A large energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device

Abstract

This application discloses a high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device, relating to the fields of industrial ionic liquid and medical wastewater treatment technology. In this device: a water quality sensor unit detects the water quality parameters of the liquid medium in real time; a dynamic allocation unit is used to preset the initial output parameters of the high-voltage power supply, the initial discharge parameters of the pulse source, and the initial switching sequence of the high-speed switch based on the detected water quality parameters before the discharge begins; during the discharge process, the output power of the high-voltage power supply and / or the discharge parameters of the pulse source are adjusted according to the circuit feedback signal, and the switching timing of the high-speed switch is adjusted; the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch switch sequentially according to the control signal, so that the initial high-voltage circuit and the pulse discharge circuit are connected in a time-sharing manner to inject residual voltage into the cavitation bubble growth stage, realizing the concentrated injection of energy into a single cavitation bubble. This application achieves the concentrated injection of energy into a single cavitation bubble, improving energy utilization efficiency and the concentration of the cavitation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of industrial ionic liquid and medical wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, the discharge and treatment of industrial wastewater face severe challenges. Large quantities of highly toxic, chemically stable, and non-biodegradable carcinogenic and teratogenic pollutants continue to enter water bodies, while emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and antibiotics pose potential threats to the ecological environment and human health.

[0003] The high-energy single cavitation bubble generated by concentrated energy has a significantly higher collapse intensity than traditional cavitation, and produces a higher concentration of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and a stronger shock wave, which can rapidly decompose structurally stable pollutants such as antibiotics and dyes that are difficult to biodegrade.

[0004] Although high-energy single-cavitation bubbles theoretically demonstrate excellent water treatment potential, existing cavitation generation technologies still have significant shortcomings. Traditional cavitation generation methods often employ simultaneous discharge of multiple electrodes or disordered pulse discharge, dispersing energy among multiple bubble nuclei, making it difficult to form a single, controllable high-energy cavitation bubble. This results in low energy utilization and a lack of concentrated cavitation effect. Furthermore, existing devices lack real-time response to changes in water quality, typically operating with fixed discharge parameters, making it difficult to adapt to the complex and fluctuating composition of wastewater, leading to unstable treatment results and high energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-energy single-cavitation bubble generator capable of concentrated energy injection and water quality self-adaptation to overcome the limitations of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device to solve the problem of "energy dispersion and difficulty in forming a single controllable high-energy cavitation bubble" in traditional cavitation technology, thereby realizing the concentrated injection of energy into a single cavitation bubble and improving energy utilization efficiency and the concentration of cavitation effect.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: This application provides a high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device, which includes: a high-voltage power supply, a high-speed switching system, a pulse source, a center electrode, a grounding electrode system, a dynamic distribution unit, and a water quality sensor unit; the grounding electrode system includes: a first grounding electrode and a second grounding electrode; the high-speed switching system includes a first high-speed switch and a second high-speed switch; The output terminal of the high-voltage power supply is connected to the input terminal of the dynamic distribution unit, the output terminal of the dynamic distribution unit is connected to the input terminal of the pulse source, the output terminal of the pulse source is connected to the center electrode, the first ground electrode is connected to the ground terminal of the high-voltage power supply through the first high-speed switch, the second ground electrode is connected to the ground terminal of the pulse source through the second high-speed switch, and the dynamic distribution unit is also connected to the water quality sensor unit, the control terminal of the high-voltage power supply, the control terminal of the pulse source, the first high-speed switch, and the second high-speed switch respectively. The first high-speed switch is used to control the on / off state of the initial high-voltage circuit; the initial high-voltage circuit is formed by a high-voltage power supply, a dynamic distribution unit, a pulse source, a center electrode, a liquid medium, a first grounding electrode, the first high-speed switch, and the grounding terminal of the high-voltage power supply. The second high-speed switch is used to control the triggering of the pulse discharge circuit; the pulse discharge circuit is formed by a pulse source, a center electrode, a liquid medium, a second ground electrode, a second high-speed switch, and the grounding terminal of the pulse source; The water quality sensor unit is used to detect the water quality parameters of the liquid medium in real time and transmit the detected water quality parameter values ​​to the dynamic allocation unit; Dynamic allocation units are used for: Before the discharge begins, the initial output parameters of the high-voltage power supply, the initial discharge parameters of the pulse source, and the initial switching sequence of the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch are preset according to the water quality parameter detection values, and the corresponding control signals are output. During the discharge process, the output power of the high-voltage power supply and / or the discharge parameters of the pulse source are dynamically adjusted according to the circuit feedback signal, and the switching timing of the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch is dynamically adjusted, and the corresponding control signal is output. The first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch switch are switched in sequence according to the corresponding control signals, so that the initial high-voltage circuit and the pulse discharge circuit are turned on in a time-sharing manner, so as to inject the residual voltage into the cavitation bubble growth stage and realize the concentrated injection of energy into a single cavitation bubble.

