A carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing
Through the systematic and coordinated design of the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component, the adaptive wear compensation wall scraping component, and the spiral gas supply linkage component, the problems of mixing uniformity and operating condition adaptability in carbon dioxide sand-carrying fracturing are solved, realizing the efficient, reliable and long-life operation of the equipment, and making it suitable for large-scale fracturing operations in oil fields.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610723547.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
Smart Images
Figure CN122377321A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of oilfield fracturing equipment technology, specifically a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection well fracturing. Background Technology
[0002] Oilfield fracturing is a key process that involves injecting fluids, such as carbon dioxide proppant, into the downhole formation to create fractures and provide support, thereby improving oil and gas recovery. Among these processes, the carbon dioxide proppant delivery unit is the core equipment for the precise delivery of fluids and proppant. Its performance directly determines the morphology of the fracturing fractures and the uniformity of proppant distribution, which in turn affects the efficiency of oil and gas extraction.
[0003] Carbon dioxide proppant fracturing is a revolutionary technology for improving the recovery rate of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs. However, its core processes suffer from fundamental conflicts. The extreme operating conditions required by the proppant-carrying unit and the dynamic and precise control requirements of the mixing and delivery process are difficult to reconcile. The existing technical architecture, which is mainly based on mechanical stirring and simple screw feed, cannot adapt to the phase sensitivity of liquid carbon dioxide, the sedimentation tendency of proppant, and the real-time changes in the flow rate demand of the downstream fracturing system due to insufficient homogenization mixing capacity and defects in the static control mode. This leads to two major systemic defects: First, the mixing and delivery efficiency is unstable. The turbulence intensity of traditional stirring or jet mixing is insufficient to break up proppant clusters, resulting in low mixing uniformity. The sedimentation of proppant clusters can easily cause downhole sand blockage accidents. At the same time, the feed subsystem often experiences proppant sticking to the wall and screw blockage at low temperatures. The static delivery mode cannot respond to fluctuations in downstream flow rate demand. Uncontrolled proppant ratio leads to waste of proppant and CO2, insufficient fracture support, and significant deterioration of fracturing effect. Secondly, the lack of long-term reliable operation guarantee for the equipment means that the existing equipment is a stack of isolated functional units, and the status parameters such as the wear rate of key components, leakage trend of sealing interface, and dynamic deviation of feed accuracy are in a black box. Quality assurance and risk prevention rely on periodic shutdowns for disassembly inspection and post-event maintenance, resulting in poor operation continuity, high maintenance costs, and the inability to predict seal failure or sudden component damage. Fracturing operations face unplanned shutdowns, safety and environmental risks, and the hidden dangers of project failure and greenhouse gas emissions due to sudden leakage of liquid CO2. The existing technical architecture can no longer meet the industrial demand for intelligent, high-efficiency, and high-reliability development of carbon dioxide proppant fracturing. There is an urgent need for an integrated device that can solve the problems of mixing uniformity, adaptive operation, and state controllability in principle.
[0004] Therefore, we propose a carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing to address the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing. The multi-layered collaborative sealing and visual detection design effectively reduces CO2 leakage rate and sand intrusion rate to an extremely low level. The core design, which has no electronic components, no algorithm dependence, and no need for regular calibration, gives the equipment a long lifespan and maintenance-free characteristics, perfectly adapting to the needs of large-scale fracturing operations in oilfields.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing includes a drive motor, a resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component, an adaptive wear compensation wall scraping component, and a spiral gas supply linkage component, wherein the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component, the adaptive wear compensation wall scraping component, and the spiral gas supply linkage component are all installed on the top of the drive motor; The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component includes a flow sensor, a lever, and a push rod. The flow sensor is used to sense changes in the material conveying flow rate in real time. The top of the lever is connected to the bottom of the flow sensor. The left side of the lever is the long side and the right side is the short side. The top of the short side of the lever is designed with a conical surface. The bottom of one end of the outer wall of the push rod is designed with a conical surface. The push rod is used to receive the thrust transmitted by the conical surface of the short side of the lever. The adaptive wear compensation scraping assembly includes an elastic scraping ring, three sets of disc springs, and an axial displacement detection rod. The elastic scraping ring is used to scrape off the adhering proppant sand particles. The three sets of disc springs are located on one side of the outer wall of the elastic scraping ring and are used to provide continuous preload to the elastic scraping ring. The axial displacement detection rod is used to linearly transmit the internal wear amount to the outside of the device. The spiral gas supply linkage assembly includes a cam, a valve body, and a conical valve core. The cam provides the power basis for adjusting the conical valve core. The valve body is located at the top of the cam, and the bottom of the valve body is a conical reduced gas outlet end. The conical valve core is used to change the gap with the valve body structure by moving up and down.
[0007] Preferably, the power output end of the drive motor is rotatably connected to a planetary gear reducer, the power output end of the planetary gear reducer is rotatably connected to a helical shaft, and the interior of the helical shaft is hollow. Four guide grooves are symmetrically opened on the outer surface of the helical shaft, and a machine cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the helical shaft. The top and bottom of the machine cylinder are respectively connected to the feed inlet and the discharge outlet.
[0008] Preferably, the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment assembly further includes a fixed protrusion, a first fixed frame, and a second fixed frame. The inner surfaces of the first and second fixed frames are sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the barrel. One end of the outer wall of the fixed protrusion is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the flange of the discharge port. The inner surface of the fixed protrusion is connected to the outer surface of the flow sensing element. A baffle is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed protrusion. A guide post is connected to the bottom of the fixed protrusion. A slide rod is slidably connected to the inner surface of the guide post, and the top of the slide rod is in contact with the bottom of the flow sensing element. A push block is integrally formed at the bottom of the slide rod, and the bottom of the push block is in contact with the top of the lever.
[0009] Preferably, a solid rod is fixedly connected between the outer walls of the first fixed frame, and the outer surface of the solid rod is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the lever. A slide is fixedly connected between the outer walls of the second fixed frame, and slide grooves are symmetrically opened between the inner walls of the slide, and the inner walls of the two slide grooves are slidably connected to the push rod.
[0010] Preferably, a roller bearing is embedded at one end of the outer wall of the push rod, and a first bevel gear is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the roller bearing. A second bevel gear is meshed with one side of the outer wall of the first bevel gear. The number of teeth of the first bevel gear is greater than the number of teeth of the second bevel gear, and the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear can selectively mesh under the push of the push rod, so as to provide an adjustable mechanical load to the output shaft of the drive motor through tooth surface friction.
[0011] Preferably, the inner surface of the second bevel gear and the outer surface of the output shaft of the drive motor are sleeved and connected, a first limiting block is fixedly connected to the top of the push rod, a second limiting block is fixedly connected to one end of the outer wall of the slide, and two first return springs are elastically connected between the first limiting block and the second limiting block.
