A method for planting elaeagnus paliurus in arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of afforestation, and particularly relates to a method for planting elaeagnus pungens in arid and semi-arid regions; the method for planting elaeagnus pungens in arid and semi-arid regions uses elaeagnus pungens seeds and elaeagnus pungens seedlings as materials, uses gaseous water condensing agent and composite organic fertilizer microbial agent, and realizes the survival rate improvement of elaeagnus pungens in arid and semi-arid regions through time sequence planting and double assistant spatial layering complementary cooperation; the present application provides a method for planting elaeagnus pungens in arid and semi-arid regions, uses elaeagnus pungens seeds and elaeagnus pungens seedlings as materials, and through the synergistic cooperation of gaseous water condensing agent and composite organic fertilizer microbial agent and time sequence planting, systematically solves the key problems of single water source, insufficient root development, low survival rate and dependence on irrigation in traditional afforestation, and provides an efficient, low-cost and easy-to-promote new solution for ecological restoration and economic forest construction in arid and semi-arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural afforestation technology, specifically to a method for afforestation of jujube trees in arid and semi-arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] Arid and semi-arid regions, covering one-third of my country's land area, are key areas for ecological restoration and afforestation. Jujube, a native species in these regions, is ideal for ecological afforestation and economic forest construction due to its drought resistance, tolerance to poor soil, well-developed root system, and high economic value. However, the annual rainfall in these areas is less than 400 mm, with uneven seasonal distribution and intense evaporation, resulting in chronic soil moisture deficits. Traditional afforestation methods rely on irrigation or simple water-retaining agents, which suffer from limited water sources, insufficient root development, and low survival rates, severely hindering the large-scale promotion of jujube afforestation.

[0003] Currently, afforestation techniques in arid regions mainly focus on measures such as mulching, application of water-retaining agents, and rainwater harvesting projects. However, these methods all prioritize increasing liquid water supply, neglecting the ever-present gaseous water resources in soil pores. Furthermore, existing technologies lack the ability to induce and enhance the active deep-rooting capacity of plants, failing to establish a synergistic mechanism between gaseous water collection and root strengthening. Therefore, developing a method for afforestation of jujube trees that does not rely on frequent irrigation, can fully utilize soil gaseous water, and can induce deep root growth is of great significance for overcoming the technological bottlenecks in afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0004] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for afforestation of jujube trees in arid and semi-arid regions, which enables efficient jujube afforestation in these regions and achieves a high survival rate.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for afforestation of jujube in arid and semi-arid regions, using jujube seeds and jujube seedlings as materials, using gaseous water coagulant and compound organic fertilizer microbial agent, and through the complementary combination of sequential planting and spatial stratification of dual adjuvants, the survival rate of jujube afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions is improved. The gaseous water coagulant is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 35% zeolite, 15% diatomaceous earth, 25% calcium chloride, 8% lithium chloride, 10% ethyl cellulose, 5% sodium alginate and 2% polyethylene glycol 400; The compound organic fertilizer microbial agent is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 45% soybean meal powder, 15% corn straw powder, 9% Pseudomonas aeruginosa powder, 5.4% Bacillus subtilis powder, 3.6% Bacillus thuringiensis powder, 12% humic acid, 6% seaweed powder, 2% zinc sulfate, 1% boric acid, and 1% ammonium molybdate.

[0007] Furthermore, a method for afforestation of jujube trees suitable for arid and semi-arid regions includes the following steps: S1: In March-April of the first year, select a plot of land with sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soil thickness ≥80cm, and soil pH value of 6.5-8.0 as the afforestation site. Plow the afforestation site to a depth of 30-40cm, remove weeds and stones, and set up afforestation points with a spacing of 2m×3m. S2: Dig induction pits at the afforestation site. The pits should be shaped like inverted flasks, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The pit opening diameter should be 60-65cm, the bottom diameter 25-30cm, and the depth 60-65cm. Mix clay and sod evenly to prepare a mixed soil slurry, with a clay-to-soil mass ratio of 3:1. Apply the mixed soil slurry evenly to the pit walls, with a thickness of 1.0-1.5cm. Allow the pits to dry naturally for 7-10 days. If cracks are found in the pit walls during the drying period, repair them with the mixed soil slurry. S3: Loosen the soil at the bottom 10-15cm of the induction pit, remove stones larger than 2cm in diameter, weigh out 20-25g of compound organic fertilizer microbial agent per hole, mix it thoroughly with the loosened soil at the bottom of the pit, and backfill it to the original height of the pit bottom. Gently tamp it down with your feet. From late May to early June of the first year, sow jujube seeds 15-20cm off the center of the bottom of the induction pit, sowing 2-3 seeds per hole at a depth of 5-6cm. After sowing, cover with 1-2cm of fine soil and water each hole with 15-20L of water. After watering, check if the seeds are exposed. If they are exposed, cover them with fine soil. S4: Immediately after sowing, cover the surface of the pit with chopped straw or rice straw, with a thickness of 3-4cm and a diameter of 60-70cm. After covering, spray a small amount of water evenly to moisten and fix the covering to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. Check the seedling emergence on the 7th-10th day after sowing. If two or more seedlings emerge, keep the strongest seedling and cut off the rest from the base. If no seedlings emerge, resow 2 seeds per hole on the 10th-12th day after sowing. After resowing, water each hole with 10-15L of water to help the roots settle. S5: From June to September of the first year, no artificial irrigation intervention is carried out. The pit surface is only checked within 24 hours after each rainfall of ≥5mm. If the covering is washed away, it is replenished in time. If water accumulates in the pit for more than 24 hours, the water is drained by poking holes in the lower part of the pit wall with a wooden stick. In mid-October of the first year, the