A seedless grape cultivation technology

Abstract

This invention provides a high-efficiency seedless grape cultivation technology. Through systematic innovation in seed pretreatment, compound growth regulator formulation, substrate optimization, and precise cultivation management, it overcomes traditional technological bottlenecks. Seed pretreatment employs a quicklime-distilled water activation method combined with wood ash-milk fermentation and ultrasonic-assisted treatment, significantly improving embryo activity and germination rate. The growth regulator is a golden ratio compound of gibberellin and chlorpyrifos, applied to the flower spikes twice, with sodium tungstate added to prolong efficacy, achieving a seedless rate >95% and a 20%-30% increase in berry weight. The substrate uses a multi-stage formulation system, adjusted to pH 5.0-5.5 after low-temperature sterilization, and incorporates 5% biochar to enhance water retention and pollution resistance. Innovative cultivation management includes optimized H-shaped trellis system combined with rain-sheltered cultivation and precise water and fertilizer management, resulting in a stable yield of over 1500 kg / mu, extended shelf life to 15 days, and a cultivation cycle shortened to 2 years before fruiting. This technology comprehensively improves fruit quality and planting efficiency, demonstrating significant application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically involving an efficient planting method for achieving seedless grapes through seed pretreatment, compounding of growth regulators, substrate optimization, and precise cultivation management. This method breaks through the bottleneck of traditional seedless technology and improves fruit quality and planting efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional seedless grape technology has significant limitations:

[0003] Defects of single gibberellin treatment: While using gibberellin alone (such as dipping in a 50-100 mg / L solution) can induce seedlessness, it easily leads to a hardening rate of over 60% on the rachis, an increase in fruit drop rate of 15%-20%, and a delay in maturity by 7-10 days, shortening the shelf life to 7-10 days. For example, patent CN110896632A uses grape seeds to cultivate seedless grapes, which requires a complex seedling process (such as breaking embryonic dormancy and tissue culture), with a survival rate of only 60%-70% and a cycle of up to 18 months.

[0004] Triploid breeding has a long cycle: Achieving seedlessness through colchicine-induced triploidy requires an 8-12 year breeding cycle and carries the risk of chromosomal aberrations, resulting in a fruit deformity rate as high as 30%. Existing compounding techniques are insufficient: Recent studies show that gibberellin combined with chlorpyrifos (CPPU) can reduce the rate of rachis hardening, but the concentration ratio needs precise control (e.g., 10:5 ppm), otherwise it can easily cause phytotoxicity. Traditional substrate formulations (e.g., peat moss + chicken manure) have problems such as unstable pH and poor water retention, affecting root development. This invention solves the above problems through systematic innovation, achieving a seedless rate >95%, a 20%-30% increase in fruit weight, and an extended shelf life to 15 days, while shortening the cultivation cycle to 2 years for fruiting, with a stable yield of over 1500 kg per mu. Invention Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a seedless grape cultivation technology.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved by the following technical solution:

