Miniature butterfly cable for transformer winding detection, composite electromagnetic wire and system

Abstract

This invention discloses a miniature butterfly-shaped optical cable, composite electromagnetic wire, and system for transformer winding detection, relating to the field of transformer condition monitoring technology. The key technical features are: an outer sheath containing a first sensing optical fiber and a second sensing optical fiber arranged side-by-side within it, with a tensile reinforcement between them. The first sensing optical fiber transmits strain detection optical signals, and the second sensing optical fiber transmits temperature detection optical signals. The outer sheath is an integrally molded structure that encloses and fixes the first and second sensing optical fibers and the tensile reinforcement. The outer sheath is made of oil-resistant and high-temperature-resistant insulating material, with a major axis of 0.8mm-1mm and a minor axis of 0.2mm-0.45mm. This invention achieves dual-fiber co-location and comprehensive protection through an integrated miniature optical cable structure, solving the problems of easy misalignment, high fiber breakage rate, and insufficient protection capacity in discrete fiber laying, thus improving the accuracy and lifespan of distributed detection of transformer winding deformation and temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transformer condition monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a miniature butterfly optical cable, composite electromagnetic wire, and system for transformer winding detection. Background Technology

[0002] Transformers are core equipment in power systems. Winding deformation and local overheating are the main causes of insulation failures. Real-time, distributed monitoring of winding deformation and temperature is crucial to ensuring the safe operation of transformers.

[0003] Distributed fiber optic sensing technology enables high-precision, long-distance continuous distributed measurement, accurately reflecting the temperature and strain state along the winding. However, in practical transformer applications, bare optical fibers are currently commonly used for detection, which presents the following problems: First, when two bare optical fibers are used for strain and temperature detection respectively, there is no fixed structure between them. Tension is difficult to control synchronously during installation, easily leading to misalignment, slippage, and uneven initial strain. This results in spatial misalignment between the temperature measurement point and the strain detection point. When a temperature gradient exists within the winding, the temperature data cannot accurately reflect the actual temperature at the strain measurement point, producing inherent temperature compensation errors. Second, bare optical fibers lack any protective layer and cannot withstand long-term corrosion from transformer oil, high temperatures, and moisture. Ordinary coatings are prone to aging, swelling, and cracking under high-temperature oil immersion, leading to fiber core breakage and failing to meet the service life requirements of commercial transformers. Third, bare optical fibers have extremely low tensile strength and are easily broken during transformer winding under tension, bending, and friction, resulting in a high fiber breakage rate, difficult installation, and hindering industrial mass production.

[0004] Furthermore, to improve fiber optic integration, some solutions attempt to machine grooves on the surface of flat copper conductors using a cutting process, and then embed two discrete optical fibers side-by-side into the grooves. However, machining these grooves can create burrs, sharp corners, and residual stress at the groove edges. These defects can easily lead to electric field concentration and partial discharge under a high-voltage electric field, making them unsuitable for high-voltage transformers. Additionally, a gap still exists between the two discrete optical fibers, and since they are not fixed, the relative displacement problem remains unresolved.

[0005] Therefore, a new solution is needed to address this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a miniature butterfly optical cable, composite electromagnetic wire and system for transformer winding detection, in order to solve the above problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection, comprising an outer sheath, wherein a first sensing optical fiber and a second sensing optical fiber are arranged side by side inside the outer sheath, and a tensile reinforcement is provided between the first sensing optical fiber and the second sensing optical fiber. The first sensing optical fiber is used to transmit strain detection optical signals, and the second sensing optical fiber is used to transmit temperature detection optical signals. The outer sheath is an integrally formed structure that wraps and fixes the first sensing optical fiber, the second sensing optical fiber, and the tensile reinforcement. The outer sheath is made of oil-resistant and high-temperature resistant insulating material. The major axis of the cross-section of the outer sheath is 0.8mm-1mm, and the minor axis is 0.2mm-0.45mm.