height of the seedlings and the depth of the taproot are measured. The selection criteria are seedling height ≥25cm and taproot depth ≥40cm. The pits that do not meet the standards are marked. No seedlings are planted in the second year. Seedlings in the pits that meet the standards are retained and enter the next stage. S6: In early to mid-March of the second year, dig planting holes in the center of the induction pit. The planting holes should be 35-40cm in diameter and 35-40cm deep. Before digging, clean the covering material on the pit surface and mark the area 10-12cm away from the main stem with bamboo sticks. This area is where the shallow lateral roots of the seedlings are distributed. Avoid the marked area when digging. If the lateral roots are accidentally cut, trim the cut with pruning shears. S7: Select jujube seedlings that are 1 year old, 40-55cm tall, with a ground diameter of ≥0.8cm, free from quarantine pests and diseases, and with well-developed root systems as target seedlings. Soak the roots of the target seedlings in clean water for 12-14 hours. The soaking depth should be such that the roots are completely submerged but the root neck is not submerged. After soaking, remove the seedlings and only trim any mechanically damaged roots that are split, peeled, or broken. Keep the root structure intact and do not shorten healthy main roots and lateral roots. Place the soaked and trimmed target seedlings in the center of the planting hole, straighten the plant, and make the root neck level with the ground. Start backfilling the soil. When the soil is backfilled to 17-20cm, stop backfilling. Weigh out 30-35g of gaseous water flocculant per hole and sprinkle it evenly into the planting hole. Mix it thoroughly with the backfill soil. S8: Continue backfilling the soil until the hole is full. Weigh out 15-20g of compound organic fertilizer microbial agent per hole and spread it evenly within a 5-8cm range around the root collar without mixing it with soil. After spreading, gently compact the surface soil to ensure that the microbial agent comes into contact with the soil. Then water the hole with 12-15L of water in two applications. Water 6-8L for the first time and 6-7L for the second time 15-20 minutes later. After watering, check if the root collar is exposed. If it is exposed, cover it with fine soil until the root collar is level with the ground. S9: Immediately after watering, cover the tree basin with gravel or coarse sand. The gravel should be 1-3cm in diameter, the covering should be 5-6cm thick, and the covering should be 60-70cm in diameter. Leave a 2-3cm gap between the gravel covering and the root collar to avoid direct contact. After covering, check again to see if the root collar is buried. S10: Between October of the second year and March of the third year, after the new shoots of the target seedlings have grown to ≥20cm and lignified, cut off the above-ground part of the seedlings at ground level, with the cut 1-2cm from the ground. Treat the cut with a 100-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, leaving the seedling roots to decompose naturally in place. Starting from April of the third year, manage the afforestation according to conventional methods. Apply 10-15g of compound organic fertilizer microbial agent per hole every March-April, spreading it around the tree basin and then watering with 5-8L of water. Continue this application for 3 years. Furthermore, the preparation method of the gaseous water coagulant includes the following steps: A1: Zeolite and diatomaceous earth were mixed and placed in a muffle furnace for activation treatment at 350°C for 2 hours. After activation treatment, the mixture was naturally cooled and ground through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a composite carrier. A2: Calcium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed and dissolved in pure water to prepare a 35% (w / w) composite salt solution. The solution is stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a salt solution. The composite carrier is added to the salt solution and stirred at 250 rpm for 6 hours at room temperature to obtain an impregnated slurry. The impregnated slurry is transferred to a vacuum filtration device and filtered until no liquid droplets flow out. The filter cake is placed in a forced-air drying oven and dried at 105℃ for 12 hours. It is then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the loaded material. A3: Dissolve ethyl cellulose in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a 6% ethyl cellulose solution, dissolve sodium alginate in pure water to prepare a 2% sodium alginate solution, mix the ethyl cellulose solution and sodium alginate solution, add polyethylene glycol 400 and stir evenly to obtain a composite coating solution. A4: Add the loading material to the composite coating liquid and stir and disperse at 400 rpm for 20 min to obtain a coating slurry. Put the coating slurry into a spray dryer, set the inlet air temperature to 130℃, the outlet air temperature to 70℃, and the atomizer speed to 28000 rpm. After spray drying, collect the powder, pass it through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a gaseous water coagulant, and seal it in a dry environment. Furthermore, the preparation method of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent includes the following steps: B1: Mix soybean meal powder and corn straw powder and pass through a 60-mesh sieve. After passing through the sieve, transfer the mixture to an oven and dry at 105℃ for 2 hours. Cool the mixture to obtain an organic matrix. Mix zinc sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate and add them to a grinder. Grind the mixture through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a trace element premixed powder. B2: Weigh out and mix Pseudomonas aeruginosa powder, Bacillus subtilis powder and Bacillus mucilaginosus powder to obtain a compound bacterial agent; B3: Add the compound microbial agent, humic acid, seaweed powder and trace element premixed powder to the organic matrix in sequence. Stir at 100 rpm for 5 minutes after each material is added. After all materials are added, stir at 200 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture. During the stirring process, control the material temperature to not exceed 40℃. B4: Add pure water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 60%. After mixing evenly, put it into a shallow fermentation container with a breathable membrane. The material layer thickness should not exceed 5cm. Place it in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator for aerobic fermentation for 3 days. Turn the material over every 8 hours during fermentation. After fermentation, spread the material out to a thickness of no more than 2cm. Place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at a low temperature of 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%. After drying, pulverize it through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent. Vacuum package it in 500g bags and store it at room temperature away from light.

