Microecological preparation for use in weaned ruminants, microecological preparation for use in different growth stages and applications
By using phased microecological preparations to address the different needs of ruminants during weaning, fattening, and lactation, and employing components such as Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus licheniformis, the problem of precise regulation that existing technologies have failed to solve has been solved. This has enabled ciliate colonization, intestinal mucosal repair, and rumen function enhancement, thereby improving the health and production performance of ruminants.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QINGDAO LEHE LEHE BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing microbial preparations fail to precisely regulate the physiological characteristics of ruminants at different growth stages, resulting in stress responses during weaning that affect health and production performance, and immature rumen function during the fattening period, which cannot effectively improve the digestibility of crude fiber.
It provides phased probiotic preparations, including a first preparation for the weaning period, a second preparation for the fattening period, and a third preparation for the lactation period. These preparations contain components such as Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus casei, and yeast culture. Through synergistic effects, they repair intestinal mucosal damage, promote ciliate colonization and proliferation, and stabilize rumen pH, achieving precise regulation throughout the entire life cycle.
It effectively reduces diarrhea rate, increases ciliate population and crude fiber digestibility, enhances immunity, increases daily weight gain and milk production, reduces feed conversion ratio and feeding costs, and achieves improved health and production performance throughout the entire life cycle.
Smart Images
Figure CN122439795A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, and particularly relates to a microecological preparation for weaned ruminants, a microecological preparation for use at different growth stages, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Feed is the core carrier for animal fattening. Probiotics are a class of live microorganisms beneficial to the host, capable of colonizing the animal's digestive and reproductive systems. They can regulate digestive homeostasis and are increasingly being accepted by farmers as a novel feed additive to improve the efficiency of ruminant farming, demonstrating significant advantages. They not only increase feed intake but also, to some extent, reduce the production of harmful gases by regulating the rumen environment.
[0003] Ruminants exhibit different physiological characteristics at different growth stages, primarily in terms of digestive system development, nutrient metabolism, and immune function. The weaning period is a peak stress period, causing significant stress to the digestive system. This stress can affect the health and production performance of young animals, potentially leading to stunted growth, reduced feed intake, slow growth rate, rumen dysfunction, and impaired immune function, directly impacting adult production performance. Feeding appropriate probiotics during this period can quickly help young ruminants establish a dominant gut microbiota, greatly promoting early rumen development. In the fattening period, as rumen function matures and rumination behavior is fully established, effectively improving the rumen's digestibility of crude fiber becomes crucial.
[0004] However, most existing microbial preparations are single-formula, presenting a one-size-fits-all approach, and are not designed according to different growth stages, thus failing to meet the needs of precise regulation throughout the entire life cycle. Therefore, developing suitable microbial agents for ruminants at different stages to achieve precise regulation throughout the entire life cycle has significant practical value. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a microecological preparation for weaned ruminants, microecological preparations for different growth stages, and their applications. The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention can promote rumen ciliate colonization in weaned ruminants; the microecological preparations for different growth stages can meet the growth performance requirements of ruminants at different stages, thereby improving productivity.
[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problem, this invention provides a microecological preparation for weaned ruminants, comprising the following components per 1000 parts by weight: Clostridium butyricum 0.3-0.5 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 0.3-0.5 parts, Lactobacillus casei 0.2-0.4 parts, yeast culture 4-6 parts, hawthorn extract 5-7 parts, sodium bicarbonate 5-7 parts, and the remainder whey powder.
[0007] Preferably, the viable count of the Clostridium butyricum is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the viable count of the Bacillus licheniformis is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the viable count of the Lactobacillus casei is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.
[0008] Preferably, the crude protein content of the yeast culture is ≥40% by weight.
[0009] Preferably, the hawthorn extract contains ≥2% hawthorn acid by weight percentage.