[0007] In one embodiment, the water quality parameters include at least one of conductivity, viscosity, and contaminants.

[0008] In one embodiment, the circuit feedback signal includes at least one of the following signals: The actual output voltage signal at the output terminal of the high-voltage power supply; The actual output current signal at the output terminal of the high-voltage power supply; The shock wave signal of bubble collapse collected by the hydrophone; The residual voltage signal detected by the high-voltage probe connected to the second grounding electrode.

[0009] In one embodiment, when the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch are switching in sequence, the first high-speed switch is closed first to make the initial high-voltage circuit conduct. After the preset electric field stabilizes, the first high-speed switch is opened and the second high-speed switch is closed to make the pulse discharge circuit conduct.

[0010] In one embodiment, the distance between the first grounding electrode and the center electrode is greater than a preset threshold.

[0011] In one embodiment, the second grounding electrode is a tip electrode, and the tip of the second grounding electrode is located in the central region where cavitation bubbles are expected to be generated.

[0012] In one embodiment, a discharge path is formed between the center electrode and the first ground electrode, and between the center electrode and the second ground electrode, through a liquid medium.

[0013] In one embodiment, the dynamic allocation unit is also used to call a preset database based on the water quality parameter detection values ​​to match or calculate the optimal operating parameters suitable for the current water quality.

[0014] In one embodiment, the high-voltage power supply is a DC high-voltage power supply used to provide initial DC high-voltage electrical energy.

[0015] In one embodiment, the water quality sensor unit includes at least one of the following sensors: a conductivity electrode, a vibratory viscometer or ultrasonic sensor, and an ultraviolet-visible spectral sensor.

[0016] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: This application discloses a high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device. By constructing an initial high-voltage circuit controlled by a first high-speed switch and a pulse discharge circuit controlled by a second high-speed switch, and utilizing a dynamic distribution unit to preset the initial parameters of the high-voltage power supply and pulse source and the switching sequence before the discharge begins based on the liquid medium parameters detected in real time by the water quality sensor unit, the output power, discharge parameters, and switching timing are dynamically adjusted according to the circuit feedback signal during the discharge process. This allows the first and second high-speed switches to switch sequentially and conduct the two circuits in a time-division manner: first, the initial high-voltage circuit is conducted to establish a stable pre-electric field to avoid premature arcing, and then the pulse discharge circuit is conducted to continuously inject residual voltage into the cavitation bubble growth stage, thereby achieving concentrated energy injection into a single cavitation bubble. This solves the problem in traditional cavitation technology where energy is dispersed among multiple bubble nuclei, making it difficult to form a single controllable high-energy cavitation bubble, and improves energy utilization efficiency and the concentration of the cavitation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure label: High-voltage power supply-1, first high-speed switch-21, second high-speed switch-22, pulse source-3, center electrode-4, first ground electrode-51, second ground electrode-52, dynamic distribution unit-6, water quality sensor unit-7, bubble-8. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device is provided, including: a high-voltage power supply, a high-speed switching system, a pulse source, a center electrode, a grounding electrode system, a dynamic distribution unit, and a water quality sensor unit; the grounding electrode system includes: a first grounding electrode and a second grounding electrode; the high-speed switching system includes a first high-speed switch and a second high-speed switch.

[0023] The output terminal of the high-voltage power supply is connected to the input terminal of the dynamic distribution unit, the output terminal of the dynamic distribution unit is connected to the input terminal of the pulse source, the output terminal of the pulse source is connected to the center electrode, the first ground electrode is connected to the ground terminal of the high-voltage power supply through the first high-speed switch, the second ground electrode is connected to the ground terminal of the pulse source through the second high-speed switch, and the dynamic distribution unit is also connected to the water quality sensor unit, the control terminal of the high-voltage power supply, the control terminal of the pulse source, the first high-speed switch, and the second high-speed switch respectively.