[0008] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention creates a new afforestation model in arid and semi-arid regions through a three-level synergy of gaseous water source, microbial agent for root strengthening, and time-series relay. It actively collects gaseous water in soil pores through a gaseous water coagulant and converts it into liquid water to continuously replenish the shallow root zone. It induces deep root development and lateral root growth in seedlings through compound organic fertilizer microbial agents to achieve deep water acquisition. It achieves root relay between two generations of plants by inducing deep roots through sowing in the first year and benefiting from planting in the second year. It systematically solves the key problems of single water source, insufficient root development, and low survival rate in traditional afforestation.

[0009] 2: This invention uses gaseous water coagulant and compound organic fertilizer microbial agent as the core to construct a synergistic afforestation system with complementary functions of the two adjuvants, spatial stratification, and temporal coordination. The gaseous water coagulant is responsible for the collection and slow release of shallow gaseous water, while the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent is responsible for deep root induction and drought resistance enhancement. The two form a synergistic water channel in vertical space, which combines deep water finding and shallow water retention. It shows excellent adaptability, especially for jujube afforestation in arid and semi-arid areas with an annual precipitation of 250-400 mm. 3: This invention, through the systematic integration of induced pit design, sequential planting, and spatial stratification of dual adjuvants, transforms the problems of irrigation dependence, low survival rate, and high management costs in traditional arid zone afforestation into a low-cost, sustainable afforestation model that achieves one-time pit construction, two-year relay, and three-year forest formation. Under the condition of only initial root-setting water, it achieves high survival rate of target seedlings, providing a new, efficient, low-cost, and easily promoted solution for ecological restoration and economic forest construction in arid and semi-arid regions. Detailed Implementation

[0010] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0011] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0012] Example 1: 3.5 kg of zeolite and 1.5 kg of diatomaceous earth were mixed and placed in a muffle furnace for activation treatment at 350°C for 2 hours. After activation treatment, the mixture was naturally cooled and ground through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain 3.94 kg of composite carrier. 2: Mix 2.5 kg of calcium chloride and 800 g of lithium chloride and dissolve them in 6.13 kg of pure water to prepare a 35% (w / w) composite salt solution. Stir until completely dissolved to obtain a salt solution. Add 3.94 kg of composite carrier to the salt solution and stir at 250 rpm for 6 hours at room temperature to obtain an impregnated slurry. Transfer the impregnated slurry to a vacuum filtration device and filter until no liquid droplets flow out. Place the filter cake in a forced-air drying oven and dry at 105℃ for 12 hours. Crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain 5.68 kg of loaded material. 3: Dissolve 1 kg of ethyl cellulose in 15.67 kg of anhydrous ethanol to prepare a 6% ethyl cellulose solution. Dissolve 500 g of sodium alginate in 24.5 kg of pure water to prepare a 2% sodium alginate solution. Mix the ethyl cellulose solution and the sodium alginate solution, then add 200 g of polyethylene glycol 400 and stir until homogeneous to obtain 17.2 kg of composite coating solution. 4: Add 5.68 kg of loading material to 17.2 kg of composite coating liquid, stir and disperse at 400 rpm for 20 min to obtain coating slurry, put the coating slurry into a spray dryer, set the inlet air temperature to 130℃, the outlet air temperature to 70℃, and the atomizer speed to 28000 rpm, collect the powder after spray drying, pass it through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain 5.18 kg of gaseous water coagulant prepared in Example 1, and seal and store it in a dry environment; Example 2:1: 4.5 kg of soybean meal powder and 1.5 kg of corn stalk powder were mixed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve. After sieving, the mixture was transferred to an oven and dried at 105°C for 2 hours. After cooling, 5.82 kg of organic matrix was obtained. 200 g of zinc sulfate, 100 g of boric acid and 100 g of ammonium molybdate were mixed and added to a grinder and ground through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain 395 g of trace element premixed powder. 2: Weigh out 900g of Pseudomonas aeruginosa powder, 540g of Bacillus subtilis powder and 360g of Bacillus thuringiensis powder and mix them to obtain 1.8kg of compound microbial agent; 3: Add 1.8 kg of compound microbial agent, 1.2 kg of humic acid, 600 g of seaweed powder and 395 g of trace element premixed powder to 5.82 kg of organic matrix in sequence. After each material is added, stir at 100 rpm for 5 min. After all materials are added, stir at 200 rpm for 20 min to obtain 9.815 kg of mixture. During the stirring process, control the material temperature to not exceed 40℃. 4. Add pure water to the mixture and adjust the moisture content to 60%. After mixing evenly, put it into a shallow fermentation container with a breathable membrane. The material layer thickness should not exceed 5cm. Place it in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator for aerobic fermentation for 3 days. Turn the material over every 8 hours during fermentation. After fermentation, spread the material out to a thickness of no more than 2cm and place it in a forced-air drying oven. Dry it at a low temperature of 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%. After drying, pulverize it through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain 8.18kg of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent prepared in Example 2. Vacuum package it in 500g bags and store it at room temperature away from light.