[0012] Preferably, the adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly further includes a scraper fixing seat, and the inner surface of the scraper fixing seat is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the spiral shaft. Three guide pins are inserted into the inner surface of the scraper fixing seat, and the outer surfaces of the three guide pins are all sleeved and connected to the inner surfaces of three sets of disc springs. The two ends of the outer walls of the three sets of disc springs are elastically connected to the scraper fixing seat and the elastic scraper ring, and one end of the outer wall of the three guide pins is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the elastic scraper ring.
[0013] Preferably, the inner ring of the elastic scraper ring has four sand-proof connecting rods arranged in a ring. The outer walls of the four sand-proof connecting rods are fixedly connected to a mounting base. The inner surfaces of the mounting bases are fixedly connected to a thrust ball bearing. The inner surface of the thrust ball bearing is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the axial displacement detection rod. The outer walls of the four sand-proof connecting rods are all fitted with sand-proof sleeves, and each sand-proof sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner surface of a corresponding guide groove. The outer surface of the axial displacement detection rod is fitted with a deep groove ball bearing. The outer surface of the deep groove ball bearing is connected to an axial positioning sleeve, and the outer surface of the axial positioning sleeve is connected to the inner surface of the spiral shaft.
[0014] Preferably, the spiral gas supply linkage assembly further includes a drive pulley, the inner surface of which is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the spiral shaft, a synchronous belt rotatably connected to the outer surface of the drive pulley, a driven pulley rotatably connected to the inner surface of the synchronous belt, a drive shaft rotatably connected to the inner surface of the driven pulley, bearing seats symmetrically sleeved on the outer surface of the drive shaft, one end of the outer wall of the drive shaft rotatably connected to one side of the outer wall of the cam, a track groove is formed on the outer surface of the cam, a roller is rotatably connected to the top of the track groove, a push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the roller, and the top of the push rod is in contact with the bottom of the conical valve core, and slide rails are slidably connected to both sides of the outer wall of the conical valve core, with the two slide rails symmetrically formed on the inner surface of the valve body.
[0015] Preferably, the top and bottom of the valve body are respectively connected to an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe. The air inlet pipe is used to connect to an external air source. The air outlet end of the air outlet pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the barrel. The top of the conical valve core is fixedly connected to a second limiting seat. The top of the inner wall of the valve body is fixedly connected to a first limiting seat. A second return spring is elastically connected between the first limiting seat and the second limiting seat. Metal fixing frames are symmetrically connected to the outer surface of the valve body.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In this invention, the spatiotemporal unification of carbon dioxide sand-carrying transportation and fracturing conditions is achieved through the systematic coordination of the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component, the adaptive wear compensation scraping component, and the spiral gas supply linkage component. The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component relies on a purely mechanical closed loop consisting of "flow sensor, lever amplification, and meshing damping adjustment of the first and second bevel gears." Its core lies in converting the downstream resistance change signal into an adjustable mechanical load on the main drive shaft, rather than changing the rotational speed through a gearbox. When the downstream flow demand decreases, leading to an increase in transportation resistance, the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component causes the first bevel gear to mesh with the high-speed rotating second bevel gear, generating significant friction. The friction damping directly adds an adjustable mechanical load to the drive motor shaft, thereby consuming system power and reducing the effective conveying capacity of the screw shaft. Specifically, this manifests as a decrease in equivalent speed or a reduction in output torque, resulting in a reduction in the feed rate. This process is entirely physical, completely eliminating the problem of electronic control system failure under extreme conditions. Unlike electronic control systems that rely on electronic sensors and frequency conversion speed regulation, this invention adopts a design without electronic control components, based entirely on mechanical physical response. Adjustment is achieved by increasing or decreasing the mechanical load of the system itself, fundamentally avoiding problems such as circuit failure and signal interference. Secondly, the adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly, through rigid coupling of "disc spring, anti-sand connecting rod, and thrust ball bearing," utilizes guides... The pin, axial positioning sleeve, and axial displacement detection rod enable real-time sensing and automatic compensation of wear conditions, ensuring the device is always in optimal sealing and anti-jamming condition. Simultaneously, the spiral gas supply linkage assembly, driven purely mechanically by a synchronous belt drive, cam, track groove, and conical valve core, achieves dynamic and precise matching of gas supply and feed rate, avoiding gas waste and barrel overload risks. Firstly, it ensures fracturing efficiency through adaptive operating conditions and compatibility with extreme environments. This invention, through the coordinated response of three sets of purely mechanical components, achieves real-time adaptation of feed rate, gas supply, and downstream system requirements, completely resolving process pain points such as proppant agglomeration, sand blockage, and sand ratio loss of control, fully guaranteeing fracture extension and flow conduction capacity. The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment... The lever amplification and conical force transmission design of the joint components, along with the flexible fitting mechanism of the adaptive wear compensation scraper components, can accommodate the abrasion differences of proppant with different particle sizes, ensuring stable operation of the device in a highly abrasive environment and significantly reducing iron loss and resource waste. Secondly, it improves equipment reliability through functional integration and load-based feedback adjustment. The single spiral shaft rotation power drives four core functions: feeding adjustment, air volume matching, wear detection, and sealing protection, significantly reducing equipment complexity and failure rate. In particular, its feeding adjustment mechanism achieves automatic logic of "feeding is adapted, wear is compensated, and air supply is matched" through pure mechanical logic of sensing resistance, increasing load, and reducing output, completely eliminating human operation errors.The multi-layered collaborative sealing and visual detection design effectively reduces CO2 leakage and sand intrusion to extremely low levels. Its core design, which eliminates electronic components, algorithm dependencies, and the need for periodic calibration, along with its purely mechanical, progressive load adjustment method and built-in stroke limit and reset mechanisms, ensures smooth adjustment and prevents impact overload damage to the drive motor. Furthermore, the absence of electronic components and algorithm dependencies further enhances the overall reliability, durability, and operational safety of the system, giving it a long lifespan and maintenance-free characteristics, perfectly suited to the needs of large-scale fracturing operations in oil fields. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the main structure of a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield well fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side-view perspective view of a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield well fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component and the spiral gas supply linkage component in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the lever, the first fixing frame, and the solid rod in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the first limiting block, the first reset spring, and the second limiting block in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged 3D view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position structure of an adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly for oilfield injection fracturing according to the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the scraper fixing seat, guide pin, elastic scraper ring, and disc spring in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 10 for Figure 8 Enlarged 3D view of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the spiral gas supply linkage component in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the drive shaft, bearing housing, and cam in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the slide, conical valve core, and push rod in a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield well fracturing according to the present invention. Figure 14 for Figure 12 Enlarged 3D view of the structure at point C.
