends on the number of antenna ports used in the transmission (see Non-Patent Document 4).

[0057] Similar to TN, in order to expand UL capacity for NTN, an extension of DFT-s-OFDM PUSCH with OCC is being investigated. The applied OCC can include OCC between OFDM symbols, OCC between time slots, and OCC within an OFDM symbol.

[0058] To extend the application of OCC to DFT-s-OFDM PUSCH, the following projects can be investigated.

[0059] • OCC type. TD, FD, TD and FD.

[0060] • The OCC's decision.

[0061] • OCC sequence. Sequence design, indexing, and length.

[0062] • The association between OCC length and DMRS port.

[0063] • The association between PUSCH and DMRS symbols.

[0064] Additionally, the set of orthogonal codes or OCC sequences can refer to a sequence of orthogonal codes applied to the multiplexed PUSCH data transmission for one UE. For example, an orthogonal code of length 4 can be [1,-1,1,-1], and a 1-bit orthogonal code can be 1 or -1.

[0065] The following explains the OCC type. For PUSCH transmission of DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM, orthogonal overlay codes can be applied to multiple UEs multiplexed within the same PRB.

[0066] Option 1) Time-domain multiplexing

[0067] 1-1) Between each OFDM symbol, one OFDM symbol can be allocated 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N.

[0068] 1-2) Among multiple OFDM symbols, a set of OFDM symbols can be allocated 1 bit from an orthogonal code of length N.

[0069] 1-3) In a time slot, one time slot can be allocated 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N.

[0070] 1-4) Among multiple time slots, a set of time slots can be allocated 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N.

[0071] 1-5) During repeated transmissions, each PUSCH can be repeatedly assigned 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N.

[0072] Furthermore, in 1-1) or 1-2) above, in the case of type A repetition, the same orthogonal code can also be applied to each repetition or each time slot.

[0073] Furthermore, in 1-1) and 1-2) above, when the OFDM symbol only contains PUSCH data symbols, DMRS symbols may not be included as the application object of OCC. For example, a single OCC can be applied to symbols that precede and follow a certain DMRS symbol. Moreover, for example, if a single OCC can be applied to symbols that precede and follow a certain DMRS symbol, the number of DMRS symbols included between the PUSCH data symbols to which a single OCC is applied can be limited. For example, the DMRS can also be set to a single-symbol DMRS. Furthermore, for example, it can also be applied only to consecutive symbols of a single OCC.

[0074] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of OCC in an embodiment of the present invention. Examples of 1-1), 1-2), and 1-3) above are shown. Figure 9 The above 1-2) shown is an example of a code consisting of 2 symbols, and the above 1-3) is an example of an orthogonal code that allocates 1 bit to each time slot.

[0075] Option 2) Frequency domain multiplexing

[0076] 2-1) Between subcarriers, one subcarrier can be allocated 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N.

[0077] 2-2) Among multiple subcarriers, a set of subcarriers can be allocated 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N. Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of the OCC in an embodiment of the present invention. For example, as... Figure 10 As shown, when allocating 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N to 6 subcarriers, the orthogonal sequence can be [-1, 1].

[0078] Between RBs (Resource blocks) in 2-3, one RB can be allocated 1 bit of an orthogonal code of length N.

[0079] 2-4) Among multiple RBs, a set of RBs can be assigned 1 bit from an orthogonal code of length N.

[0080] In addition, in 2-1) or 2-2) above, when scheduling multiple RBs, the same orthogonal code can be applied to each repetition or each time slot.

[0081] Option 3) Multiplexing of time and frequency domains

[0082] An orthogonal code can be assigned to each RE or each set of REs by summarizing the data between OFDM symbols, multiple OFDM symbols, time slots, or repeated transmissions and between subcarriers or multiple subcarriers.

