A logging-while-drilling wireless sensor data transmission apparatus and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of while drilling well logging wireless sensor data transmission device and method, belong to petroleum and natural gas drilling engineering technology and equipment field, including: mud pressure sensing detection circuit will mud pressure pulse signal be converted into current signal after being converted into digital, MCU is given;AB phase encoder detection circuit monitors drill pipe movement and outputs two phase shifts 90 degrees square wave signals, real-time calculation drilling depth is given MCU;MCU is handled after mud pressure data and drilling depth data are given CAN communication circuit, 485 communication circuit and wireless radio frequency circuit;CAN communication circuit will data be transmitted to driller display in real time and be displayed;485 communication circuit will data be transmitted to other downhole equipment or host computer;Wireless radio frequency circuit will data be transmitted to ground host computer.The application avoids complex wiring engineering and physical damage, improves the reliability and safety of while drilling well logging data transmission process, with the advantages of easy installation, easy maintenance etc..

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas drilling engineering technology and equipment, and specifically relates to a wireless sensor data transmission device and method for logging while drilling. Background Technology

[0002] Logging While Drilling (LWD) technology in the oil and gas industry is an advanced technology for acquiring downhole information in real time, and it is widely used in oil and gas exploration. Its core objective is to optimize the drilling process, reduce non-productive time, and improve safety and efficiency by monitoring formation parameters (such as wellbore trajectory, pressure, temperature, resistivity, etc.) in real time during the drilling process.

[0003] Traditional logging-while-drilling (LWD) data transmission typically relies on wired systems such as RS-485 or CAN bus. While wired transmission can achieve stable data transmission, in practical applications, long-distance communication cables are often susceptible to electromagnetic interference and may even be damaged by lightning strikes. Furthermore, every physical connection point is a potential point of failure; loose connectors, poor contact, and broken wires can affect communication and thus pose safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the safety issues arising from traditional wired data transmission methods used in logging-while-drilling (LMWD) systems, which are susceptible to damage from electromagnetic interference and lightning strikes, and prone to problems such as loose connectors, poor contact, and wire breaks at physical connection points, this invention provides a wireless sensor data transmission device and method for LMWD. This device enables wireless communication between devices during the LMWD process. This invention avoids complex wiring and physical damage, improving the reliability and security of LMWD data transmission. It also offers advantages such as easy installation, simple maintenance, and reduced equipment installation time and maintenance costs.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a wireless sensor data transmission device for logging while drilling, which mainly includes:

[0007] The mud pressure sensing and detection circuit is used to convert mud pressure pulse signals into current signals, then convert analog signals into digital signals, and transmit the mud pressure data in digital form to the MCU microcontroller.

[0008] The AB phase encoder detection circuit is used to monitor the movement of the drill pipe and output two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. The rotation direction and rotation angle of the drill pipe are determined by these two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. The drilling depth is obtained by real-time calculation of these two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift, and the drilling depth data is transmitted to the MCU microcontroller.

[0009] MCU microcontroller; used to receive mud pressure data from mud pressure sensing and detection circuit and drilling depth data from AB phase encoder detection circuit, process and transmit to CAN communication circuit, 485 communication circuit and wireless radio frequency circuit.

[0010] The CAN communication circuit is used to transmit the mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display.

[0011] The 485 communication circuit is used to transmit mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to other downhole equipment or host computer for bidirectional data transmission.