[0018] In the diagram: 100, drive motor; 200, planetary gear reducer; 300, screw shaft; 400, barrel; 500, feed inlet; 600, discharge outlet; 700, resistance feedback mechanical adjustment assembly; 701, fixed protrusion; 702, flow sensor; 703, slide bar; 704, guide post; 705, push block; 706, baffle; 707, lever; 708, first fixed frame; 709, solid rod; 710, second fixed frame; 711, slide chamber; 712, slide groove; 713, push rod; 714, roller bearing; 715, first bevel gear; 716, second bevel gear; 717, first limit block; 718, first return spring; 719, second limit block; 800, adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly; 801, scraper fixing seat; 8 02. Guide pin; 803. Elastic scraper ring; 804. Disc spring; 805. Sandproof connecting rod; 806. Sandproof sleeve; 807. Mounting base; 808. Thrust ball bearing; 809. Axial displacement detection rod; 810. Deep groove ball bearing; 811. Axial positioning sleeve; 900. Spiral gas supply linkage assembly; 901. Drive pulley; 902. Synchronous belt; 903. Driven pulley; 904. Drive shaft; 905. Bearing housing; 906. Cam; 907. Metal fixing frame; 908. Valve body; 909. Inlet pipe; 910. Outlet pipe; 911. Slide rail; 912. Conical valve core; 913. Push rod; 914. Roller; 915. Track groove; 916. First limit seat; 917. Second return spring; 918. Second limit seat. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0020] like Figure 2As shown, this embodiment discloses a carbon dioxide sand-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing, including a drive motor 100, a resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, an adaptive wear compensation wall scraping component 800, and a spiral gas supply linkage component 900. The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, the adaptive wear compensation wall scraping component 800, and the spiral gas supply linkage component 900 are all installed on the top of the drive motor 100. like Figure 4 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment assembly 700 includes a flow sensor 702, a lever 707, and a push rod 713. The flow sensor 702 is used to sense changes in the material conveying flow rate in real time. The top of the lever 707 is connected to the bottom of the flow sensor 702. The left side of the lever 707 is the long side and the right side is the short side. The top of the short side of the lever 707 is designed with a conical surface. The bottom of one end of the outer wall of the push rod 713 is designed with a conical surface. The push rod 713 is used to receive the thrust transmitted by the conical surface of the short side of the lever 707. like Figure 9 As shown, the adaptive wear compensation scraping assembly 800 includes an elastic scraping ring 803, three sets of disc springs 804, and an axial displacement detection rod 809. The elastic scraping ring 803 is used to scrape off the adhering proppant sand particles. The three sets of disc springs 804 are located on one side of the outer wall of the elastic scraping ring 803 and are used to provide a continuous preload for the elastic scraping ring 803. The axial displacement detection rod 809 is used to linearly transmit the internal wear amount to the outside of the device. like Figures 12-13 As shown, the spiral gas supply linkage assembly 900 includes a cam 906, a valve body 908, and a conical valve core 912. The cam 906 provides the power basis for the adjustment of the conical valve core 912. The valve body 908 is located at the top of the cam 906, and the bottom of the valve body 908 is a conical reduced gas outlet end. The conical valve core 912 is used to change the gap with the structure of the valve body 908 by moving up and down.
[0021] This embodiment primarily addresses the fact that while carbon dioxide-carried proppant fracturing is a revolutionary technology for improving the recovery rate of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs, its core processes suffer from fundamental conflicts. The extreme operating conditions required by the proppant-carrying device and the dynamic and precise control requirements of the mixing and delivery process are difficult to reconcile. Existing technical architectures, primarily based on mechanical stirring and simple screw feeding, suffer from insufficient homogenization mixing capacity and static control mode defects. These limitations prevent them from adapting to the phase sensitivity of liquid carbon dioxide, the sedimentation tendency of proppant, and the real-time changes in the downstream fracturing system's delivery flow requirements, leading to two major systemic defects: First, the mixing and delivery efficiency is unstable. The turbulence intensity of traditional stirring or jet mixing is insufficient to break up proppant clusters, resulting in low mixing uniformity. Prop settling easily triggers downhole sand blockage accidents. Simultaneously, the feeding subsystem often experiences proppant adhesion to the walls and screw blockage at low temperatures. The static delivery mode cannot respond to downstream flow. Fluctuations in demand and uncontrolled sand ratios lead to waste of proppant and CO2, insufficient fracture support, and significant deterioration of fracturing performance. Secondly, the lack of long-term reliable operation guarantees for the equipment means that existing equipment, as a stack of isolated functional units, remains in a black box regarding key component wear rates, leakage trends at sealing interfaces, and dynamic deviations in feed accuracy. Quality assurance and risk prevention rely on periodic shutdowns for disassembly and inspection, as well as post-operation maintenance. This results in poor operational continuity, high maintenance costs, and the inability to predict seal failures or sudden component damage. Fracturing operations face unplanned shutdowns, safety and environmental risks, and the potential for project failure and greenhouse gas emissions due to sudden liquid CO2 leaks. The existing technical architecture can no longer meet the industry's demands for intelligent, high-efficiency, and high-reliability carbon dioxide-carried sand fracturing. There is an urgent need for an integrated device that can fundamentally solve the problems of mixing uniformity, adaptive operating conditions, and controllable state.
