A quartz ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method before flotation

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of quartz flotation technology, specifically to an ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method for quartz flotation. The device includes a vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity, an additive assembly, a vibration isolation assembly, a primary central guide pipe, a secondary central guide pipe, a feed inlet, an overflow outlet, and a coarse sand discharge outlet. The vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity integrates ultrasonic desliming, acid scrubbing, and graded overflow processes, eliminating the need for pumps and pipelines to transport slurry, significantly reducing infrastructure investment and operating energy consumption. It also eliminates secondary fine mud contamination during slurry transportation, achieving fully automated continuous operation and significantly improving large-scale production efficiency. The side flow holes of the primary central guide pipe can discharge ultrasonically stripped fine mud particles in advance, preventing fine mud from entering the acid scrubbing zone and causing secondary adhesion. Ultrasonic cavitation stripping of the mud film combined with deep acid scrubbing thoroughly removes impurities and residual mud film from the surface of quartz particles, providing high-quality raw materials for subsequent flotation purification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quartz flotation technology, specifically to an ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method for quartz flotation. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, quartz is a core raw material for strategic industries such as photovoltaic glass, semiconductor wafers, and high-purity quartz products. Flotation purification is a key process for preparing high-grade quartz sand, while desliming and scrubbing pretreatment before flotation are the core links that determine the flotation efficiency and the purity of the final product. Ultrasonic desliming combined with acid scrubbing has become the mainstream technical route for quartz pretreatment due to its good desliming effect and thorough removal of impurities.

[0003] Traditional pretreatment units generally adopt a separate layout of ultrasonic desliming, acid scrubbing, and staged overflow equipment. The slurry is transferred between each process via pumps and pipelines, which significantly increases infrastructure investment and equipment operating energy consumption. Moreover, the slurry is subjected to shearing action by the pump impeller during pipeline transportation, generating a large amount of secondary fine mud and causing secondary mud pollution. At the same time, the connection between the processes is not continuous, and the slurry transfer requires manual monitoring and control, making it impossible to achieve integrated continuous operation of the entire process, which seriously restricts the efficiency of large-scale production. Even if some units attempt to integrate multiple processes into a single cavity, they do not have reasonable vibration isolation design for different functional areas. The ultrasonic desliming zone and the acid scrubbing zone are directly connected, and the mechanical vibration generated by stirring and scrubbing will be continuously transmitted to the ultrasonic desliming zone, interfering with the stable generation of ultrasonic cavitation effect, resulting in incomplete removal of mud film on the surface of quartz particles. Conversely, the high-frequency vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer during operation will also be transmitted to the stirring shaft and bearing components, aggravating mechanical wear. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem to be solved: In order to overcome the problems of traditional independent equipment layout and lack of reasonable vibration isolation design for different functional areas in existing ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment devices and methods before quartz flotation, this invention provides an ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method before quartz flotation.

[0005] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method for quartz flotation, comprising: A vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity, wherein the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity is sequentially integrated from top to bottom with an ultrasonic desliming zone, an acidic scrubbing zone and a graded overflow zone; An additional component is installed on the side of the acid scrubbing area; A vibration isolation assembly is installed between the ultrasonic desliming zone and the acid scrubbing zone; A primary central guide pipe connects the ultrasonic desliming zone and the acid scrubbing zone. The upper wall of the primary central guide pipe is provided with a side flow hole, which directly connects the ultrasonic desliming zone and the staged overflow zone. A secondary central guide tube connects the acid scrubbing zone and the staged overflow zone; The feed inlet is located at the top of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity and is connected to the ultrasonic desliming zone. An overflow outlet is provided on the upper part of the sidewall of the graded overflow zone; and A coarse sand discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the graded overflow zone.

[0006] Preferably, the side flow holes of the primary central guide tube are evenly distributed on its upper tube wall, in the area between the bottom of the ultrasonic desliming zone and the upper vibration isolation plate, and are equidistant along the circumferential direction, and the inner wall of the side flow holes smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the primary central guide tube.

[0007] Furthermore, the addition component includes an acidic agent addition port located on the upper side wall of the acidic scrubbing area. A porous distributor is installed inside the acidic agent addition port. The porous distributor has multiple small holes and is threadedly connected to the acidic agent addition port, allowing for detachment and cleaning.

[0008] Furthermore, an inverted conical overflow weir is installed on the upper part of the sidewall of the graded overflow zone, and the overflow outlet is located at the top of the inverted conical overflow weir.

[0009] In a further embodiment, a conical throttle valve is installed at the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe. The valve stem of the conical throttle valve is rotatable and adjustable. By rotating the valve stem, the diameter of the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe is changed, thereby controlling the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone.

