Hydrogen pressure energy recovery system, method, apparatus, and medium for hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

This invention discloses a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system, method, equipment, and medium for a hydrogen fuel cell, belonging to the field of resource scheduling. The system includes: a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, an input valve assembly, an electro-conversion assembly, an energy storage device, a pressure-reducing assembly, an output main valve assembly, and a hydrogen fuel cell. When the pressure at the output of the pressure-reducing assembly exceeds a threshold, the input valve assembly transfers hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the electro-conversion assembly and the output main valve assembly, respectively. When the pressure at the output of the pressure-reducing assembly is less than the threshold, the input valve assembly transfers hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the output main valve assembly. This invention enables the recovery and utilization of hydrogen pressure energy through the electro-conversion assembly, reducing resource waste, improving resource utilization, and avoiding the impact of large amounts of heat generated by the pressure-reducing device on the safety of ship equipment, thus improving the practicality and reliability of the ship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of pressure energy recovery, and more particularly to a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system, method, equipment, and medium for hydrogen fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional ship power sources primarily consist of diesel engines and gas turbines, which, while providing power, also emit large amounts of air pollutants such as sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, causing serious pollution to the environment and atmosphere. To reduce pollution, an increasing number of ships are using hydrogen fuel cells for power generation.

[0003] During the use of hydrogen fuel cells, incomplete reactions of hydrogen and oxygen in the hydrogen fuel cell stack can lead to the generation of large amounts of hydrogen gas. If a direct-emission, non-recirculation mode is used, the unreacted hydrogen is directly released into the atmosphere, resulting in hydrogen waste and environmental pollution. To reduce pollution and waste, one common technology involves storing hydrogen in a high-pressure gaseous form in a cylinder, adjusting the pressure of the cylinder to the pressure required for the hydrogen fuel cell (commonly 1.5 MPa) using a pressure-reducing device, and then reusing it.

[0004] However, the above method has the following technical problems: during the process of directly reducing pressure through the pressure reducing device, a large amount of pressure energy is wasted in the form of heat energy. Not only is the energy utilization efficiency low, but the large amount of heat energy lost will affect the safety of the ship's equipment, resulting in low practicality and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system, method, equipment, and medium for hydrogen fuel cells, which can solve the technical problems of insufficient energy utilization efficiency and safety risks associated with heat loss in existing technologies.

[0006] A first aspect of this invention provides a method for recovering hydrogen pressure energy from a hydrogen fuel cell, the method comprising: High-pressure hydrogen cylinder, input valve assembly, electrical conversion assembly, energy storage device, pressure reducing assembly, output main valve assembly, and hydrogen fuel cell; The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is connected to the input valve assembly, the input valve assembly is connected to the electrical conversion assembly and the pressure reducing assembly respectively, the electrical conversion assembly is connected to the energy storage device, and the pressure reducing assembly is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell through the output main valve assembly; When the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is greater than the threshold, the input valve assembly transmits the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the electrical conversion component and the output main valve assembly respectively; when the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is less than the threshold, the input valve assembly transmits the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the output main valve assembly. The electrical conversion component is used to convert the hydrogen pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder into electrical energy and transmit it to the energy storage device for storage. The output main valve component is used to transmit the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the hydrogen fuel cell for reaction.

[0007] A second aspect of this invention provides a method for recovering hydrogen pressure energy from a hydrogen fuel cell, the method being applicable to the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system of the hydrogen fuel cell described above, the method comprising: When the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is transferred to the hydrogen fuel cell to power the hydrogen fuel cell, the output hydrogen pressure value of the output main valve assembly is obtained. If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, the electrical conversion component is controlled to start, so that the electrical conversion component generates electricity using the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, wherein the preset second output threshold is less than the preset first output threshold.