[0008] Preferably, the first sensing fiber is a single-mode fiber, and the second sensing fiber is a multimode fiber.

[0009] Preferably, both the first sensing optical fiber and the second sensing optical fiber are provided with an ultraviolet-curable acrylate coating.

[0010] Preferably, the outer sheath is a modified polyolefin sheath, a thermoplastic polyurethane sheath, a fluoroplastic sheath, or a fluororubber sheath.

[0011] Preferably, the modified polyolefin sheath is a modified low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant and oil-resistant polyolefin sheath.

[0012] Preferably, the tensile reinforcement is an aramid fiber bundle, a polyester fiber bundle, a glass fiber bundle, a carbon fiber bundle, or a non-metallic mixed fiber bundle.

[0013] A composite electromagnetic wire includes any of the aforementioned miniature butterfly optical cables for transformer winding detection, and further includes a copper conductor, a thermally conductive insulating fixing layer, and an insulating paper layer. The copper conductor has an axially oriented groove, which is integrally drawn and has rounded edges. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection is embedded in the groove. The thermally conductive insulating fixing layer is disposed between the miniature butterfly optical cable and the groove, bonding and fixing the miniature butterfly optical cable to the groove. The insulating paper layer covers the exterior of the copper conductor after the miniature butterfly optical cable is embedded.

[0014] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating fixing layer is a modified epoxy resin thermally conductive insulating adhesive layer, and the thickness of the thermally conductive insulating fixing layer is ≤0.05mm.

[0015] A distributed detection system for transformer winding deformation and temperature includes the transformer winding made of the aforementioned composite electromagnetic wire, and further includes:

[0016] A laser used to emit pulsed laser light;

[0017] An optical switch, wherein the input end of the optical switch is connected to the laser, and the output end of the optical switch is connected to the first sensing fiber and the second sensing fiber respectively, for inputting the pulsed laser into the first sensing fiber and the second sensing fiber respectively;

[0018] A Raman optical time-domain reflectometer, connected to the second sensing fiber, is used to collect Raman scattering signals and demodulate them to obtain temperature distribution data along the transformer winding.

[0019] A Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, connected to the first sensing fiber, is used to collect Brillouin scattering signals and obtain Brillouin frequency shift data.

[0020] The data processing unit is connected to the Raman optical time-domain reflectometer and the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer, respectively. The data processing unit is used to receive the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding and the Brillouin frequency shift data, and to use the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding to perform temperature compensation on the Brillouin frequency shift data to obtain the strain distribution along the transformer winding.

[0021] A distributed detection method for transformer winding deformation and temperature, employing the aforementioned distributed detection system for transformer winding deformation and temperature, includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. The laser emits pulsed laser light, which is input into the first sensing fiber and the second sensing fiber respectively via the optical switch;

[0023] S2. The Raman optical time domain reflectometer collects the Raman scattering signal in the second sensing fiber and demodulates it to obtain the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding. The Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer collects the Brillouin scattering signal in the first sensing fiber to obtain the Brillouin frequency shift data.

[0024] S3. The data processing unit receives the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding and the Brillouin frequency shift data. Using the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding as a temperature compensation reference, it subtracts the frequency shift component caused by the temperature effect from the Brillouin frequency shift data to obtain pure strain distribution data. Based on the pure strain distribution data, it determines the deformation position and deformation amount of the transformer winding.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the miniature butterfly optical cable, composite electromagnetic wire and system for transformer winding detection disclosed in this invention are:

