Electromagnetic induction type liquid metal refrigeration system and control method

Abstract

The application discloses an electromagnetic induction type liquid metal refrigeration system and a control method, which are used for a high-density heat flow heating body and comprise a heat-absorbing cold head, a radiator, a liquid storage tank and a magnetic pump. The heat-absorbing cold head, the radiator, the liquid storage tank and the magnetic pump are sequentially communicated through pipelines, the magnetic pump is communicated with the heat-absorbing cold head, and a circulation loop is formed. The heat-absorbing cold head is attached to the lower side of the high-density heat flow heating body. The liquid storage tank is used for storing liquid metal. The magnetic pump drives the liquid metal to flow in the circulation loop. The temperature of the liquid metal is detected, the liquid metal is preheated, the magnetic pump is started, and the flow of the liquid metal is controlled by adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic pump. The liquid metal flows through the heat-absorbing cold head, exchanges heat with the high-density heat flow heating body through a plurality of microchannels of the heat-absorbing cold head, and discharges heat by flowing through the radiator. The system is simple in structure, low in maintenance cost and capable of effectively improving the heat dissipation capacity of the high-heat-flow-density device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for high heat flux density power devices, and more specifically to an electromagnetic induction liquid metal cooling system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of semiconductor and power electronics technologies, the heat flux density of high-performance computing chips and power devices continues to rise. Currently, GPUs and CPUs with high heat flux densities have exceeded 150W / cm². 2 The next generation of products is expected to challenge 500W / cm². 2 .

[0003] In existing technologies, mainstream liquid cooling systems use water as the cooling medium. Water has a thermal conductivity of 0.6 W / m·K. Due to the inherent thermal conductivity of the medium, the cold plates in industrial-grade refrigeration systems using water as the medium can typically only handle temperatures up to 150 W / cm². 2 The heat flux density is high, and the water system suffers from problems such as corrosion, leakage, evaporation, scaling, and deterioration.

[0004] In addition, traditional vane mechanical pumps suffer from problems such as impeller wear, mechanical seal leakage, and limited bearing life, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the heat dissipation capability of high heat flux density power devices is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system and control method that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system for high-density heat flux heating elements includes: a heat-absorbing cold head, a radiator, a liquid storage tank, and a magnetic pump; The heat-absorbing cold head, radiator, liquid storage tank and magnetic pump are connected in sequence through pipelines. The magnetic pump is connected to the heat-absorbing cold head to form a circulation loop. The heat-absorbing cold head is attached to the underside of the high-density heat flow heating element; Liquid metal is stored in the storage tank; A magnetic pump drives liquid metal to flow in a circulation loop.

[0008] Preferably, the electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system further includes a heat-conducting layer composed of a heat-conducting interface material, wherein the heat-conducting interface material of the heat-conducting layer is located between the high-density heat flow heating element and the heat-absorbing cold head.

[0009] Preferably, the electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system further includes a temperature detection device, which is installed on the pipeline between the outlet of the heat-absorbing cold head and the inlet of the radiator, for detecting the temperature of the liquid metal output by the heat-absorbing cold head, or placed on a high-density heat flux heating element to directly detect the temperature of the heating element.

[0010] Preferably, the magnetic pump is an electromagnetic induction shaftless pump, which includes a pump body, a magnetic field generating device and a heating unit; The magnetic field generator produces a controllable rotating magnetic field or alternating magnetic field, and uses non-contact magnetic drive to drive the flow of conductive liquid metal using magnetic force; the heating unit is used to preheat the liquid metal in a low-temperature environment.

[0011] Preferably, the electromagnetic induction shaftless pump also includes a pressure detection device for detecting the pressure of the liquid metal in the pipeline of the electromagnetic induction shaftless pump.

[0012] Preferably, the heat-absorbing cold head includes several microchannels that exchange heat with the high-density heat flow heating element through heat conduction, and then transport the liquid metal after heat exchange to the heat sink for further heat exchange.