[0083] Furthermore, for OCC-based code division multiplexing, resource groups consisting of multiple REs can be defined, each occupying a predetermined time and frequency. Each resource group is assigned an index (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, ...), and each index can correspond to a different CDM (Code Division Multiplexing) type. That is, different combinations of TD-OCC and FD-OCC can be applied to different groups.

[0084] The number of symbols, time slots, retransmissions, subcarriers, and / or RBs, which are units of 1 bit in an orthogonal code of assigned length N, can be predefined, notified from the network, or determined by the UE.

[0085] Whether to apply OCC for PUSCH transmission of DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM can be specified in advance in the specification, or can be explicitly or implicitly notified from the network via RRC signaling, MAC-CE or DCI new parameters or new fields.

[0086] Whether OCC is applied for PUSCH transmission of DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM can be explicitly predefined, for example. Alternatively, it can be implicitly predefined, for example, via settings related to frequency and / or time domain extensions. Additionally, it can be predefined, for example, via a specific orthogonal sequence. Furthermore, it can be defined, for example, that OCC is always applied under certain conditions or scenarios, such as NTN or FR1 of NTN.

[0087] For example, an explicit 1-bit notification indicating whether an OCC is valid or invalid can be introduced into RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI, or it can be implicitly notified through other parameters related to the OCC.

[0088] Other OCC-related parameters can be defined in the specification, or set or notified from the network via RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI, for example, as with UL authorization.

[0089] This parameter can be information indicating the OCC type of TD, FD, or any of TD and FD; it can also be information indicating the type of orthogonal code or orthogonal sequence; it can be information indicating the length of the OCC; or it can be information indicating the index of the OCC. For example, if the OCC length is indicated as 1, the OCC may not be applied; if the OCC length is indicated as greater than 1, the OCC may be applied. For example, a specific index can be defined for not applying the OCC.

[0090] The setting or notification of parameters related to PUSCH OCC, and the correlation between the setting or notification of other PUSCH-related parameters (such as DMRS type, PUSCH symbol length, rank, etc.) can be unrestricted or partially restricted. For example, PUSCH OCC may only be notified when the scheduled rank is X or lower (e.g., X is 1 or 2). For example, PUSCH OCC may only be notified when the scheduled PRB number is 1. For example, PUSCH OCC may only be notified when data and DMRS are not multiplexed to the same symbol. For example, the length of PUSCH TD-OCC may only be notified as a value not exceeding the PUSCH symbol length.

[0091] The following details the orthogonal codes or sequences. Regarding orthogonal codes or OCC sequences transmitted via PUSCH for DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM, Walsh matrices or cyclic shifts can be used in the generation of the orthogonal codes. Equations 1 and 2 are examples of generating orthogonal codes based on Walsh matrices.

[0092] [Formula 1]

[0093] [Formula 2]

[0094] Equations 3 and 4 are examples of generating orthogonal codes based on cyclic shifting.

[0095] [Formula 3]

[0096] [Formula 4]

[0097] The same or different methods can also be used for orthogonal code or sequence generation in both the time and frequency domains. This method can be a Walsh matrix or a cyclic shift code. Furthermore, the same mathematical methods can be used to generate orthogonal codes or sequences in both the time and frequency domains when applying TD and FD-OCC.

[0098] Set the length of the orthogonal code or OCC sequence transmitted for PUSCH in DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM to X. X can be a single value or multiple values. When using a single value for X, X can be predefined or notified from the network via DCI, RRC signaling, or MAC-CE.

[0099] When X uses multiple values, X can be predefined, notified from the network, or the actual value used can be notified from the network via a new DCI field. Alternatively, when X uses multiple values, the actual value used can also be notified directly from the network.

[0100] The value of X can also be different for different OCC types. Different parameters can be defined or set for the OCC length for TD-OCC and the OCC length for FD-OCC.

[0101] Set the OCC length for TD-OCC to Xt. For example, one or more values ​​from {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14} can be used for Xt. Different ranges or granularities can be set for Xt in different time-domain OCCs, such as inter-symbol OCC and inter-slot OCC.