[0010] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the inner wall of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity is lined with acid-resistant and wear-resistant alumina ceramic sheets. The alumina ceramic sheets are installed using dovetail groove embedding. The cavity flange connection is sealed with a combination of multiple V-shaped fluororubber sealing rings and polytetrafluoroethylene retaining rings.

[0011] Further, based on the aforementioned scheme, the vibration isolation assembly includes an upper vibration isolation plate fixedly disposed between the ultrasonic desliming zone and the acid scrubbing zone, and a lower vibration isolation plate disposed between the acid scrubbing zone and the graded overflow zone. Both the upper and lower vibration isolation plates adopt a three-layer composite structure of stainless steel substrate, butyl rubber damping layer, and polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer. The two vibration isolation plates form a closed annular damping liquid cavity with the inner wall of the cavity, and the annular damping liquid cavity is filled with dimethyl silicone oil.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the annular damping fluid cavity is connected to the external atmosphere through multiple evenly distributed elastic bellows. The elastic bellows are made of stainless steel, with one end welded to the inside of the annular damping fluid cavity and the other end connected to the external atmosphere, and the connection is sealed.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, multiple ultrasonic transducers are arranged in a multi-layered annular array on the outer side of the ultrasonic desliming zone cylinder wall. Each ultrasonic transducer is mounted on a steel structure support outside the cavity through an independent spring damper, and has no rigid contact with the wall of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity. A stirring shaft is provided in the acid scrubbing zone, and the stirring shaft only passes through the bottom of the acid scrubbing zone and does not enter the ultrasonic desliming zone and the graded overflow zone.

[0014] A method for ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment before quartz flotation includes the following steps: S1: The raw slurry enters the ultrasonic desliming zone through the feed inlet at the top of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity. Under the action of ultrasonic cavitation, the mud film on the surface of the quartz particles is peeled off to form fine mud particles. Most of the slurry enters the acid scrubbing zone through the upper opening of the primary central guide pipe under the action of gravity. The fine mud particles with lower density float upward, and some fine mud directly enters the classification overflow zone through the side flow hole at the top of the primary central guide pipe. S2: The slurry entering the acid scrubbing zone is mixed with the acid reagent added from the acid reagent addition port, and acid scrubbing is carried out under the action of stirring to further remove impurities and residual mud film on the surface of quartz particles. S3: After scrubbing, the slurry flows by gravity into the classification overflow zone through the secondary central guide pipe. Fine mud particles in the slurry are discharged from the overflow outlet with the overflow, while qualified quartz sand particles with higher density settle downwards and are discharged from the coarse sand discharge outlet at the bottom and directly enter the subsequent flotation process. S4: Based on the properties of the slurry and the required scrubbing effect, the valve stem of the rotary cone throttle valve is adjusted to control the diameter of the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe, thereby controlling the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method for quartz flotation: 1. The vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity integrates the entire process of ultrasonic desliming, acid scrubbing and graded overflow, eliminating the need for pumps and pipelines to transfer slurry, significantly reducing infrastructure investment and operating energy consumption, eliminating secondary fine mud pollution during slurry transportation, realizing fully automated continuous operation, and significantly improving the efficiency of large-scale production.

[0016] 2. The side flow holes of the primary central guide tube can discharge the fine mud particles stripped by ultrasonic stripping in advance, avoiding the fine mud from entering the acid scrubbing zone and causing secondary adhesion. The ultrasonic cavitation stripping of the mud film combined with the deep scrubbing by acid reagents has a dual effect to thoroughly remove impurities and residual mud film from the surface of quartz particles, providing high-quality raw materials for subsequent flotation purification.

[0017] 3. The three-layer composite vibration isolation plate, combined with the annular damping liquid cavity filled with dimethyl silicone oil and the independent spring vibration reduction installation of the ultrasonic transducer, realizes the vibration isolation between the ultrasonic desliming zone and the acid scrubbing zone. This not only avoids the interference of stirring vibration with the ultrasonic cavitation effect, but also prevents the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration from aggravating the wear of the stirring components, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of each process.

[0018] 4. The conical throttle valve can precisely adjust the diameter of the secondary central guide pipe, flexibly control the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone, and the porous distributor can achieve uniform dispersion of acid reagents. The process parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to different slurry properties and pretreatment requirements to adapt to the pretreatment needs of multi-grade quartz ore.