[0008] Compared to existing technologies, the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system, method, equipment, and medium for hydrogen fuel cells provided in this invention have the following advantages: This invention can include an electrical conversion component. When the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component exceeds a threshold, hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is transferred to both the electrical conversion component and the hydrogen fuel cell. While the hydrogen fuel cell is reacting, the electrical conversion component is controlled to convert the hydrogen pressure energy from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder into electrical energy and store it. The electrical conversion component enables the recovery and utilization of hydrogen pressure energy, reducing resource waste and improving resource utilization. Simultaneously, it avoids the large amount of heat generated by the pressure reducing device affecting the safety of ship equipment, thus improving the practicality and reliability of the ship. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for a hydrogen fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0011] Traditional ship power sources primarily consist of diesel engines and gas turbines, which, while providing power, also emit large amounts of air pollutants such as sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, causing serious pollution to the environment and atmosphere. To reduce pollution, an increasing number of ships are using hydrogen fuel cells for power generation.

[0012] During the use of hydrogen fuel cells, incomplete reactions of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell stack can lead to the generation of large amounts of hydrogen gas. If a direct-emission, non-recirculation mode is used, the unreacted hydrogen is directly released into the atmosphere, resulting in hydrogen waste and environmental pollution. To reduce pollution and waste, one common technology involves storing hydrogen in a high-pressure gaseous form in a cylinder. The pressure in the cylinder is then adjusted to the pressure required by the hydrogen fuel cell (commonly 1.5 MPa) using a pressure-reducing device, allowing the hydrogen to be used for the fuel cell reaction and thus achieving resource reuse.

[0013] However, the above method has the following technical problems: during the process of directly reducing pressure through the pressure reducing device, a large amount of pressure energy is wasted in the form of heat energy. Not only is the energy utilization efficiency low, but the large amount of heat energy lost will affect the safety of the ship's equipment, resulting in low practicality and reliability.

[0014] To address the aforementioned issues, the following specific embodiments will provide a detailed description and explanation of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system, method, equipment, and medium for a hydrogen fuel cell provided in this application.

[0015] To address the technical problems of insufficient energy utilization efficiency and safety risks associated with heat loss in existing technologies, referring to Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural block diagram of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] As an example, the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system of the hydrogen fuel cell may include: a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, an input valve assembly, an electrical conversion assembly, an energy storage device, a pressure reducing assembly, an output main valve assembly, and a hydrogen fuel cell. The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is connected to the input valve assembly, the input valve assembly is connected to the electrical conversion assembly and the pressure reducing assembly respectively, the electrical conversion assembly is connected to the energy storage device, and the pressure reducing assembly is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell through the output main valve assembly; When the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is greater than the threshold, the input valve assembly transmits the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the electrical conversion component and the output main valve assembly respectively; when the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is less than the threshold, the input valve assembly transmits the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the output main valve assembly. The electrical conversion component is used to convert the hydrogen pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder into electrical energy and transmit it to the energy storage device for storage. The output main valve component is used to transmit the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the hydrogen fuel cell for reaction.

[0017] When the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is greater than the threshold, the electrical conversion component and the output main valve component are simultaneously activated, so that the electrical conversion component can convert the hydrogen pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder into electrical energy and transmit it to the energy storage device for storage; and the output main valve component can transmit the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the hydrogen fuel cell for reaction.

[0018] When the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is less than the threshold, the output main valve component and the hydrogen fuel cell are started independently.

[0019] In one embodiment, the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell provided by the present invention can be adjusted according to the real-time pressure value of the pressure reducing component. When the real-time pressure value of the pressure reducing component is less than a threshold, hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is separately transferred to the output main valve component, which then transmits it to the hydrogen fuel cell for reaction. When the real-time pressure value of the pressure reducing component is greater than the threshold, the electrical conversion component is activated, allowing hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to be transferred to the electrical conversion component via the input valve component. The electrical conversion component can convert the hydrogen pressure energy from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder into electrical energy and transmit it to the energy storage device for storage, thereby realizing resource recovery and utilization. Subsequently, the energy storage device and the hydrogen fuel cell can supply power to the load.

[0020] Since the electric conversion component can recover and utilize hydrogen pressure energy, it can reduce resource waste and improve resource utilization. At the same time, it can avoid the large amount of heat energy generated by the decompression device affecting the safety of ship equipment, thus improving the practicality and reliability of the ship.

[0021] Reference Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the electrical conversion assembly includes: a power converter (16), a power generation unit, and a gas supply switch valve (5-3).

[0023] The two ends of the power generation unit are respectively connected to the two ends of the gas supply switch valve (5-3), and the power converter (16) is connected to the power generation unit.