[0013] Example 3: The afforestation site used in this example is a loess hilly area in Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The site has ample sunlight, good drainage, a soil layer thickness of ≥80cm, and a soil pH of 7.2. The jujube seeds used are collected from local wild jujubes, with a thousand-seed weight of 12.5g and a germination rate of 85%. The target jujube seedlings used are grafted seedlings that are 1 year old, 55cm tall, 0.85cm in diameter at the base, free from quarantine pests and diseases, and have well-developed root systems. The gaseous water coagulant used is prepared in Example 1. The compound organic fertilizer microbial agent used is prepared in Example 2. 1. On March 15 of the first year, select a plot of land with sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soil thickness ≥80cm, and soil pH value 7.2 as the afforestation site. Plow the afforestation site to a depth of 40cm, remove weeds and stones, and set up afforestation points with a spacing of 2m×3m, with 1665 holes per hectare. 2: Dig induction pits at the afforestation site. The pits should be shaped like inverted flasks, with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The pit opening should be 65cm in diameter, the bottom diameter 30cm in diameter, and the depth 65cm. Mix 3kg of clay and 1kg of sod evenly to prepare a slurry. Apply the slurry evenly to the pit walls to a thickness of 1.5cm. Allow the pits to dry naturally for 10 days after application. If any cracks are found in the pit walls during the drying period, repair them with the slurry. 3: Loosen the soil at the bottom 15cm depth of the induction pit, remove stones with a diameter greater than 2cm, weigh out the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent prepared in Example 2 at a dosage of 25g per hole, mix it thoroughly with the loosened soil at the bottom of the pit, and backfill it to the original height of the pit bottom. Gently tamp it down with your feet. On May 28 of the first year, sow jujube seeds at a depth of 6cm, 20cm off the center of the bottom of the induction pit. Sow 3 seeds per hole, and cover them with 2cm of fine soil after sowing. Water each hole with 20L of water. After watering, check whether the seeds are exposed. If they are exposed, cover them with fine soil. 4. Immediately after sowing, cover the surface of the pit with chopped straw or rice straw, with a thickness of 4cm and a diameter of 70cm. After covering, spray a small amount of water evenly to moisten and fix the covering to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. Check the seedling emergence on the 10th day after sowing. If two or more seedlings emerge, keep the strongest seedling and cut off the rest from the base. If no seedlings emerge, resow 2 seeds per hole on the 12th day after sowing. After resowing, water each hole with 15L of water to help the roots settle. 5: From June to September of the first year, no artificial irrigation intervention will be carried out. The pit surface will be checked only within 24 hours after each rainfall of ≥5mm. If the covering is washed away, it will be replenished in time. If water accumulates in the pit for more than 24 hours, the water will be drained by poking holes in the lower part of the pit wall with a wooden stick. On October 15 of the first year, the height of the seedlings and the depth of the taproot will be measured. The selection criteria are seedling height ≥25cm and taproot depth ≥40cm. The pits that do not meet the standards will be marked. No seedlings will be planted in the second year. Seedlings in the pits that meet the standards will be retained and will enter the next stage. 6. From March 10th to March 20th of the following year, dig planting holes in the center of the induction pit. The planting holes should be 40cm in diameter and 40cm deep. Before digging, clean the covering material on the pit surface and mark the area 10-12cm away from the main stem with bamboo sticks. This area is where the shallow lateral roots of the seedlings are distributed. Avoid the marked area when digging. If the lateral roots are accidentally cut, trim the cut with pruning shears. 7. Select jujube seedlings that are 1 year old, 55cm tall, with a ground diameter of ≥0.8cm, free from quarantine pests and diseases, and with well-developed root systems as target seedlings. Soak the roots of the target seedlings in clean water for 14 hours. The soaking depth should be such that the roots are completely submerged but the root neck is not submerged. After soaking, remove the seedlings and trim only the split, peeled, and broken mechanically damaged roots, retaining the complete root structure. Do not shorten healthy main roots and lateral roots. Place the soaked and trimmed target seedlings in the center of the planting hole, straighten the plant, and make the root neck level with the ground. Start backfilling the soil. When the soil is backfilled to 20cm, stop backfilling. Weigh out 35g of the gaseous water coagulant prepared in Example 1 per hole, sprinkle it evenly into the planting hole, and mix it thoroughly with the backfill soil. 8. Continue backfilling the soil until the hole is full. Weigh out 20g of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent prepared in Example 2 and spread it evenly around the root collar within a 5-8cm range without mixing it with soil. After spreading, gently compact the surface soil to make the microbial agent contact the soil. Then water the hole with 15L of water in two sessions. Water 8L for the first time and 7L for the second time 20 minutes later. After watering, check if the root collar is exposed. If it is exposed, cover it with fine soil until the root collar is level with the ground. 