[0102] Xt can also be restricted to a value that is the same as or smaller than the value obtained by subtracting the number of DMRS symbols from the number of scheduled symbols. Furthermore, Xt can also be a divisor of the value obtained by subtracting the number of DMRS symbols from the number of scheduled symbols.

[0103] When using intra-slot hopping, Xt, the number of scheduled symbols, and the number of DMRS symbols can be referenced from each hopping frequency. Different Xt values ​​can be defined or set when intra-slot or inter-slot hopping is active and inactive.

[0104] Set the OCC length for FD-OCC to Xf. For example, one or more values ​​from {2, 3, 4, 6} can be used for Xf. Different ranges or granularities can also be set for Xf in different frequency domains, such as inter-carrier OCC and inter-group OCC of multiple subcarriers.

[0105] When using TD-OCC and FD-OCC, Xt and Xf can be set or defined independently through a combination of the methods described above, or the linked index can be notified or defined to specify a combination of Xt and Xf.

[0106] Given an OCC of length X, a total of X indices can be assigned to the set of OCC sequences. For example, indices Y = 0, 1, ..., (X-1) can be defined, each index corresponding to an element of a set of specific orthogonal codes or sequences of length X. The association between Y and a specific orthogonal code or sequence can be predefined or notified from the network.

[0107] For example, with X=2 and Y={0,1}, index 0 can correspond to the orthogonal code [+1, +1], and index 1 can correspond to [+1, -1]. Each orthogonal code can be assigned to a symbol, time slot, subcarrier, or multiple subcarriers determined based on the OCC type.

[0108] Which index to use can be predefined or notified from the network. The index can be explicitly or implicitly predefined, set, or notified from the network via, for example, RRC signaling, a new DCI field, a few bits of an existing DCI field, the CORESET index, the RNTI value, the CCE index, etc. It can also be implicitly predefined via a decision of X, or notified from the network. X can be implicitly predefined via a decision of Y, or notified from the network.

[0109] Details of the OCC sequence used for PUSCH multiplexing can be defined in the specification. For example, a single table can be predefined, or separate tables can be predefined according to the length of each OCC. Table 1 is an example of an orthogonal sequence for PUSCH with an OCC length of 4.

[0110] [Table 1]

[0111] As shown in Table 1, the OCC indices are 0, 1, 2, and 3, which correspond to orthogonal sequences. For example, the orthogonal sequence corresponding to the OCC index notified from the network can also be applied to PUSCH transmission.

[0112] According to the above embodiments, by applying OCC to the uplink channel, it is possible to increase the UL capacity and improve the throughput in the system.

[0113] That is, in wireless communication systems, it can increase the uplink capacity.

[0114] (Device structure)

[0115] Next, an example of the functional structure of the base station 10 and terminal 20 performing the processes and actions described above will be explained. The base station 10 and terminal 20 include the functions implemented in the above embodiments. However, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may each have only a portion of the functions described in the embodiments.

[0116] <Base Station 10>

[0117] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. (See diagram below.) Figure 11 As shown, the base station 10 includes a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. Figure 11 The functional structure shown is only one example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional parts can be arbitrary.

[0118] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and wirelessly transmitting the signal. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 110 transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and obtaining, for example, higher-level information from the received signals. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 110 has the function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc., to the terminal 20. Furthermore, the receiving unit 120 receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0119] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information sent to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to communication in the NTN.

[0120] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs control related to communication in the NTN. Furthermore, the control unit 140 controls communication with the terminal 20 based on a UE capability report related to radio parameters received from the terminal 20. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0121] Terminal 20

[0122] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. (See diagram for example.) Figure 12 As shown, the terminal 20 includes a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. Figure 12 The functional structure shown is only one example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional parts can be arbitrary.

