Method for purifying industrial gases and purification unit

Abstract

This invention relates to industrial technologies focused on cleaning gases generated during the combustion of fossil fuels, municipal and industrial waste, tires, polymers, and other chemicals. Particular attention is paid to removing oxidizing particles and harmful gases generated during combustion and production processes in sectors such as metallurgy, energy, construction, and chemicals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a purification method developed for reducing the concentration of gases and oxidized particles released into the gas stream during the combustion of fossil fuels, domestic and industrial waste, tires, polymers and other chemicals, as well as a purification unit operating based on the method.

[0002] This invention specifically relates to a purification method and purification unit, developed for removing oxidizing particles and harmful gases generated during combustion and production processes in industries such as metallurgy, energy, construction, and chemicals. The purification method and unit are capable of converting oxides and elemental substances in the gas stream into their original components and water, and then removing the elemental substances from the gas stream. This invention contributes to environmental protection and improves the ecological conditions of industrial areas. Background Technology

[0003] Environmental pollution is worsening due to anthropogenic pollutants released into the air and water by industrial activities in developed countries. The main sources of these pollutants are particulate matter generated during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in power plants, as well as in smelting, internal combustion engines, and other industrial processes. These pollutants include oxides of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, lead, zinc, and other elements. For example, coal containing impurities such as lead and zinc oxidizes along with carbon during combustion. Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are formed during the combustion of fuels containing sulfur and nitrogen compounds, contributing to acid rain formation and posing a significant environmental challenge.

[0004] Various methods have been developed to clean emissions generated during hydrocarbon fuel combustion in power plants, combustion processes, industrial processes, and internal combustion engines. For example, coal-fired power plants typically use scrubbing processes involving calcium compounds that react with sulfur oxides to form gypsum. However, these processes generate significant amounts of waste, leading to disposal challenges. To reduce the need for scrubbing, low-sulfur coal is used, which increases the cost of electricity production.

[0005] Alternatively, lowering the operating temperature of power plants can reduce sulfur oxide emissions, but this results in a loss of thermal efficiency for the coal. Another approach involves using electrostatic separators to improve particle removal efficiency. In this method, particles are charged using an ion generator, and then collected in an electrostatic separator.

[0006] Industrial gas purification systems are a key technology for cleaning and filtering gases generated in industrial facilities. These systems prevent pollutants from being released into the atmosphere, thereby reducing environmental pollution and protecting worker health. They typically include filters, electrostatic precipitators, absorption towers, and catalytic converters. These systems capture pollutants in the gases and release purified air. Industrial gas purification systems are designed based on the gas type, pollution level, and specific facility requirements. Their implementation not only ensures compliance with environmental regulations and legal requirements but also reduces costs. These systems enhance the competitiveness of industrial enterprises and promote long-term environmental sustainability.

[0007] Extensive research has been conducted to effectively purify industrial waste gases. One such study is the invention described in patent application WO2007 / 037768, entitled "System and Method for Obtaining Fuel from Waste." This invention relates to a system and process developed for generating heat, power, combustible gases, and chemicals from classified or unclassified municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial waste, wastewater treatment plant sludge, leather industry waste, agricultural residues, and similar materials. More specifically, this invention relates to a system and method for generating heat, power, combustible gases, and chemicals from solid waste. It includes steps such as feedstock preparation, gasification, syngas purification, energy generation, and optionally, the production of valuable chemicals and byproducts.

[0008] Another study is the invention described in patent application EP1501622B1, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Treating Gases Emitted from a Waste Treatment System". This invention relates to the purification of gases emitted from industrial or hazardous waste treatment systems.

[0009] Previous particulate control methods face significant challenges, such as failure to reduce emissions to acceptable levels, high construction and operating costs, and low energy efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new industrial gas purification methods that address these shortcomings and meet contemporary requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention relates to a method for purifying industrial gases that eliminates all the drawbacks of existing solutions and provides additional advantages. The method is designed to treat gases containing oxidized particles generated during the combustion of fossil fuels, waste materials, tires, polymers, and other chemicals. The method promotes the conversion of oxides and elemental substances into water and the removal of elemental substances from the gas stream.

