A test device for autonomously adjustable observation of mudflow movement

Abstract

This invention relates to an experimental device for observing the movement of debris flows that can be autonomously adjusted. The device includes a flume model and a support assembly. The flume model is tilted downwards and has an overflow outlet at its bottom. The support assembly includes a support frame, multiple sliding rods, and multiple impact pressure detection devices. The support frame is positioned in the area indicated by the downward tilt of the flume model. The multiple sliding rods are arranged parallel to the support frame and are slidably connected to the support frame along directions close to or away from the overflow outlet. Each sliding rod is equipped with multiple impact pressure detection devices. The debris flow is discharged through the overflow outlet of the flume model and impacts the multiple sliding rods of the support frame. The device allows observation of the horizontal projection distance of the debris flow, the lateral width and longitudinal length of the discharge, and also allows monitoring of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the impact pressure during debris flow discharge using multiple impact pressure detection devices arranged on the sliding rods. This provides convenient conditions for the quantitative calculation of the movement characteristic parameters of debris flows after passing through the overflow outlet of a check dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of debris flow motion observation test devices, and in particular to an independently adjustable debris flow motion observation test device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, research on the motion characteristics of debris flows mainly includes three methods: numerical simulation, field experiments, and indoor physical model experiments. In terms of numerical simulation, some scholars have used smooth particle hydrodynamics to establish relevant motion models of debris flows. In terms of field experiments, some scholars have laid sensors in debris flow channels to measure the actual impact force of debris flows in the field and quantified the value of the Froude number. In terms of indoor physical model experiments, flume model experiments are mainly used to study the motion characteristics of debris flows and analyze the physical properties and related characteristic parameters of debris flow fluids.

[0003] Indoor physical model testing serves as an effective analytical tool. By leveraging the principle of model similarity, it infers the conditions in the field prototype from the test results, thus providing quantitative calculation methods and scientific basis for debris flow prevention and engineering design. The scouring situation downstream of the check dam is closely related to the flow of debris flow through the overflow outlet. Therefore, observing the movement of the mud tongue after the debris flow passes the overflow outlet is essential for analyzing its scouring capacity. The movement state of the debris flow after passing the overflow outlet includes the spatiotemporal distribution of the mud tongue's impact pressure on the horizontal plane, the horizontal projection distance of the debris flow, and the lateral width and longitudinal length of the mud tongue during discharge. In indoor physical model testing, different debris flow parameters, channel parameters, and overflow outlet parameters are set to analyze the different movement states exhibited by the debris flow after passing the overflow outlet. A certain number of impact pressure sensors are deployed on the horizontal plane to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution of the debris flow's impact pressure.

[0004] However, different experimental conditions can lead to variations in debris flow motion. Specifically, when the overflow capacity of the dam is strong, the mud tongue exhibits a longer horizontal projection distance and a wider lateral width. Conversely, when the overflow capacity of the dam is weak, the mud tongue exhibits a shorter horizontal projection distance and a narrower lateral width. Therefore, the requirements for monitoring devices are high, and developing a debris flow motion monitoring device that can autonomously adapt to different experimental conditions is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide an experimental device for observing debris flow movement that can be autonomously adjusted in order to solve the above problems.

[0006] This invention provides an adjustable experimental device for observing debris flow movement, including a water tank model and a support component. The water tank model is tilted downwards and has an overflow port at its bottom. The support component includes a support frame, multiple sliding rods, and multiple impact pressure detection devices. The support frame is located in the area indicated by the downward tilt of the water tank model. The multiple sliding rods are arranged parallel to each other on the support frame. The multiple sliding rods are slidably connected to the support frame in the direction close to or away from the overflow port. The tops of the multiple sliding rods form a support surface for receiving the material discharged through the overflow port. Multiple impact pressure detection devices are installed on each sliding rod.

[0007] Furthermore, the cross-section of the water tank model along its extension direction is rectangular, and the water tank model also includes an overflow port model fixedly installed at the bottom of the water tank model.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of the overflow outlet model is a trapezoidal surface that gradually expands upwards.