9. Immediately after watering, cover the tree basin with gravel or coarse sand. The gravel should be 1-3cm in diameter, 6cm thick, and 70cm in diameter. Leave a 3cm gap between the gravel cover and the root collar to avoid direct contact. After covering, check again to see if the root collar is buried. 10: Between October of the second year and March of the third year, after the new shoots of the target seedlings have grown to ≥20cm and lignified, cut off the above-ground part of the seedlings at ground level, with the cut 2cm from the ground. Treat the cut with a 100-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, leaving the seedling roots to rot naturally in place. Starting from April of the third year, follow conventional afforestation and tending management. Apply 15g of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent prepared in Example 2 to each hole every March-April. Spread it on the tree basin and then water it with 8L of water. Continue this application for 3 years. After the afforestation was completed, the afforestation effect of jujube in Example 3 was statistically tested. A total of 1665 holes were set up, and 100 holes were randomly selected for testing. The survival rate of seedlings in the first year, the survival rate of target seedlings in the second year, the survival rate of target seedlings in the third year, the average height of target seedlings in the third year, the average ground diameter of target seedlings in the third year, the average taproot depth of target seedlings in the third year, and the root dry weight of target seedlings in the third year were statistically analyzed. Table 1. Results of Afforestation Effect Testing in Example 3 Testing items Test results First year seedling survival rate 86.0% The second year's target seedling survival rate 81.0% The third-year target seedling survival rate 78.0% Average height of seedlings in the third year 87cm The average diameter of the seedlings in the third year 1.5cm Average taproot depth of the third-year target seedlings 68cm Third-year target seedling root dry weight 34.2g Table 2, Results of survival rate and growth in Example 3 Testing items Target value Measured value determination First year seedling survival rate ≥80% 86.0% qualified The second year's target seedling survival rate ≥75% 81.0% qualified The third-year target seedling survival rate ≥70% 78.0% qualified Average height of seedlings in the third year ≥70cm 87cm qualified The average diameter of the seedlings in the third year ≥1.2cm 1.5cm qualified Average taproot depth of the third-year target seedlings ≥55cm 68cm qualified Third-year target seedling root dry weight ≥25g 34.2g qualified Example 4: The afforestation site used in this example is a loess hilly area in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The site has ample sunlight, good drainage, a soil layer thickness of ≥80cm, and a soil pH of 7.5. The jujube seeds used are collected from local wild jujubes, with a thousand-seed weight of 11.8g and a germination rate of 82%. The target jujube seedlings used are grafted seedlings that are 1 year old, 40cm tall, 0.82cm in diameter at the base, free from quarantine pests and diseases, and have well-developed root systems. The gaseous water coagulant used is prepared in Example 1. The compound organic fertilizer microbial agent used is prepared in Example 2. 1. On March 20th of the first year, select a plot of land with sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soil thickness ≥80cm, and soil pH value 7.5 as the afforestation site. Plow the afforestation site to a depth of 30cm, remove weeds and stones, and set up afforestation points with a spacing of 2m×3m, with 1665 holes per hectare. 2: Dig induction pits at the afforestation site. The pits should be shaped like inverted flasks, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The pit opening should be 60cm in diameter, the bottom diameter 25cm in diameter, and the depth 60cm. Mix 3kg of clay and 1kg of sod evenly to prepare a slurry. Apply the slurry evenly to the pit walls to a thickness of 1.0cm. Allow the pits to dry naturally for 7 days after application. If any cracks are found in the pit walls during the drying period, repair them with the slurry. 3: Loosen the soil at the bottom 10cm depth of the induction pit, remove stones with a diameter greater than 2cm, weigh out 20g of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent prepared in Example 2 per hole, mix it thoroughly with the loosened soil at the bottom of the pit, and backfill it to the original height of the pit bottom. Gently tamp it down with your feet. On June 5th of the first year, sow jujube seeds 15cm off-center at the bottom of the induction pit, sowing 2 seeds per hole at a depth of 5cm. After sowing, cover with 1cm of fine soil and water each hole with 15L of water. After watering, check if the seeds are exposed. If they are exposed, cover them with fine soil. 4. Immediately after sowing, cover the surface of the pit with chopped straw or rice straw, with a thickness of 3cm and a diameter of 60cm. After covering, spray a small amount of water evenly to moisten and fix the covering to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. Check the seedling emergence on the 7th day after sowing. If there are 2 or more seedlings, keep the strongest seedling and cut off the rest from the base. If no seedlings emerge, resow 2 seeds per hole on the 10th day after sowing. After resowing, water each hole with 10L of water to help the roots settle. 