[0026] 1. The first sensing optical fiber, the second sensing optical fiber, and the tensile reinforcement are encased and fixed by an integrated molded outer sheath. The relative positions of the first and second sensing optical fibers are permanently fixed during production, avoiding the spatial misalignment and temperature compensation deviation problems caused by the relative displacement of discrete optical fibers. Simultaneously, the tensile reinforcement between the first and second sensing optical fibers withstands the tension during winding, protecting the fiber core from damage, resulting in a low fiber breakage rate and meeting the requirements of industrial mass production. Furthermore, the outer sheath uses oil-resistant and high-temperature-resistant insulating materials, effectively isolating the fiber from transformer oil, high temperatures, moisture, and corona corrosion, ensuring the stability of the optical cable during operation in transformers. In addition, the major axis of the outer sheath is 0.8mm-1mm, and the minor axis is 0.2mm-0.45mm, enabling miniaturization of the overall optical cable size, allowing it to be completely embedded in the groove of the copper conductor, achieving integrated integration of the sensing optical cable and the electromagnetic wire.

[0027] 2. The groove on the copper conductor is a one-piece drawn groove with rounded corners, making the groove surface smooth and burr-free, avoiding the risk of partial discharge from burrs. It is suitable for high-voltage transformers. After the miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding testing is embedded in the groove, the composite electromagnetic wire has the same external dimensions as the conventional electromagnetic wire, eliminating the need for additional fiber optic cable laying, making wiring convenient and with good process compatibility.

[0028] 3. The temperature distribution along the transformer winding is obtained by Raman optical time domain reflectometer, and the Brillouin frequency shift is obtained by Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer. The data processing unit performs temperature compensation and decoupling with the measured temperature at the same location to accurately obtain the pure strain distribution, thereby realizing high-precision distributed detection of the deformation location and deformation amount of the transformer winding. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite electromagnetic wire according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite molding die line according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4This is a structural block diagram of a distributed detection system for transformer winding deformation and temperature according to an embodiment of this application.

[0034] The numbers or letters in the attached diagram represent the names of the corresponding components:

[0035] 1. Outer sheath; 2. First sensing fiber; 3. Second sensing fiber; 4. Tensile reinforcement; 5. Thermally conductive insulating fixing layer; 6. Copper conductor; 7. Insulating paper layer; 8. Integrated molding mold; 81. Molding groove; 9. Laser; 10. Optical switch; 11. Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer; 12. Raman optical time domain reflectometer; 13. Data processing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described through specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection, comprising an outer sheath 1, within which a first sensing optical fiber 2 and a second sensing optical fiber 3 are arranged side-by-side, with a tensile reinforcement 4 positioned between the first sensing optical fiber 2 and the second sensing optical fiber 3. The first sensing optical fiber 2 is used to transmit strain detection optical signals, and the second sensing optical fiber 3 is used to transmit temperature detection optical signals. The outer sheath 1 is an integrally formed structure that encloses and fixes the first sensing optical fiber 2, the second sensing optical fiber 3, and the tensile reinforcement 4. The outer sheath 1 is made of oil-resistant and high-temperature resistant insulating material. The major axis of the cross-section of the outer sheath 1 is 0.8mm-1mm, specifically 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 0.95mm, or 1mm, and the minor axis is 0.2mm-0.45mm, specifically 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, or 0.45mm. Wherein, the major axis of the cross section refers to the maximum outer diameter dimension along the parallel direction of the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3 in the cross section profile of the outer sheath 1, and the minor axis of the cross section refers to the maximum outer diameter dimension perpendicular to the major axis of the cross section profile of the outer sheath 1.

[0038] In the above configuration, the first sensing fiber 2, the second sensing fiber 3, and the tensile reinforcement 4 are encased and fixed by an integrated outer sheath 1. The relative positions of the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3 are permanently fixed during production, avoiding the spatial misalignment and temperature compensation deviation problems caused by the relative displacement of discrete optical fibers. Simultaneously, the tensile reinforcement 4 between the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3 withstands the tension during the winding process, protecting the fiber core from damage, resulting in a low fiber breakage rate and meeting the requirements of industrial mass production. Furthermore, the outer sheath 1 uses oil-resistant and high-temperature-resistant insulating materials, effectively isolating transformer oil, high temperature, moisture, and corona corrosion, ensuring the stability of the optical cable during operation in the transformer. In addition, the major axis of the cross-section of the outer sheath 1 is 0.8mm-1mm, and the minor axis is 0.2mm-0.45mm, enabling miniaturization of the overall size of the optical cable, allowing it to be completely embedded in the groove of the copper conductor 6, achieving integrated integration of the sensing optical cable and the electromagnetic wire. In a preferred embodiment, the major axis of the outer sheath 1 is 1.0 mm and the minor axis is 0.45 mm. With this size, the optical cable has the best miniaturization while ensuring the normal layout of the internal optical fiber and tensile reinforcement 4, and is easier to embed into the groove of the copper conductor 6.