[0011] The main objective of this invention is to process airflow containing combustion products and convert it into elemental substances and water.

[0012] An additional objective is to remove elemental substances from the air, thereby achieving a significantly improved and purified airflow, while also providing the opportunity to recover valuable elemental substances when necessary.

[0013] Another objective is to improve efficiency by using energy-efficient devices to treat emissions from coal-fired power plants. This method allows for the recovery of carbon from flue gas for reuse as fuel, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of power plants.

[0014] Furthermore, this invention aims to enable the use of previously prohibited waste incinerators due to their high air purification efficiency, thereby contributing to better control of air pollution.

[0015] Another objective is to reduce the size of landfill areas through incineration and proper treatment, thereby extending the availability of landfill sites. This reduces landfill closure time and extends their operational life.

[0016] The structure and characteristic features of the present invention, along with all its advantages, will be more clearly understood through the detailed description provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, an evaluation of the invention should be made in conjunction with these drawings and the detailed explanation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To fully understand the configuration of the present invention and the advantages of combining it with auxiliary components, it should be evaluated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings described below.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic overall view of the gas purification unit is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the gas purification unit is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 This shows a schematic overall view of the gas purification unit in a disassembled state.

[0021] Figure 4a This shows a schematic overall view of the bushing bearing and its body in a disassembled state.

[0022] Figure 4b A schematic overall view of the assembled configuration of the injector positioning device is shown.

[0023] Figure 4c A schematic overall view of the main body and suspension bushing assembly configuration is shown.

[0024] Figure 4d A schematic overall view of the assembled configuration of the fork pins is shown.

[0025] Figure 4e : A schematic overall view showing how the position of the unit is adjusted.

[0026] Reference number

[0027] 100: Gas purification unit

[0028] 101: Main Body

[0029] 102: Conical hopper

[0030] 103: Water bag

[0031] 104: Water bag

[0032] 105: Support ring

[0033] 106: Lower flue gas passage

[0034] 107: Inlet water manifold

[0035] 108: Cover

[0036] 109: Drainage pipe

[0037] 110: Injector

[0038] 111: Sharp metal electrode

[0039] 112: Connector

[0040] 113: Injector suspension frame

[0041] 114: Linear positioning rod

[0042] 115: Insulator

[0043] 116: High-voltage insulator

[0044] 117: Pillar

[0045] 118: Framework

[0046] 119: Upper flue gas passage

[0047] 120: Water electrode

[0048] 121: Fasteners

[0049] 122: Flue gas supply device with locking mechanism

[0050] 123: Gas Purification Exhaust Fan

[0051] 124: Circulating water preparation and treatment unit

[0052] 125: Power supply

[0053] 126: Injector positioning rod

[0054] 127: Supporting Leg

[0055] 128: with

[0056] 129: Stable diagonal brace

[0057] 130: Upper pillar

[0058] 131: Adjusting bolt

[0059] 132: Support bolt

[0060] 133: Arm

[0061] 134: Keep arm

[0062] 135: Injector Insulator

[0063] 136: Support insulator bolt

[0064] 137: Sleeve assembly

[0065] 138: Upper plate

[0066] 139: Suspension component

[0067] 140: Fixture

[0068] 141: Key pin

[0069] 142: Ring

[0070] 143: Insulator Detailed Implementation

[0071] In this detailed description, the industrial gas purification unit (100) and purification method developed for treating process gases emitted from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical facilities, chemical and petrochemical plants, the construction industry, and energy and fuel industry installations are explained by way of example only for better understanding and are not intended to impose any limiting effect.