[0012] The wireless radio frequency circuit is used to wirelessly transmit mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to the host computer on the ground.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the magnitude of the current signal is 4mA-20mA.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the mud pressure sensing detection circuit is implemented by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a mud pressure sensor. The mud pressure sensor is connected to the ADC and is installed on the wellhead. The ADC is connected to an MCU microcontroller. The mud pressure sensor converts the mud pressure pulse signal into a 4mA-20mA current signal and uploads it to the ADC. The ADC module converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital mud pressure data to the MCU microcontroller.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the AB phase encoder detection circuit is implemented by an AB phase encoder and a comparator. The AB phase encoder is connected to the comparator, and the comparator is connected to the MCU microcontroller. The AB phase encoder is used to monitor the drill pipe movement and output two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. The comparator is used to receive the two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift output by the AB phase encoder, calculate the drilling depth in real time from the received two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift, and transmit the drilling depth data to the MCU microcontroller.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the CAN communication circuit is implemented by a CAN transceiver module. The driller's display in the ground display terminal is connected to the CAN transceiver module, which is connected to the MCU microcontroller. The CAN transceiver module is connected to both the MCU microcontroller and the driller's display via a CAN interface. The mud pressure data and drilling depth data output by the MCU microcontroller are transmitted in real time to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the 485 communication circuit is implemented by a 485 transceiver module. Other downhole equipment or host computer is connected to the 485 transceiver module, which is connected to an MCU microcontroller. The 485 transceiver module transmits mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to other downhole equipment or host computer for bidirectional data transmission.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the 485 communication interface used by the 485 transceiver module adopts differential signal transmission. The 485 transceiver module performs bidirectional data transmission with other downhole equipment or host computer through the 485 communication interface to ensure reliable communication between devices.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the wireless radio frequency circuit is implemented by a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module, the host computer is connected to the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module, and the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module is connected to an MCU microcontroller; the mud pressure data and drilling depth data are transmitted wirelessly to the host computer on the ground through the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the MCU is connected to an AD converter, a comparator, a CAN transceiver module, a 485 transceiver module, and a 433MHz wireless RF module. The MCU primarily receives mud pressure data from the AD converter and drilling depth data from the comparator. It converts the received mud pressure and drilling depth data into a format that can be displayed in real-time on the driller's display in the surface terminal, and transmits this data to the driller's display in real-time via the CAN transceiver module. The MCU also transmits the received mud pressure and drilling depth data to other downhole equipment or a host computer via the 485 transceiver module for bidirectional data transmission, ensuring reliable communication between devices. Finally, the MCU wirelessly transmits the received mud pressure and drilling depth data to the host computer on the surface via the 433MHz wireless RF module.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for transmitting wireless sensor data during drilling, which is implemented using the aforementioned wireless sensor data transmission device for logging while drilling, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] Step S1: Mud pressure data transmission process;

[0023] Step S1.1: Data Acquisition;

[0024] The mud pressure pulse signal is converted into a 4mA-20mA current signal by the mud pressure sensor on the well and then uploaded to a high-precision AD analog-to-digital converter.

[0025] Step S1.2: Analog-to-digital conversion;

[0026] This high-precision ADC module is used to convert analog signals into digital signals;

[0027] Step S1.3: Data transmission;

[0028] The mud pressure data is transmitted to the MCU microcontroller;

[0029] Step S1.4: Data distribution;

[0030] The MCU microcontroller converts the received mud pressure data into a data format that can be displayed in real time on the driller's display in the ground display terminal, and transmits the mud pressure data to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display via the CAN transceiver module;

[0031] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received mud pressure data to other downhole equipment or the host computer via the 485 transceiver module;

[0032] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received mud pressure data to the host computer on the ground via a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module;

[0033] Step S2: Drilling depth data transmission process;

[0034] Step S2.1: Data Acquisition;

[0035] The AB phase encoder monitors the drill pipe movement in real time and outputs two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift.

[0036] Step S2.2: Data calculation;

[0037] The comparator receives two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift from the AB phase encoder, calculates the drilling depth in real time, and transmits the drilling depth data to the MCU microcontroller.

[0038] Step S2.3: Data distribution;

[0039] The MCU microcontroller converts the received drilling depth data into a data format that can be displayed in real time on the driller's display in the ground display terminal, and transmits the drilling depth data to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display via the CAN transceiver module;

[0040] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received drilling depth data to other downhole equipment or a host computer via the 485 transceiver module;

[0041] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received drilling depth data to the host computer on the ground via a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0043] This invention aims to solve the various problems existing in traditional wired transmission, and provides a wireless sensor data transmission device and method for logging while drilling, avoiding complex wiring and physical damage, thereby improving the reliability and flexibility of the system. At the same time, the wireless sensor data transmission device and method for logging while drilling provided by this invention also features convenient installation and simple maintenance, which can significantly reduce equipment installation time and maintenance costs.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0045] (1) The present invention provides a wireless sensor data transmission device and method for logging while drilling, which can realize real-time data acquisition and wireless transmission. It can acquire mud pressure data and drilling depth data in real time through the mud pressure sensor and AB phase encoder interface. The acquired data can be transmitted to the host computer on the ground in real time through the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module, providing stable downhole data monitoring and analysis.