[0024] The first high-speed switch is used to control the on / off state of the initial high-voltage circuit; the initial high-voltage circuit is formed by a high-voltage power supply, a dynamic distribution unit, a pulse source (at this time the pulse source does not work and only acts as a conductor), a center electrode, a liquid medium, a first grounding electrode, the first high-speed switch, and the grounding terminal of the high-voltage power supply.

[0025] The second high-speed switch is used to control the triggering of the pulse discharge circuit; the pulse discharge circuit is formed by a pulse source, a center electrode, a liquid medium (i.e., plasma channel / bubble 8), a second ground electrode, a second high-speed switch, and the grounding terminal of the pulse source.

[0026] The water quality sensor unit is used to detect the water quality parameters of the liquid medium in real time and transmit the detected water quality parameter values ​​to the dynamic allocation unit.

[0027] Dynamic allocation units are used for: Before the discharge begins, the initial output parameters of the high-voltage power supply, the initial discharge parameters of the pulse source, and the initial switching sequence of the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch are preset according to the water quality parameter detection values, and the corresponding control signals are output.

[0028] During the discharge process, the output power of the high-voltage power supply and / or the discharge parameters of the pulse source are dynamically adjusted according to the circuit feedback signal, and the switching timing of the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch is dynamically adjusted, and the corresponding control signal is output.

[0029] The first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch switch are switched in sequence according to the corresponding control signals, so that the initial high-voltage circuit and the pulse discharge circuit are turned on in a time-sharing manner, so as to inject the residual voltage into the cavitation bubble growth stage and realize the concentrated injection of energy into a single cavitation bubble.

[0030] Specifically, the high-voltage power supply provides the initial DC high-voltage electrical energy for the entire system and is the energy source for the entire process.

[0031] The first and second high-speed switches are used to control the path and timing of energy release.

[0032] The pulse source stores and can release high peak current and short rise edge pulse energy instantaneously, outputting a pulse with an extremely steep leading edge and a peak voltage much higher than the DC preset voltage.

[0033] The first grounding electrode establishes a discharge condition in the initial stage that allows for the application of high voltage without prematurely generating an electric arc in the liquid medium; after the voltage decreases, the second grounding electrode maintains the discharge by shortening the discharge path, completely releasing the residual voltage and continuously injecting energy into the bubble.

[0034] The center electrode, typically located at the center of the entire device, is the primary electrode for applying high voltage. It bears the initial high voltage when the first high-speed switch closes and withstands the high-voltage pulse from the pulse source when the second high-speed switch is triggered.

[0035] The dynamic distribution unit monitors the voltage and current changes in the circuit in real time and automatically adjusts the output power of the high-voltage power supply and the discharge peak value of the pulse source.

[0036] The high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device of this application adopts a dual grounding system and a timing switching system to form a dynamic and adaptive discharge loop. This solves the two key continuous problems of preventing random arcing in the initial stage and residual voltage in the growth stage, and realizes the maximization and controllable injection of energy into a single cavitation bubble. In addition, it integrates a dynamic allocation unit with feedforward and feedback. The dynamic allocation unit receives real-time data from the water quality sensor unit and pre-sets an optimal set of operating parameters for the current water quality before the discharge begins. During the discharge process, it monitors key performance indicators in real time, dynamically adjusts the output power of the high-voltage power supply and the discharge parameters of the pulse source, and even fine-tunes the switching timing of the high-speed switch, forming a real-time optimized closed loop. This integrates the precise control of the physical process with the adaptive adjustment of external operating conditions, ensuring that it can stably and efficiently perform at its best under any water quality.

[0037] As an optional implementation, the water quality parameters include at least one of conductivity, viscosity, and contaminants.

[0038] As an optional implementation, when the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch are switching in sequence, the first high-speed switch is closed first to make the initial high-voltage circuit conduct. After the preset electric field stabilizes, the first high-speed switch is opened and the second high-speed switch is closed to make the pulse discharge circuit conduct.

[0039] As an optional implementation, the distance between the first grounding electrode and the center electrode is greater than a preset threshold.