[0010] This invention provides a microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in stages, comprising a first preparation, a second preparation, and a third preparation; The first preparation is the microecological preparation for weaning ruminants described in the above scheme; The second formulation is used during the fattening period, and each 1000 parts by weight comprises the following components: 8-12 parts yeast culture, 0.1-0.2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.1-0.2 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3-5 parts sulfur donor, 0.2-0.5 parts zinc donor, 3-5 parts yucca extract, 4-5 parts sodium bicarbonate, and the remainder carrier. The third formulation is used during lactation and comprises the following components per 1000 parts by weight: Yeast culture 10-14 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 0.2-0.4 parts, Candida utilis 0.15-0.25 parts, Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.2 parts, hawthorn extract 8-12 parts, sodium bicarbonate 10-14 parts, magnesium sulfate 3-4 parts, balance carrier.
[0011] Preferably, the viable count of the *Candida utilis* is ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g; the viable count of the brewing yeast is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.
[0012] The present invention also provides the application of the microecological preparation described in any one of the above-mentioned methods for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in ruminant feed.
[0013] Preferably, the first formulation is added to the feed at a rate of 1-1.5 kg / ton; the second formulation is added to the feed at a rate of 1.0-2.0 kg / ton; and the third formulation is added to the feed at a rate of 2-2.5 kg / ton.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention contains Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus licheniformis, and Lactobacillus casei. These three bacteria work synergistically: butyric acid produced by Clostridium butyricum is the main energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, repairing intestinal mucosal damage caused by weaning stress and providing a healthy attachment environment for ciliates; Bacillus licheniformis secretes antimicrobial peptides such as surfactants, inhibiting Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and reducing diarrhea rates; Lactobacillus casei optimizes the rumen and intestinal microecology through competitive colonization and lactic acid production, promoting ciliate colonization recovery. Simultaneously, yeast culture provides mannan oligosaccharides, β-glucan, and B vitamins as preferred nutrient substrates for ciliates; hawthorn extract and sodium bicarbonate synergistically regulate rumen pH to 6.2-6.5, thereby promoting rumen ciliate colonization in weaned calves, repairing intestinal mucosal damage, and reducing diarrhea rates.
[0015] The first formulation of the microecological preparations provided by this invention, used for different growth stages, is for the weaning period. It promotes the colonization of rumen ciliates in weaned calves, repairs intestinal mucosal damage, and reduces the diarrhea rate. The second formulation is for the fattening period. Yeast culture, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are added to the second formulation to promote ciliate proliferation and protect them from oxidative stress. Zinc and sulfur extracts are added to activate enzyme activity and extend enzyme half-life. Yucca extract and sodium bicarbonate are added to inhibit harmful bacteria, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, reduce rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration, and stabilize pH. The synergistic effect of these components achieves a triple mechanism of "activation + stabilization + protection," effectively improving the digestibility of crude fiber, increasing daily weight gain, and reducing feed conversion ratio, thereby reducing feeding costs. The third formulation is used during lactation. Through the synergistic effect of Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, and Bacillus subtilis, it enhances rumen microbial protein synthesis. Combined with a high dose of hawthorn extract and a sodium bicarbonate buffer system, it stabilizes rumen pH (6.2-6.8), promoting the metabolism of ciliates to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs, especially acetic acid, a precursor to milk fat synthesis), thereby increasing milk yield and milk fat percentage. This invention is precisely designed for the three stages of weaning, fattening, and lactation, achieving precise regulation throughout the entire life cycle. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 Microscopic images of rumen ciliates in calves of the control group; Figure 2Comparative Example 1: Microscopic image of rumen ciliates in a calf; Figure 3 This is a microscopic image of rumen ciliates in a calf, as shown in Example 1. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some specific implementations of the overall technical solution of the present invention, and not all implementations. Based on the overall concept of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0018] This invention provides a microecological preparation for weaning ruminants, comprising the following components per 1000 parts by weight: Clostridium butyricum 0.3-0.5 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 0.3-0.5 parts, Lactobacillus casei 0.2-0.4 parts, yeast culture 4-6 parts, hawthorn extract 5-7 parts, sodium bicarbonate 5-7 parts, and the remainder whey powder.
[0019] The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention includes *Clostridium butyricum*, with 0.3-0.5 parts per 1000 parts by weight of the compound microecological preparation for weaned ruminants. In this invention, the viable count of *Clostridium butyricum* is preferably ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g. In this invention, the Clostridium butyricum can produce butyric acid, which is the main energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, can repair intestinal mucosal damage caused by weaning stress, and provide a healthy attachment environment for ciliates.