[0007] 1. Seed pretreatment technology

[0008] Quicklime-distilled water activation method: Select naturally mature, large grape seeds (such as Kyoho and Shine Muscat varieties), mix them with quicklime (1:5 by weight), and soak them in distilled water at 10-12℃ for 2-3 days to inhibit microbial growth. After peeling, mix them with wood ash (3 parts) and milk (1 part) in a 3:2:1 volume ratio, and ferment at 25-28℃ for 3-5 days to activate germ activity. This process uses quicklime to adjust the pH to 8.0-8.5, promoting the breaking of seed dormancy; the fermentation process produces lactic acid bacteria and yeast, enhancing the germ's resistance. Ultrasonic-assisted treatment: After fermentation, the seeds are treated with 40kHz ultrasound for 15 minutes to enhance cell membrane permeability, promote nutrient absorption, and increase the germination rate to 85%-90%. 2. Growth Regulator Compound Technology: Gibberellin-Chroxypyridine Golden Ratio: Gibberellin (GA3, 10ppm) and chlorpyridine (CPPU, 5ppm) are compounded and applied to the flower spikes twice, 3-5 days before flowering and 5 days after flowering. This combination inhibits ABA synthase activity to block ovule development, while GA3 promotes ovary wall swelling and CPPU enhances cell division activity, achieving a seedless rate >95% and a 20%-30% increase in fruit weight. Sodium tungstate synergistic effect: Adding sodium tungstate (0.1ppm) to the compound enhances the stability of GA3 by inhibiting phosphatase activity, prolonging the efficacy to 7-10 days and reducing the number of applications. 3. Optimized Substrate Formula: Multi-level substrate ratio system: The cultivation soil consists of peat moss powder (40%), well-rotted chicken manure (30%), compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15, 15%), and carbendazim (1000 times dilution). The substrate is sterilized by refrigeration at 5-8℃ for 1-2 months, and the pH value is adjusted to 5.0-5.5. Perlite (10%) is added to enhance aeration and ensure healthy root development. Biochar modification: Biochar (5%) is mixed into the substrate. Its porous structure adsorbs heavy metal ions, reducing the risk of soil pollution, while improving water retention to 60%-70%. 4. Innovative cultivation management: H-shaped trellis optimization: An H-shaped trellis is adopted, with a main vine spacing of 1.5m and a fruiting branch spacing of 0.5m, improving light distribution and increasing photosynthetic efficiency by 20%. Combined with rain-sheltered cultivation (covered with transparent plastic film), pesticide use is reduced by 30%, preventing diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew. Precise water and fertilizer management: Foliar spraying with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days during the fruit enlargement period, and stopping fertilization and controlling water 15 days before harvest to increase sugar content to 18-20 Brix. The drip irrigation system uses pressure-compensating drippers to ensure uniform water and fertilizer distribution and reduce waste.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0010] This technology activates embryo activity through seed pretreatment, combines growth regulators to synergistically inhibit ovule development and promote fruit enlargement, and integrates optimized substrate formula and precise cultivation management to achieve: 1. Seedless rate >95%, berry weight increase of 20%-30%, and sugar content increased to 18-20 Brix; 2. Rachis hardening rate reduced by 40%, shelf life extended to 15 days, and fruit drop rate reduced to below 5%; 3. Gibberellin usage reduced by 50%, lowering the risk of phytotoxicity, and shortening the cultivation cycle to 2 years before fruiting; 4. Stable yield of over 1500 kg / mu, and economic benefits increased by over 30%. This patent is applicable to mainstream grape varieties such as Kyoho and Shine Muscat, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and stable effects. It can be widely applied to open-field and greenhouse cultivation, significantly improving the commercial value and planting benefits of grapes, and promoting the transformation of the grape industry towards high efficiency, high quality, and sustainable development. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0012] Example: Process of this technical solution

[0013] 1. Seed treatment

[0014] In early spring, select plump grapes (such as Kyoho grapes), remove the pulp, wash the seeds, add quicklime (1:5 by weight), mix well, and soak in distilled water at 10-12℃ for 2 days. After peeling, mix with wood ash (3 parts) and milk (1 part), and ferment at 25-28℃ for 4 days until the buds burst open. Ultrasonic treatment: After fermentation, treat the seeds with 40kHz ultrasound for 15 minutes to enhance embryo activity before sowing. 2. Seedling management: Sow the treated seeds on refrigerated and sterilized potting soil (5-8cm thick), cover with 3-5cm of peat moss, maintain 20-23℃ and 60%-70% humidity, and cultivate for 15 weeks until the seedlings reach a height of 30cm. Substrate sterilization: Refrigerate the potting soil at 5-8℃ for 1 month, add carbendazim (1000 times dilution) for sterilization, and ensure no pathogen residue. 3. Transplanting and Planting: Choose well-drained fields. After deep plowing, add lime powder (50 kg / mu) to adjust the pH to 5.0. Plant in holes 30 cm deep, with a row spacing of 1.5 m and a plant spacing of 0.5 m. Fill the holes with a substrate (30% rapeseed oil residue, 15% urea, 15% chicken manure, 12% cow manure, and human / animal urine) before transplanting, ensuring the roots are spread out. 4. Field Management: When seedlings reach 35 cm in height, pinch off the terminal bud to promote branching and provide support with a trellis. During flowering, spray with a gibberellin-chlorpyrifos compound (10 ppm GA3 + 5 ppm CPPU), repeating the treatment after flowering. During fruiting, thin the fruit to 20-30 grains per spike and increase potassium fertilizer application (20 kg / mu of potassium sulfate) to improve quality. Rain Shelter Cultivation: Construct a transparent plastic film arched greenhouse, 2.5 m high and 3 m wide, to reduce rainwater erosion and lower the incidence of diseases. 5. Pest and Disease Control: Install insect-attracting lamps (wavelength 365nm) to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and combine with rain-sheltered cultivation to prevent downy mildew. Stop using pesticides 7 days before harvest to ensure fruit safety. Biological control: Release predatory mites (such as Chilean phytosei mite) to control spider mites and reduce the amount of chemical agents used. Comparative Example 1: Traditional Gibberellin Treatment Technology 1. Seed Treatment: No special pretreatment is required; use naturally matured seeds or cuttings directly. Seeds can be treated with quicklime to adjust pH before sowing, but there are no measures to enhance germination rate, such as ultrasonic activation. 2. Growth Regulator Application: Gibberellin (GA) Single-agent treatment: Dip flower spikes in 100ppm gibberellin 2 weeks before full bloom, and repeat the treatment 10-15 days after full bloom at a concentration of 25-50ppm. Streptomycin (400ppm) can be added to reduce fruit stalk hardening, but it is prone to causing phytotoxicity. Strict timing of treatment: Avoid high temperatures (>30℃) and rainy days; otherwise, re-spraying is necessary. Prepare the solution immediately before use; the effective period is only 5 days. 3. Substrate and Cultivation Management: Substrate formula: Conventional peat moss + chicken manure (no precise ratio), unstable pH, poor water retention, easily leading to restricted root development. Trellising and Pruning: Traditional V-shaped trellis is used, with a plant spacing of 0.5-1m. Operations such as bud removal (when 4-5 leaves have unfolded), pinching (4-5 days before full bloom), and flower and fruit thinning (leaving 20-30 fruits per spike) are required, resulting in high labor costs.Fertilizer and water management: Foliar spraying with 0.2% borax + 0.3% urea during flowering, and topdressing with potassium fertilizer during the young fruit stage, but a precise integrated water and fertilizer system is lacking. Comparative Example 2: Triploid breeding technology 1. Seed treatment and breeding process Chromosome doubling: Crossing a diploid maternal parent with a tetraploid paternal parent (e.g., Flame Seedless × Kyoho), or inducing triploidy with colchicine. Breeding cycle 8-12 years, with a risk of chromosome aberration (abnormality rate 30%). Asexual reproduction: Retaining seedless characteristics through cuttings or grafting (e.g., 5BB rootstock), fruiting 2 years after planting. 2. Application of growth regulators Gibberellin to assist fruit setting: Spraying 20-50ppm gibberellin during flowering to inhibit seed development, and compounding with CPPU (5ppm) during the young fruit stage to promote cell division, with a seedless rate >90%, but precise concentration control is required. Supporting agents: Spraying streptomycin 10 days after full bloom to prevent fruit drop, but it easily causes fruit stalk brittleness. 3. Substrate and Cultivation Management: Rootstock Selection: Use 1103P rootstock in alkaline soils to enhance stress resistance. There is no specific substrate ratio; substrate selection relies on soil pH adjustment. Trellising and Pruning: Use horizontal or H-shaped trellises with a row spacing of 2-3 meters. Thinning of flowers and fruits (20 grains per cluster) and controlled yield cultivation (≤1500 kg / mu) are necessary. Rain-sheltered cultivation should be used to prevent downy mildew. Fertilizer and Water Management: Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days during fruit enlargement. Stop fertilizing and control watering 15 days before harvest, but a precision irrigation system is lacking.