5: From June to September of the first year, no artificial irrigation intervention will be carried out. The pit surface will be checked only within 24 hours after each rainfall of ≥5mm. If the covering is washed away, it will be replenished in time. If water accumulates in the pit for more than 24 hours, the water will be drained by poking holes in the lower part of the pit wall with a wooden stick. On October 18 of the first year, the height of the seedlings and the depth of the taproot will be measured. The selection criteria are seedling height ≥25cm and taproot depth ≥40cm. The pits that do not meet the standards will be marked. No seedlings will be planted in the second year. Seedlings in the pits that meet the standards will be retained and will enter the next stage. 6. From March 5th to March 15th of the following year, dig planting holes in the center of the induction pit. The planting holes should be 35cm in diameter and 35cm deep. Before digging, clean the covering material on the pit surface and mark the area 10-12cm away from the main stem with bamboo sticks. This area is where the shallow lateral roots of the seedlings are distributed. Avoid the marked area when digging. If the lateral roots are accidentally cut, trim the cut with pruning shears. 7: Select jujube seedlings that are 1 year old, 40cm tall, with a ground diameter of ≥0.8cm, free from quarantine pests and diseases, and with well-developed root systems as target seedlings. Soak the roots of the target seedlings in clean water for 12 hours. The soaking depth should be such that the roots are completely submerged but the root neck is not submerged. After soaking, remove the seedlings and only trim the split, peeled, and broken mechanically damaged roots, retaining the complete root structure. It is strictly forbidden to shorten healthy main roots and lateral roots. Place the soaked and trimmed target seedlings in the center of the planting hole, straighten the plant, and make the root neck level with the ground. Start backfilling the soil. When the backfilling reaches 17cm, stop backfilling. Weigh out 30g of the gaseous water coagulant prepared in Example 1 per hole, sprinkle it evenly into the planting hole, and mix it thoroughly with the backfill soil. 8. Continue backfilling the soil until the hole is full. Weigh out 15g of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent prepared in Example 2 per hole and spread it evenly within a 5-8cm range around the root collar without mixing it with soil. After spreading, gently compact the surface soil to make the microbial agent contact the soil. Then water the hole with 12L of water in two sessions. Water 6L for the first time and 6L for the second time 15 minutes later. After watering, check if the root collar is exposed. If it is exposed, cover it with fine soil until the root collar is level with the ground. 9. Immediately after watering, cover the tree basin with gravel or coarse sand. The gravel should be 1-3cm in diameter, 5cm thick, and 60cm in diameter. Leave a 2cm gap between the gravel cover and the root collar to avoid direct contact. After covering, check again to see if the root collar is buried. 10: Between October of the second year and March of the third year, after the new shoots of the target seedlings have grown to ≥20cm and lignified, cut off the above-ground part of the seedlings at ground level, with the cut 1cm from the ground. Treat the cut with a 100-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, leaving the seedling roots to rot naturally in place. Starting from April of the third year, follow conventional afforestation and tending management. Apply 10g of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent prepared in Example 2 to each hole every March-April. Spread it on the tree basin and then water it with 5L. Continue this application for 3 years. After the afforestation was completed, the afforestation effect of jujube in Example 4 was statistically tested. A total of 1665 holes were set up, and 100 holes were randomly selected for testing. The survival rate of seedlings in the first year, the survival rate of target seedlings in the second year, the survival rate of target seedlings in the third year, the average height of target seedlings in the third year, the average ground diameter of target seedlings in the third year, the average taproot depth of target seedlings in the third year, and the root dry weight of target seedlings in the third year were statistically analyzed. Table 3, Results of Afforestation Effect Testing in Example 4 Testing items Test results First year seedling survival rate 83.5% The second year's target seedling survival rate 78.0% The third-year target seedling survival rate 74.5% Average height of seedlings in the third year 82cm The average diameter of the seedlings in the third year 1.4cm Average taproot depth of the third-year target seedlings 63cm Third-year target seedling root dry weight 31.5g Table 4, Results of survival rate and growth in Example 4 Testing items Target value Measured value determination First year seedling survival rate ≥80% 83.5% qualified The second year's target seedling survival rate ≥75% 