[0024] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 The power generation unit includes: a first remote control valve (5-1), a second remote control valve (5-2), a first flow controller (9-1), a second flow controller (9-2), a first engine (8-1), a second generator (8-2), a first expander (7-1), a second expander (7-2), a first check valve (6-1), a second check valve (6-2), and a third check valve (6-3).

[0025] The first remote control valve (5-1) is connected to the first flow controller (9-1), the second remote control valve (5-2) is connected to the second flow controller (9-2), the first flow controller (9-1) is connected to the first expander (7-1), the first expander (7-1) is connected to the first check valve (6-1), the second flow controller (9-2) is connected to the second check valve (6-2), the second expander (7-2) is connected to the first check valve (6-1) and the second check valve (6-2), the first expander (7-1) is connected to the first engine (8-1), the second expander (7-2) is connected to the second engine (8-2), and the second expander (7-2) is connected to the third check valve (6-3).

[0026] Specifically, the input end of the first remote control valve (5-1) is connected to the output end of the first flow controller (9-1), the input end of the second remote control valve (5-2) is connected to the output end of the second flow controller (9-2), the output end of the first flow controller (9-1) is connected to the air inlet of the first expander (7-1), the air outlet of the first expander (7-1) is connected to the input end of the first check valve (6-1), the output end of the second flow controller (9-2) is connected to the input end of the second check valve (6-2), the output ends of the first check valve (6-1) and the second check valve (6-2) are connected to the air inlet of the second expander (7-2), the output power end of the first expander (7-1) is connected to the input end of the first engine (8-1), the output power end of the second expander (7-2) is connected to the input end of the second engine (8-2), and the air outlet of the second expander (7-2) is connected to the input end of the third check valve (6-3).

[0027] The output terminals of the first engine (8-1) and the second engine (8-2) are connected to the input terminal of the power converter, and the output terminals of the third check valve (6-3) and the gas supply switch valve are connected to the input terminal of the pressure reducing assembly.

[0028] The output end of the input valve assembly is connected to the input end of the first remote control valve (5-1), the input end of the second remote control valve (5-2), and the input end of the gas supply switch valve (5-3), respectively.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the input valve assembly includes: an input sensor unit, a hydrogen cylinder main valve (2), an input check valve (3), and an input filter (4). The input sensor unit, the hydrogen cylinder main valve (2), the input check valve (3), and the input filter (4) are connected in sequence.

[0030] Specifically, the input sensor unit includes an input temperature sensor (20) and an input pressure sensor (12-1). The input temperature sensor (20) and the input pressure sensor (12-1) are connected.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the output main valve assembly includes: a buffer tank (11), a mass flow meter (13), an output main valve (14), and an output pressure sensor (12-2).

[0032] The buffer tank (11), the mass flow meter (13) and the output main valve (14) are connected in sequence, and the buffer tank (11) and the output pressure sensor (12-2) are connected.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the power converter (16) of the power conversion component and the hydrogen fuel cell can be connected to the energy storage device via power lines, and the energy storage device supplies power to the external load.

[0034] Because the above system needs to control the power supply to various valves and equipment, and also needs to detect real-time pressure values, refer to... Figure 2 In one embodiment, the system further includes a control box (15).

[0035] Specifically, the control box (15) is connected to the first remote control valve (5-1), the second remote control valve (5-2), the gas supply switch valve (5-3), the first flow controller (9-1), the second flow controller (9-2), the input pressure sensor (12-1), the output pressure sensor (12-2), the mass flow meter (13), and the input temperature sensor (20), respectively.

[0036] The control box (15) can receive the detection parameters of the input pressure sensor (12-1), the output pressure sensor (12-2), the mass flow meter (13) and the input temperature sensor (20) to control the opening and closing of the first remote control valve (5-1), the second remote control valve (5-2) and the gas supply switch valve (5-3), as well as control the hydrogen flow of the first flow controller (9-1) and the second flow controller (9-2) to supply hydrogen to the engine for power generation.

[0037] It should be noted that the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) is used to store high-pressure hydrogen, typically at a pressure of 35 or 70 MPa. The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder main valve (2) is used to open or close the cylinder, consisting of a manual shut-off valve and a remote control valve connected in series. The inlet check valve (3) is used to prevent hydrogen backflow. The inlet filter (4) is used to remove impurities.