[0046] (2) The present invention provides a wireless sensor data transmission device and method for logging while drilling, which realizes reliable wireless data transmission between the device and the ground host computer through a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module, reducing the wiring complexity and multiple fault points of wired transmission, and improving the flexibility of the device.

[0047] (3) The present invention provides a wireless sensor data transmission device and method for logging while drilling, which is designed with multiple communication interfaces, including CAN interface, 485 interface, AB phase encoder interface, etc., and has good scalability and compatibility, and can communicate and link with other system equipment (such as driller's display, etc.).

[0048] (4) The wireless sensor data transmission device and method for logging while drilling provided by the present invention has been specially optimized in circuit design and can work stably for a long time in harsh field environments such as high temperature, high pressure and vibration. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 The present invention provides a structural block diagram of a wireless sensor data transmission device for logging while drilling.

[0050] Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates a method for transmitting wireless sensor data during logging, as provided by this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a wireless sensor data transmission device for logging while drilling.

[0053] See Figure 1 As described above, the present invention provides a wireless sensor data transmission device for logging while drilling, which integrates multiple functional modules and specifically includes the following components:

[0054] The system includes an MCU microcontroller, a mud pressure sensor detection circuit, an AB phase encoder detection circuit, a CAN communication circuit, a RS-485 communication circuit, and a wireless radio frequency circuit. All of these circuits are connected to the MCU microcontroller.

[0055] In this invention, the mud pressure sensing and detection circuit is mainly implemented by an AD analog-to-digital converter and a mud pressure sensor. The mud pressure sensor is connected to the AD analog-to-digital converter, the mud pressure sensor is installed on the well, and the AD analog-to-digital converter is connected to an MCU microcontroller.

[0056] Specifically, the mud pressure pulse signal is first converted into a 4mA-20mA current signal by the mud pressure sensor on the well and then uploaded to a high-precision AD analog-to-digital converter. The high-precision ADC module is then used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. Finally, the mud pressure data in digital form is transmitted to the MCU microcontroller for further processing.

[0057] In this invention, the AB phase encoder detection circuit is mainly implemented by an AB phase encoder and a comparator. The AB phase encoder is connected to the comparator, and the comparator is connected to the MCU microcontroller.

[0058] The AB phase encoder is mainly used to monitor drill pipe movement and output two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. These two square wave signals output by the AB phase encoder can accurately determine the drill pipe's rotation direction and angle, thereby precisely calculating the drilling depth.

[0059] The comparator is mainly used to receive two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift from the AB phase encoder, calculate the drilling depth in real time, and transmit the drilling depth data to the MCU microcontroller for further processing.

[0060] In this invention, the CAN communication circuit is mainly implemented by a CAN transceiver module. The driller's display in the ground display terminal is connected to the CAN transceiver module, and the CAN transceiver module is connected to the MCU microcontroller.

[0061] Specifically, the CAN bus used by the CAN transceiver module is a highly reliable communication protocol widely used in industrial and vehicle control systems. In this invention, the CAN transceiver module is connected to the MCU microcontroller and the driller's display via the CAN interface, respectively. The mud pressure data and drilling depth data output by the MCU microcontroller are transmitted in real time to the driller's display on the ground display terminal for real-time display, facilitating the driller's monitoring of parameters such as drilling depth and well inclination.

[0062] In this invention, the 485 communication circuit is mainly implemented by a 485 transceiver module, wherein other downhole equipment or host computer are connected to the 485 transceiver module, and the 485 transceiver module is connected to an MCU microcontroller.

[0063] Specifically, the 485 communication interface used by the 485 transceiver module employs differential signal transmission, which features strong anti-interference capabilities and long transmission distances, making it suitable for harsh downhole environments. The 485 communication interface is primarily used for bidirectional data transmission with other downhole equipment or host computers, ensuring reliable communication between devices.

[0064] In this invention, the wireless radio frequency circuit is mainly implemented by a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module, wherein the host computer is connected to the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module, and the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module is connected to the MCU microcontroller.