78.0% qualified The third-year target seedling survival rate ≥70% 74.5% qualified Average height of seedlings in the third year ≥70cm 82cm qualified The average diameter of the seedlings in the third year ≥1.2cm 1.4cm qualified Average taproot depth of the third-year target seedlings ≥55cm 63cm qualified Third-year target seedling root dry weight ≥25g 31.5g qualified The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for afforestation of jujube trees in arid and semi-arid regions, characterized in that, Using jujube seeds and jujube seedlings as materials, and employing gaseous water coagulant and compound organic fertilizer microbial agent, the survival rate of jujube afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions is improved through the complementary combination of sequential planting and spatial stratification of the two adjuvants. The gaseous water coagulant is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 35% zeolite, 15% diatomaceous earth, 25% calcium chloride, 8% lithium chloride, 10% ethyl cellulose, 5% sodium alginate and 2% polyethylene glycol 400; The compound organic fertilizer microbial agent is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 45% soybean meal powder, 15% corn straw powder, 9% Pseudomonas aeruginosa powder, 5.4% Bacillus subtilis powder, 3.6% Bacillus thuringiensis powder, 12% humic acid, 6% seaweed powder, 2% zinc sulfate, 1% boric acid, and 1% ammonium molybdate.

2. The method for afforestation of jujube trees in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: In March-April of the first year, select a plot of land with sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soil thickness ≥80cm, and soil pH value of 6.5-8.0 as the afforestation site. Plow the afforestation site to a depth of 30-40cm, remove weeds and stones, and set up afforestation points with a spacing of 2m×3m. S2: Dig induction pits at the afforestation site. The pits should be shaped like inverted flasks, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The pit opening diameter should be 60-65cm, the bottom diameter 25-30cm, and the depth 60-65cm. Mix clay and sod evenly to prepare a mixed soil slurry, with a clay-to-soil mass ratio of 3:

1. Apply the mixed soil slurry evenly to the pit walls, with a thickness of 1.0-1.5cm. Allow the pits to dry naturally for 7-10 days. If cracks are found in the pit walls during the drying period, repair them with the mixed soil slurry. S3: Loosen the soil at the bottom 10-15cm of the induction pit, remove stones larger than 2cm in diameter, weigh out 20-25g of compound organic fertilizer microbial agent per hole, mix it thoroughly with the loosened soil at the bottom of the pit, and backfill it to the original height of the pit bottom. Gently tamp it down with your feet. From late May to early June of the first year, sow jujube seeds 15-20cm off the center of the bottom of the induction pit, sowing 2-3 seeds per hole at a depth of 5-6cm. After sowing, cover with 1-2cm of fine soil and water each hole with 15-20L of water. After watering, check if the seeds are exposed. If they are exposed, cover them with fine soil. S4: Immediately after sowing, cover the surface of the pit with chopped straw or rice straw, with a thickness of 3-4cm and a diameter of 60-70cm. After covering, spray a small amount of water evenly to moisten and fix the covering to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. Check the seedling emergence on the 7th-10th day after sowing. If two or more seedlings emerge, keep the strongest seedling and cut off the rest from the base. If no seedlings emerge, resow 2 seeds per hole on the 10th-12th day after sowing. After resowing, water each hole with 10-15L of water to help the roots settle. S5: From June to September of the first year, no artificial irrigation intervention is carried out. The pit surface is only checked within 24 hours after each rainfall of ≥5mm. If the covering is washed away, it is replenished in time. If water accumulates in the pit for more than 24 hours, the water is drained by poking holes in the lower part of the pit wall with a wooden stick. In mid-October of the first year, the height of the seedlings and the depth of the taproot are measured. The selection criteria are seedling height ≥25cm and taproot depth ≥40cm. The pits that do not meet the standards are marked. No seedlings are planted in the second year. Seedlings in the pits that meet the standards are retained and enter the next stage. S6: In early to mid-March of the second year, dig planting holes in the center of the induction pit. The planting holes should be 35-40cm in diameter and 35-40cm deep. Before digging, clean the covering material on the pit surface and mark the area 10-12cm away from the main stem with bamboo sticks. This area is where the shallow lateral roots of the seedlings are distributed. Avoid the marked area when digging. If the lateral roots are accidentally cut, trim the cut with pruning shears. S7: Select jujube seedlings that are 1 year old, 40-55cm tall, with a ground diameter of ≥0.8cm, free from quarantine pests and diseases, and with well-developed root systems as target seedlings. Soak the roots of the target seedlings in clean water for 12-14 hours. The soaking depth should be such that the roots are completely submerged but the root neck is not submerged. After soaking, remove the seedlings and only trim any mechanically damaged roots that are split, peeled, or broken. Keep the root structure intact and do not shorten healthy main roots and lateral roots. Place the soaked and trimmed target seedlings in the center of the planting hole, straighten the plant, and make the root neck level