[0072] Figure 1The gas purification unit (100) shown is used in industrial environments, production workshops, and other facilities to purify the fugitive emissions of hazardous substances, treat waste by incineration, and eliminate atmospheric emissions of pollutants from liquid-fueled boilers in industries using hydrocarbon fuels for process purposes. It cleans gas streams containing oxidizing compounds and / or particles, including carbon, sulfur, iron, and other elements. The gas purification unit (100) has a conical structure to ensure proper gas flow direction. The gas purification unit (100) includes: a main body (101) forming a conical hopper (102) in its central portion; an upper water bag (103) located in the upper section of the main body (101); a lower water bag (104) located in the lower section of the main body (101); a support ring (105) placed on the upper part of the main body (101) and communicating with the upper water bag (103) to support the upper water bag (103); a lower gas passage (106) installed inside the main body (101) in the lower part of the conical hopper (102); an inlet water manifold (107) connected to the upper water bag (103); a cover (108); two drain pipes (109) connected to the lower water bag (104); and an injector (110) located at the top of the main body (101) covering the conical hopper (102). The injector (110) is made of dielectric material and has a three-dimensional hollow form. Corrosion-resistant pointed metal electrodes (111) are arranged on the outer surface of the injector (110). These pointed metal electrodes (111) are electrically interconnected and connected to a connector (112) for attachment to a high-voltage power supply (125). The injector (110) is connected to the injector positioning rod (126) via a high-voltage insulator (115). The injector suspension frame (113) is attached to the support ring (105) via a high-voltage insulator (116) and a strut (117). The entire structure is mounted on a frame (118).

[0073] The contaminated air or flue gas is pumped into the upper flue gas passage (119) of the gas purification unit (100) by a flue gas supply device (122) with a locking mechanism, such as Figure 2As shown. The aforementioned injector (110) passes between the tip of the pointed metal electrode (111) and the water electrode (120), then enters the lower gas passage (106) and is released into the atmosphere by the purified gas exhaust fan (123). The water electrode (120) is formed by water flowing downward from the upper water bag (103) into the main body (101) and serves as a collector for the removed foreign matter. Water containing settled contaminants accumulates in the lower water bag (104) and then flows by gravity into the circulating water preparation and treatment unit (124), where it is filtered and fed back to the upper water bag (103) of the industrial gas purification unit (100) for reuse. The pointed metal electrode (111) of the injector (110) receives current from a high-voltage power supply (125) via a connector (112), with a voltage of 30 to 80 kV and a current of up to 7 mA, supplied via a ballast resistor. The distance between the tip of the pointed metal electrode (111) and the water electrode (120) in the operating area is adjusted using a linear positioning rod (114). A purified gas exhaust fan (123) is connected to a lower gas passage (106) located at the bottom of the main body (101).

[0074] exist Figure 4a In this assembly, the sleeve assembly (137) with prefabricated bushing bearings is fastened to the body (101) 30 mm from the edge using fasteners (121) via linear positioning rods (114). Figure 4b In this configuration, a fixed, bushed linear positioning rod (114) is placed into a hole in the upper plate (138) and secured with a fastener (121). The retractable body of the linear positioning rod (114) is inserted into the suspension (140) by aligning the linear positioning rod (114) with the 12.5 mm hole on the bushing. Subsequently, as... Figure 4c As shown, the retainer (141) is inserted into the hole at the lower end of the linear positioning rod (114) and fixed with a key pin (142). After tightening, the end of the key pin (142) is bent.

[0075] Then Figure 4d The assembled structure shown is mounted onto the injector suspension frame (113) and secured to the lower ring (143) with fasteners (121). The insulator (144) is attached to the injector suspension frame (113) via fasteners (121). Figure 4e As shown, the support insulator bolt (136) is connected to the lower hole of the insulator (144).

[0076] After assembling the gas purification unit (100), as shown in Figure 4f, the lower adjusting bolt (131) is used to set the level of the upper edge of the overflow of the conical hopper (102). The upper adjusting bolt (131) is used to adjust the vertical position of the injector suspension frame (113). Once the adjusting bolt (131) is loosened and the upper plate (138) is displaced relative to the injector suspension frame (113), the distance between the pointed metal electrode (111) and the conical hopper (102) is measured. The injector (110) and the body (101) are then aligned, and the previously loosened fasteners (121) are retightened.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas purification unit (100) is used to clean the airflow containing pollutants generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, waste and other materials, and to remove oxides and elemental substances.

[0078] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas purification unit (100) is used to clean emissions from a coal-fired power plant by recovering carbon from the power plant emissions and reusing it as fuel.