[0040] Specifically, the first grounding electrode is usually designed to be located far from the center electrode, with the aim of establishing discharge conditions in the initial stage that allow for the application of high voltage without prematurely generating an electric arc in the liquid.

[0041] As an alternative implementation, the second grounding electrode is a tip electrode, and the tip of the second grounding electrode is located in the central region where cavitation bubbles are expected to be generated.

[0042] Specifically, the second grounding electrode is typically a sharp needle-shaped or pointed electrode, the tip of which is carefully positioned precisely in the central region where cavitation bubbles are expected to be generated.

[0043] As an optional implementation, a discharge path is formed between the center electrode and the first ground electrode, and between the center electrode and the second ground electrode, through a liquid medium.

[0044] As an optional implementation, the dynamic allocation unit is also used to call a preset database based on the water quality parameter detection values ​​to match or calculate the optimal operating parameters suitable for the current water quality.

[0045] The dynamic allocation unit has a built-in algorithm model. After receiving the water quality parameter detection value, it calls its built-in algorithm model to match a set of optimal operating parameters for the current water quality.

[0046] The dynamic distribution unit monitors the voltage and current changes in the circuit in real time, and automatically adjusts the output power of the high-voltage power supply and the discharge peak value of the pulse source based on the initial bubble generation efficiency and residual voltage value.

[0047] As an optional implementation, the high-voltage power supply is a DC high-voltage power supply used to provide initial DC high-voltage electrical energy. The high-voltage DC input port is connected via a cable to enable the input of high-voltage DC power.

[0048] As an optional implementation, the water quality sensor unit includes at least one of the following sensors: a conductivity electrode, a vibratory viscometer or ultrasonic sensor, and an ultraviolet-visible spectral sensor.

[0049] Specifically, the water quality sensor unit is used to detect the conductivity, viscosity, and pollutant concentration of wastewater, thereby preset the optimization parameters corresponding to different water qualities and provide real-time feedback of the detection data.

[0050] For electrical conductivity, a conductivity electrode can be used for measurement. The principle is to apply an alternating voltage to the water, measure the current generated, and calculate the reciprocal of the resistivity. The higher the conductivity, the better the liquid's conductivity. For viscosity, a vibratory viscometer or ultrasonic sensor can be used for measurement. The principle is to measure the damping of the vibrating probe in the liquid or the attenuation rate of the ultrasonic wave in the liquid. The higher the viscosity, the greater the damping. For pollutant concentration, an ultraviolet-visible spectral sensor can be used. The principle is to measure the absorbance of the water sample at visible light wavelengths. Different organic compounds have characteristic absorption peaks, and their total absorbance is correlated with total organic carbon.

[0051] Workflow: Wastewater flows into the reaction chamber → each probe of the sensing module measures synchronously → the original electrical signals (resistance, frequency, absorbance) are converted into digital quantities (conductivity, viscosity, absorbance value) → sent to the dynamic distribution unit.

[0052] The system presets optimal operating parameters based on real-time monitoring data, retrieving the best operating parameters from a pre-defined database or model. In the laboratory, this device treats hundreds of simulated wastewaters with different conductivity, viscosity, and concentration. For each water quality, it automatically iterates through different combinations of operating parameters, finding the set that maximizes bubble generation efficiency, minimizes residual voltage, and maximizes pollutant degradation rate. This optimal operating parameter, along with its corresponding water quality conditions, is stored in the database. When the sensor detects a set of real-time water quality data, the dynamic allocation unit searches the pre-defined database for the historical record closest to the current water quality. Using a nearest neighbor algorithm or interpolation algorithm, it calculates a set of optimal operating parameters suitable for the current water quality and distributes them to components such as the high-voltage power supply and pulse source.

[0053] The working principle of the high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device of this application is as follows: First, the high-voltage power supply is switched on, allowing a high-voltage DC current to be input into the center electrode, establishing a basic high-voltage electric field. The first high-speed switch is then closed. At this point, high voltage is applied between the center electrode and the first ground electrode, resulting in a relatively uniform electric field distribution between the electrodes. This prevents the formation of extremely high field strengths in localized areas, thus avoiding premature and uncontrolled arc discharge at unexpected locations. At a precise moment after the preset electric field stabilizes, the second high-speed switch is triggered, connecting the pulse source to the circuit. Simultaneously, the first high-speed switch is disconnected. At this instant, the main discharge loop of the circuit switches instantly to: pulse source → center electrode → second ground electrode.