[0020] The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention includes Bacillus licheniformis, with 0.3-0.5 parts per 1000 parts by weight of the compound microecological preparation for weaned ruminants. In this invention, the viable count of the Bacillus licheniformis is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g. In this invention, the Bacillus licheniformis can secrete antimicrobial peptides such as surfactants to inhibit pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, reduce the diarrhea rate, and enhance immunity.
[0021] The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention includes *Lactobacillus casei*, with 0.2-0.4 parts per 1000 parts by weight of the compound microecological preparation for weaned ruminants. In this invention, the viable count of the *Lactobacillus casei* is preferably ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g. In this invention, the *Lactobacillus casei* optimizes the rumen and intestinal microecology through competitive colonization and lactic acid production, promoting the recolonization of ciliates.
[0022] The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention includes yeast culture, with 4-6 parts per 1000 parts by weight of the compound microecological preparation for weaned ruminants. In this invention, the yeast culture provides mannan oligosaccharides, β-glucan, and B vitamins, which are preferred nutrient substrates for ciliates. In this invention, the crude protein content of the yeast culture is preferably ≥40% by weight.
[0023] The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention includes hawthorn extract, comprising 5-7 parts per 1000 parts by weight of the compound microecological preparation for weaned ruminants. In this invention, the organic acids in the hawthorn extract can stimulate saliva secretion and regulate rumen pH. In this invention, the hawthorn acid in the hawthorn extract is preferably ≥2% by weight percentage.
[0024] The microecological preparation for weaned ruminants provided by this invention includes sodium bicarbonate, with 5-7 parts per 1000 parts by weight of the compound microecological preparation for weaned ruminants. In this invention, sodium bicarbonate further buffers acidity, and together with hawthorn extract, they synergistically maintain the rumen pH stable at 6.2-6.5.
[0025] The microecological preparation for weaning ruminants provided by the present invention includes whey powder. In the present invention, whey powder is used as a carrier to disperse and fill other components.
[0026] This invention provides a microecological preparation for weaned ruminants. It adds *Clostridium butyricum* to repair intestinal mucosal damage caused by weaning stress, providing a healthy attachment environment for ciliates. *Lactobacillus casei* is used to optimize the rumen and intestinal microecology, promoting ciliate colonization recovery. Yeast culture is added to provide a nutrient substrate for the ciliates. *Bacillus licheniformis* is added to reduce diarrhea rates and enhance immunity. Hawthorn extract and sodium bicarbonate synergistically regulate rumen pH, stabilizing it at 6.2-6.5. Through the synergistic effect of these components, this invention promotes rumen ciliate colonization in weaned calves, provides a stable and favorable growth environment for the ciliates, repairs intestinal mucosal damage, and reduces diarrhea rates.
[0027] This invention provides a microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in stages, comprising a first preparation, a second preparation, and a third preparation; The first preparation is the microecological preparation for weaning ruminants described in the above scheme; The second formulation is used during the fattening period, and each 1000 parts by weight comprises the following components: 8-12 parts yeast culture, 0.1-0.2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.1-0.2 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3-5 parts sulfur donor, 0.2-0.5 parts zinc donor, 3-5 parts yucca extract, 4-5 parts sodium bicarbonate, and the remainder carrier.
[0028] The second formulation provided by this invention includes a yeast culture, comprising 8-12 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the protein content of the yeast culture is preferably ≥40%. In this invention, the yeast culture can promote the proliferation of ciliates.
[0029] The second formulation provided by this invention includes Bacillus subtilis, with 0.1-0.2 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is preferably ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g.
[0030] The second formulation provided by this invention includes *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, with 0.1-0.2 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the viable count of the *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* is preferably ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.
[0031] In this invention, Bacillus subtilis secretes extracellular cellulase and hemicellulase to initially break down cellulose into cellobiose and glucose, providing an easily usable carbon source for ciliates. Meanwhile, Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides growth factors such as glutathione and B vitamins, protecting ciliates from oxidative stress and simultaneously enhancing the enzyme-producing capacity of Bacillus subtilis.
[0032] The second formulation provided by the present invention includes a sulfur element donor, comprising 3-5 parts per 1000 parts by weight of the second formulation.