[0013] Preferably, the electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system further includes a control system connected to the magnetic pump and the temperature detection device, which is used to start the heating unit and the magnetic field generating device according to the detected temperature and the preset threshold; and to adjust the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pump according to the difference between the detected temperature and the target temperature, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the liquid metal.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid metal is a gallium-based liquid metal, an indium-based liquid metal, or other low-melting-point alloy liquid metal.

[0015] Preferably, the heat dissipation method of the radiator includes air cooling, water cooling or direct refrigerant cooling.

[0016] A control method for an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system, based on the aforementioned electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system, includes: S1. When the temperature of the detected liquid metal is lower than the preset threshold, the magnetic pump heating unit is activated to preheat the liquid metal; when the detected temperature reaches the preset working temperature, the magnetic pump magnetic field generator is activated. S2. The magnetic pump pumps the liquid metal out of the storage tank pipe, driving the liquid metal to flow in the circulation loop. The flow rate of the liquid metal is controlled by adjusting the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pump. S3. Liquid metal flows through the heat-absorbing cold head and absorbs the heat transferred between the heat-absorbing cold head and the high-density heat flow heating element through several microchannels by heat conduction. S4. The liquid metal flows through the radiator to dissipate heat. The temperature of the liquid metal is detected in real time. The magnetic pump is adjusted according to the temperature feedback signal to achieve closed-loop temperature control and control the start and stop of the magnetic pump heating unit and power adjustment.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system and control method. The system has a simple structure, low maintenance cost, and uses liquid metal as a heat transfer medium with high thermal conductivity, easily handling temperatures exceeding 240 W / cm². 2 The heat flux density is high; due to the excellent thermal conductivity and fluidity of liquid metal, it can quickly remove heat from the core of the high-density heat flux heating element, making the core temperature much lower than that of traditional solutions, providing huge potential for performance optimization; the magnetic pump is a bladeless pump that drives the flow of liquid metal through a magnetic field, with no wear and no maintenance; it is suitable for a variety of high heat flux density devices such as GPUs, CPUs, IGBTs, lasers, and power modules. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic induction shaftless pump provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] This invention discloses an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system for high-density heat flux heating elements, comprising: a heat-absorbing cold head, a radiator, a liquid storage tank, and a magnetic pump; The heat-absorbing cold head, radiator, liquid storage tank and magnetic pump are connected in sequence through pipelines. The magnetic pump is connected to the heat-absorbing cold head to form a circulation loop. The heat-absorbing cold head is attached to the underside of the high-density heat flow heating element; Liquid metal is stored in the storage tank; A magnetic pump drives liquid metal to flow in a circulation loop.

[0022] In this embodiment, to prevent the liquid metal from solidifying at low temperatures, a preheating device, such as a flexible heating film, is installed on the pump body or key parts to ensure normal cold start of the system.

[0023] To further implement the above technical solution, an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system further includes a heat-conducting layer composed of a heat-conducting interface material, wherein the heat-conducting interface material of the heat-conducting layer is located between the high-density heat flow heating element and the heat-absorbing cold head.

[0024] In practical applications, the thermal conductivity is 26.6-100 W / m·K, and the interfacial thermal resistance is 2 mm. 2 ·K / W, utilizing its extremely low contact thermal resistance, ensures efficient heat transfer to the cooling system.

[0025] To further implement the above technical solution, an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system also includes a temperature detection device, which is installed on the pipeline between the outlet of the heat-absorbing cold head and the inlet of the radiator, for detecting the temperature of the liquid metal output by the heat-absorbing cold head, or placed on a high-density heat flux heating element to directly detect the temperature of the heating element.