[0065] Specifically, the 433MHz band has good penetration and a long transmission distance, making it suitable for stable wireless data transmission in complex electromagnetic environments downhole. In this invention, mud pressure data and drilling depth data can be wirelessly transmitted to a host computer on the surface using a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

[0066] In this invention, the MCU microcontroller is connected to an AD analog-to-digital converter, a comparator, a CAN transceiver module, a 485 transceiver module, and a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module. The MCU microcontroller primarily receives mud pressure data from the AD converter and drilling depth data from the comparator. It converts the received mud pressure and drilling depth data into a format that can be displayed in real-time on the driller's display in the ground terminal, and transmits this data to the driller's display in real-time via the CAN transceiver module. The MCU microcontroller also transmits the received mud pressure and drilling depth data to other downhole equipment or a host computer via the 485 transceiver module, enabling bidirectional data transmission and ensuring reliable communication between devices. Finally, the MCU microcontroller wirelessly transmits the received mud pressure and drilling depth data to the host computer on the ground via the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

[0067] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for transmitting wireless sensor data while drilling, which is mainly implemented by a wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling provided in the first aspect.

[0068] See Figure 2 The present invention provides a method for transmitting wireless sensor data during drilling, the specific implementation process of which is as follows:

[0069] Step S1: Mud pressure data transmission process;

[0070] Step S1.1: Data Acquisition;

[0071] The mud pressure pulse signal is converted into a 4mA-20mA current signal by the mud pressure sensor on the well and then uploaded to a high-precision AD analog-to-digital converter.

[0072] Step S1.2: Analog-to-digital conversion;

[0073] This high-precision ADC module is used to convert analog signals into digital signals;

[0074] Step S1.3: Data transmission;

[0075] The mud pressure data is transmitted to the MCU microcontroller.

[0076] Step S1.4: Data distribution;

[0077] The MCU microcontroller converts the received mud pressure data into a data format that can be displayed in real time on the driller's display in the ground display terminal, and transmits the mud pressure data to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display via the CAN transceiver module;

[0078] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received mud pressure data to other downhole equipment or the host computer via the 485 transceiver module;

[0079] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received mud pressure data to the host computer on the ground via a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

[0080] Step S2: Drilling depth data transmission process;

[0081] Step S2.1: Data Acquisition;

[0082] The AB phase encoder monitors the drill pipe movement in real time and outputs two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift.

[0083] Step S2.2: Data calculation;

[0084] The comparator receives two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift from the AB phase encoder, calculates the drilling depth in real time, and transmits the drilling depth data to the MCU microcontroller.

[0085] Step S2.3: Data distribution;

[0086] The MCU microcontroller converts the received drilling depth data into a data format that can be displayed in real time on the driller's display in the ground display terminal, and transmits the drilling depth data to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display via the CAN transceiver module;

[0087] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received drilling depth data to other downhole equipment or a host computer via the 485 transceiver module;

[0088] The MCU microcontroller transmits the received drilling depth data to the host computer on the ground via a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. However, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling, characterized in that, include: The mud pressure sensing and detection circuit is used to convert mud pressure pulse signals into current signals, then convert analog signals into digital signals, and transmit the mud pressure data in digital form to the MCU microcontroller. The AB phase encoder detection circuit is used to monitor the movement of the drill pipe and output two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. The rotation direction and rotation angle of the drill pipe are determined by these two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. The drilling depth is obtained by real-time calculation of these two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift, and the drilling depth data is transmitted to the MCU microcontroller. MCU (Microcontroller Unit); It is used to receive mud pressure data from the mud pressure sensing and detection circuit and drilling depth data from the AB phase encoder detection circuit, and transmits the processed data to the CAN communication circuit, 485 communication circuit and wireless radio frequency circuit. The CAN communication circuit is used to transmit the mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display. The 485 communication circuit is used to transmit mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to other downhole equipment or host computer for bidirectional data transmission. The wireless radio frequency circuit is used to wirelessly transmit mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to the host computer on the ground.

2. The wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnitude of the current signal is 4mA-20mA.

3. The wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mud pressure sensing and detection circuit is implemented by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a mud pressure sensor. The mud pressure sensor is connected to the ADC and is installed on the wellhead. The ADC is connected to an MCU microcontroller. The mud pressure sensor converts the mud pressure pulse signal into a 4mA-20mA current signal and uploads it to the ADC. The ADC module converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital mud pressure data to the MCU microcontroller.