[0079] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a gas purification unit (100) is used in a waste incinerator to produce elemental materials by burning waste and cleaning the emissions from the incinerator. The elemental materials occupy significantly less space than the original unburned waste, thereby effectively reducing the requirements for landfill space.

[0080] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas purification unit (100) is utilized such that the combusted material from which the elemental matter has been recovered and which now occupies a much smaller volume can be re-buried in a landfill after treatment to recover these elemental matter.

[0081] In another preferred embodiment, the gas purification unit (100) is used to produce valuable elemental materials, such as fullerenes.

[0082] In an industrial gas purification method (the subject of this invention) developed for treating process gases emitted from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical facilities, chemical and petrochemical plants, the construction industry, and energy and fuel industry installations, the behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas discharge is as follows:

[0083] The main discharge products from CO2 are O2, CO, and CO2. The degree of CO2 dissociation at the discharge outlet can reach 60%. A significant concentration of O (oxygen) atoms is present in the discharge region; [O] / [O2] ≈ 0.1. Under similar conditions, mass spectrometry studies of the discharge show that the concentrations of C3O2 and C2O are relatively low compared to the concentrations of O2, CO, and CO2.

[0084] The dissociation of CO2, CO, and O2 occurs during collisions with electrons, due to the excitation of unstable pre-dissociation electronic states, and also during collisions with electronically excited metastable CO(a^3P) molecules. In the reaction CO + CO(a^3P) → CO2 + C, “hot” carbon atoms (with excess translational energy) are formed, with a concentration not exceeding 10^12 cm⁻³. A significant pathway for the consumption of these hot C (carbon) atoms is the reaction CO2 + C → 2CO.

[0085] The consumption of oxygen atoms mainly occurs through recombination on the wall, leading to the formation of O2 and CO2. Reaction (I) may occur on the glass (water) wall of the discharge tube and on the metal electrodes.

[0086] Reaction I: O → ½O2

[0087] CO2 formation reactions can also occur on glass (water) surfaces.

[0088] Reaction II: O(st.) + CO → CO2 and O + CO(st.) → CO2

[0089] During discharge, the main processes for the formation of O2 and CO2 are based on multiphase recombination according to reaction I and reaction II, respectively. When water vapor is added to the initial CO2, OH radicals are formed during discharge. These radicals participate in the reactions OH + O → O2 + H and OH + CO → CO2 + H, leading to the production of O2 and CO2.

[0090] The reaction continues as follows:

[0091] H2O = OH - + H +

[0092] H + + e - = H

[0093] 4OH - – 4e - = O2 + 2H2O

[0094] 6H + SO2 = H2S + 2H2O

[0095] SO2 + 2H2S = 3S↓ + 2H2O

[0096] or:

[0097] SO2 + 4H = S↓ + 2H2O

[0098] Similarly, according to existing mechanisms, carbon dioxide can be reduced:

[0099] 4H + CO2 = C↓ + 2H2O

[0100] CO2 + 8H = CH4 + 2H2O

[0101] CH4 + CO2 = 2C↓ + 2H2O

[0102] The method of this invention can be used for a variety of purposes, such as reducing oxides in a gas stream containing pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels, waste, and other materials to elemental substances and water, and subsequently removing the elemental substances from the gas stream. Furthermore, the method can be used to improve the efficiency of coal-fired power plants by recovering carbon from power plant emissions and reusing the recovered carbon as fuel. Additionally, the method can be applied to extracted landfill material that has been incinerated and treated to recover elemental substances, which is then returned to the storage area in a much smaller volume of recovered elemental substances.