[0022] This embodiment addresses the problems of existing technologies by systematically coordinating the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, the adaptive wear compensation scraping component 800, and the spiral gas supply linkage component 900. This achieves spatiotemporal unification of carbon dioxide sand-carrying transport and fracturing conditions. The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700 relies on a purely mechanical closed loop consisting of "flow sensor 702 sensing, lever 707 amplification, and first bevel gear 715 and second bevel gear 716 meshing damping adjustment." Its core function is to convert the downstream resistance change signal into an adjustable mechanical load on the main drive shaft, rather than changing the rotational speed through a gearbox. When the downstream flow demand decreases, leading to increased transport resistance, the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700 causes the first bevel gear 715 to mesh with the high-speed rotating second bevel gear 716, generating significant frictional damping. This directly increases the load on the drive motor 100 shaft, thereby consuming system power and reducing the effective transport capacity of the spiral shaft 300. Specifically, this manifests as an equivalent rotational... The feed rate is reduced by decreasing the speed or weakening the output torque. This process is entirely physical, completely eliminating the problem of electrical control system failure under extreme conditions. Unlike electrical control systems that rely on electronic sensors and frequency conversion speed regulation, this invention seeks a method based entirely on mechanical physical response, which adjusts by increasing or decreasing the mechanical load of the system itself, thereby fundamentally avoiding problems such as circuit failure and signal interference. Secondly, the adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly 800 achieves real-time perception and automatic compensation of wear status through rigid coupling of "disc spring 804, sandproof connecting rod 805, and thrust ball bearing 808", with the help of guide pin 802, axial positioning sleeve 811, and axial displacement detection rod 809, ensuring that the device is always in the optimal sealing and anti-jamming state. At the same time, the spiral gas supply linkage assembly 900 is driven purely mechanically by "synchronous belt 902 transmission, cam 906, track groove 915, and conical valve core 912", achieving dynamic and precise matching of gas supply and feed rate, avoiding gas waste and the risk of overload of barrel 400.Firstly, the invention ensures fracturing efficiency through adaptive operation and compatibility with extreme environments. It achieves real-time adaptation of feed rate, gas supply, and downstream system requirements through the coordinated response of three sets of purely mechanical components, completely resolving process pain points such as proppant agglomeration, sand blockage, and uncontrolled sand ratio. This fully guarantees fracture extension and conduction capacity. Specifically, the lever 707 amplification and conical force transmission design of the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, and the flexible fitting mechanism of the adaptive wear compensation scraper component 800, can accommodate the abrasion differences of proppant with different particle sizes, ensuring stable operation of the unit in highly abrasive environments and significantly reducing iron loss and resource waste. Secondly, the invention enhances equipment reliability through functional integration and load-based feedback regulation. A single 300-degree rotating spiral shaft drives four core functions: feed adjustment, gas matching, wear detection, and sealing protection, significantly reducing equipment complexity and failure rate. Crucially, its feed adjustment mechanism… By employing purely mechanical logic to sense resistance, increase load, and reduce output, the system achieves automatic logic of "adapting to material feeding, compensating for wear, and matching gas supply," completely eliminating human error. Multiple collaborative sealing and visual detection designs effectively reduce CO2 leakage and sand intrusion rates to extremely low levels. Simultaneously, its purely mechanical, progressive load adjustment method, along with built-in stroke limit and reset mechanisms, ensures a smooth adjustment process, preventing impact overload damage to the drive motor. Furthermore, the design, devoid of electronic components and algorithms, further enhances the overall reliability, durability, and operational safety of the system, giving it a long lifespan and maintenance-free characteristics. It perfectly adapts to the needs of large-scale fracturing operations in oil fields. The core design, which eliminates electronic components, algorithms, and the need for periodic calibration, ensures the equipment's long lifespan and maintenance-free characteristics, perfectly adapting to the needs of large-scale fracturing operations in oil fields.
[0023] according to Figures 1-2 As shown, the power output end of the drive motor 100 is rotatably connected to the planetary gear reducer 200, and the power output end of the planetary gear reducer 200 is rotatably connected to the helical shaft 300. The interior of the helical shaft 300 is hollow, and four guide grooves are symmetrically opened on the outer surface of the helical shaft 300. A machine barrel 400 is sleeved on the outside of the helical shaft 300. The top and bottom of the machine barrel 400 are respectively connected to the feed inlet 500 and the discharge outlet 600.
[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, the drive motor 100 is firstly a YE2 series high-efficiency energy-saving motor with an IP65 protection rating, which is fully adaptable to the harsh outdoor environment of oil fields. Its power output end is connected to the planetary gear reducer 200 through a flexible coupling, which can reduce vibration transmission and ensure smooth power transmission. The planetary gear reducer 200 adopts a hardened tooth surface design, and the gear material is 20CrMnTi carburized and quenched, which can achieve a 1:10 reduction ratio and torque amplification, thereby meeting the power requirements of the screw shaft 300 for dense delivery of proppant. Secondly, the screw shaft 300 is made of 45# steel with heat treatment and is hollow. The through hole is machined using deep hole drilling, and the four guide grooves on the outer surface are machined using wire cutting technology to ensure a clearance fit with the sand-proof sleeve 806. Meanwhile, the barrel 400 is made of 304 stainless steel. The top feed port 500 and the bottom discharge port 600 are connected by flanges. The flange sealing surface is machined with a tenon and groove structure and is equipped with a PTFE-reinforced graphite gasket to prevent CO2 leakage. The barrel 400 is fixed to the base with M20 bolts, and a rubber shock-absorbing pad is placed at the bottom to absorb operating vibrations and prevent the barrel 400 from deforming and affecting the feeding accuracy. The overall structure is suitable for extreme working conditions, ensuring the stability and safety of proppant delivery.
[0025] according to Figure 5 as well as Figure 7 As shown, the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment assembly 700 also includes a fixed protrusion 701, a first fixed frame 708, and a second fixed frame 710. The inner surfaces of the first fixed frame 708 and the second fixed frame 710 are sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the barrel 400. One end of the outer wall of the fixed protrusion 701 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the flange of the discharge port 600. The inner surface of the fixed protrusion 701 is connected to the outer surface of the flow sensing plate 702. A baffle 706 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed protrusion 701. A guide post 704 is connected to the bottom of the fixed protrusion 701. A slide rod 703 is slidably connected to the inner surface of the guide post 704. The top of the slide rod 703 is in contact with the bottom of the flow sensing plate 702. A push block 705 is integrally formed at the bottom of the slide rod 703. The bottom of the push block 705 is in contact with the top of the lever 707.
[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, the fixing protrusion 701 is firstly CNC machined from Q345 steel plate and fully welded to the flange of the outlet 600, providing a stable installation reference for the flow sensing element 702. The flow sensing element 702 adopts a differential pressure type purely mechanical structure, integrated within the flange of the outlet 600. Its core consists of a corrosion-resistant alloy sensing diaphragm, a built-in differential pressure chamber, and a return spring. When the material flow rate increases, a pressure difference is generated between the front and rear chambers of the differential pressure chamber, pushing the sensing diaphragm to deform towards the slide rod 703, directly pushing the slide rod 703 downwards. When the flow rate returns to normal, the differential pressure disappears, the return spring causes the diaphragm to rebound, and the slide rod rises synchronously. Secondly, the guide post 704 is made of 304 stainless steel and is threadedly connected to the fixing protrusion 701. The slide rod 703 is made of 45# steel with a tempered and chrome-plated surface, and is connected to the guide post 704 via a threaded connection. The guide column 704 ensures smooth and unobstructed sliding; meanwhile, the push block 705 at the bottom of the slide rod 703 is an integrated forged structure with precision-ground end faces, providing sufficient contact area with the top of the lever 707, thus avoiding wear caused by local stress concentration. Secondly, the baffle 706 is made of Q235 steel plate and welded to the bottom of the fixed protrusion 701, limiting the maximum downward stroke of the slide rod 703 and preventing excessive movement of the slide rod 703 from damaging the lever 707 structure when the conveying resistance is too high. The first fixed frame 708 and the second fixed frame 710 are both welded from angle steel and subjected to aging treatment to eliminate internal stress. They are fixed to the barrel 400 by clamps, with rubber anti-slip pads pasted on the inside of the clamps, ensuring stable installation and avoiding damage to the outer surface of the barrel 400. The overall structure achieves accurate capture and stable transmission of flow and resistance signals, adapting to the strong vibration fracturing environment.