[0009] Furthermore, the support frame is a hollow frame structure with multiple sliding rods that are perpendicular to the water tank model and horizontally arranged. The multiple sliding rods are arranged sequentially in a direction away from the water tank model, and the two ends of the sliding rods are slidably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the support frame.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes multiple locking components, each slide bar is equipped with a locking component, and the locking end of the locking component can be connected to the support frame to lock the slide bar in the current position.

[0011] Furthermore, the slide bar has multiple mounting holes, and the pressure detection component is installed in the mounting holes.

[0012] Furthermore, the punching force detection component is a punching force sensor, and the top of the punching force sensor is flush with the top of the slide bar.

[0013] Furthermore, the mounting hole is a stepped groove, the bottom end of the punching force sensor passes through the stepped groove and extends to the bottom of the slide rod. The punching force detection component also includes a fixing nut, which is connected to the threaded port at the bottom of the punching force sensor. The fixing nut abuts against the bottom of the slide rod to lock the punching force sensor in the mounting hole. The punching force detection component also includes a cable that is electrically connected to the bottom of the punching force sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, the support assembly includes multiple lead screws, multiple brackets, multiple adjusting nuts, and multiple feet. The multiple brackets are evenly arranged around the circumference of the support frame. The top of the bracket is fixedly connected to the support frame, and the bottom of the bracket is slidably connected to the top of the lead screw in the vertical direction. The adjusting nut is connected to the lead screw, and the top surface of the adjusting nut abuts against the bottom surface of the bracket. The bottom end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the feet.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes an observation window vertically installed on one side of the support frame.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, debris flows are discharged through an overflow outlet set in a flume model and impact multiple sliding rods on a support frame. This allows for the observation of the horizontal projection distance of the debris flow, the lateral width and longitudinal length of the mud tongue during discharge, and the monitoring of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the impact pressure during debris flow discharge through multiple impact pressure detectors arranged on the sliding rods. This provides convenient conditions for the quantitative calculation of the motion characteristic parameters of debris flows after passing through the overflow outlet of a dam, and is conducive to revealing the relationship between the debris flow through the overflow outlet and the impact downstream of the dam, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the design of downstream scour control projects. The positions of the aforementioned sliding rods on the support frame can be adjusted to meet the needs of debris flow motion monitoring under different experimental conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the setup of the overflow port model; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A top view of the load-bearing components; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the punch pressure detection component; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the supporting components. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an adjustable debris flow motion observation test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a water tank model 100 and a support component 200; the water tank model 100 is inclined downward and has an overflow port model 110 at its bottom; the support component 200 includes a support frame 210, multiple sliding rods 220 and multiple impact pressure detection elements 230. The support frame 210 is located in the area pointed to by the downward inclination of the water tank model 100. The multiple sliding rods 220 are arranged parallel to the support frame 210. The multiple sliding rods 220 are slidably connected to the support frame 210 in the direction close to or away from the overflow port. The top of the multiple sliding rods 220 forms a bearing surface for receiving the material discharged through the overflow port. Multiple impact pressure detection elements 230 are installed on each sliding rod 220.

[0020] During implementation, the debris flow is discharged through the overflow outlet of the flume model 100 and impacts multiple sliding rods 220 on the support frame 210. The horizontal projection distance of the debris flow, the lateral width and longitudinal length of the mud tongue during discharge can be observed. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the impact pressure during debris flow discharge can be monitored by multiple impact pressure detection elements 230 arranged on the multiple sliding rods 220. This provides convenient conditions for the quantitative calculation of the motion characteristic parameters of the debris flow after passing through the overflow outlet of the dam, which is conducive to revealing the relationship between the debris flow through the overflow outlet and the impact below the dam, and provides a scientific basis and technical support for the design of the dam scour prevention project. The position of the multiple sliding rods 220 on the support frame 210 can be adjusted to meet the debris flow motion monitoring needs under different experimental conditions.