with the ground. Start backfilling the soil. When the soil is backfilled to 17-20cm, stop backfilling. Weigh out 30-35g of gaseous water flocculant per hole and sprinkle it evenly into the planting hole. Mix it thoroughly with the backfill soil. S8: Continue backfilling the soil until the hole is full. Weigh out 15-20g of compound organic fertilizer microbial agent per hole and spread it evenly within a 5-8cm range around the root collar without mixing it with soil. After spreading, gently compact the surface soil to ensure that the microbial agent comes into contact with the soil. Then water the hole with 12-15L of water in two applications. Water 6-8L for the first time and 6-7L for the second time 15-20 minutes later. After watering, check if the root collar is exposed. If it is exposed, cover it with fine soil until the root collar is level with the ground. S9: Immediately after watering, cover the tree basin with gravel or coarse sand. The gravel should be 1-3cm in diameter, the covering should be 5-6cm thick, and the covering should be 60-70cm in diameter. Leave a 2-3cm gap between the gravel covering and the root collar to avoid direct contact. After covering, check again to see if the root collar is buried. S10: Between October of the second year and March of the third year, after the new shoots of the target seedlings have grown to ≥20cm and lignified, cut off the above-ground part of the seedlings at ground level, with the cut 1-2cm from the ground. Treat the cut with a 100-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, leaving the seedling roots to rot naturally in place. Starting from April of the third year, follow conventional afforestation and tending management. Apply 10-15g of compound organic fertilizer microbial agent per hole every March-April, spreading it around the tree basin and then watering with 5-8L. Continue this application for 3 years.

3. The method for afforestation of jujube trees in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the gaseous water coagulant includes the following steps: A1: Zeolite and diatomaceous earth were mixed and placed in a muffle furnace for activation treatment at 350°C for 2 hours. After activation treatment, the mixture was naturally cooled and ground through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a composite carrier. A2: Calcium chloride and lithium chloride are mixed and dissolved in pure water to prepare a 35% (w / w) composite salt solution. The solution is stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a salt solution. The composite carrier is added to the salt solution and stirred at 250 rpm for 6 hours at room temperature to obtain an impregnated slurry. The impregnated slurry is transferred to a vacuum filtration device and filtered until no liquid droplets flow out. The filter cake is placed in a forced-air drying oven and dried at 105℃ for 12 hours. It is then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the loaded material. A3: Dissolve ethyl cellulose in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a 6% ethyl cellulose solution, dissolve sodium alginate in pure water to prepare a 2% sodium alginate solution, mix the ethyl cellulose solution and sodium alginate solution, add polyethylene glycol 400 and stir evenly to obtain a composite coating solution. A4: Add the loading material to the composite coating liquid and stir and disperse at 400 rpm for 20 min to obtain the coating slurry. Put the coating slurry into a spray dryer, set the inlet air temperature to 130℃, the outlet air temperature to 70℃, and the atomizer speed to 28000 rpm. After spray drying, collect the powder, pass it through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the gaseous water coagulant, and seal it for storage in a dry environment.

4. The method for afforestation of jujube trees in arid and semi-arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent includes the following steps: B1: Mix soybean meal powder and corn straw powder and pass through a 60-mesh sieve. After passing through the sieve, transfer the mixture to an oven and dry at 105℃ for 2 hours. Cool the mixture to obtain an organic matrix. Mix zinc sulfate, boric acid and ammonium molybdate and add them to a grinder. Grind the mixture through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a trace element premixed powder. B2: Weigh out and mix Pseudomonas aeruginosa powder, Bacillus subtilis powder and Bacillus mucilaginosus powder to obtain a compound bacterial agent; B3: Add the compound microbial agent, humic acid, seaweed powder and trace element premixed powder to the organic matrix in sequence. Stir at 100 rpm for 5 minutes after each material is added. After all materials are added, stir at 200 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture. During the stirring process, control the material temperature to not exceed 40℃. B4: Add pure water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 60%. After mixing evenly, put it into a shallow fermentation container with a breathable membrane. The material layer thickness should not exceed 5cm. Place it in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator for aerobic fermentation for 3 days. Turn the material over every 8 hours during fermentation. After fermentation, spread the material out to a thickness of no more than 2cm. Place it in a forced-air drying oven and dry it at a low temperature of 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%. After drying, pulverize it through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the compound organic fertilizer microbial agent. Vacuum package it in 500g bags and store it at room temperature away from light.