[0027] according to Figures 5-6 As shown, a solid rod 709 is fixedly connected between the outer walls of the first fixed frame 708. The outer surface of the solid rod 709 is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the lever 707. A slide 711 is fixedly connected between the outer walls of the second fixed frame 710. Slide grooves 712 are symmetrically opened between the inner walls of the slide 711, and the inner walls of the two slide grooves 712 are slidably connected to the push rod 713.
[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, the solid rod 709 is firstly made of 40Cr tempered steel, and its two ends are fixed to the first fixing frame 708 by welding. The weld joints are polished smooth, and its outer surface is precision ground. Serving as the rotation axis of the lever 707, it ensures that the lever 707 rotates flexibly without deviation. The lever 707 is made of spring steel plate, formed by laser cutting, and is rotatably connected to the solid rod 709 via a bushing. The bushing is made of tin bronze, which has self-lubricating properties and can effectively reduce rotational friction. Secondly, the slide 711 on the second fixing frame 710 is rectangular. The structure is welded and made of Q235 steel plate. The internal slide groove 712 is formed by milling. The cooperation between the push rod 713 and the slide groove 712 ensures that the push rod 713 slides only along the axial direction, avoiding force transmission deviation caused by radial offset. At the same time, dust cover plates are provided at both ends of the slide chamber 711 to prevent sand particles from entering the slide groove 712 and affecting the sliding of the push rod 713. The overall structural design improves the motion accuracy and wear resistance of the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, ensuring long-term stable operation under high-frequency pressure adjustment conditions and avoiding feeding accuracy loss due to mechanical jamming.
[0029] according to Figures 5-6 As shown, a roller bearing 714 is embedded at one end of the outer wall of the push rod 713. A first bevel gear 715 is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the roller bearing 714. A second bevel gear 716 is meshed with one side of the outer wall of the first bevel gear 715. The number of teeth of the first bevel gear 715 is greater than the number of teeth of the second bevel gear 716. The first bevel gear 715 and the second bevel gear 716 can selectively mesh under the push of the push rod 713, and provide an adjustable mechanical load to the output shaft of the drive motor 100 through tooth surface friction.
[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the push rod 713 is made of 45# steel and heat-treated. One end is fitted with a 6203 deep groove ball bearing 810 (roller bearing 714). The inner ring of the roller bearing 714 is interference-fitted with the first bevel gear 715, while the outer ring is transition-fitted with the mounting hole of the push rod 713. This design ensures that the first bevel gear 715 can rotate freely on the push rod 713 with low resistance, providing the necessary conditions for subsequent damping intervention. Secondly, both the first bevel gear 715 and the second bevel gear 716 are made of 20CrMnTi material, carburized and quenched, with involute tooth profiles and a module of 2.5. The first bevel gear 715 has 40 teeth, and the second bevel gear 716 has 20 teeth. The main purpose of this difference in tooth count is that when the push rod 713 pushes the first bevel gear 715 axially under downstream resistance feedback and forcibly engages the high-speed rotating second bevel gear 716… The significant difference in linear velocity between the two gear teeth generates a strong, stable, and controllable sliding friction damping. This damping, as an instantaneous additional mechanical load, is directly applied to the output shaft of the drive motor 100. By instantly increasing the system load and consuming effective power, it reduces the effective conveying capacity of the screw shaft 300, thereby achieving smooth adjustment of the feed rate and avoiding sudden changes. The meshing surfaces of the first bevel gear 715 and the second bevel gear 716 are ground to ensure that the transmission is shock-free and noise-free. At the same time, the conical end of the push rod 713 is ground with a cone angle of 60° and fits against the short side cone surface of the lever 707 to ensure lossless force transmission. The overall structure achieves pure mechanical adjustment through mechanical meshing, completely eliminating the dependence on the electronic control system. This solves the problem of electronic control adjustment failure in extreme low temperature environments and ensures precise linkage between pressure changes and the speed adjustment of the screw shaft 300.
[0031] according to Figures 5-6 As shown, the inner surface of the second bevel gear 716 is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the output shaft of the drive motor 100. The top of the push rod 713 is fixedly connected to the first limiting block 717, and one end of the outer wall of the slide 711 is fixedly connected to the second limiting block 719. Two first return springs 718 are elastically connected between the first limiting block 717 and the second limiting block 719.
[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the second bevel gear 716 is first connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 100 via a flat key to ensure reliable power transmission. The first limiting block 717 and the second limiting block 719 are both CNC machined from Q235 steel plates and fixed to the push rod 713 and slide 711 by welding. The end faces of the first limiting block 717 and the second limiting block 719 are precision ground. Two first return springs 718 are made of 60Si2Mn spring steel and are symmetrically arranged on the top of the push rod 713 to ensure uniform return force. The two ends of the two first return springs 718 are connected to the first limiting block 717 and the second limiting block 719 via hooks to avoid spring fatigue breakage caused by rigid fixing. When the conveying resistance... When the force decreases, the first return spring 718 can quickly push the push rod 713 back to its initial position, disengaging the first bevel gear 715 from the second bevel gear 716, thus completing the adjustment closed loop. Simultaneously, the setting between the first limit block 717 and the second limit block 719 limits the maximum stroke of the push rod 713, preventing tooth surface damage caused by excessive meshing of the first bevel gear 715 and the second bevel gear 716. The overall structure achieves automatic reset and mechanical protection for the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, improving reliability and service life under extreme operating conditions. This limiting and reset design not only achieves the adjustment closed loop but, more importantly, limits the maximum meshing depth of the first bevel gear 715, thereby controlling the additional frictional damping torque applied to the output shaft of the drive motor 100 within a safe range. This ensures precise matching between the damping magnitude and downstream resistance changes, completely avoiding the risk of motor overload caused by drastic resistance fluctuations or excessive adjustment at the structural level.
[0033] according to Figure 9 As shown, the adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly 800 also includes a scraper fixing seat 801, and the inner surface of the scraper fixing seat 801 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the spiral shaft 300. Three guide pins 802 are inserted into the inner surface of the scraper fixing seat 801, and the outer surfaces of the three guide pins 802 are all sleeved and connected to the inner surfaces of three sets of disc springs 804. The two ends of the outer walls of the three sets of disc springs 804 are elastically connected to the scraper fixing seat 801 and the elastic scraper ring 803, and one end of the outer wall of the three guide pins 802 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the elastic scraper ring 803.