4. The wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The AB phase encoder detection circuit is implemented by an AB phase encoder and a comparator. The AB phase encoder is connected to the comparator, and the comparator is connected to the MCU microcontroller. The AB phase encoder is used to monitor the drill pipe movement and output two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. The comparator is used to receive the two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift output by the AB phase encoder, calculate the drilling depth in real time from the received two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift, and transmit the drilling depth data to the MCU microcontroller.

5. The wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CAN communication circuit is implemented by a CAN transceiver module. The driller's display in the ground display terminal is connected to the CAN transceiver module, which is connected to the MCU microcontroller. The CAN transceiver module is connected to both the MCU microcontroller and the driller's display via a CAN interface. The mud pressure data and drilling depth data output by the MCU microcontroller are transmitted in real time to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display.

6. The logging-while-drilling wireless sensor data transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 485 communication circuit is implemented by a 485 transceiver module. Other downhole equipment or host computer is connected to the 485 transceiver module, which is connected to an MCU microcontroller. The 485 transceiver module transmits mud pressure data and drilling depth data sent by the MCU microcontroller to other downhole equipment or host computer for bidirectional data transmission.

7. The logging-while-drilling wireless sensor data transmitting device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The 485 transceiver module uses a differential signal transmission 485 communication interface. The 485 transceiver module performs bidirectional data transmission with other downhole equipment or host computer through the 485 communication interface to ensure reliable communication between devices.

8. The wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless radio frequency circuit is implemented by a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module. The host computer is connected to the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module, and the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module is connected to an MCU microcontroller. The mud pressure data and drilling depth data are transmitted wirelessly to the host computer on the ground through the 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

9. A wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling according to any one of claims 3-8, characterized in that, The MCU microcontroller is connected to an AD analog-to-digital converter, a comparator, a CAN transceiver module, a 485 transceiver module, and a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module. The MCU microcontroller primarily receives mud pressure data from the AD converter and drilling depth data from the comparator. It converts the received mud pressure and drilling depth data into a format that can be displayed in real-time on the driller's display in the surface terminal, and transmits this data to the driller's display in real-time via the CAN transceiver module. The MCU microcontroller also transmits the received mud pressure and drilling depth data to other downhole equipment or a host computer via the 485 transceiver module, enabling bidirectional data transmission and ensuring reliable communication between devices. The MCU microcontroller transmits the received mud pressure data and drilling depth data wirelessly to the host computer on the ground via a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

10. A method for transmitting wireless sensor data while drilling, implemented using a wireless sensor data transmitting device for logging while drilling as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Mud pressure data transmission process; Step S1.1: Data Acquisition; The mud pressure pulse signal is converted into a 4mA-20mA current signal by the mud pressure sensor on the well and then uploaded to a high-precision AD analog-to-digital converter. Step S1.2: Analog-to-digital conversion; This high-precision ADC module is used to convert analog signals into digital signals; Step S1.3: Data transmission; The mud pressure data is transmitted to the MCU microcontroller; Step S1.4: Data distribution; The MCU microcontroller converts the received mud pressure data into a data format that can be displayed in real time on the driller's display in the ground display terminal, and transmits the mud pressure data to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display via the CAN transceiver module; The MCU microcontroller transmits the received mud pressure data to other downhole equipment or the host computer via the 485 transceiver module; The MCU microcontroller transmits the received mud pressure data to the host computer on the ground via a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module; Step S2: Drilling depth data transmission process; Step S2.1: Data Acquisition; The AB phase encoder monitors the drill pipe movement in real time and outputs two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift. Step S2.2: Data calculation; The comparator receives two square wave signals with a 90-degree phase shift from the AB phase encoder, calculates the drilling depth in real time, and transmits the drilling depth data to the MCU microcontroller. Step S2.3: Data distribution; The MCU microcontroller converts the received drilling depth data into a data format that can be displayed in real time on the driller's display in the ground display terminal, and transmits the drilling depth data to the driller's display in the ground display terminal for real-time display via the CAN transceiver module; The MCU microcontroller transmits the received drilling depth data to other downhole equipment or a host computer via the 485 transceiver module; The MCU microcontroller transmits the received drilling depth data to the host computer on the ground via a 433MHz wireless radio frequency module.

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