[0019] 5. The inner wall of the cavity is lined with acid-resistant and wear-resistant alumina ceramic sheets, and the flange adopts a multi-layer composite sealing structure, which can withstand the corrosion and particle wear of acidic mineral slurry for a long time, greatly extending the service life of the equipment, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and adapting to the large-scale continuous production needs of photovoltaic glass and semiconductor wafer high-purity quartz sand. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the acidic agent addition port of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower vibration isolation plate of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point A; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic transducer of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified view of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the inverted conical overflow weir of the present invention; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point C; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the conical throttle valve of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic desliming zone of the present invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point D.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity; 2. Ultrasonic desliming zone; 3. Acid scrubbing zone; 4. Staged overflow zone; 5. Primary central guide pipe; 6. Side flow hole; 7. Secondary central guide pipe; 8. Feed inlet; 9. Overflow port; 10. Coarse sand discharge port; 11. Acid reagent addition port; 12. Porous distributor; 13. Inverted conical overflow weir; 14. Conical throttle valve; 15. Alumina ceramic disc; 16. Dovetail groove; 17. Rubber sealing ring; 18. Retaining ring; 19. Upper vibration isolation plate; 20. Lower vibration isolation plate; 21. Elastic bellows; 22. Ultrasonic transducer; 23. Spring vibration damper; 24. Steel structure support; 25. Stirring shaft; 26. Addition component; 27. Vibration isolation component. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See Figures 1-12 An ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method for quartz flotation includes a vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity 1. The cavity integrates an ultrasonic desliming zone 2, an acid scrubbing zone 3, and a classification overflow zone 4 from top to bottom. A primary central guide pipe 5 and a secondary central guide pipe 7 are coaxially arranged inside the cavity. A feed inlet 8 is opened at the top center. An overflow outlet 9 is opened on the upper side wall of the classification overflow zone 4. A coarse sand discharge outlet 10 is provided at the bottom center.

[0024] The three core processes are integrated into a single sealed cavity, eliminating the need for pump transportation and pipeline connections between processes. This helps reduce infrastructure investment and equipment operating energy consumption, while also avoiding secondary fine mud pollution caused by pump impeller shearing during slurry transportation. This facilitates fully automated continuous operation and improves the efficiency of large-scale production of quartz sand pretreatment.

[0025] The ultrasonic desliming zone 2 mainly utilizes the high-energy micro-jet and shock wave generated by ultrasonic cavitation effect to peel off the mud film and loose impurities attached to the surface of quartz particles, completing the initial desliming. The acid scrubbing zone 3 uses the chemical dissolution effect of acidic agents and the physical friction effect of mechanical stirring to deeply remove residual mud film, iron oxide, aluminum oxide and other impurities from the surface of quartz particles. The classification overflow zone 4 uses the principle of gravity sedimentation to classify fine mud particles and qualified quartz sand particles, and discharges fine mud tailings and qualified quartz sand products respectively.

[0026] The primary central guide pipe 5 connects the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and the acid scrubbing zone 3, guiding most of the slurry to flow into the scrubbing process by gravity. The secondary central guide pipe 7 connects the acid scrubbing zone 3 and the classification overflow zone 4, guiding the slurry after scrubbing to flow into the classification process by gravity.

[0027] The feed inlet 8 provides a channel for the raw slurry to enter the cavity, which helps the slurry to be evenly distributed in the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and reduces the deviation. The overflow outlet 9 is used to continuously discharge the fine mud particles and wastewater after classification. The coarse sand discharge outlet 10 is used to continuously discharge qualified quartz sand particles, which can be directly sent to the subsequent flotation purification process to realize the connection between processes.

[0028] The primary central guide tube 5 is vertically fixed on the central axis of the cavity, with its upper end extending to the lower middle part of the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and its lower end extending to the upper middle part of the acid scrubbing zone 3, forming an annular slurry channel between the tube wall and the cavity wall.

[0029] The upper wall of the primary central guide pipe 5 is provided with a side flow hole 6, which directly connects the annular channel between the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and the staged overflow zone 4.

[0030] Side flow holes 6 are evenly distributed on the upper wall of the primary central guide pipe 5, located in the area between the bottom of the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and the upper vibration isolation plate 19, and are equidistant along the circumferential direction. The inner wall of the side flow holes 6 and the inner wall of the primary central guide pipe 5 are smoothly connected without obvious sharp edges or protruding structures.