[0033] In this invention, the sulfur donor is preferably methionine, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, or magnesium sulfate, more preferably magnesium sulfate. In the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) secreted by rumen ciliates, over 60% of the enzyme active sites contain sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cysteine). In this invention, adding a sulfur donor provides a prerequisite for the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids, thereby directly improving the catalytic efficiency of CAZymes.
[0034] The second formulation provided by this invention includes a zinc donor, comprising 0.2-0.5 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the zinc donor is preferably zinc sulfate. Zinc is a core component of the zinc finger structure in various CAZymes, and the zinc finger structure participates in the conformational stability of the carbohydrate binding module (CBM).
[0035] In this invention, zinc supplementation enhances the thermal stability and substrate binding capacity of CAZymes, stabilizes the CAZymes enzyme structure, and prolongs the enzyme's half-life in the rumen. In this invention, sulfur "activates" the enzyme's active site, while zinc "stabilizes" the enzyme's three-dimensional structure. The two elements work synergistically, providing "activation + stabilization," which is superior to using either element alone. In this invention, the preferred mass ratio of sulfur to zinc donors is (8-12):1. Maintaining this mass ratio within the above range is beneficial for achieving optimal synergistic effects. Experiments have shown that at this ratio, CAZymes enzyme activity is increased by 15-25% compared to using sulfur donors alone, and by 30-40% compared to using zinc donors alone.
[0036] The second formulation provided by this invention includes yucca extract, comprising 3-5 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the saponin content of the yucca extract is ≥10% by weight. In this invention, the saponins in the yucca extract can selectively inhibit ammonia-producing and methanogenic bacteria in the rumen, reducing ammonia nitrogen concentration and methane emissions. Simultaneously, the yucca extract can buffer rumen pH fluctuations, providing a more stable environment for ciliates, and has no antagonistic effect with zinc.
[0037] The second formulation provided by this invention includes sodium bicarbonate, comprising 4-5 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the sodium bicarbonate is used to buffer rumen acidity, synergistically with yucca extract to form a dual pH stabilization mechanism of "physical buffering + biological regulation".
[0038] The second formulation provided by this invention includes a carrier. In this invention, the carrier is used to disperse and fill other components. Preferably, the carrier is one or more of wheat bran, corn gluten powder, and rice husk powder.
[0039] The microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in stages provided by this invention includes a third preparation, which is used during lactation and comprises the following components per 1000 parts by weight: Yeast culture 10-14 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 0.2-0.4 parts, Candida utilis 0.15-0.25 parts, Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.2 parts, hawthorn extract 8-12 parts, sodium bicarbonate 10-14 parts, magnesium sulfate 3-4 parts, balance carrier.
[0040] The third formulation provided by this invention includes a yeast culture, comprising 10-14 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the yeast culture promotes the proliferation of ciliates and increases the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs, mainly acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) in the rumen, wherein acetic acid is a major precursor for milk fat synthesis.
[0041] The third formulation provided by this invention includes Bacillus licheniformis, with 0.2-0.4 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the viable count of the Bacillus licheniformis is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g. In this invention, Bacillus licheniformis can enhance immunity and stabilize the rumen microecology.
[0042] The third formulation provided by this invention includes *Candida utilis*, with 0.15-0.25 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the viable count of the *Candida utilis* is preferably ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g. In this invention, *Candida utilis* produces high levels of protein and B vitamins, thereby enhancing rumen microbial protein synthesis.
[0043] The third formulation provided by this invention includes Bacillus subtilis, with 0.1-0.2 parts per 1000 parts by weight. The viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is preferably ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g. In this invention, Bacillus subtilis is used to optimize the rumen microbial community structure.
[0044] The third formulation provided by this invention includes hawthorn extract, with 8-12 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the hawthorn extract and high-dose sodium bicarbonate form a highly efficient buffering system, stabilizing the rumen pH (6.2-6.8), thereby preventing subacute rumen acidosis and protecting ciliate activity.
[0045] The third formulation provided by this invention includes sodium bicarbonate, comprising 10-14 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, sodium bicarbonate further buffers acidity, and together with hawthorn extract, synergistically maintains rumen pH stability at 6.2-6.5.