[0054] Next, the water quality sensor unit is directly immersed in the wastewater reaction chamber, close to the discharge area, to capture the most representative real-time water quality data. After the device is started, the water quality sensor unit first detects the conductivity, viscosity, and pollutant concentration of the wastewater. The dynamic allocation unit calls the built-in database to match the current water quality with a suitable high-voltage power supply preset voltage, a preset peak value for the pulse source, and a high-speed switch switching sequence.

[0055] The dynamic distribution unit is connected in series between the high-voltage power supply and the pulse source. It receives voltage and current signals from the high-voltage power supply side, parameters from the water quality sensor unit, and bubble efficiency and residual voltage signals fed back from the discharge zone. High-precision voltage and current sensors integrated at the output of the high-voltage power supply provide feedback on the actual output voltage and current of the high-voltage power supply, used to monitor whether the power supply is stably outputting the preset power. A hydrophone placed inside the cavity captures the intensity and spectrum of the shock wave during collapse. After processing, the intensity and spectrum data can be used to monitor the quality and energy of bubble formation. A high-voltage probe connected to the second grounding electrode monitors the potential on the electrode in real time after the second high-speed switch is closed and switched to the power supply stage of the second grounding electrode. This potential directly reflects the remaining energy in the circuit that has not been released after the main discharge ends, i.e., the residual voltage. A water quality sensor unit immersed in the reaction chamber monitors the raw data of conductivity, viscosity, and UV absorbance in real time. These feedback signals are transmitted in real time to the core processor of the dynamic distribution unit in the form of digital signals after being converted from analog to digital. The dynamic distribution unit outputs two control signals: one to adjust the power output of the dynamic high-voltage power supply, and the other to dynamically set the charging voltage and trigger parameters of the pulse source to control the discharge peak.

[0056] One control signal: Adjusts the output power of the high-voltage power supply. The currently detected bubble generation efficiency is compared with the internally set optimal efficiency target value. If the efficiency remains low, it indicates insufficient total energy per bubble. If the efficiency meets the target but the residual voltage is high, it indicates incorrect energy injection timing or morphology, but the total energy may be sufficient or even excessive. When insufficient total energy is determined, the control signal output to the high-voltage power supply is increased in steps, instructing it to raise the output voltage or current limit, thereby increasing the total system power. When excessive total energy is determined, the control signal is decreased.

[0057] The other control signal dynamically sets the charging voltage and trigger parameters of the pulse source. Special attention is paid to the residual voltage value and the current steepness at the moment of breakdown. A high residual voltage indicates a mismatch between the energy form of the pulse discharge or the timing of the fast-shutdown switching, failing to effectively couple energy into the bubble; a slow rise in breakdown current indicates that the pulse peak voltage is not high enough, failing to achieve rapid and strong breakdown. If the breakdown strength is insufficient, a command will be generated to increase the charging voltage setpoint of the energy storage capacitor inside the pulse source, thereby increasing the peak voltage of the next discharge; if the residual voltage is high, the pulse waveform may be fine-tuned, or the trigger delay adjusted, to optimize the synchronization between the energy injection phase and bubble growth.

[0058] The pulse source applies a pulse with a peak value far exceeding that of a DC high voltage and an extremely steep rise edge. Because the second grounding electrode is a sharp, pointed electrode, the electric field is extremely concentrated there, and the local electric field strength instantaneously exceeds the dielectric strength of the liquid. The liquid is precisely and controllably broken down to form a discharge channel, instantly vaporizing to generate initial cavitation bubbles. After the initial bubbles are generated, they expand rapidly. As the bubbles grow larger, their internal physical state changes, leading to an increase in the discharge circuit impedance. At this point, the electric field strength of the original "center electrode - first grounding electrode" path decreases, and the discharge tends to stop. However, there is still unreleased electrical energy in the circuit, forming a "residual voltage," which leads to insufficient energy for bubble growth. When the bubble is detected to have grown to a certain size, the system dynamically switches the main grounding path from the first grounding electrode to the second grounding electrode. The tip of the second grounding electrode is now very close to or extends into the growing bubble. After the switch, the discharge path is drastically shortened from the original long distance (from the center electrode to the end of the first grounding electrode) to just from the center electrode to the very tip of the second grounding electrode. According to the electric field strength formula E=U / d, even though the voltage U (i.e., the residual voltage) has decreased, the local electric field strength E inside the bubble can still be maintained at a high level due to the extremely short distance d, which is sufficient to sustain the discharge. The discharge continues, efficiently converting the previous residual voltage into Joule heat, which is continuously injected into the bubble to provide energy for its growth, ensuring the eventual formation of a single cavitation bubble with enormous energy.