[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the scraper fixing seat 801 is made of 45# steel and heat-treated. It is fixed to the spiral shaft 300 by a flat key to ensure synchronous rotation with the spiral shaft 300 without relative slippage. Furthermore, the guide holes on the inner surface of the scraper fixing seat 801 are machined by reaming. Three guide pins 802 are evenly distributed and are made of 304 stainless steel with a chrome-plated surface. Secondly, three sets of disc springs 804 are model 6120 and made of 60Si2Mn. The two ends of each set of disc springs 804 are respectively connected to the scraper fixing seat 801 and the spring... The elastic scraping ring 803 makes contact with the inner wall of the barrel 400, ensuring a close fit. One end of the channel guide pin 802 is fixed to the elastic scraping ring 803 by threads to ensure a firm connection, while the other end is equipped with a limit ring to prevent the guide pin 802 from falling off the scraping fixing seat 801. The overall structure achieves precise axial displacement of the elastic scraping ring 803 through the directional constraint of the guide pin 802 and the elastic compensation of the disc spring 804, avoiding uneven scraping caused by circumferential rotation and solving the problems of easy deviation and excessive wear of existing scrapers.
[0035] according to Figures 9-10 As shown, the inner ring of the elastic scraper ring 803 has four sand-proof connecting rods 805 arranged in a ring. The outer walls of the four sand-proof connecting rods 805 are fixedly connected to the mounting bases 807. The inner surfaces of the mounting bases 807 are fixedly connected to the thrust ball bearings 808. The inner surface of the thrust ball bearings 808 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the axial displacement detection rod 809. The outer walls of the four sand-proof connecting rods 805 are all fitted with sand-proof sleeves 806, and each sand-proof sleeve 806 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of a corresponding guide groove. The outer surface of the axial displacement detection rod 809 is fitted with a deep groove ball bearing 810. The outer surface of the deep groove ball bearing 810 is connected to an axial positioning sleeve 811, and the outer surface of the axial positioning sleeve 811 is connected to the inner surface of the spiral shaft 300.
[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the elastic scraper ring 803 is made of polyurethane (Shore hardness 85A), and the four sand-proof connecting rods 805 distributed in the inner ring are made of 304 stainless steel. They are fixed to the elastic scraper ring 803 by argon arc welding, and the weld joints are polished smooth to avoid scratching the inner wall of the barrel 400. Secondly, the sand-proof sleeve 806 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the inner wall is machined with a labyrinth groove, which is clearance-fitted with the sand-proof connecting rods 805 to effectively prevent sand particles from entering the guide groove. Furthermore, the mounting base 807 is a ring-welded structure made of 304 stainless steel, and is fixed to the four sand-proof connecting rods 805 by M10 bolts. The inner surface is machined with a bearing mounting groove, and the thrust ball bearing 808 is model 51106. The outer ring of the thrust ball bearing 808 is interference-fitted with the mounting base 807. In conjunction with the inner ring of the thrust ball bearing 808, which is interference-fitted with the axial displacement detection rod 809, the rotational motion of the helical shaft 300 is isolated, ensuring that the axial displacement detection rod 809 only receives axial displacement signals. Simultaneously, the axial displacement detection rod 809 is made of 304 stainless steel, and the deep groove ball bearing 810 (model 6202) is fitted onto the outer surface of the axial displacement detection rod 809. The axial positioning sleeve 811 is made of Q235 material and is fixed to the inner surface of the helical shaft 300 via threads, thus limiting the radial movement of the axial displacement detection rod 809 and ensuring accurate displacement transmission. The overall structure achieves a 1:1 visual transmission of the wear amount of the elastic scraper ring 803, allowing for real-time monitoring without disassembling the equipment. Furthermore, the multiple sand-proof design prevents jamming caused by sand intrusion, making it suitable for highly abrasive fracturing environments.
[0037] according to Figure 11 as well as Figures 13-14 As shown, the spiral gas supply linkage assembly 900 also includes a drive pulley 901. The inner surface of the drive pulley 901 is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the spiral shaft 300. The outer surface of the drive pulley 901 is rotatably connected to a synchronous belt 902. The inner surface of the synchronous belt 902 is rotatably connected to a driven pulley 903. The inner surface of the driven pulley 903 is rotatably connected to a drive shaft 904. The outer surface of the drive shaft 904 is symmetrically sleeved with bearing seats 905. One end of the outer wall of the drive shaft 904 is rotatably connected to one side of the outer wall of the cam 906. The outer surface of the cam 906 is provided with a track groove 915. The top of the track groove 915 is rotatably connected to a roller 914. The top of the roller 914 is fixedly connected to a push rod 913. The top of the push rod 913 is in contact with the bottom of the conical valve core 912. The outer walls of the conical valve core 912 are slidably connected to slide rails 911. The two slide rails 911 are symmetrically opened on the inner surface of the valve body 908.
[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the driving pulley 901 is made of aluminum alloy and is fixed to the spiral shaft 300 by a shrink sleeve of type Z2 to ensure that the driving pulley 901 and the spiral shaft 300 rotate synchronously without slippage. Secondly, the synchronous belt 902 is made of polyurethane reinforced material with a stainless steel wire core and anti-slip teeth on the surface. Its meshing with the driving pulley 901 and the driven pulley 903 ensures reliable power transmission. The driven pulley 903 is made of the same material as the driving pulley 901, has the same number of teeth, and a transmission ratio of 1:1. It is connected to the drive shaft 904 by a flat key. The drive shaft 904 is made of 45# steel and heat-treated. Both ends are supported by deep groove ball bearings of type 6205. The bearing housing 905 is made of cast iron and is fixed to the base by M12 bolts. The inner side is equipped with a dust cover to prevent sand particles from entering. The cam 906 is connected to the drive shaft 904 by a flat key. The cam 906 is made of 20CrMnTi carburized and quenched material, and the surface is machined with a track groove 915. The inner wall of the track groove 915 is precision ground. The roller 914 is made of bearing steel and has a 6201 miniature deep groove ball bearing embedded in it to ensure smooth movement with the track groove 915. Secondly, the push rod 913 is made of 45 steel and heat treated. The top of the push rod 913 and the contact end with the conical valve core 912 are precision ground. The slide 911 on the valve body 908 is formed by milling, which can limit the conical valve core 912 to slide only along the axial direction. The overall structure realizes the precise synchronization of the air supply and the feed of the screw shaft 300, which solves the problem of gas waste caused by the mismatch between air volume and feed volume in the existing technology.
[0039] according to Figures 12-13 As shown, the top and bottom of the valve body 908 are respectively connected to an air inlet pipe 909 and an air outlet pipe 910. The air inlet pipe 909 is used to connect to an external air source. The air outlet end of the air outlet pipe 910 is connected to the air inlet end of the barrel 400. The top of the conical valve core 912 is fixedly connected to a second limiting seat 918. The top of the inner wall of the valve body 908 is fixedly connected to a first limiting seat 916. A second return spring 917 is elastically connected between the first limiting seat 916 and the second limiting seat 918. Metal fixing brackets 907 are symmetrically connected to the outer surface of the valve body 908.