[0031] The side flow hole 6 utilizes the density difference between fine mud particles and quartz sand particles to achieve the early separation and discharge of fine mud. In the ultrasonic desliming zone 2, the less dense fine mud particles float upward under the action of buoyancy. When they reach the height of the side flow hole 6, they will directly enter the classification overflow zone 4 with part of the slurry through the side flow hole 6, without having to pass through the acid scrubbing zone 3. This can reduce the possibility of fine mud re-adhering to the surface of quartz particles and forming a secondary mud film under the action of stirring and shearing after entering the scrubbing zone, which helps to improve the desliming effect and the purity of the final product.

[0032] Meanwhile, removing fine sludge in advance can also reduce the treatment load of acid scrubbing zone 3, reduce the consumption of acidic agents and stirring energy, and improve the overall operating economy of the unit.

[0033] An acidic agent addition port 11 is provided on the upper side wall of the acidic scrubbing zone 3. The position of the addition port is higher than the top of the stirring blades, so that the agent can be quickly diffused to the entire scrubbing zone under the action of stirring after being added.

[0034] A porous distributor 12 is installed inside the acidic agent addition port 11. The distributor has multiple evenly arranged small holes. The porous distributor 12 is threadedly connected to the acidic agent addition port 11 and can be disassembled for cleaning.

[0035] The acid reagent addition port 11 provides a stable channel for adding the acid reagent, and the porous distributor 12 can disperse the acid reagent into multiple fine liquid streams and spray them evenly into the slurry, alleviating the problem of excessively high or low local concentration of the reagent, allowing most of the quartz particles to fully contact and react with the reagent, and improving the uniformity and effect of acid scrubbing.

[0036] The detachable design of the threaded connection means that when the distributor is blocked by impurities in the slurry or reagent crystals, the staff does not need to stop the machine and disassemble the entire device. They can simply unscrew the distributor for cleaning or replacement, which helps to reduce the difficulty of equipment maintenance and downtime.

[0037] An inverted conical overflow weir 13 is installed on the upper side wall of the graded overflow zone 4, and the overflow outlet 9 is located at the top of the inverted conical overflow weir 13.

[0038] The cone surface of the inverted conical overflow weir 13 is precision machined, with a smooth and flat surface and basically consistent edge height.

[0039] The inverted conical overflow weir 13 helps to form a stable and uniform overflow liquid surface, reducing the impact of liquid surface fluctuations on the classification accuracy. At the same time, the inverted conical structure can increase the effective overflow area, improve the discharge capacity of fine mud particles, and reduce the probability of fine mud accumulating in the classification overflow zone 4.

[0040] The equal-height design of the overflow weir edge allows the overflow to be evenly distributed around the entire weir, reducing the phenomenon of short-circuit flow due to excessive local overflow, which helps to improve classification efficiency and product quality.

[0041] The coarse sand discharge port 10 is located at the bottom center of the graded overflow zone 4. An adjustment mechanism is installed at the discharge port to flexibly adjust the sand discharge speed according to the slurry processing volume and the graded effect, so as to maintain the liquid level in the graded overflow zone 4 relatively stable and provide better environmental conditions for gravity classification.

[0042] A conical throttle valve 14 is installed at the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe 7. The valve stem of the conical throttle valve 14 extends to the outside of the cavity and can be adjusted by rotating the valve stem.

[0043] The conical throttle valve 14 adjusts the outlet diameter by changing the gap between the valve head and the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe 7, thereby controlling the speed at which the slurry flows from the acid scrubbing zone 3 into the classification overflow zone 4, and thus regulating the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone 3.

[0044] When the impurity content in the raw ore slurry is high and the mud film is thick, the flow rate can be reduced to extend the slurry washing time, making it easier for impurities and mud film to be fully removed. When the raw ore slurry quality is good and the impurity content is low, the flow rate can be increased to shorten the washing time and increase the processing capacity of the device.

[0045] This flexible and adjustable design allows the device to adapt to the pretreatment needs of quartz ore of different grades and properties, thus improving the device's versatility and adaptability.

[0046] The inner wall of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity 1 is fully lined with acid-resistant and wear-resistant alumina ceramic sheets 15, which are installed using a dovetail groove 16 embedded method.

[0047] The ceramic sheet has a dovetail-shaped protrusion on its back and a corresponding dovetail-shaped groove on the cavity wall. The ceramic sheet is bonded to the cavity wall with a special high-temperature and acid-resistant adhesive. At the same time, the mechanical anchoring effect of the dovetail groove 16 can provide additional bonding force and reduce the risk of the ceramic sheet falling off under long-term scouring of the slurry.

[0048] Alumina ceramic sheet 15 has good acid corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and can withstand the chemical corrosion of acidic mineral slurry and the mechanical erosion of quartz particles, which helps to extend the service life of the cavity.