[0021] In this embodiment, the water tank model 100 is a structure used to simulate the movement of debris flow. It is inclined downward and has an overflow port model 110 at its bottom. The debris flow enters from the top of the water tank model 100, flows inside the water tank model 100, and flows out from the overflow port model 110 at its bottom.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the cross-section of the water tank model 100 along its extension direction is rectangular, and the water tank model 100 also includes an overflow port model 110 fixedly disposed at the bottom of the water tank model 100.

[0023] In this embodiment, the overflow port model 110 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the bottom of the water tank model 100. The shape and size of the overflow port can be adjusted by setting the overflow port model 110.

[0024] In one embodiment, the top of the overflow outlet model 110 is a trapezoidal surface that gradually expands upwards. Of course, in other preferred embodiments, the overflow outlet model 110 may also be configured as a rectangular surface in addition to the trapezoidal surface described above.

[0025] It is understood that the overflow port model 110 is a prefabricated connecting block, which can be detachably connected to the sink model 100 and the connecting block by connecting screws, so as to replace connecting blocks of different shapes or sizes.

[0026] In one embodiment, an angle adjustment bracket assembly is also included, which is connected to the water tank model 100 and used to adjust the tilt angle of the water tank model 100. It is understood that the angle adjustment bracket assembly includes an angle bracket body and an angle adjustment component. The bottom of the water tank model 100 is rotatably connected to the angle bracket body, one end of the angle adjustment component is hinged to the angle bracket body, and the adjustment end of the angle adjustment component is hinged to the top of the water tank model 100. The angle adjustment component can be a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or other equipment, thereby controlling the water tank model 100 to rotate around its bottom to the required angle.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the bearing component 200 in this embodiment is used to receive the debris flow discharged through the overflow port. Specifically, the bearing component 200 includes a bearing frame 210, multiple sliding rods 220, and multiple impact pressure detection elements 230. The bearing frame 210 is located in the area pointed to by the downward tilt of the water tank model 100. The multiple sliding rods 220 are arranged parallel to the bearing frame 210. The multiple sliding rods 220 are slidably connected to the bearing frame 210 in the direction close to or away from the overflow port. The top of the multiple sliding rods 220 forms a bearing surface for receiving the material discharged through the overflow port. Multiple impact pressure detection elements 230 are installed on each sliding rod 220.

[0028] It should be noted that the distance between any two adjacent slide bars 220 should be greater than the maximum particle size of the debris flow solid material, so as to ensure that the debris flow can flow down quickly after interacting with the impact pressure detection element 230 and not accumulate on the slide bars 220, thereby avoiding affecting the impact pressure data monitored by the subsequent impact pressure detection element 230.

[0029] The multiple pressure detection elements 230 on each slide rod 220 should be arranged sequentially from the middle to both sides. The density of the pressure detection elements 230 on each slide rod 220 should meet the requirements for collecting pressure data. It is understood that the more pressure detection elements 230 on each slide rod 220, the higher the completeness of the pressure data collection, but the higher the equipment investment cost. Therefore, the number of pressure detection elements 230 on each slide rod 220 should be designed reasonably.

[0030] In this embodiment, the support frame 210 provides support for the installation of multiple sliding rods 220. In one embodiment, the support frame 210 is a hollow frame structure. Multiple sliding rods 220 are all perpendicular to the water tank model 100 and are all horizontally arranged. Multiple sliding rods 220 are arranged sequentially in a direction away from the water tank model 100. The two ends of the sliding rods 220 are slidably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the support frame 210.

[0031] When the slide bar 220 slides to the predetermined position, in order to prevent the slide bar 220 from shifting due to the impact of the mudslide, this embodiment also includes multiple locking components. Each slide bar 220 is equipped with a locking component, and the locking end of the locking component can be connected to the support frame 210 to lock the slide bar 220 at the current position.