[0038] The input terminals of the first remote control valve (5-1), the second remote control valve (5-2), and the gas supply switch valve (5-3) are used to control the two-stage expansion, the first-stage expansion, and the bypass of hydrogen, and are controlled to open and close by the control box (15).

[0039] The first check valve (6-1), the second check valve (6-2), and the third check valve (6-3) are used to prevent hydrogen backflow.

[0040] The first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) are turbine expanders. After receiving hydrogen, the hydrogen is accelerated through the nozzle to form a high-speed airflow, which impacts the impeller to rotate and do work to generate electricity for the generator.

[0041] The first engine (8-1) and the second generator (8-2) are driven by the first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) and generate electricity.

[0042] The first flow controller (9-1) and the second flow controller (9-2) receive signals from the control box (15) to control the hydrogen mass flow rate, which is the same as the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0043] The pressure reducing assembly (10) can reduce the pressure of hydrogen gas at different pressures to 1.5 MPa to meet the hydrogen inlet pressure requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell (19). The buffer tank (11) is used to store a certain capacity of hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The pressure sensor (12-1) is used to detect the hydrogen outlet pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 and transmit the signal to the control box (15); the pressure sensor (12-2) is used to detect the hydrogen pressure in the buffer tank (11) and transmit the signal to the control box (15).

[0044] A mass flow meter (13) is used to detect the real-time hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell (19) and transmit the signal to the control box (15).

[0045] The output main valve (14) is the main valve of the hydrogen fuel cell, used to open or close the gas supply line. It consists of a manual shut-off valve and a remote control valve connected in series.

[0046] The control box (15) receives signals from the pressure sensor (12-1). When the pressure value is 10-35 MPa, it issues a command to open the first remote control valve (5-1), close the second remote control valve (5-2), and close the air supply switch valve (5-3). At this time, the first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) work simultaneously. It also receives signals from the pressure sensor (12-2). When the pressure value is 5-10 MPa, it issues a command to close the first remote control valve (5-1), open the second remote control valve (5-2), and close the air supply switch valve (5-3). At this time, only the second expander (7-2) works. Furthermore, it receives signals from the pressure sensor (12-2). When the pressure value is less than 5 MPa, it... The command is issued to close the first remote control valve (5-1), close the second remote control valve (5-2), and open the gas supply switch valve (5-3). The hydrogen gas bypasses the first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) and enters the pressure reducing assembly (10) through the bypass. It is used to receive the signal from the pressure sensor (12-1) to confirm whether the hydrogen pressure in the buffer tank (11) is 1.5±0.1MPa. If it exceeds this range, an alarm will be issued. It receives the signal from the mass flow meter (13). When the first flow controller (9-1) is working, it feeds the signal back to the first flow controller (9-1). When the second flow controller (9-2) is working, it feeds the signal back to the second flow controller (9-2).

[0047] The power converter (16) is used to receive electrical energy from the first engine (8-1) and the second generator (8-2), and to charge the energy storage device (17) after the electrical energy is converted and boosted by the internal components of the power converter (16).

[0048] The energy storage device (17) includes batteries, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, etc., for storing electrical energy and can supply power to the DC bus (18).

[0049] The DC bus (18) is used to receive electrical energy from the energy storage device (17) and the hydrogen fuel cell (19) and to supply electrical energy to the load, thereby realizing power supply and distribution control.

[0050] The hydrogen fuel cell (19) generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and supplies power to the DC bus (18).

[0051] Temperature sensor (20) is used to detect the hydrogen outlet temperature of high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 and transmit the signal to control box (15).

[0052] In this embodiment, the present invention provides a hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell. Its advantages are as follows: the present invention can include an electrical conversion component. When the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component exceeds a threshold, the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is transferred to both the electrical conversion component and the hydrogen fuel cell. While the hydrogen fuel cell is reacting, the electrical conversion component is controlled to convert the hydrogen pressure energy from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder into electrical energy and store it. The electrical conversion component enables the recovery and utilization of hydrogen pressure energy, reducing resource waste and improving resource utilization. Simultaneously, it avoids the large amount of heat generated by the pressure reducing device affecting the safety of ship equipment, thus improving the practicality and reliability of the ship.