[0026] To further implement the above technical solutions, such as Figure 2 The magnetic pump is an electromagnetic induction shaftless pump, which includes a pump body, a magnetic field generating device and a heating unit (not shown). The magnetic field generator produces a controllable rotating magnetic field or alternating magnetic field, employing non-contact magnetic drive to drive the flow of conductive liquid metal using magnetic force; the heating unit is used to preheat the liquid metal in low-temperature environments. In this embodiment, the magnetic field generating device controls the flow rate of liquid metal by adjusting the magnetic field strength and controls the flow direction by controlling the magnetic field direction; The heating unit employs electromagnetic induction heating, resistance heating, and other methods to preheat the liquid metal flowing through the pump body during system cold starts or in low-temperature environments. This ensures the liquid metal maintains good fluidity and prevents solidification and blockage of the pipeline. The heating unit and pump body are integrated into a single unit, occupying no extra space. Heat is directly transferred to the liquid metal, resulting in high thermal efficiency and fast response. The heating unit is equipped with a temperature sensor, allowing the system to automatically adjust the heating power based on the ambient temperature or the actual temperature of the liquid metal, achieving precise temperature control. The magnetic pump is an electromagnetic induction shaftless pump that uses a non-contact magnetic drive principle. It generates an induced current through an alternating magnetic field to drive the flow of liquid metal. It has no mechanical friction, long service life, low noise, and no mechanical seal structure, thus avoiding liquid metal leakage.

[0027] To further implement the above technical solution, the electromagnetic induction shaftless pump also includes a pressure detection device for detecting the pressure of the liquid metal in the pipeline of the electromagnetic induction shaftless pump.

[0028] To further implement the above technical solution, the heat-absorbing cold head includes several microchannels, which exchange heat with the high-density heat flow heating element through heat conduction, and then transport the liquid metal after heat exchange to the heat sink for heat exchange.

[0029] In this implementation, the microchannel material is copper or other metals with high thermal conductivity, capable of handling heat flux densities >240W / cm². 2 The microchannel structure greatly increases the heat exchange area, and the liquid metal can quickly carry away the heat when it passes through, keeping the chip temperature rise within the required range.

[0030] An electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system further includes a control system connected to a magnetic pump and a temperature detection device, which is used to start the heating unit and the magnetic field generating device according to the detected temperature and a preset threshold; and to adjust the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pump according to the difference between the detected temperature and the target temperature, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the liquid metal.

[0031] To further implement the above technical solution, the liquid metal is gallium-based liquid metal, indium-based liquid metal, or other low-melting-point alloy liquid metal, which has high thermal conductivity, high boiling point, and good fluidity.

[0032] To further implement the above technical solutions, the heat dissipation methods of the radiator include natural cooling, air cooling, water cooling, or direct refrigerant cooling, and the appropriate heat dissipation method is selected according to the actual application scenario.

[0033] In another embodiment, an electromagnetic induction liquid metal cooling system is applied to GPU heat dissipation; Upon system power-up, the controller initializes and reads signals from the temperature detection device. When the detected temperature is below 15°C, the heating unit is activated to preheat the liquid metal. When the detected temperature reaches 25°C, the controller activates the magnetic pump via the drive circuit. The magnetic pump drives the liquid metal to flow in the circulation loop. The liquid metal flows through several microchannels within the heat-absorbing head, exchanging heat with the GPU chip via thermal conduction and absorbing heat. After absorbing heat, the liquid metal flows through the heat sink, where the heat is dissipated by the fan and returned to the storage tank after cooling. The controller adjusts the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pump based on the difference between the detected temperature and the target temperature, thereby regulating the flow rate.

[0034] In another embodiment, an electromagnetic induction liquid metal cooling system is applied to the heat dissipation of power electronics in electric vehicles, specifically for heat dissipation of power electronics such as electric vehicle motor controllers, DC-DC converters, and on-board chargers; it is suitable for the vehicle environment, must withstand vibration and shock, and the ambient temperature range is -40°C to +85°C; the liquid metal is a low-melting-point gallium-based alloy with a melting point below 30°C; the heating unit of the magnetic pump is enhanced with power and configured to rapidly preheat the liquid metal in an environment of -40°C; the radiator is integrated with the vehicle cooling system and adopts liquid metal cooling; the control system dynamically adjusts the heat dissipation power according to the operating conditions.