[0032] In one embodiment, the locking element includes a locking screw that passes through a threaded hole in the slide rod 220 and can be rotated to a position abutting against the slide rod 220. At this position, the slide rod 220 is fixed relative to the support frame 210. Rotating the locking screw in the opposite direction allows the slide rod 220 to slide relative to the support frame 210. It is understood that the locking element can also be replaced by a structure in the form of a latch, magnetic attraction, etc., and there is no limitation on this.

[0033] To facilitate the installation of multiple pressure testing elements 230, in one embodiment, the slide bar 220 is provided with multiple mounting holes, and the pressure testing elements 230 are installed in the mounting holes.

[0034] In this embodiment, the punching force detection component 230 is a punching force sensor, and the top of the punching force sensor is flush with the top of the slide bar 220.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, the mounting hole is a stepped groove, the bottom end of the punching force sensor passes through the stepped groove and extends to the bottom of the slide bar 220. The punching force detection component 230 also includes a fixing nut 231, which is connected to the threaded port at the bottom of the punching force sensor. The fixing nut 231 abuts against the bottom of the slide bar 220 to lock the punching force sensor in the mounting hole. The punching force detection component 230 also includes a cable 232 that is electrically connected to the bottom of the punching force sensor.

[0036] To facilitate the support of the support frame 210 and the adjustment of its height to meet the needs of debris flow movement observation under different experimental conditions, this embodiment also includes a support component 300. The support component 300 is installed at the bottom of the support frame 210 to support the support frame 210 and adjust its height.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the support assembly 300 includes a plurality of lead screws 310, a plurality of brackets 320, a plurality of adjusting nuts 330, and a plurality of feet 340. The plurality of brackets 320 are evenly arranged around the circumference of the support frame 210. The top of the bracket 320 is fixedly connected to the support frame 210, and the bottom of the bracket 320 is slidably connected to the top of the lead screw 310 in the vertical direction. The adjusting nut 330 is connected to the lead screw, and the top surface of the adjusting nut 330 abuts against the bottom surface of the bracket 320. The bottom end of the lead screw 310 is fixedly connected to the feet 340.

[0038] In this embodiment, there are four lead screws 310 and four supports 320, which are respectively set at the four corners of the frame-shaped support frame 210. The support 320 has a cylindrical structure and its inner diameter is larger than the diameter of the lead screw 310. The support 320 is sleeved on the top of the lead screw 310. Since the adjusting nut 330 is connected to the lead screw 310, the height of the adjusting nut 330 in the vertical direction can be controlled to adjust the height of the support frame 210 that is abutted by the adjusting nut 330, so as to adapt to the needs of debris flow movement observation under different experimental conditions.

[0039] It is understood that the foot 340 is a conventional structure that those skilled in the art can conceive of, such as a block structure or a column structure, which will not be elaborated or explained in detail here, as a stable supporting structure is preferred.

[0040] To facilitate the observation of debris flow movement, this embodiment also includes an observation window 400 vertically mounted on one side of the support frame 210. The observation window 400 is made of transparent tempered glass, vertically mounted on one side in the direction of debris flow movement, and can be fixed to the support frame 210 via a frame-shaped connecting frame.

[0041] It should be noted that the location of the observation window 400 should not interfere with the path of the debris flow.

[0042] To facilitate accurate capture of debris flow movement, one embodiment also includes a camera or other shooting equipment. The camera or other equipment is used to accurately capture the side profile of the debris flow, so as to analyze motion characteristic parameters such as the horizontal projection distance of the debris flow and the longitudinal width of the mud tongue.

[0043] Workflow: 1. Set up the equipment: 1) Select a water tank model 100 of appropriate length and place it near the supporting component at a predetermined tilt angle; select an overflow outlet model 110 of appropriate shape and size and install it at the bottom of the water tank model 100; 2) Adjust the spacing between the multiple sliding rods on the support frame and the distance to the overflow port; 3) Adjust the adjusting nuts on the multiple lead screws to adjust the height of the support frame.

[0044] 2. Debris Flow Simulation: The pre-configured debris flow slurry is transported to the overflow port through the water tank model. The debris flow then flows down to the bearing component through the overflow port, thereby enabling the monitoring of the debris flow's movement characteristics.