[0053] Reference Figure 3 The diagram shows a schematic flow chart of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] In one embodiment, the hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for the hydrogen fuel cell is applicable to the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for the hydrogen fuel cell described in the above embodiments.

[0055] Specifically, the hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for the hydrogen fuel cell is applied to the control box of the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for the hydrogen fuel cell described in the above embodiments.

[0056] As an example, the hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for the hydrogen fuel cell may include: S11. When the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is transmitted to the hydrogen fuel cell to power the hydrogen fuel cell, the output hydrogen pressure value of the output main valve assembly is obtained.

[0057] In one embodiment, the main valve (2), gas supply switch valve (5-3), and pressure reducing assembly (10) of the hydrogen cylinder are opened, and the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) is supplied to the buffer tank (11) with hydrogen pressure reduced to 1.5 MPa. When the pressure sensor (12-2) detects that the pressure has reached 1.5 MPa, it sends a signal to the control box (15), and the hydrogen fuel cell is allowed to work.

[0058] In this state, the output main valve (14) opens to supply hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell (19). The mass flow meter (13) detects the hydrogen flow in the pipeline and sends a hydrogen flow signal to the control box (15), which can obtain the output hydrogen pressure value of the output main valve assembly. Specifically, the output hydrogen pressure value can be obtained through the pressure sensor (12-2).

[0059] After receiving the output hydrogen pressure value, the output hydrogen pressure value can be compared with a preset first output threshold (e.g., 10 MPa).

[0060] S12. If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, the electrical conversion component is controlled to start, so that the electrical conversion component generates electricity using the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, wherein the preset second output threshold is less than the preset first output threshold.

[0061] If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold (e.g., 10 Pa), the electrical conversion component can be activated, and hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder can be transferred to the electrical conversion component so that the electrical conversion component can generate electricity using the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold (e.g., 5 Pa), wherein the preset second output threshold is less than the preset first output threshold.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, according to Figure 2 The electricity conversion component is equipped with two generators. To control the two generators to work together, for example, if the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, the electricity conversion component is controlled to start, so that the electricity conversion component uses the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to generate electricity and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold. This can include the following sub-steps: S121. If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than the preset first output threshold, then control the two generators of the electrical conversion component to generate electricity simultaneously and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device.

[0063] S122. If the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset first output threshold, then control one of the generators of the electrical conversion component to generate electricity and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device.

[0064] S123. If the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, then control the electrical conversion component to stop working.

[0065] Specifically, after the main output valve (14) is opened, it can supply gas to the hydrogen fuel cell. The mass flow meter (13) detects the hydrogen flow in the pipeline and sends a hydrogen flow signal to the control box (15). If the output hydrogen pressure value detected by the pressure sensor (12-2) is greater than 10MPa, the first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) can be controlled to work simultaneously.

[0066] Specifically, a signal can be sent to open the first remote control valve (5-1). At this time, the main valve 2 of the hydrogen cylinder is opened, the gas supply switch valve (5-3) is closed, and the pressure reducing component (10) is opened (the pressure reducing component (10) is always in the open state). The hydrogen gas of different pressures can be reduced to 1.5MPa. At the same time, the flow signal is transmitted to the first flow controller (9-1) to provide the first expander (7-1) with the same flow rate of hydrogen gas (pressure P1). The first expander (7-1) drives the first generator (8-1). The hydrogen gas (pressure P2) at the outlet of the first expander (7-1) passes through the first check valve (6-1) and enters the second expander (7-2) to drive the second generator (8-2). The hydrogen gas (pressure P3) at the outlet of the second expander (7-2) passes through the third check valve (6-3), the pressure reducing component (10), the buffer tank (11), the mass flow meter (13), and the output main valve (14) to supply gas to the hydrogen fuel cell (19).

[0067] As the hydrogen fuel cell (19) operates, the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) gradually decreases. The control box (15) continuously receives pressure data from the pressure sensor (12-2) and can send adjustment commands to the nozzles in the first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) to automatically adjust the nozzle opening so that P1 / P2 = P2 / P3 can be basically satisfied, while adapting to the dynamic changes in hydrogen flow rate and pressure.