[0059] When the sensor detects that the dielectric constant of the wastewater is low, the dynamic distribution unit will command to increase the peak voltage of the pulse source, while possibly slightly reducing the preset voltage of the high-voltage power supply to prevent arcing in unexpected locations.

[0060] The dynamic distribution unit determines the initial bubble generation efficiency by monitoring discharge circuit parameters and bubble feedback signals. If the efficiency is low, it indicates insufficient energy injection, so the high-voltage power supply and pulse peak value are increased simultaneously to ensure the generation of large cavitation bubbles with sufficient energy. The dynamic distribution unit monitors the residual voltage in real time. If the residual voltage is too high, it indicates incomplete energy release. It then fine-tunes the timing of the second high-speed switch or the pulse waveform to ensure that residual electrical energy is efficiently injected into the bubble during the bubble growth stage and converted into collapse energy, thereby maximizing the processing effect of each joule of electrical energy.

[0061] The high-energy single cavitation bubble generating electrode device proposed in this application utilizes the geometric characteristics and dynamic timing switching of different grounding electrodes to ultimately generate a single cavitation bubble with precise positioning, controllable size, and extremely high energy density. Its working principle can be summarized as: sensing water quality → intelligently matching energy → precisely generating extreme environments → thoroughly degrading pollutants. The extreme physicochemical effects generated during its violent collapse, such as high temperature, high pressure, strong shock waves, and high concentrations of free radicals, make it a promising candidate for applications in advanced oxidation water treatment and other fields.

[0062] Beneficial effects: 1) This application constructs two independent discharge circuits: an initial high-voltage circuit controlled by a first high-speed switch and a pulse discharge circuit controlled by a second high-speed switch. Time-division multiplexing is achieved by sequentially switching the first and second high-speed switches: First, the initial high-voltage circuit is activated, establishing a stable pre-electric field between the center electrode and the first ground electrode, bringing the liquid medium to a critical state while preventing premature generation of disordered arcs. Then, the first high-speed switch is disconnected and the second high-speed switch is closed, allowing the peak electrical energy stored in the pulse source to precisely break down the liquid through the center electrode and the second ground electrode, generating a single cavitation bubble at a predetermined location. During the bubble growth stage, any remaining unreleased electrical energy (residual voltage) is injected into the same bubble through the switched pulse discharge circuit, converting all electrical energy into Joule heat for bubble growth. This concentrates the energy originally dispersed across multiple bubble nuclei into a single cavitation bubble, achieving controllable and concentrated energy utilization. This solves the problem of energy dispersion and difficulty in forming a single, controllable, high-energy cavitation bubble in traditional technologies.

[0063] 2) The water quality parameters of the liquid medium are detected in real time by the water quality sensor unit. Based on this, the dynamic allocation unit presets the initial parameters and switching sequence of the high-voltage power supply and pulse source before the discharge begins. During the discharge process, the output power, discharge parameters and switching timing are dynamically adjusted according to the circuit feedback signal. This ensures that the first discharge circuit and the second discharge circuit can operate with the optimal voltage, pulse intensity and switching sequence under different water quality conditions. This ensures that the dual-circuit timing switching mechanism can stably and efficiently generate large-energy single cavitation bubbles, thereby achieving the synergistic effect of concentrated energy injection and water quality self-adaptation.

[0064] 3) The generating electrode device of this application, on the one hand, uses a large number of hydroxyl radicals generated by cavitation to indiscriminately and non-selectively oxidize and decompose most organic pollutants, ultimately mineralizing them into carbon dioxide, water and inorganic small molecules, thus achieving complete degradation. That is, it utilizes the extreme physicochemical effects generated when the high-energy single cavitation bubble collapses with precise control to achieve efficient decomposition of organic pollutants. On the other hand, by introducing a dynamic distribution unit and a water quality sensor, it achieves the lowest operating energy consumption while efficiently degrading difficult-to-treat organic pollutants, solving the problem of adaptive operation under complex working conditions. This allows the treatment process to adapt to complex and changing water quality, realizing a leap from fixed program discharge to intelligent optimized discharge. While maintaining efficient degradation, it achieves energy-saving operation, effectively overcoming the problems of energy dispersion and low operating efficiency in traditional cavitation technology.