[0049] Compared to traditional stainless steel cavities or adhesive ceramic liners, this embedded ceramic liner offers a significantly longer service life, reducing equipment replacement and maintenance costs.

[0050] The flange connection of the cavity adopts a combination sealing structure of multiple V-type fluororubber sealing rings 17 and polytetrafluoroethylene retaining rings 18.

[0051] Multiple V-shaped sealing rings are arranged sequentially along the flange axis, with the lips of the sealing rings facing the slurry side. Under the pressure of the slurry, the lips of the sealing rings will further adhere to the flange surface. The higher the pressure, the better the sealing effect, forming a self-tightening seal.

[0052] The PTFE retaining ring 18 is set on the outside of each sealing ring, which can prevent quartz particles from entering the sealing surface of the sealing ring, reduce the wear of hard quartz particles on the sealing ring lip, and extend the service life of the sealing ring.

[0053] This composite sealing structure can reduce the probability of acidic slurry leaking from the flange connection, reduce environmental pollution and equipment corrosion caused by slurry leakage, and help ensure the safe and stable operation of the production process.

[0054] To alleviate the vibration interference between the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and the acid scrubbing zone 3 in the integrated cavity, this device is designed with a composite vibration isolation system consisting of a three-layer composite vibration isolation plate, an annular damping liquid cavity, an elastic bellows 21, and an independent vibration damping support for the ultrasonic transducer 22, which helps to effectively decouple the energy of the three functional zones.

[0055] An upper vibration isolation plate 19 is installed between the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and the acid scrubbing zone 3, and a lower vibration isolation plate 20 is installed between the acid scrubbing zone 3 and the graded overflow zone 4. Both vibration isolation plates adopt a three-layer composite structure, which consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer, a butyl rubber damping layer, and a stainless steel substrate, from the side closest to the slurry to the side furthest from the slurry.

[0056] The stainless steel substrate has high strength and rigidity, which can withstand the pressure and weight of the slurry, ensuring the structural stability of the vibration isolation plate and preventing significant deformation. The butyl rubber damping layer has good damping performance, which can convert vibration energy into heat energy and dissipate it, greatly reducing the intensity of vibration. The polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer has a low coefficient of friction and good acid and wear resistance, which can withstand long-term scouring and wear of the slurry and extend the service life of the vibration isolation plate.

[0057] The edges of the two vibration isolation plates are sealed and welded to the inner wall of the cavity, dividing the internal space of the cavity into three relatively independent functional areas, while blocking the solid transmission path of vibration through the cavity wall.

[0058] The two vibration isolation plates form a closed annular space between themselves and the inner wall of the cavity, namely the annular damping liquid cavity, which is filled with a certain amount of dimethyl silicone oil.

[0059] Dimethyl silicone oil has good viscosity damping properties, chemical stability and temperature adaptability. When the stirring vibration of the acid scrubbing zone 3 is transmitted to the vibration isolation plate through the slurry, it will cause the silicone oil in the damping liquid cavity to fluctuate. The viscosity of the silicone oil will hinder the propagation of the fluctuation and dissipate most of the liquid vibration energy, thereby blocking the vibration transmission path through the slurry.

[0060] The damping fluid filling volume is optimized to ensure sufficient damping effect while leaving room for volume expansion caused by temperature changes.

[0061] The annular damping fluid chamber is connected to the external atmosphere through multiple elastic bellows 21 evenly distributed on the side wall of the chamber. The bellows are made of acid-resistant stainless steel and have good elasticity and extensibility.

[0062] When the damping fluid expands in volume due to the increase in ambient temperature or slurry temperature, the bellows will be compressed to absorb the expansion. When the temperature decreases and the volume shrinks, the bellows will extend to make up for the volume change, thereby maintaining the relative pressure balance inside the damping fluid cavity. This reduces the possibility of deformation of the vibration isolation plate or failure of the seal due to excessive pressure. At the same time, it can also prevent air from entering the damping fluid cavity and generating bubbles, which would affect the damping effect.

[0063] The outer side of the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 has multiple sets of ultrasonic transducers 22 arranged in a multi-layer ring array. Each transducer is mounted on a steel structure support 24 outside the cavity through an independent spring damper 23, and has no rigid contact with the cavity wall.

[0064] The stiffness of the spring damper 23 is matched and designed to effectively attenuate the minute vibrations transmitted through the steel structure support 24. This helps the ultrasonic transducer 22 to always work at a relatively stable resonant frequency, reduces frequency shift caused by stirring vibration, and improves ultrasonic cavitation efficiency and desliming effect.