[0068] When the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) drops to 10 MPa, only the second expander (7-2) operates. At this time, the pressure sensor (12-1) signal received by the control box (15) is lower than 10 MPa, and a command is issued to open the second remote control valve (5-2) and close the first remote control valve (5-1). Hydrogen enters the second expander (7-2), drives the second generator (8-2), and supplies gas to the hydrogen fuel cell (19).

[0069] It should be noted that when the second expander (7-2) is working alone, the gas outlet pressure of the second expander (7-2) is a fixed value of 2MPa, and the inlet pressure of the second expander (7-2) is in the range of 5MPa to 10MPa. The second expander (7-2) and the first expander (7-1) can also adapt to the hydrogen flow rate and change the expansion ratio by adjusting the nozzle opening.

[0070] The first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) can receive flow and pressure signals from the control box (15) and are equipped with automatically adjustable nozzles. According to the internally set program, they can adjust the nozzle opening to adapt to the hydrogen flow rate and change the expansion ratio, thereby improving the pressure energy utilization efficiency. The control box (15) can calculate the required nozzle opening based on the flow and pressure signals, and dynamically adjust the nozzle opening through the electric drive mechanism set in the nozzle, thereby driving the nozzle blades to rotate and achieving the purpose of controlling the nozzle opening.

[0071] When the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) drops to 5 MPa, both the first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) stop working. At this time, the pressure sensor (12-1) signal received by the control box (15) is lower than 5 MPa, and it issues a command to close the first remote control valve (5-1) and the second remote control valve (5-2), and open the gas supply switch valve (5-3) to supply gas to the hydrogen fuel cell (19).

[0072] Hydrogen and atmospheric oxygen pass through the hydrogen fuel cell (19) to generate direct current (DC) and supply it to the DC bus (18). After the hydrogen fuel cell (19) starts working, the first expander (7-1) and the second expander (7-2) operate and drive the first generator (8-1) and the second generator (8-2) respectively. The two generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The AC power output from the generators is regulated by the power converter (16) for voltage and current adjustment. The adjusted electrical energy charges the energy storage device (17). During the charging process, the energy management system built into the energy storage device (17) communicates in real time with the power converter (16) and the DC bus (18) to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy according to the energy storage device (17) to protect the energy storage device (17). When the electrical energy of the energy storage device (17) reaches a certain level, it discharges to the DC bus (18). After receiving the electrical energy from the hydrogen fuel cell (19) and the energy storage device (17), the DC bus (18) adjusts and distributes the power to the electrical load equipment.

[0073] Specifically, when the electrical energy of the energy storage device (17) is less than 30% of its own capacity, it is charged, and the electrical energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell (19) is the main source. When the electrical energy capacity of the energy storage device (17) is 80%, it is discharged, and the electrical energy output of the energy storage device (17) is the main source. At this time, the electrical energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell (19) is reduced.

[0074] In one embodiment, the expansion process can be optimized by rationally allocating pressure drops at each stage, thereby improving overall efficiency and reducing energy loss. The decompression expansion process employs a two-stage expansion.

[0075] Specifically, the hydrogen outlet pressure P1 of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is within a range of 1.5 to 35 MPa. The gas outlet pressure P2 of the first expander (7-1) and the gas inlet pressure of the second expander (7-2) are within a range and can basically satisfy the relationship: P1 / P2 = P2 / P3. The gas outlet pressure P3 of the second expander (7-2) is a constant value of 2MPa. The hydrogen fuel cell (19) requires a pressure P4, which is a fixed value of 1.5 MPa. When high-pressure hydrogen gas expands and does work using a two-stage expansion method, the relationship is basically satisfied: P1 / P2 = P2 / P3.