[0065] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the device and its core ideas. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device, characterized in that, The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device includes: a high-voltage power supply, a high-speed switching system, a pulse source, a central electrode, a grounding electrode system, a dynamic distribution unit, and a water quality sensor unit; the grounding electrode system includes: a first grounding electrode and a second grounding electrode; the high-speed switching system includes a first high-speed switch and a second high-speed switch; The output terminal of the high-voltage power supply is connected to the input terminal of the dynamic distribution unit, the output terminal of the dynamic distribution unit is connected to the input terminal of the pulse source, the output terminal of the pulse source is connected to the center electrode, the first ground electrode is connected to the ground terminal of the high-voltage power supply through the first high-speed switch, the second ground electrode is connected to the ground terminal of the pulse source through the second high-speed switch, and the dynamic distribution unit is also connected to the water quality sensor unit, the control terminal of the high-voltage power supply, the control terminal of the pulse source, the first high-speed switch, and the second high-speed switch respectively. The first high-speed switch is used to control the on / off state of the initial high-voltage circuit; the initial high-voltage circuit is formed by a high-voltage power supply, a dynamic distribution unit, a pulse source, a center electrode, a liquid medium, a first grounding electrode, the first high-speed switch, and the grounding terminal of the high-voltage power supply. The second high-speed switch is used to control the triggering of the pulse discharge circuit; the pulse discharge circuit is formed by a pulse source, a center electrode, a liquid medium, a second ground electrode, a second high-speed switch, and the grounding terminal of the pulse source; The water quality sensor unit is used to detect the water quality parameters of the liquid medium in real time and transmit the detected water quality parameter values ​​to the dynamic allocation unit; Dynamic allocation units are used for: Before the discharge begins, the initial output parameters of the high-voltage power supply, the initial discharge parameters of the pulse source, and the initial switching sequence of the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch are preset according to the water quality parameter detection values, and the corresponding control signals are output. During the discharge process, the output power of the high-voltage power supply and / or the discharge parameters of the pulse source are dynamically adjusted according to the circuit feedback signal, and the switching timing of the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch is dynamically adjusted, and the corresponding control signal is output. The first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch switch are switched in sequence according to the corresponding control signals, so that the initial high-voltage circuit and the pulse discharge circuit are turned on in a time-sharing manner, so as to inject the residual voltage into the cavitation bubble growth stage and realize the concentrated injection of energy into a single cavitation bubble.

2. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water quality parameters include at least one of conductivity, viscosity, and contaminants.

3. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit feedback signal includes at least one of the following signals: The actual output voltage signal at the output terminal of the high-voltage power supply; The actual output current signal at the output terminal of the high-voltage power supply; The shock wave signal of bubble collapse collected by the hydrophone; The residual voltage signal detected by the high-voltage probe connected to the second grounding electrode.

4. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first high-speed switch and the second high-speed switch are switching in sequence, the first high-speed switch is closed first to make the initial high-voltage circuit conduct. After the preset electric field stabilizes, the first high-speed switch is opened and the second high-speed switch is closed to make the pulse discharge circuit conduct.

5. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the first grounding electrode and the center electrode is greater than a preset threshold.

6. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second grounding electrode is a pointed electrode, and the tip of the second grounding electrode is located in the central region where cavitation bubbles are expected to be generated.

7. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A discharge path is formed between the center electrode and the first ground electrode, and between the center electrode and the second ground electrode, through a liquid medium.

8. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic allocation unit is also used to call a preset database based on the water quality parameter detection values ​​to match or calculate the optimal operating parameters suitable for the current water quality.

9. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage power supply is a DC high-voltage power supply used to provide initial DC high-voltage electrical energy.

10. The high-energy single-cavitation bubble generating electrode device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water quality sensor unit includes at least one of the following sensors: conductivity electrode, vibratory viscometer or ultrasonic sensor, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy sensor.

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