[0045] Among them, the movement characteristics of debris flows are monitored, including: 1) Accurately capture the lateral morphology of debris flows using equipment such as cameras to facilitate the analysis of motion characteristic parameters such as the horizontal projection distance and longitudinal width of the mud tongue. 2) The punching force signal is obtained through multiple punching force sensors.

[0046] 3. Data Analysis: 1) Based on the collected image information, it is possible to analyze the motion characteristic parameters of debris flow, such as horizontal projection distance and longitudinal width of mud tongue.

[0047] 2) By using the impact pressure sensor and its corresponding coordinate information, a dynamic impact pressure diagram can be obtained during the entire movement of the debris flow.

[0048] Compared with existing technologies: The debris flow is discharged through the overflow outlet of the flume model 100 and impacts multiple sliding rods 220 on the support frame 210. The horizontal projection distance of the debris flow, the lateral width and longitudinal length of the mud tongue during discharge can be observed. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the impact pressure during debris flow discharge can be monitored by multiple impact pressure detection elements 230 arranged on the multiple sliding rods 220. This provides convenient conditions for the quantitative calculation of the motion characteristic parameters of the debris flow after passing through the overflow outlet of the dam. It is beneficial to reveal the relationship between the debris flow through the overflow outlet and the impact downstream of the dam, and provides a scientific basis and technical support for the design of downstream scour control projects. The positions of the multiple sliding rods 220 on the support frame 210 can be adjusted to meet the needs of debris flow motion monitoring under different experimental conditions.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for observing debris flow movement that can be autonomously adjusted, characterized in that, include: A water tank model, which is tilted downwards and has an overflow outlet at its bottom; The support assembly includes a support frame, multiple sliding rods, and multiple pressure detection elements. The support frame is located in the area indicated by the downward tilt of the water tank model. The multiple sliding rods are arranged parallel to the support frame and are slidably connected to the support frame in a direction close to or away from the overflow port. The top of the multiple sliding rods forms a support surface for receiving material discharged through the overflow port. Multiple pressure detection elements are installed on each sliding rod.

2. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the water tank model along its extension direction is rectangular, and the water tank model also includes an overflow port model fixedly installed at the bottom of the water tank model.

3. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the overflow outlet model is a trapezoidal surface that gradually expands upwards.

4. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support frame is a hollow frame structure. The multiple sliding rods are all perpendicular to the water tank model and are all horizontally arranged. The multiple sliding rods are arranged sequentially in a direction away from the water tank model. The two ends of the sliding rods are slidably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the support frame.

5. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes multiple locking elements, each of the slide rods is equipped with a locking element, and the locking end of the locking element can be connected to the support frame to lock the slide rod at the current position.

6. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide bar has multiple mounting holes, and the punching force detection component is installed in the mounting holes.

7. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 6, characterized in that, The impact force detection component is an impact force sensor, and the top of the impact force sensor is flush with the top of the slide bar.

8. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mounting hole is a stepped groove, and the bottom end of the punching force sensor passes through the stepped groove and extends to the bottom of the slide rod. The punching force detection component also includes a fixing nut, which is connected to the threaded port at the bottom of the punching force sensor. The fixing nut abuts against the bottom of the slide rod to lock the punching force sensor in the mounting hole. The punching force detection component also includes a cable electrically connected to the bottom of the punching force sensor.

9. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support assembly includes multiple lead screws, multiple brackets, multiple adjusting nuts, and multiple feet. The multiple brackets are evenly arranged around the circumference of the support frame. The top of the bracket is fixedly connected to the support frame, and the bottom of the bracket is slidably connected to the top of the lead screw in the vertical direction. The adjusting nut is connected to the lead screw, and the top surface of the adjusting nut abuts against the bottom surface of the bracket. The bottom end of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the feet.

10. The experimental device for observing the autonomously adjustable debris flow movement according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an observation window that is vertically installed on one side of the support frame.

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