[0076] When high-pressure hydrogen expansion is performed using a two-stage expansion method as described above, the following relationship should be satisfied: P1 / P2 = P2 / P3. Adjusting the nozzles of the first expander (7-1) can satisfy the following formula: in, —m 3 / s, the current mass flow rate, can be read from the mass flow controller; —kg / m 3 In this invention, the lookup table method commonly used in engineering is adopted. In the control box (15), the corresponding density is read directly according to the current temperature (temperature sensor 20 transmits the temperature signal to the control box (15)) and pressure (pressure sensor 12-1 transmits the pressure signal to the control box (15)) through the pre-compiled hydrogen thermophysical parameter table. —Flow coefficient, usually taken as 0.8 to 0.95, depending on the nozzle structure; —m 2 The effective flow area of ​​the nozzle is directly related to the nozzle opening.

[0077] so The above formulas and data readings have been set in the control box (15). After the A value is obtained through real-time calculation, A has a corresponding calibration curve with the nozzle opening.

[0078] It is then converted into a 4-20mA nozzle opening signal and sent to the electric drive mechanism of the nozzle to dynamically adjust the nozzle opening.

[0079] Similarly, the nozzles of the second-stage turbine expander 7-2 are also dynamically adjusted in the same way as described above.

[0080] The first flow controller (9-1) and the second flow controller (9-2) receive signals from the control box (15) to control the hydrogen mass flow rate, which is the same as the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell. In one embodiment, controlling the generator of the electrical conversion component to generate electricity may include the following sub-steps: S21. Obtain the real-time hydrogen flow rate value of the output main valve assembly.

[0081] S22. Determine the hydrogen control flow rate value based on the real-time hydrogen flow rate value.

[0082] S23. Control the generator of the electrical conversion component to generate electricity according to the hydrogen control flow value.

[0083] After receiving the 4-20mA signal from the mass flow meter (13), the internal processor of the control box (15) reads the signal and translates the actual flow value of the end (hydrogen fuel cell (19)). Then it compares the actual flow value with the current output flow value of the first flow controller (9-1) and the second flow controller (9-2) and calculates the difference between the two. When the percentage difference is greater than 10% (the percentage difference is the ratio of the difference to the current value of the flow controller), the control box (15) sends a signal to the first flow controller (9-1) or the second flow controller (9-2) to control the regulating valve to adjust the flow. When the percentage difference is less than 10%, the current state is maintained, thus forming a closed-loop control so that the actual flow of the mass flow meter meets the hydrogen consumption requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0084] In this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for recovering hydrogen pressure energy from a hydrogen fuel cell. Its advantages are as follows: When hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is transferred to the hydrogen fuel cell for operation, the present invention obtains the output hydrogen pressure value supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell. If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, the electrical conversion component is activated to generate electricity using the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold. The electrical conversion component enables the recovery and utilization of hydrogen pressure energy, reducing resource waste and improving resource utilization. Simultaneously, it avoids the impact of large amounts of heat generated by depressurization on ship equipment safety, thus improving the practicality and reliability of the ship.

[0085] This invention also provides a hydrogen pressure energy recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The diagram shows a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen pressure energy recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] As an example, the hydrogen pressure energy recovery device for the hydrogen fuel cell may include: the device is suitable for the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system of the hydrogen fuel cell as described in the above embodiments, and the device includes: The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire the output hydrogen pressure value of the output main valve assembly when the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is transferred to the hydrogen fuel cell for the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell. The recovery module 202 is used to control the electrical conversion component to start if the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, so that the electrical conversion component generates electricity using the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, wherein the preset second output threshold is less than the preset first output threshold.

[0087] Optionally, the step of controlling the electrical conversion component to start if the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, so that the electrical conversion component generates electricity using the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, includes: If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than the preset first output threshold, then the two generators of the electrical conversion component are controlled to generate electricity simultaneously and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device. If the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset first output threshold, then control one of the generators in the electrical conversion component to generate electricity and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device. If the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, the electrical conversion component is controlled to stop working.

[0088] Optionally, controlling the generator operation of the electrical conversion component includes: Obtain the real-time hydrogen flow rate value of the output main valve assembly; The hydrogen control flow rate value is determined based on the real-time hydrogen flow rate value; The generator of the electrical conversion component is controlled to generate electricity according to the hydrogen control flow rate value.

[0089] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for ease of description and brevity, the specific working process of the device described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0090] Furthermore, this application also provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for a hydrogen fuel cell as described in the above embodiments.