[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the valve body 908 is forged from 304 stainless steel with a pressure resistance rating of 200MPa. The top inlet pipe 909 and the bottom outlet pipe 910 are both DN15 stainless steel pipes, fixed to the valve body 908 by argon arc welding, suitable for gas delivery. The inlet pipe 909 is connected to an external gas source via a clamp-type connector, with the connector sealing gasket made of polytetrafluoroethylene-reinforced graphite material, resistant to low temperatures, ensuring no CO2 leakage. Secondly, the conical valve core 912 is made of 45# steel with a quenched and tempered finish and a chrome-plated surface. It has a 60° cone angle, ensuring a close fit with the conical, reduced-width outlet end of the valve body 908 and guaranteeing reliable sealing. Simultaneously, the first limit seat 916 and the second... The limit seats 918 are all made of stainless steel and are fixed to the valve body 908 by threads. The second return spring 917 is made of 60Si2Mn spring steel. When the cam 906 is not in action, it pushes the conical valve core 912 to fit tightly against the valve body 908, closing the air outlet. The metal fixing frame 907 is a welded angle steel structure. It is aging treated to eliminate internal stress and is fixed to the valve body 908 by M14 bolts. It is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the valve body 908 to ensure that the valve body 908 is installed firmly and to avoid loosening of the pipeline connection due to vibration. The overall structure realizes dynamic and precise adjustment of air supply and protection of sealing chamber pressure. At the same time, it is suitable for extreme low temperature environments, ensuring the safety and economy of fracturing operations.
[0041] During operation, after the equipment is started, the drive motor 100 first drives the screw shaft 300 to rotate via the planetary gear reducer 200. Then, the proppant enters the barrel 400 from the feed inlet 500 and moves towards the discharge outlet 600 under the push of the screw shaft 300. At this time, the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, the adaptive wear compensation scraping component 800, and the screw gas supply linkage component 900 start synchronously and work together: In the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700, the flow sensor 702 at the discharge outlet 600 senses changes in downstream conveying resistance in real time. When the resistance increases, the flow sensor 702 deforms and pushes the slide bar 703 downwards along the guide post 704. The push block at the bottom of the slide bar 703... 705 drives lever 707 to rotate around solid rod 709. The conical surface of the short side of lever 707 pushes push rod 713 to slide along slide groove 712 of slide chamber 711. The first bevel gear 715 at the front end of push rod 713 is forced to mesh with the second bevel gear 716 fixed to the output shaft of drive motor. Since the second bevel gear 716 is rotating at high speed, significant sliding friction and impact are immediately generated between the tooth surfaces of the first bevel gear 715 and the second bevel gear 716, forming huge rotational damping. This damping is applied directly to the output shaft of drive motor 100 as an additional mechanical load, instantly increasing the resistance torque and operating load of the entire transmission system. As a result, the output of drive motor 100... The effective power of the planetary gear reducer 200 and the helical shaft 300 is partially consumed, resulting in a decrease in the effective pushing capacity of the helical shaft 300, thereby achieving a precise reduction in the feed rate. When the conveying resistance decreases, the push rod 713 resets under the action of the first return spring 718, the first bevel gear 715 disengages from the second bevel gear 716, the damping disappears, the system operating load returns to normal, and the feed rate recovers accordingly. When the conveying resistance decreases, the first return spring 718 synchronously pulls the push rod 713 to reset, then the first bevel gear 715 disengages from the second bevel gear 716, the speed of the helical shaft 300 increases, ensuring stable sand ratio accuracy; simultaneously, in the adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly 800... The elastic scraper ring 803 rotates with the spiral shaft 300, scraping off the proppant adhering to the inner wall of the barrel 400. When the elastic scraper ring 803 wears, the three sets of disc springs 804 release the preload, pushing the elastic scraper ring 803 to move axially along the guide pin 802 to compensate for the gap. The elastic scraper ring 803 drives the mounting base 807 to move through four sandproof connecting rods 805 with sandproof sleeves 806. The mounting base 807 isolates the rotational movement of the spiral shaft 300 through the thrust ball bearing 808, and only transmits the axial displacement to the axial displacement detection rod 809. The axial displacement detection rod 809 slides smoothly under the constraint of the deep groove ball bearing 810 and the axial positioning sleeve 811, and linearly transmits the wear amount to the external scale.Furthermore, in the spiral gas supply linkage component 900, the spiral shaft 300 drives the drive pulley 901 to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission shaft 904 and cam 906 to rotate via the synchronous belt 902 and the driven pulley 903. The track groove 915 of the cam 906 drives the roller 914 and the push rod 913 to move up and down. The push rod 913 pushes the conical valve core 912 to slide along the slide rail 911 of the valve body 908, thereby changing the gap with the conical air outlet end of the valve body 908 and achieving dynamic matching between the air supply and the rotational speed (feed rate) of the spiral shaft 300. The second return spring 917 ensures that the conical valve core 912 is reset in real time. When the flow rate in the barrel 400 exceeds the standard, the resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700 senses it. Increased conveying resistance reduces the conveying capacity of the screw shaft 300 by increasing the load on the drive motor. Since the cam 906 of the screw gas supply linkage component 900 is driven by the screw shaft 300 via belt drive, the decrease in the screw shaft speed leads to a corresponding decrease in the movement frequency of the conical valve core 912, thereby achieving a synchronous reduction in the inert gas supply, avoiding gas waste and barrel overload. The inert gas introduced by the inlet pipe 909 is sent into the barrel 400 through the outlet pipe 910 to form a stable air curtain. The three components are powered by the rotation of the screw shaft 300 throughout the process, realizing a pure mechanical closed-loop linkage of flow rate, feed rate, and gas supply, while also completing wear visualization monitoring and sand-proof sealing protection. It should be noted that the load adjustment process of the aforementioned resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component 700 is gradual, smooth, and controlled. Its core lies in the inherent buffering characteristics of the mechanical closed loop of sensing, transmission, engagement, and loading: the deformation of the flow sensor 702, the transmission of the lever 707, and the sliding of the push rod 713 in the groove 712 all require time. This ensures that the first bevel gear 715 gradually engages with the high-speed rotating second bevel gear 716, resulting in a linear increase in frictional damping, effectively preventing sudden load changes from impacting the drive motor 100. Simultaneously, the first return spring 718 and the travel limiting structure, including the first limit block 717 and the second limit block 719, constitute dual mechanical protection, limiting the load adjustment range within the design margin of the drive motor 100. Combined with the wide load adaptability and shock resistance characteristics of the YE2 series motor selected for this device, the operational safety and service life of the drive motor 100 are fundamentally guaranteed from both structural design and selection adaptation perspectives.