[0046] The third formulation provided by this invention includes magnesium sulfate, with 3-4 parts per 1000 parts by weight. In this invention, the sulfur provided by the magnesium sulfate participates in the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cysteine), promotes the synthesis of ciliate proteins, thereby stabilizing rumen pH, promoting the production of VFA by ciliates, and ultimately increasing milk yield and milk fat percentage.
[0047] The first formulation of the microecological preparations provided by this invention is used during the weaning period to promote the colonization of rumen ciliates in weaned calves, repair intestinal mucosal damage, and reduce diarrhea rates. The second formulation is used during the fattening period. The components of the second formulation work synergistically to achieve a triple mechanism of "activation + stabilization + protection," effectively improving the digestibility of crude fiber, increasing daily weight gain, and reducing feed conversion ratio, thereby reducing feeding costs. The third formulation is used during lactation. Through the synergistic effect of Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, and Bacillus subtilis, it enhances rumen microbial protein synthesis. Combined with a high-dose hawthorn extract and a sodium bicarbonate high-efficiency buffer system, it stabilizes rumen pH (6.2-6.5), promoting the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs, especially acetic acid, a precursor to milk fat synthesis) by ciliates, thereby increasing milk yield and milk fat percentage. This invention is precisely designed for the three stages of weaning, fattening, and lactation, achieving precise regulation throughout the entire life cycle.
[0048] The present invention does not specifically limit the source of the above components; conventional commercially available products in the field can be used.
[0049] In this invention, to ensure the activity of the microecological preparation, it is preferable to seal the prepared microecological preparation in an aluminum foil bag and store it in an environment ≤25℃ and RH≤60%. Under the above conditions, the shelf life is 12 months.
[0050] This invention provides the application of the microecological preparation described in any one of the above-mentioned methods for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in ruminant feed. In this invention, the preferred addition amount of the first preparation to the feed is 1-1.5 kg / ton; the preferred addition amount of the second preparation to the feed is 1.0-2.0 kg / ton; and the preferred addition amount of the third preparation to the feed is 2-2.5 kg / ton. In this invention, the microecological preparation is preferably added using a stepwise dilution method: first, the product is premixed with a small amount of feed, and then mixed evenly with the entire feed.
[0051] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0052] The components in the various embodiments and comparative examples were sourced as follows: yeast culture and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (viable count ≥ 200 billion CFU / g) were purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.; Bacillus subtilis (viable count ≥ 200 billion CFU / g) was purchased from Shandong Baolai Lailai; and Clostridium butyricum (viable count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / g) was purchased from... 10 CFU / g) bacterial powder, Bacillus licheniformis (live count ≥2×10⁻⁶) 10CFU / g) bacterial powder, Lactobacillus casei (live count ≥2×10⁻⁶) 10 CFU / g) bacterial powder and Candida utilis (live count ≥ 2 × 10⁻⁶) 10 CFU / g were purchased from Shandong Baolai Lailai; Yucca extract (saponin content 12%) was purchased from Zhongda Jiafeng (Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Hawthorn extract (hawthorn acid content 2%) was purchased from Shaanxi Senfu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and wheat bran (60-80 mesh, moisture content ≤12%).
[0053] Example 1 First formulation: Composed of the following components in parts by weight: 0.4 parts Clostridium butyricum powder, 0.4 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 0.3 parts Lactobacillus casei powder, 5 parts yeast culture, 6 parts hawthorn extract, 6 parts sodium bicarbonate, and whey powder to make up to 1000 parts.
[0054] The second formulation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts yeast culture, 0.15 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 0.15 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, 4 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.4 parts zinc sulfate, 4 parts yucca extract, 5 parts sodium bicarbonate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0055] The third preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts yeast culture, 0.3 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 0.2 parts Candida utilis powder, 0.15 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 10 parts hawthorn extract, 12 parts sodium bicarbonate, 3.5 parts magnesium sulfate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0056] The specific preparation method is as follows: Preparation of the first formulation A. Add Clostridium butyricum powder, Bacillus licheniformis powder, Lactobacillus casei powder and 0.5 kg whey powder into a premixer (20 L) and mix at 30 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain probiotic premix; B. Add the yeast culture, hawthorn extract, and remaining whey powder to a V-type mixer (200L) and mix at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the main ingredient premix. C. Add probiotic premix and sodium bicarbonate to the obtained main premix in sequence and mix for 15 minutes. The coefficient of variation is ≤5% to obtain the first formulation. The first formulation is then dispensed and sealed.