[0091] Furthermore, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer-executable program for causing a computer to perform the hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for a hydrogen fuel cell as described in the above embodiments.

[0092] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "above," "below," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. When an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being "above" or "on top of" another element, it may be directly on the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or "above" another element, there is no intermediate element. It should also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "below" or "under" another element, it may be directly below or under the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly below" or "under" another element, there is no intermediate element. Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0093] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application may also include computer program products. Therefore, this application may take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0094] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), devices, and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0095] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0096] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that, The system includes: a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, an input valve assembly, an electrical conversion assembly, an energy storage device, a pressure reducing assembly, an output main valve assembly, and a hydrogen fuel cell; The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is connected to the input valve assembly, the input valve assembly is connected to the electrical conversion assembly and the pressure reducing assembly respectively, the electrical conversion assembly is connected to the energy storage device, and the pressure reducing assembly is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell through the output main valve assembly; When the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is greater than the threshold, the input valve assembly transmits the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the electrical conversion component and the output main valve assembly respectively; when the pressure value at the output end of the pressure reducing component is less than the threshold, the input valve assembly transmits the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the output main valve assembly. The electrical conversion component is used to convert the hydrogen pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder into electrical energy and transmit it to the energy storage device for storage. The output main valve component is used to transmit the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to the hydrogen fuel cell for reaction.

2. The hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical conversion assembly includes: a power converter, a power generation unit, and a gas supply switch valve; The two ends of the power generation unit are respectively connected to the two ends of the gas supply switch valve, and the power converter is connected to the power generation unit.

3. The hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power generation unit includes: a first remote control valve, a second remote control valve, a first flow controller, a second flow controller, a first engine, a second generator, a first expander, a second expander, a first check valve, a second check valve, and a third check valve; The first remote control valve is connected to the first flow controller, the second remote control valve is connected to the second flow controller, the first flow controller is connected to the first expander, the first expander is connected to the first check valve, the second flow controller is connected to the second check valve, the second expander is connected to the first check valve and the second check valve, the first expander is connected to the first engine, the second expander is connected to the second generator, and the second expander is connected to the third check valve.

4. The hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input valve assembly includes: an input sensor unit, a hydrogen cylinder main valve, an input check valve, and an input filter; The input sensor unit, the hydrogen cylinder main valve, the input check valve, and the input filter are connected in sequence.

5. The hydrogen pressure energy recovery system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output main valve assembly includes: a buffer tank, a mass flow meter, an output main valve, and an output pressure sensor; The buffer tank, the mass flow meter, and the output main valve are connected in sequence, and the buffer tank and the output pressure sensor are connected.

6. A method for recovering hydrogen pressure energy from a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that, The method is applicable to the hydrogen pressure energy recovery system of the hydrogen fuel cell according to any one of claims 1-5, and the method includes: When the hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is transferred to the hydrogen fuel cell to power the hydrogen fuel cell, the output hydrogen pressure value of the output main valve assembly is obtained. If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, the electrical conversion component is controlled to start, so that the electrical conversion component generates electricity using the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, wherein the preset second output threshold is less than the preset first output threshold.

7. The method for recovering hydrogen pressure energy from a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than a preset first output threshold, the electrical conversion component is controlled to start, so that the electrical conversion component uses the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder to generate electricity and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device, until the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, including: If the output hydrogen pressure value is greater than the preset first output threshold, then the two generators of the electrical conversion component are controlled to generate electricity simultaneously and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device. If the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset first output threshold, then control one of the generators in the electrical conversion component to generate electricity and transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage device. If the output hydrogen pressure value is less than or equal to a preset second output threshold, the electrical conversion component is controlled to stop working.

8. The method for recovering hydrogen pressure energy from a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operation of controlling the generator to generate electricity from the electrical conversion component includes: Obtain the real-time hydrogen flow rate value of the output main valve assembly; The hydrogen control flow rate value is determined based on the real-time hydrogen flow rate value; The generator of the electrical conversion component is controlled to generate electricity according to the hydrogen control flow rate value.

9. An electronic device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, when the processor executes the program, it implements the hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for a hydrogen fuel cell as described in any one of claims 6-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the hydrogen pressure energy recovery method for a hydrogen fuel cell as described in any one of claims 6-7.

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