[0039] In this embodiment, the first sensing fiber 2 is a single-mode fiber, and the second sensing fiber 3 is a multimode fiber. Specifically, the first sensing fiber 2 uses commercially available standard G.652D single-mode fiber with a core and cladding diameter of 9 / 125 μm; the second sensing fiber 3 uses commercially available multimode fiber with a graded refractive index of 50 / 125 μm. Both the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3 are coated with a UV-curable acrylate coating, resulting in a finished outer diameter of 250 μm. The tensile reinforcement 4 is an aramid fiber bundle, but can also be a polyester fiber bundle, glass fiber bundle, carbon fiber bundle, or non-metallic hybrid fiber bundle. The tensile reinforcement 4 is located at the centerline between the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3, i.e., the neutral layer of the optical cable, effectively bearing the tensile force during the winding process without affecting strain transmission. The outer sheath 1 is a modified low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant and oil-resistant polyolefin sheath, or it can be a thermoplastic polyurethane sheath, a fluoroplastic sheath, or a fluororubber sheath. The outer sheath 1 is integrally formed by extrusion, tightly wrapping and fixing the relative positions of the first sensing optical fiber 2, the second sensing optical fiber 3, and the tensile reinforcement 4. The modified low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant and oil-resistant polyolefin sheath has been formulated to withstand long-term high temperature of 120℃ and transformer oil immersion, and has good anti-corona performance. The first sensing optical fiber 2 and the second sensing optical fiber 3 are arranged side by side, which can be arranged symmetrically from left to right, vertically, or staggered.

[0040] Please see Figure 2The present invention also discloses a composite electromagnetic wire, including the aforementioned miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection, and further including a copper conductor 6, a thermally conductive insulating fixing layer 5, and an insulating paper layer 7. The surface of the copper conductor 6 has an axially oriented groove, which is integrally drawn and formed, with rounded edges. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection is embedded in the groove, and the thermally conductive insulating fixing layer 5 is disposed between the miniature butterfly optical cable and the groove, bonding and fixing the miniature butterfly optical cable to the groove. The insulating paper layer 7 covers the exterior of the copper conductor 6 after the miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection is embedded.

[0041] In the above configuration, the groove on the copper conductor 6 is a one-piece drawn groove with rounded corners at the edges, making the groove surface smooth and burr-free, avoiding the risk of partial discharge from burrs, and suitable for high-voltage transformers; after the miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection is embedded in the groove, the composite electromagnetic wire has the same external dimensions as the conventional electromagnetic wire, eliminating the need for additional fiber optic cable laying, making wiring convenient and with good process compatibility.

[0042] Please see Figure 3 In this embodiment, the groove on the copper conductor 6 is formed using an integral molding mold 8 during the process of drawing the copper rod into a flat wire. The integral molding mold 8 has an axially extending forming groove 81. The cross-sectional dimensions of the forming groove 81 are compatible with the cross-sectional dimensions of the miniature butterfly optical cable used for transformer winding detection, and their shapes are also compatible, resulting in a smooth surface on the groove of the copper conductor 6. This allows the composite electromagnetic wire to be directly applied to the windings of 110kV, 220kV, and other high-voltage transformers. The thermally conductive insulating fixing layer 5 is a modified epoxy resin thermally conductive insulating adhesive layer. The thickness of the thermally conductive insulating fixing layer 5 is ≤0.05mm, specifically 0.04mm and 0.05mm. It ensures good heat conduction, allowing the temperature of the copper conductor 6 to be quickly transferred to the temperature-sensing optical fiber, while also providing reliable mechanical fixing strength. The dimensions of the composite electromagnetic wire after wrapping with insulating paper are completely consistent with the same specification of flat copper wire without embedded optical cable. It can be directly wound into transformer windings on existing winding machines according to standard processes without any special tooling or additional procedures.