[0057] Preparation of the second formulation 1) Add Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 0.5 kg of wheat bran into a premixer (20L) and mix at 30 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain probiotic premix; 2) Add sulfur donor, zinc donor, sodium bicarbonate and 5 kg wheat bran into a premixer and mix at 30 rpm for 8 minutes to obtain mineral premix. 3) Add the yeast culture, yucca extract and remaining wheat bran into a V-type mixer (200L) and mix at 15 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the main ingredient premix; 4) Add probiotic premix and mineral premix to the obtained main premix in sequence and mix for 15 minutes. The coefficient of variation is ≤5% to obtain the second formulation. 5) Dispense and seal the obtained second formulation.
[0058] Preparation of the third formulation (1) Add Bacillus licheniformis powder, Candida utilis powder and Bacillus subtilis powder to a premixer (20L) and mix at 30rpm for 10 minutes to obtain probiotic premix; (2) Sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate and 5 kg of wheat bran were put into a premixer and mixed at 30 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a mineral premix. (3) Add the yeast culture, hawthorn extract and remaining wheat bran into a V-type mixer (200L) and mix at 15 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the main ingredient premix; (4) Add probiotic premix and mineral premix to the obtained main premix in sequence and mix for 15 minutes. The coefficient of variation is ≤5% to obtain the third preparation. The obtained third preparation is then packaged and sealed.
[0059] Example 2 First formulation: 0.3 parts Clostridium butyricum powder, 0.3 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 0.2 parts Lactobacillus casei powder, 5 parts yeast culture, 6 parts hawthorn extract, 6 parts sodium bicarbonate, whey powder to make up to 1000 parts.
[0060] Second formulation: 8 parts yeast culture, 0.1 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 0.1 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, 3 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.25 parts zinc sulfate, 3 parts yucca extract, 4 parts sodium bicarbonate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0061] The third preparation consists of 10 parts yeast culture, 0.2 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 0.15 parts Candida utilis powder, 0.1 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 8 parts hawthorn extract, 10 parts sodium bicarbonate, 3 parts magnesium sulfate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0062] The specific preparation method is the same as in Example 1.
[0063] Example 3 First formulation: 0.5 parts Clostridium butyricum powder, 0.5 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 0.4 parts Lactobacillus casei powder, 6 parts yeast culture, 7 parts hawthorn extract, 7 parts sodium bicarbonate, whey powder to make up to 1000 parts.
[0064] Second formulation: 12 parts yeast culture, 0.2 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 0.2 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, 5 parts magnesium sulfate, 0.5 parts zinc sulfate, 5 parts yucca extract, 5 parts sodium bicarbonate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0065] The third preparation consists of 14 parts yeast culture, 0.4 parts Bacillus licheniformis powder, 0.25 parts Candida utilis powder, 0.2 parts Bacillus subtilis powder, 12 parts hawthorn extract, 14 parts sodium bicarbonate, 4 parts magnesium sulfate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0066] The specific preparation method is the same as in Example 1.
[0067] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the composition of the first formulation is different, specifically: Clostridium butyricum powder 0.7 parts, Bacillus licheniformis powder 0.7 parts, yeast culture 5 parts, hawthorn extract 6 parts, sodium bicarbonate 6 parts, whey powder to make up to 1000 parts.
[0068] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the second formulation uses 6 parts hawthorn extract instead of yucca extract and does not contain zinc sulfate. The specific composition is as follows: 10 parts yeast culture, 0.15 parts Bacillus subtilis (live count ≥200 billion CFU / g), 0.15 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae (live count ≥20 billion CFU / g), 4 parts magnesium sulfate, 6 parts hawthorn extract, 5 parts sodium bicarbonate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0069] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 lies in the composition of the third formulation, specifically: 12 parts yeast culture, 0.3 parts Bacillus licheniformis, 0.2 parts Candida utilis, 0.15 parts Bacillus subtilis, 6 parts sodium bicarbonate, and wheat bran to make up to 1000 parts.