[0065] At the same time, this independent installation method can also reduce the transmission of high-frequency vibrations of the ultrasonic transducer 22 to the cavity and stirring system, reduce the wear of components such as the stirring shaft 25 and bearings, and extend the overall service life of the equipment.

[0066] The steel structure support 24 adopts an independent foundation design, which is separated from the cavity foundation, further blocking the transmission path of vibration.

[0067] A stirring shaft 25 and stirring blades are installed in the acid scrubbing zone 3. The stirring shaft 25 only passes through the bottom of the acid scrubbing zone 3 and does not enter the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and the graded overflow zone 4, thus reducing the number of sealing points and vibration transmission paths.

[0068] The bottom of the stirring shaft 25 is connected to an external drive motor through a sealing seat. The sealing seat adopts a combined sealing structure of double-end mechanical seal and packing seal.

[0069] The double-end mechanical seal serves as the main seal, consisting of two sets of sealing end faces. Circulating sealing fluid is introduced into the sealing cavity to provide lubrication, cooling, and sealing. It can provide a relatively reliable sealing effect under high pressure and acidic environments. The packing seal serves as an auxiliary seal, located on the outside of the mechanical seal. It plays a secondary sealing role when the mechanical seal experiences minor leakage, further improving the reliability of the seal.

[0070] Multiple sets of stirring blades are installed on the stirring shaft 25. The blades adopt an inclined design, which can generate a composite flow field of axial and radial directions, so that the slurry forms a circulating flow in the scrubbing zone. This not only helps the acid reagent and the slurry to mix thoroughly, but also causes collisions and friction between quartz particles, which helps to remove residual mud film and impurities from the surface.

[0071] The blade surface is lined with acid-resistant and wear-resistant alumina ceramic sheets 15, which are the same as those on the inner wall of the cavity, which can improve the wear resistance of the blade and extend its service life.

[0072] The stirring speed can be adjusted by an external frequency converter, which can flexibly adjust the stirring intensity according to the concentration and properties of the slurry, ensuring the scrubbing effect while reducing the over-grinding of particles.

[0073] First, refer to Figure 2 In this embodiment, the three core processes are integrated into a single vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity 1. The slurry is transferred by gravity through the primary central guide pipe 5 and the secondary central guide pipe 7, eliminating the need for additional intermediate pumps and pipelines. This effectively avoids secondary fine mud contamination caused by pump impeller shearing during slurry transportation and also reduces the possibility of removed fine mud re-adhering and forming a secondary mud film during transportation. The entire process can achieve continuous automated operation without the need for frequent manual monitoring and adjustment of parameters such as liquid level and flow rate, which helps to reduce labor costs and improve production efficiency.

[0074] Then, refer to Figure 3 In this embodiment, the side flow hole 6 at the top of the primary central guide pipe 5 can directly guide the fine mud particles floating in the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 into the graded overflow zone 4, discharge the fine mud in advance, reduce the processing load of the acid scrubbing zone 3, and reduce reagent consumption and energy consumption. The high-energy shock wave generated by the ultrasonic cavitation effect can effectively peel off the mud film on the surface of the quartz particles. Combined with the chemical dissolution effect of the acid reagent and the physical friction effect of mechanical stirring, it can more thoroughly remove impurities and residual mud film on the surface of the quartz particles, providing a better quality raw material for subsequent flotation purification.

[0075] Secondly, see Figure 5 In this embodiment, the three-layer composite vibration isolation plate, combined with the annular damping liquid cavity filled with dimethyl silicone oil and the independent spring vibration damping installation of the ultrasonic transducer 22, can effectively isolate the vibration between the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 and the acid scrubbing zone 3.

[0076] This reduces the interference of stirring vibration on the stability of ultrasonic cavitation effect, ensuring the stability of desliming effect, and also reduces the impact of ultrasonic high-frequency vibration on the wear of stirring shaft 25 and bearings, which helps to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0077] The elastic bellows 21 can automatically compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction of the damping fluid, maintain the pressure balance of the liquid chamber, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the vibration isolation system.

[0078] See again Figure 3In this embodiment, the conical throttle valve 14 at the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe 7 can flexibly adjust the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone 3, and the porous distributor 12 in the acid reagent addition port 11 achieves uniform dispersion of the reagent. The process parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to the properties of different slurries and pretreatment requirements.

[0079] The embedded alumina ceramic lining on the inner wall of the cavity and the multi-layer composite sealing structure at the flange can withstand the corrosion and wear of acidic mineral slurry, which helps to extend the service life of the equipment and reduce operation and maintenance costs.