[0043] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4This invention also discloses a distributed detection system for transformer winding deformation and temperature, comprising a transformer winding wound with the aforementioned composite electromagnetic wire, and further comprising a laser 9, an optical switch 10, a Raman optical time-domain reflectometer 12, a Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer 11, and a data processing unit 13. The optical switch 10 can be a 1×2 mechanical optical switch 10 or a 1×2 MEMS optical switch 10, such as a DiCon MEMS 1×2 optical switch 10 module. The laser 9 is used to emit pulsed laser light. The input end of the optical switch 10 is connected to the laser 9, and the output end of the optical switch 10 is connected to the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3, respectively, for inputting the pulsed laser light into the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3, respectively. The Raman optical time-domain reflectometer 12 is connected to the second sensing fiber 3, for acquiring Raman scattering signals and demodulating them to obtain temperature distribution data along the transformer winding. The Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer 11 is connected to the first sensing fiber 2, for acquiring Brillouin scattering signals and obtaining Brillouin frequency shift data. The data processing unit 13 is connected to the Raman optical time domain reflectometer 12 and the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer 11 respectively. The data processing unit 13 is a computer. The data processing unit 13 is used to receive the temperature distribution data and Brillouin frequency shift data along the transformer winding, and use the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding to perform temperature compensation on the Brillouin frequency shift data to obtain the strain distribution along the transformer winding.

[0044] In the above setup, the temperature distribution along the transformer winding is obtained by Raman optical time domain reflectometer 12, and the Brillouin frequency shift is obtained by Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer 11. The data processing unit 13 performs temperature compensation and decoupling with the measured temperature at the same location to accurately obtain the pure strain distribution, thereby achieving high-precision distributed detection of the deformation location and deformation amount of the transformer winding.

[0045] This invention also discloses a distributed detection method for transformer winding deformation and temperature, which employs the aforementioned distributed detection system for transformer winding deformation and temperature and includes the following steps:

[0046] S1, laser 9 emits pulsed laser light, which is input into the first sensing fiber 2 and the second sensing fiber 3 respectively via optical switch 10;

[0047] S2. Raman optical time domain reflectometer 12 collects Raman scattering signals in the second sensing fiber 3 and demodulates them to obtain temperature distribution data along the transformer winding. Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer 11 collects Brillouin scattering signals in the first sensing fiber 2 to obtain Brillouin frequency shift data.

[0048] S3. The data processing unit 13 receives the temperature distribution data and Brillouin frequency shift data along the transformer winding. Using the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding as the temperature compensation reference, it subtracts the frequency shift component caused by the temperature effect from the Brillouin frequency shift data to obtain pure strain distribution data. Based on the pure strain distribution data, it determines the deformation location and deformation amount of the transformer winding.

[0049] In the above method, since the single-mode fiber and multimode fiber are permanently fixed within the same outer sheath 1, they are completely co-located in space. There is no positional deviation during temperature compensation, completely eliminating the compensation error caused by spatial non-co-location in discrete fiber schemes. This makes the detection results of deformation position and deformation amount more accurate and reliable. It is understood that the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer 11 in the above system can be equivalently replaced by a Brillouin optical frequency domain analyzer, or a distributed fiber optic sensing architecture such as a single-device self-decoupling method or a Rayleigh scattering-assisted detection method can be adopted.