[0070] Performance testing 1. The first formulations of Examples 1 and 1 Comparative Example 1 were added to the feed and fed to the animals, as shown in Table 1. The specific procedures are shown in Table 2. The microscopic examination results of rumen ciliates in calves fed for 30 days in the control group, Comparative Example 1, and Example 1 are as follows: Figure 1-3 As shown.
[0071] Table 1
[0072] Table 2
[0073] Note: Samples were taken 3 hours after feeding on day 0 and day 30, and the number of rumen ciliates was counted and the increase in the number of rumen ciliates was calculated.
[0074] From Table 2, Figure 1 It can be seen that feeding with the first formulation provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the diarrhea rate, increase the growth rate, and effectively increase the number of rumen ciliates. Compared with the control group, the diarrhea rate of Example 1 was reduced by 55.6%, the daily weight gain was increased by 11.8%, and the number of rumen ciliates increased by about 3 times.
[0075] 2. The second formulations of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 2 were added to the feed and fed to the animals. The specific operations are shown in Table 3 and the specific results are shown in Table 4.
[0076] Table 3
[0077] Table 4
[0078] As can be seen from Table 4, the second formulation provided by the present invention can effectively activate the CAZymes enzyme system activity of rumen ciliates, improve crude fiber digestibility and daily weight gain, and reduce feed conversion ratio and ammonia nitrogen emissions.
[0079] 3. The third formulations of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 3 were added to the feed and fed to the animals. The specific operations are shown in Table 5 and the specific results are shown in Table 6.
[0080] Table 5
[0081] Table 6
[0082] As shown in Table 6, the third formulation provided by this invention can effectively increase daily milk yield and milk fat percentage, and stabilize rumen pH. Compared with the control group, Example 1 showed an increase of 1.8 kg in daily milk yield and an increase of 0.3 percentage points in milk fat percentage.
[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A microecological preparation for use in weaned ruminants, characterized in that, Each 1000 parts by weight comprises the following components: Clostridium butyricum 0.3-0.5 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 0.3-0.5 parts, Lactobacillus casei 0.2-0.4 parts, yeast culture 4-6 parts, hawthorn extract 5-7 parts, sodium bicarbonate 5-7 parts, and the remainder whey powder.
2. The microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in weaned ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viable count of the Clostridium butyricum is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the viable count of the Bacillus licheniformis is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the viable count of the Lactobacillus casei is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.
3. The microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in weaned ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crude protein content of the yeast culture is ≥40% by weight percentage.
4. The microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in weaned ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hawthorn extract contains ≥2% hawthorn acid by weight percentage.
5. A microecological preparation for use at different growth stages, characterized in that, Including the first formulation, the second formulation, and the third formulation; The first preparation is the microecological preparation for weaning ruminants as described in any one of claims 1-4; The second formulation is used during the fattening period, and each 1000 parts by weight comprises the following components: 8-12 parts yeast culture, 0.1-0.2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.1-0.2 parts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3-5 parts sulfur donor, 0.2-0.5 parts zinc donor, 3-5 parts yucca extract, 4-5 parts sodium bicarbonate, and the remainder carrier. The third formulation is used during lactation and comprises the following components per 1000 parts by weight: Yeast culture 10-14 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 0.2-0.4 parts, Candida utilis 0.15-0.25 parts, Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.2 parts, hawthorn extract 8-12 parts, sodium bicarbonate 10-14 parts, magnesium sulfate 3-4 parts, balance carrier.
6. The microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in ruminants in stages according to claim 5, characterized in that, The viable count of the *Candida utilis* strain is ≥2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g; the viable count of the brewing yeast is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.
7. The application of the microecological preparation for promoting the proliferation of rumen ciliates in stages as described in any one of claims 5-6 in ruminant feed.
8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first formulation is added to the feed at a rate of 1-1.5 kg / ton; the second formulation is added to the feed at a rate of 1.0-2.0 kg / ton; and the third formulation is added to the feed at a rate of 2-2.5 kg / ton.