[0080] Finally, see Figure 1 In this embodiment, the entire device adopts a fully enclosed structure design, which reduces the leakage and volatilization of acidic slurry and improves the production environment.

[0081] The equipment has a compact structure, occupies a small area, and requires relatively low infrastructure investment, making it well-suited for the large-scale continuous production needs of photovoltaic glass and high-purity quartz sand for semiconductor wafers.

[0082] Working principle: In the ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device and method for quartz flotation, the prepared raw ore slurry is continuously fed into the ultrasonic desliming zone 2 from the feed port 8 at the top of the chamber. The feed rate is adjusted according to the processing capacity of the device and the slurry concentration to ensure that the slurry has sufficient residence time in the desliming zone.

[0083] The ultrasonic transducer 22 is activated to generate high-frequency ultrasonic waves. When the ultrasonic waves propagate in the slurry, they will generate periodic compression and expansion, forming a large number of microbubbles. After the microbubbles grow to a certain size, they will break down rapidly, generating shock waves and microjets, which is the ultrasonic cavitation effect.

[0084] This process can break the bond between the mud film and the quartz particles, causing the mud film to peel off from the particle surface and form independent fine mud particles.

[0085] Since the density of fine mud particles is much smaller than that of quartz sand particles, they will float upwards under the action of buoyancy. Most of the slurry will flow downwards under the action of gravity and enter the acid scrubbing zone 3 through the upper opening of the primary central guide pipe 5. The fine mud particles that float to the height of the side flow hole 6 will directly enter the graded overflow zone 4 with part of the slurry through the side flow hole 6, thus discharging the fine mud in advance and reducing the possibility of secondary pollution after entering the scrubbing zone.

[0086] The slurry entering the acid scrubbing zone 3 is mixed with the acid reagent added from the acid reagent addition port 11, and the reagent is evenly dispersed in the slurry through the porous distributor 12.

[0087] Start the stirring motor to drive the stirring shaft 25 and stirring blades to rotate, generating a stirring effect so that the slurry and reagents can fully contact and react.

[0088] Acidic agents can dissolve alkaline impurities on the surface of quartz particles and destroy the colloidal structure of the mud film, making it easier for impurities to be peeled off. The turbulence and shear force generated by stirring cause collisions and friction between quartz particles, further removing residual mud film and impurities from the surface.

[0089] The diameter of the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe 7 can be adjusted by rotating the valve stem of the conical throttle valve 14 according to the properties of the slurry and the scrubbing effect, thereby controlling the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone 3 and ensuring the scrubbing effect.

[0090] After scrubbing, the slurry flows by gravity through the secondary central guide pipe 7 into the classification overflow zone 4, where it settles and is classified under gravity.

[0091] Fine mud particles with lower density settle slowly and flow upward with the liquid flow. They are discharged from the top overflow port 9 through the inverted conical overflow weir 13 and enter the subsequent tailings treatment process. Qualified quartz sand particles with higher density settle quickly and settle to the bottom of the classification overflow zone 4. They are continuously discharged through the coarse sand discharge port 10 and sent directly to the subsequent flotation purification process.

[0092] During the classification process, the liquid level in the classification overflow zone 4 is kept relatively stable by adjusting the sand discharge speed of the coarse sand discharge port 10, thus balancing the classification accuracy and the throughput.

[0093] During operation, the upper vibration isolation plate 19 and the lower vibration isolation plate 20 block the solid transmission path of the stirring vibration through the cavity wall. The dimethyl silicone oil in the annular damping liquid cavity dissipates the liquid vibration energy transmitted through the slurry through viscous damping. The elastic bellows 21 compensates for the volume change of the damping liquid caused by temperature changes and maintains the pressure balance of the liquid cavity. The ultrasonic transducer 22 is installed on the steel structure support 24 through the independent spring vibration damper 23 and has no rigid contact with the cavity wall, further attenuating the small vibrations. This achieves effective decoupling of the energy of the three functional areas, and the three areas operate relatively independently, reducing mutual interference and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of each process.

[0094] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation, characterized in that, include: A vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity (1) is provided with an ultrasonic descaling zone (2), an acidic scrubbing zone (3) and a graded overflow zone (4) sequentially from top to bottom. An addendum component (26) is installed on the side of the acidic scrubbing area (3); Vibration isolation component (27), the vibration isolation component (27) is installed between the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) and the acid scrubbing zone (3); A primary central guide pipe (5) is provided, which connects the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) and the acid scrubbing zone (3). The upper wall of the primary central guide pipe (5) is provided with a side flow hole (6), which directly connects the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) and the graded overflow zone (4). Secondary central guide tube (7), which connects the acid scrubbing zone (3) and the graded overflow zone (4); The feed inlet (8) is located at the top of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity (1) and is connected to the ultrasonic desliming zone (2). Overflow outlet (9), said overflow outlet (9) is opened on the upper part of the side wall of the graded overflow zone (4); and Coarse sand discharge port (10) is located at the bottom of the graded overflow zone (4).

2. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side flow holes (6) of the primary central guide pipe (5) are evenly opened on its upper pipe wall, located in the area between the bottom of the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) and the upper vibration isolation plate (19), and are equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction. The inner wall of the side flow holes (6) and the inner wall of the primary central guide pipe (5) are smoothly connected.

3. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The addition component (26) includes an acidic agent addition port (11) opened on the upper side wall of the acidic scrubbing area (3). A porous distributor (12) is installed inside the acidic agent addition port (11). The porous distributor (12) has multiple small holes. The porous distributor (12) and the acidic agent addition port (11) are connected by threads and can be disassembled for cleaning.

4. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 3, characterized in that, An inverted conical overflow weir (13) is installed on the upper side wall of the graded overflow area (4), and the overflow port (9) is located at the top of the inverted conical overflow weir (13).

5. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 4, characterized in that, A conical throttle valve (14) is provided at the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe (7). The valve stem of the conical throttle valve (14) can be rotated and adjusted. By rotating the valve stem, the diameter of the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe (7) can be changed, thereby controlling the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone (3).

6. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity (1) is lined with acid-resistant and wear-resistant alumina ceramic sheet (15). The alumina ceramic sheet (15) is embedded in the dovetail groove (16). The cavity flange connection is sealed by a combination of multiple V-shaped fluororubber sealing rings (17) and polytetrafluoroethylene retaining rings (18).

7. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vibration isolation assembly (27) includes an upper vibration isolation plate (19) fixedly disposed between the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) and the acid scrubbing zone (3), and a lower vibration isolation plate (20) disposed between the acid scrubbing zone (3) and the graded overflow zone (4). Both the upper vibration isolation plate (19) and the lower vibration isolation plate (20) are made of a three-layer composite structure consisting of a stainless steel substrate, a butyl rubber damping layer, and a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer. The two vibration isolation plates form a closed annular damping liquid cavity with the inner wall of the cavity. The annular damping liquid cavity is filled with dimethyl silicone oil.

8. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The annular damping fluid cavity is connected to the external atmosphere through multiple uniformly distributed elastic bellows (21). The elastic bellows (21) are made of stainless steel, with one end welded to the inside of the annular damping fluid cavity and the other end connected to the external atmosphere. The connection is sealed.

9. The ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment device for quartz flotation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer wall of the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) is arranged in a multi-layer ring array with multiple ultrasonic transducers (22). Each ultrasonic transducer (22) is installed on the steel structure support (24) outside the cavity through an independent spring damper (23). It has no rigid contact with the wall of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity (1). A stirring shaft (25) is provided in the acid scrubbing zone (3). The stirring shaft (25) only passes through the bottom of the acid scrubbing zone (3) and does not enter the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) and the graded overflow zone (4).

10. A method for ultrasonic desliming and acid scrubbing pretreatment before quartz flotation according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The raw slurry enters the ultrasonic desliming zone (2) from the feed inlet (8) at the top of the vertical three-section coaxial nested cavity (1). Under the action of ultrasonic cavitation, the mud film on the surface of the quartz particles is peeled off to form fine mud particles. Most of the slurry enters the acid scrubbing zone (3) through the upper opening of the primary central guide pipe (5) under the action of gravity. The fine mud particles with lower density float upward, and some fine mud directly enters the graded overflow zone (4) through the side flow hole (6) at the top of the primary central guide pipe (5). S2: The slurry entering the acid scrubbing zone (3) is mixed with the acid reagent added from the acid reagent addition port (11) and acid scrubbing is carried out under the action of stirring to further remove impurities and residual mud film on the surface of quartz particles. S3: After scrubbing, the slurry flows by gravity into the graded overflow zone (4) through the secondary central guide pipe (7). Fine mud particles in the slurry are discharged from the overflow port (9) with the overflow. Qualified quartz sand particles with higher density sink downward and are discharged from the coarse sand discharge port (10) at the bottom and directly enter the subsequent flotation process. S4: Based on the properties of the slurry and the requirements of the scrubbing effect, the valve stem of the rotating conical throttle valve (14) is adjusted to regulate the diameter of the outlet of the secondary central guide pipe (7) to control the residence time of the slurry in the acid scrubbing zone (3).

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