[0035] A control method for an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system, based on an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system, comprising: S1. When the temperature of the detected liquid metal is lower than the preset threshold, the magnetic pump heating unit is activated to preheat the liquid metal; when the detected temperature reaches the preset working temperature, the magnetic pump magnetic field generator is activated. S2. The magnetic pump pumps the liquid metal out of the storage tank pipe, driving the liquid metal to flow in the circulation loop. The flow rate of the liquid metal is controlled by adjusting the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pump. S3. Liquid metal flows through the heat-absorbing cold head and absorbs the heat transferred between the heat-absorbing cold head and the high-density heat flow heating element through several microchannels by heat conduction. S4. The liquid metal flows through the radiator to dissipate heat. The temperature of the liquid metal is detected in real time. The magnetic pump is adjusted according to the temperature feedback signal to achieve closed-loop temperature control and control the start and stop of the magnetic pump heating unit and power adjustment.

[0036] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0037] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system for high-density heat flux heating elements, characterized in that, include: Heat-absorbing cold head, radiator, liquid storage tank and magnetic pump; The heat-absorbing cold head, radiator, liquid storage tank and magnetic pump are connected in sequence through pipelines. The magnetic pump is connected to the heat-absorbing cold head to form a circulation loop. The heat-absorbing cold head is attached to the underside of the high-density heat flow heating element; Liquid metal is stored in the storage tank; A magnetic pump drives liquid metal to flow in a circulation loop.

2. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heat-conducting layer, which is made of a heat-conducting interface material and is located between the high-density heat flow heating element and the heat-absorbing cold head.

3. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature detection device, which is installed on the pipe between the outlet of the heat-absorbing cold head and the inlet of the heat sink to detect the temperature of the liquid metal output by the heat-absorbing cold head, or placed on the high-density heat flow heating element to directly detect the temperature of the heating element.

4. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic pump is an electromagnetic induction shaftless pump, which includes a pump body, a magnetic field generating device, and a heating unit; The magnetic field generator produces a controllable rotating magnetic field or alternating magnetic field, and uses non-contact magnetic drive to drive the flow of conductive liquid metal using magnetic force; the heating unit is used to preheat the liquid metal in a low-temperature environment.

5. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The electromagnetic induction shaftless pump also includes a pressure detection device for detecting the pressure of the liquid metal in the pump's pipeline.

6. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The heat-absorbing cold head includes several microchannels that exchange heat with the high-density heat flow heating element through heat conduction, and then transport the liquid metal after heat exchange to the heat sink for further heat exchange.

7. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a control system, which is connected to the magnetic pump and the temperature detection device respectively, and is used to start the heating unit and the magnetic field generator according to the detected temperature and the preset threshold. It is also used to adjust the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pump based on the difference between the detected temperature and the target temperature, thereby regulating the flow rate of liquid metal.

8. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid metal is gallium-based liquid metal, indium-based liquid metal, or other low-melting-point alloy liquid metal.

9. The electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Heat dissipation methods for radiators include air cooling, water cooling, or direct refrigerant cooling.

10. A control method for an electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system, characterized in that, An electromagnetic induction liquid metal refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1-9 includes: S1. When the temperature of the detected liquid metal is lower than the preset threshold, the magnetic pump heating unit is activated to preheat the liquid metal; when the detected temperature reaches the preset working temperature, the magnetic pump magnetic field generator is activated. S2. The magnetic pump pumps the liquid metal out of the storage tank pipe, driving the liquid metal to flow in the circulation loop. The flow rate of the liquid metal is controlled by adjusting the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pump. S3. Liquid metal flows through the heat-absorbing cold head and absorbs the heat transferred between the heat-absorbing cold head and the high-density heat flow heating element through several microchannels by heat conduction. S4. The liquid metal flows through the radiator to dissipate heat. The temperature of the liquid metal is detected in real time. The magnetic pump is adjusted according to the temperature feedback signal to achieve closed-loop temperature control and control the start and stop of the magnetic pump heating unit and power adjustment.

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