Claims

1. An industrial gas purification method for reducing oxides present in an airflow containing oxidizing particles, as well as pollutants generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, waste, tires, polymers, and other chemicals, to elemental substances and water, and for removing elemental substances from the airflow, characterized by the following steps: A gas stream containing carbon compounds is introduced into the reactor space and directed upward through the reaction zone, thereby causing interaction with the tip (111) of a sharp metal electrode protruding from the outer surface of the injector (110); The electrodes and the conical hopper reactor are electrically isolated from each other; A potential is supplied to the pointed metal electrode (111); CO2, CO, and O2 dissociate through collisions with electrons caused by the excitation of unstable pre-dissociation electronic states, and through collisions with electronically excited metastable CO (a3P) molecules. Water vapor is added to the initial CO2 to form OH radicals within the discharge, wherein the OH radicals participate in the reactions OH + O → O2 + H and OH + CO → CO2 + H, thereby forming O2 and CO2.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When used to directly process high-temperature airflow, the step of cooling the airflow to at least about 60°C using any conventional method.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of accelerating the air entering the gap between the injector (110) and the reactor to enhance the interaction between the point electrode and the oxide particles due to the interaction between the oxide particles and the tubular electrode of the injector.

4. An industrial gas purification unit (100) developed for purifying process gases emitted from ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting facilities, chemical and petrochemical plants, the construction industry, and energy and fuel industry installations, characterized in that, Include: The main body (101) has a conical hopper (102) formed in its central section. The filtered water is transferred to the upper water bag (103) located at the top of the main body (101) for reuse. A drain bag (104) located at the lower part of the main body (101) collects water containing settled pollutants. A support ring (105) is placed on the upper part of the body (101) and communicates with the upper water bag (103) to support the upper water bag (103). The lower gas passage (106) is connected in such a way that it remains inside the body (101) at the lower part of the conical hopper (102). The inlet water manifold (107) is connected to the upper water bag (103). Two drain pipes (109) are connected to the lower water bag (104). An injector (110) made of dielectric material is located at the top of the body (101) and covers the conical hopper (102). A corrosion-resistant pointed metal electrode (111) is disposed on the outer surface of the injector (110), the pointed metal electrode (111) being electrically interconnected and connected to a connector (112) for a high-voltage power supply (125). A water electrode (120) is formed by water flowing downwards from the upper water bag (103) into the body (101). The water electrode (120) passes between the tips of the pointed metal electrodes (111) and serves as a collector for the removed foreign matter. The circulating water preparation and treatment unit (124) collects water in the lower water bag (104) and flows into the circulating water preparation and treatment unit (124) by gravity for filtration.

5. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, It has a conical structure that ensures proper gas flow direction.

6. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a injector positioning rod (126), to which the injector (110) is connected.

7. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a high-voltage insulator (115) that connects the injector (110) to the injector positioning rod (126).

8. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes an injector suspension frame (113), which is attached to the support ring (105) via a high-voltage insulator (116) and a strut (117), with an insulator (144) mounted on the injector suspension frame (113).

9. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a flue gas supply device (122) with a locking mechanism for introducing contaminated air or flue gas into the gas purification unit (100).

10. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes an upper flue gas passage (119), through which contaminated air or flue gas is pumped by a flue gas supply device (122) with a locking mechanism.

11. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a purified gas exhaust fan (123) that releases cleaned air or flue gas into the atmosphere after it passes through the lower gas passage (106).

12. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, It includes a linear positioning rod (114) for adjusting the distance between the tip of the pointed metal electrode (111) and the water electrode (120).

13. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, It includes a support frame that is mounted on a foundation via support legs (127), a belt (128), and a stabilizing diagonal brace (129) using flattening fasteners (121).

14. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes an adjusting bolt (131), which is screwed into the upper hole of the support frame to set the horizontal position of the upper edge of the overflow of the conical hopper (102) and the vertical position of the injector suspension frame (113).

15. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a support bolt (132), which is inserted into a hole through the bushing of the support ring (143).

16. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes an upper support column (130), which is connected to the threaded section of a support bolt (132), and its upper hole is mated with an adjusting bolt (131).

17. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a stabilizing diagonal brace (129) that aligns with a hole above the injector insulator (135) after the injector (110) is removed.

18. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes an arm (133) that connects a support leg (127) to the body (101), and an upper support column (130) attached to the arm (133).

19. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The retractable body of the suspension (140) and the linear positioning rod (114) is placed in the suspension (140).

20. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a retainer (141), which is inserted into a hole located at the lower part of the linear positioning rod (114).

21. The gas purification unit (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes a key pin (142), the end of which is bent after insertion to secure the retainer (141).

Images