[0042] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing, characterized in that: It includes a drive motor (100), a resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component (700), an adaptive wear compensation scraping component (800), and a spiral gas supply linkage component (900). The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment component (700), the adaptive wear compensation scraping component (800), and the spiral gas supply linkage component (900) are all installed on the top of the drive motor (100). The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment assembly (700) includes a flow sensor (702), a lever (707), and a push rod (713). The flow sensor (702) is used to sense changes in the material conveying flow rate in real time. The top of the lever (707) is connected to the bottom of the flow sensor (702). The left side of the lever (707) is the long side and the right side is the short side. The top of the short side of the lever (707) is designed with a conical surface. The bottom of one end of the outer wall of the push rod (713) is designed with a conical surface. The push rod (713) is used to receive the thrust transmitted by the conical surface of the short side of the lever (707). The adaptive wear compensation scraper assembly (800) includes an elastic scraper ring (803), three sets of disc springs (804), and an axial displacement detection rod (809). The elastic scraper ring (803) is used to scrape off the adhering proppant sand particles. The three sets of disc springs (804) are located on one side of the outer wall of the elastic scraper ring (803) and are used to provide a continuous preload for the elastic scraper ring (803). The axial displacement detection rod (809) is used to linearly transmit the internal wear amount to the outside of the device. The spiral gas supply linkage assembly (900) includes a cam (906), a valve body (908), and a conical valve core (912). The cam (906) provides a power basis for adjusting the conical valve core (912). The valve body (908) is located at the top of the cam (906), and the bottom of the valve body (908) is a conical reduced gas outlet end. The conical valve core (912) is used to change the gap with the structure of the valve body (908) by moving up and down.
2. The carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power output end of the drive motor (100) is rotatably connected to a planetary gear reducer (200), and the power output end of the planetary gear reducer (200) is rotatably connected to a helical shaft (300). The interior of the helical shaft (300) is hollow, and four guide grooves are symmetrically opened on the outer surface of the helical shaft (300). A machine barrel (400) is sleeved on the outside of the helical shaft (300). The top and bottom of the machine barrel (400) are respectively connected to a feed inlet (500) and a discharge outlet (600).
3. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The resistance feedback mechanical adjustment assembly (700) further includes a fixed protrusion (701), a first fixing bracket (708), and a second fixing bracket (710). The inner surfaces of the first fixing bracket (708) and the second fixing bracket (710) are sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the barrel (400). One end of the outer wall of the fixed protrusion (701) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the flange of the discharge port (600). The inner surface of the fixed protrusion (701) is connected to the outer surface of the flow sensing plate (702). The bottom of the fixed protrusion (701) is fixedly connected to a baffle (706), the bottom of the fixed protrusion (701) is connected to a guide post (704), the inner surface of the guide post (704) is slidably connected to a slide rod (703), and the top of the slide rod (703) is in contact with the bottom of the flow sensing plate (702). The bottom of the slide rod (703) is integrally formed with a push block (705), and the bottom of the push block (705) is in contact with the top of the lever (707).
4. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 3, characterized in that: A solid rod (709) is fixedly connected between the outer walls of the first fixed frame (708). The outer surface of the solid rod (709) is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the lever (707). A slide (711) is fixedly connected between the outer walls of the second fixed frame (710). Slide grooves (712) are symmetrically opened between the inner walls of the slide (711), and the inner walls of the two slide grooves (712) are slidably connected to the push rod (713).
5. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 4, characterized in that: A roller bearing (714) is embedded at one end of the outer wall of the push rod (713). A first bevel gear (715) is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the roller bearing (714). A second bevel gear (716) is meshed with one side of the outer wall of the first bevel gear (715). The number of teeth of the first bevel gear (715) is greater than the number of teeth of the second bevel gear (716). The first bevel gear (715) and the second bevel gear (716) can selectively mesh under the push of the push rod (713) to provide an adjustable mechanical load to the output shaft of the drive motor (100) through tooth surface friction.
6. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner surface of the second bevel gear (716) is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the output shaft of the drive motor (100). The top of the push rod (713) is fixedly connected to the first limiting block (717). One end of the outer wall of the slide (711) is fixedly connected to the second limiting block (719). Two first return springs (718) are elastically connected between the first limiting block (717) and the second limiting block (719).
7. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adaptive wear-compensating scraper assembly (800) also includes a scraper fixing seat (801), and the inner surface of the scraper fixing seat (801) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the spiral shaft (300). Three guide pins (802) are inserted into the inner surface of the scraper fixing seat (801), and the outer surfaces of the three guide pins (802) are all sleeved and connected to the inner surfaces of three sets of disc springs (804). The two ends of the outer walls of the three sets of disc springs (804) are elastically connected to the scraper fixing seat (801) and the elastic scraper ring (803), and one end of the outer wall of the three guide pins (802) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the elastic scraper ring (803).
8. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner ring of the elastic scraper ring (803) has four sand-proof connecting rods (805) arranged in a ring. The outer walls of the four sand-proof connecting rods (805) are fixedly connected to the mounting base (807). The inner surfaces of the mounting base (807) are fixedly connected to the thrust ball bearing (808). The inner surface of the thrust ball bearing (808) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the axial displacement detection rod (809). The outer walls of the four sand-proof connecting rods (805) are all fitted with sand-proof sleeves (806), and each sand-proof sleeve (806) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of a corresponding guide groove. The outer surface of the axial displacement detection rod (809) is fitted with a deep groove ball bearing (810). The outer surface of the deep groove ball bearing (810) is connected to an axial positioning sleeve (811), and the outer surface of the axial positioning sleeve (811) is connected to the inner surface of the spiral shaft (300).
9. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield well injection fracturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spiral gas supply linkage assembly (900) further includes a drive pulley (901), the inner surface of which is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the spiral shaft (300). A synchronous belt (902) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the drive pulley (901), and a driven pulley (903) is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the synchronous belt (902). A drive shaft (904) is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the driven pulley (903). Bearing seats (905) are symmetrically sleeved on the outer surface of the drive shaft (904). 4) One end of the outer wall is rotatably connected to one side of the outer wall of the cam (906). The outer surface of the cam (906) is provided with a track groove (915). The top of the track groove (915) is rotatably connected to a roller (914). The top of the roller (914) is fixedly connected to a push rod (913). The top of the push rod (913) is in contact with the bottom of the conical valve core (912). The outer walls of the conical valve core (912) are slidably connected to slide rails (911). The two slide rails (911) are symmetrically opened on the inner surface of the valve body (908).
10. A carbon dioxide proppant-carrying device for oilfield injection fracturing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The top and bottom of the valve body (908) are respectively connected to an air inlet pipe (909) and an air outlet pipe (910). The air inlet pipe (909) is used to connect to an external air source. The air outlet end of the air outlet pipe (910) is connected to the air inlet end of the barrel (400). The top of the conical valve core (912) is fixedly connected to a second limiting seat (918). The top of the inner wall of the valve body (908) is fixedly connected to a first limiting seat (916). A second return spring (917) is elastically connected between the first limiting seat (916) and the second limiting seat (918). Metal fixing brackets (907) are symmetrically connected to the outer surface of the valve body (908).