[0123] The transmitting unit 210 generates a transmission signal based on the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains higher-layer signals from the received physical layer signals. Furthermore, the receiving unit 220 has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, etc., transmitted from the base station 10. For example, as D2D communication, the transmitting unit 210 transmits PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), etc., to other terminals 20, and the receiving unit 120 receives PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH from other terminals 20.

[0124] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. In addition, the setting unit 230 also stores preset setting information. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to communication in the NTN.

[0125] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 performs control related to communication in the NTN. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0126] (Hardware structure)

[0127] The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments ( Figure 11 as well as Figure 12 The diagram illustrates blocks organized by function. These functional blocks (components) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within one or more of the aforementioned devices.

[0128] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural part) that performs the sending function is called the transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0129] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station 10, terminal 20, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 and a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 may also be configured as a computer device that physically includes a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0130] Furthermore, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of base station 10 and terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured to not include any of them.

[0131] The functions of base station 10 and terminal 20 are implemented by reading predetermined software (program) into hardware such as processor 1001 and storage device 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls the communication of communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading and writing data in storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0132] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140 and control unit 240 described above can also be implemented using the processor 1001.

[0133] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage devices 1003 and communication devices 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program is used that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the actions described in the above embodiments. For example, Figure 11 The control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown can be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Additionally, for example, Figure 12 The control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown can also be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Although it has been described that the various processes described above are executed by one processor 1001, the various processes described above can also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be implemented by one or more chips. In addition, the program can also be sent from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0134] Storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. Storage device 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. Storage device 1002 can store programs (program code), software modules, etc., that are executable for implementing the communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0135] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of the following: CD-ROM (CompactDisc ROM) or other optical discs, hard disks, floppy disks, magneto-optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multifunction discs, Blu-ray discs), smart cards, flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives), floppy disks, magnetic stripes, etc. The aforementioned storage medium may, for example, be a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0136] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It may also be referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may, for example, be configured to include a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, transceiver antennas, amplifiers, transceiver units, transmission path interfaces, etc., can also be implemented using the communication device 1004. The transceiver unit may also be physically or logically separated into a transmitting unit and a receiving unit.

[0137] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0138] Furthermore, the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, among other devices, are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured using a single bus or different buses can be used between each device.

[0139] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), or a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0140] Figure 14 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to communication devices mounted on the vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0141] The drive unit 2002 may be composed, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid power system of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a steering wheel) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0142] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (I / O port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 of the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0143] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depress signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depress signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signals obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0144] The Information Service Unit 2012 comprises various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (such as keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.), and may also include output devices that perform output to external sources (such as displays, speakers, LED lights, touch panels, etc.).

[0145] The Driver Assistance System 2030 comprises various devices used to prevent accidents or reduce driver workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the Driver Assistance System 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to achieve driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0146] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheel 2007, rear wheel 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 29 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0147] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0148] The communication module 2013 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2028 described above, the information obtained based on those signals, and the information obtained via the information service unit 2012 based on input from an external source (user) to an external device. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0149] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit (for example, an output unit that outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)). Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., of the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0150] (Summary of implementation methods)

[0151] As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a terminal is provided, comprising: a control unit that determines an OCC (Orthogonal Cover Code) applied to a physical uplink shared channel modulated by DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) or OFDM; and a transmission unit that transmits the physical uplink shared channel to a base station using the applied OCC.

[0152] Based on the above structure, by applying OCC to the uplink channel, the UL capacity and throughput of the system can be increased. That is, in a wireless communication system, the uplink capacity can be increased.

[0153] The control unit can decide to apply OCC (Optical Channel Control) for time-domain multiplexing between symbols, between groups of multiple symbols, between time slots, between groups of multiple time slots, or between repeated transmissions to the physical uplink shared channel. According to this structure, by applying OCC to the uplink channel, the UL (Ultra-Low Capacity) capacity and throughput of the system can be increased.