[0015] The actual planting effects of the above three planting techniques are as follows:

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] The analysis of this data table is as follows:

[0019] 1. Innovative Breakthrough in Seed Treatment Technology

[0020] Example: A quicklime-distilled water activation method (soaking at 10-12℃ for 2-3 days) combined with 40kHz ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes increased seed germination rate to 85%-90% and enhanced embryo resistance. This technology activates seed dormancy by adjusting the pH to 8.0-8.5, and ultrasonic waves enhance cell membrane permeability, promoting nutrient absorption, thus solving the problems of high seed dormancy and low germination rates in traditional techniques. Comparative Example 1: Relying solely on naturally matured seeds or simple quicklime dressing without activation treatment resulted in a germination rate of only 60%-70%, and the seeds were susceptible to microbial growth. Comparative Example 2: Seedless production was achieved by inducing chromosome doubling through colchicine, but this carried the risk of chromosomal aberrations (30% aberration rate), and the breeding cycle was long (8-12 years), resulting in low efficiency. 2. Example of Synergistic Effect Mechanism of Growth Regulators: A golden ratio of gibberellin (GA3 10ppm) + chlorpyrifos (CPPU 5ppm) + sodium tungstate (0.1ppm) was used to inhibit ABA synthase activity, blocking ovule development while simultaneously promoting ovary wall enlargement and cell division. This combination resulted in a seedless rate >95%, berry weight gain of 20%-30%, a 40% reduction in rachis hardening rate, and an extended shelf life of 15 days. Comparative Example 1: Using only gibberellin (100ppm dip + 25-50ppm re-spray) easily led to problems such as a rachis hardening rate >60% and a fruit drop rate of 15%-20%, and required the addition of streptomycin, increasing the risk of phytotoxicity. Comparative Example 2: Relying on gibberellin (20-50ppm) + CPPU (5ppm) to assist fruit setting, although the seedless rate was >90%, it had drawbacks such as concentration sensitivity leading to phytotoxicity and a 7-10 day delay in maturity. 3. Example of Systematic Optimization of Substrate and Cultivation Management: A precise substrate formula of 40% peat moss + 30% well-rotted chicken manure + 5% biochar was adopted, with a stable pH of 5.0-5.5 and water retention of 60%-70%. Combined with H-shaped trellis training (main vine spacing 1.5m, fruiting branch spacing 0.5m) and rain-sheltered cultivation, photosynthetic efficiency was increased by 20%, disease incidence was reduced by 30%, and yield was stabilized at over 1500 kg / mu. Comparative Example 1: The substrate formula lacked precise proportions, resulting in large pH fluctuations and poor water retention, which limited root development and yields of only 800-1200 kg / mu with significant fluctuations. Comparative Example 2: This method relied on rootstock soil adaptability, lacked a special substrate formula, had a long cultivation cycle (8-12 years of breeding + 2 years of fruiting), and its resistance depended on rootstock selection, resulting in high management costs.