[0050] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A miniature butterfly-shaped optical cable for transformer winding detection, characterized in that: The device includes an outer sheath, within which a first sensing optical fiber and a second sensing optical fiber are arranged side-by-side. A tensile reinforcement is disposed between the first and second sensing optical fibers. The first sensing optical fiber is used to transmit strain detection optical signals, and the second sensing optical fiber is used to transmit temperature detection optical signals. The outer sheath is an integrally molded structure that wraps and fixes the first sensing optical fiber, the second sensing optical fiber, and the tensile reinforcement. The outer sheath is made of oil-resistant and high-temperature-resistant insulating material. The major axis of the cross-section of the outer sheath is 0.8mm-1mm, and the minor axis is 0.2mm-0.45mm.

2. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first sensing fiber is a single-mode fiber, and the second sensing fiber is a multimode fiber.

3. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second sensing optical fibers are coated with a UV-curable acrylate coating.

4. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer sheath is a modified polyolefin sheath, a thermoplastic polyurethane sheath, a fluoroplastic sheath, or a fluororubber sheath.

5. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection according to claim 4, characterized in that: The modified polyolefin sheath is a modified low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant and oil-resistant polyolefin sheath.

6. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensile reinforcement is an aramid fiber bundle, a polyester fiber bundle, a glass fiber bundle, a carbon fiber bundle, or a non-metallic mixed fiber bundle.

7. A composite electromagnetic wire, comprising a miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a copper conductor, a thermally conductive insulating fixing layer, and an insulating paper layer. The surface of the copper conductor has a groove along the axial direction. The groove is an integrally drawn groove with rounded corners at the edges. The miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection is embedded in the groove. The thermally conductive insulating fixing layer is disposed between the miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection and the groove, bonding and fixing the miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection in the groove. The insulating paper layer covers the outside of the copper conductor after the miniature butterfly optical cable for transformer winding detection is embedded.

8. The composite electromagnetic wire according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thermally conductive and insulating fixing layer is a modified epoxy resin thermally conductive and insulating adhesive layer, and the thickness of the thermally conductive and insulating fixing layer is ≤0.05mm.

9. A distributed detection system for transformer winding deformation and temperature, comprising a transformer winding wound with composite electromagnetic wire as described in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Also includes: A laser used to emit pulsed laser light; An optical switch, wherein the input end of the optical switch is connected to the laser, and the output end of the optical switch is connected to the first sensing fiber and the second sensing fiber respectively, for inputting the pulsed laser into the first sensing fiber and the second sensing fiber respectively; A Raman optical time-domain reflectometer, connected to the second sensing fiber, is used to collect Raman scattering signals and demodulate them to obtain temperature distribution data along the transformer winding. A Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, connected to the first sensing fiber, is used to collect Brillouin scattering signals and obtain Brillouin frequency shift data. The data processing unit is connected to the Raman optical time-domain reflectometer and the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer, respectively. The data processing unit is used to receive the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding and the Brillouin frequency shift data, and to use the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding to perform temperature compensation on the Brillouin frequency shift data to obtain the strain distribution along the transformer winding.

10. A distributed detection method for transformer winding deformation and temperature, employing the distributed detection system for transformer winding deformation and temperature as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The laser emits pulsed laser light, which is input into the first sensing fiber and the second sensing fiber respectively via the optical switch; S2. The Raman optical time domain reflectometer collects the Raman scattering signal in the second sensing fiber and demodulates it to obtain the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding. The Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer collects the Brillouin scattering signal in the first sensing fiber to obtain the Brillouin frequency shift data. S3. The data processing unit receives the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding and the Brillouin frequency shift data. Using the temperature distribution data along the transformer winding as a temperature compensation reference, it subtracts the frequency shift component caused by the temperature effect from the Brillouin frequency shift data to obtain pure strain distribution data. Based on the pure strain distribution data, it determines the deformation position and deformation amount of the transformer winding.

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