[0154] The control unit can decide to apply OCC (Optical Channel Control) for frequency domain multiplexing between subcarriers, between groups of multiple subcarriers, between resource blocks, or between groups of multiple resource blocks to the physical uplink shared channel. According to this architecture, by applying OCC to the uplink channel, the UL (Ultra-High Capacity) capacity and throughput of the system can be increased.

[0155] The control unit can set the OCC based on the parameters included in the uplink grant. According to this structure, by applying OCC to the uplink channel, the UL capacity and throughput of the system can be increased.

[0156] The control unit can also use different OCC lengths for each OCC category. Based on this structure, by applying OCCs to the uplink channel, it is possible to increase the UL capacity and improve throughput in the system.

[0157] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a communication method is provided in which a terminal performs the following steps: determining an OCC (Orthogonal Cover Code) applied to a physical uplink shared channel modulated by DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) or OFDM; and transmitting the physical uplink shared channel with the OCC applied to the base station.

[0158] Based on the above structure, by applying OCC to the uplink channel, the UL capacity and throughput of the system can be increased. That is, in a wireless communication system, the uplink capacity can be increased.

[0159] (Supplement to the implementation method)

[0160] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand various modifications, alterations, substitutions, and replacements. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The distinctions between items in the above description are not essential to the present invention. Items described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical components. Multiple functional units may be operated by a single physical component, or a single functional unit may be operated by multiple physical components. Regarding the processing described in the embodiments, the order of processing may be interchanged unless there is a contradiction. For ease of explanation, a functional block diagram is used to illustrate the base station 10 and terminal 20, but such a device may also be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the base station 10 and the software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the terminal 20 may also be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server and other suitable storage media, respectively.

[0161] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, information notification may be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. In addition, RRC signaling may also be referred to as an RRC message, for example, an RRC connection setup message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, etc.

[0162] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to at least one of LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems extended therefrom. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0163] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this specification may be rearranged in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order for the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0164] In this specification, certain actions performed by base station 10 may sometimes also be performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having base station 10, it is obvious that various actions performed to communicate with terminal 20 can be performed by at least one of base station 10 and other network nodes besides base station 10 (e.g., considering MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides base station 10, but other network nodes can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0165] The information or signals described in this disclosure can be output from a higher (or lower) layer to a lower (or higher) layer. They can also be input or output via multiple network nodes.

[0166] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0167] The determination in this disclosure can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0168] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0169] In addition, software, commands, information, etc., can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a webpage, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0170] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0171] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0172] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0173] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated using indexes.

[0174] The names used for the above parameters are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by all appropriate names, therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0175] In this disclosure, the terms "base station (BS)," "wireless base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0176] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station RRH: Remote Radio Head). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0177] In this disclosure, the base station sending information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control / actions.

[0178] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" can be used interchangeably.

[0179] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0180] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to an object capable of movement, with arbitrary speed. It also includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of mobile bodies include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, rear cars, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, Drone (registered trademark), multi-rotor helicopters, quadcopter helicopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them. Additionally, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., car, airplane), a mobile body moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., drone, autonomous vehicle), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0181] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a user terminal. For example, the communication between the base station and the user terminal can be replaced by communication between multiple terminals 20 (e.g., D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.), and various forms / implementations of this disclosure can also be applied. In this case, the terminal 20 can also be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. can also be replaced with side channel.

[0182] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station can also be configured to have the functions of the aforementioned user terminal.

[0183] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Moreover, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include situations where certain actions are regarded as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0184] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof are intended to indicate any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, including cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between the two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (including both visible and invisible regions) to “connect” or “couple” to each other.

[0185] The reference signal can be simply called RS (Reference Signal), or, depending on the standard applied, pilot.

[0186] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0187] Any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to a first element and a second element does not imply that only two elements can be used, or that in any form the first element must precede the second element.