[0021] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A seedless grape cultivation technology, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Seed pretreatment: Naturally mature large grape seeds were selected and activated using a quicklime-distilled water method, followed by ultrasonic-assisted treatment. The quicklime-distilled water activation method involved mixing the seeds with quicklime at a weight ratio of 1:5, soaking them in distilled water at 10-12℃ for 2-3 days, removing the skins, and then mixing them with wood ash and milk at a volume ratio of 3:2:

1. The mixture was then fermented at 25-28℃ for 3-5 days. Ultrasonic-assisted treatment involved subjecting the fermented seeds to 40kHz ultrasound for 15 minutes. Growth regulator formulation: A compound of gibberellin (GA3, 10ppm) and chlorpyrifos (CPPU, 5ppm) was used, with the addition of sodium tungstate (0.1ppm). The flower spikes were dipped twice, 3-5 days before flowering and 5 days after flowering. Substrate optimization: The potting soil consisted of peat moss powder (40%), well-rotted chicken manure (30%), and compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 10%). The substrate is composed of 15:15:15 (15%) and carbendazim (1000 times dilution). The substrate is sterilized by refrigeration at 5-8℃ for 1-2 months, the pH value is adjusted to 5.0-5.5, and perlite (10%) and biochar (5%) are added. Cultivation management: H-shaped trellis is adopted, with a main vine spacing of 1.5m and a fruiting branch spacing of 0.5m, combined with rain-sheltered cultivation. During the fruit enlargement period, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves every 10 days. Fertilizer and water are stopped 15 days before harvest. The drip irrigation system uses pressure-compensating drippers.

2. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the seed pretreatment, quicklime is used to adjust the pH to 8.0-8.5, and the fermentation process produces lactic acid bacteria and yeast to enhance the stress resistance of the embryo. Ultrasonic treatment enhances cell membrane permeability, thereby increasing the germination rate to 85%-90%.

3. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned growth regulator compound, the golden ratio of gibberellin and chlorpyrifos blocks ovule development by inhibiting ABA synthase activity, gibberellin promotes ovary wall expansion, chlorpyrifos enhances cell division activity, and sodium tungstate enhances gibberellin stability by inhibiting phosphatase activity, thus prolonging the efficacy to 7-10 days.

4. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the matrix optimization, the multi-level matrix ratio system ensures no pathogen residue through cold storage disinfection and carbendazim sterilization, adds perlite to enhance air permeability, and biochar adsorbs heavy metal ions through its porous structure and improves water retention to 60%-70%.

5. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cultivation management, the H-shaped trellis improves light distribution and increases photosynthetic efficiency by 20%. Rain-sheltered cultivation is covered with transparent plastic film, which reduces the amount of pesticides used by 30% and prevents diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew.

6. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the seed pretreatment step, the selected grape seeds are those of mainstream grape varieties such as Kyoho and Sunshine Rose.

7. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the compounding step of the growth regulator, the compounding agent is applied 3-5 days before flowering and 5 days after flowering, and the flower spikes are dipped twice to ensure the seedless rate and fruit weight gain effect.

8. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the substrate optimization step, the culture soil is refrigerated and sterilized for 1-2 months. After refrigeration and sterilization, perlite and biochar are added and the pH value is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 before it is used to cultivate grape seedlings.

9. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cultivation management steps, precise water and fertilizer management is combined with operations during the fruit enlargement period and before harvest to increase the glucose content to 18-20 Brix, while the drip irrigation system ensures that water and fertilizer are evenly distributed and reduces waste.

10. The seedless grape cultivation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, This technology is applicable to both open-field and greenhouse cultivation, and can achieve a seedless rate of >95%, increase fruit weight by 20%-30%, reduce the hardening rate of rachis by 40%, extend shelf life to 15 days, reduce fruit drop rate to below 5%, reduce gibberellin usage by 50%, shorten the cultivation cycle to 2 years before fruiting, stabilize the yield at over 1500 kg per mu, and increase economic benefits by over 30%.

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