[0188] Alternatively, the "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0189] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0190] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. In the time domain, one or more frames can be called subframes. A subframe can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0191] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0192] In the time domain, a time slot can be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0193] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Additionally, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0194] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can each be referred to by other corresponding names.

[0195] For example, one subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and one time slot or one mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., symbols 1-13), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI can also be called a time slot, mini-time slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0196] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each terminal 20) in units of TTI. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0197] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than that TTI.

[0198] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling can also be controlled.

[0199] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), a regular TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a regular subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0200] Additionally, for long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.), a TTI with a duration of more than 1ms can be used as a replacement, and for short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.), a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI and more than 1ms can be used as a replacement.

[0201] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0202] Furthermore, the temporal domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, and can be 1 time slot, 1 mini-time slot, 1 subframe, or 1 TTI in length. 1 TTI, 1 subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0203] In addition, one or more RBs can also be called Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0204] Furthermore, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, 1RE can be a radio resource area with 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.

[0205] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0206] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. For a UE, one or more BWPs can be set within a single carrier.

[0207] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and it is not assumed that the UE will transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of an active BWP. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., used in this disclosure can be replaced with "BWP."

[0208] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained in a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0209] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0210] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Furthermore, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0211] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched depending on the execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., not being notified of the predetermined information).

[0212] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0213] Label Explanation

[0214] 10 base stations

[0215] 110 Dispatch Department

[0216] 120 Receiving Department

[0217] 130 Setting Department

[0218] 140 Control Department

[0219] 20 terminals

[0220] 210 Sending Department

[0221] 220 Receiving Department

[0222] 230 Setting Department

[0223] 240 Control Department

[0224] 1001 processor

[0225] 1002 Storage device

[0226] 1003 Auxiliary storage device

[0227] 1004 Communication device

[0228] 1005 Input Device

[0229] 1006 Output Device

[0230] Vehicle 2001

[0231] 2002 Drive Unit

[0232] 2003 Steering Unit

[0233] 2004 Accelerator Pedal

[0234] 2005 Brake Pedal

[0235] 2006 gearshift lever

[0236] 2007 front wheel

[0237] 2008 rear wheel

[0238] 2009 axle

[0239] 2010 Electronic Control Department

[0240] 2012 Information Service Department

[0241] 2013 Communication Module

[0242] 2021 Current Sensor

[0243] 2022 Speed ​​Sensor

[0244] 2023 Barometric Pressure Sensor

[0245] 2024 vehicle speed sensor

[0246] 2025 Accelerometer

[0247] 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor

[0248] 2027 Gearshift sensor

[0249] 2028 Object Detection Sensor

[0250] 2029 Accelerator Pedal Sensor

[0251] 2030 Driver Assistance Systems Department

[0252] 2031 microprocessor

[0253] 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM)

[0254] 2033 Communication Port (IO Port)

Claims

1. A terminal having: The control unit determines the OCC applied to the physical uplink shared channel modulated by DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM, wherein... The DFT-s-OFDM refers to Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, and OCC refers to Orthogonal Covering Code; and The transmitting unit sends the physical uplink shared channel, in which the OCC is applied, to the base station.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit decides to apply the time-domain multiplexing OCC (Optical Code Control) between symbols, between groups of multiple symbols, between time slots, between groups of multiple time slots, or between repeated transmissions to the physical uplink shared channel.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit decides to apply the frequency domain multiplexing OCC between subcarriers, between groups of multiple subcarriers, between resource blocks, or between groups of multiple resource blocks to the physical uplink shared channel.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit sets the OCC based on parameters included in the uplink grant.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit uses different OCC lengths for each type of OCC.

6. A communication method in which a terminal performs the following steps: The decision is made regarding the OCC applied to the physical uplink shared channel modulated by DFT-s-OFDM or OFDM, where... The DFT-s-OFDM refers to Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, and OCC refers to Orthogonal Covering Code; and The physical uplink shared channel with the OCC applied is sent to the base station.

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