A system and method for mixed solid waste resource recovery by femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and coulomb explosion

Abstract

This invention discloses a system and method for the resource recovery treatment of mixed solid waste using femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion, belonging to the interdisciplinary field of optical engineering and environmental engineering. The system incorporates a pretreatment module to achieve coarse treatment, impurity separation, and particle size control of the mixed solid waste. Combined with a femtosecond laser array emission module, a material transport and carrying module, and an energy recovery module, it constructs an integrated treatment system. Using the pretreated mixed solid waste as the treatment object, and an array-type femtosecond laser as a low-energy external trigger source, the instantaneous strong electric field of the laser reduces the outer electron barrier of the material, inducing a quantum tunneling effect, which in turn triggers a Coulomb explosion. This triggers an avalanche-like orderly release of energy within the solid waste, achieving simultaneous treatment and resource recovery of multiple components. This invention simplifies the pretreatment process, reduces energy consumption, and improves treatment efficiency. It can effectively achieve the reduction, resource recovery, and environmental compliance of mixed solid waste, is applicable to large-scale treatment in multiple scenarios, and possesses significant environmental and economic value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the interdisciplinary field of optical engineering and environmental engineering, specifically to a system and method for the resource recovery of mixed solid waste using femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion. It is particularly suitable for the synergistic treatment of urban solid waste, agricultural biomass waste, composite plastics and multi-component mixed waste, including resource recovery, volume reduction and harmless treatment, and falls under the interdisciplinary field of femtosecond laser application and solid waste treatment technology. Background Technology

[0002] Mixed solid waste encompasses municipal solid waste, agricultural biomass waste, composite polymer materials, and various mixed industrial solid wastes. Its composition is complex, and its physicochemical properties vary greatly. Traditional treatment technologies mainly rely on manual sorting, landfilling, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification. Existing treatment processes generally suffer from several technical shortcomings: First, they require pre-treatment steps such as sorting and crushing, resulting in lengthy processes and high labor and equipment costs. Second, traditional pyrolysis and incineration methods rely on external heat conduction for energy transfer, leading to uneven heating, slow response, and low energy utilization, and are prone to generating secondary pollutants such as dioxins and soot. Third, they are difficult to simultaneously adapt to the efficient treatment of multiple components such as biomass, plastics, and metals, resulting in a low resource recovery rate and limited volume reduction effects.

[0003] Femtosecond lasers, with their ultra-short pulse width, ultra-high peak power, and extremely high energy density, have achieved initial applications in fields such as strong-field physics and materials micromachining. Their interaction with matter offers advantages such as non-contact, fast response, and precise action. However, current femtosecond laser technology is mostly concentrated in single areas such as precision machining and surface modification, and has not yet formed a large-scale treatment technology system for complex mixed solid waste. In particular, it lacks an integrated treatment solution for mixed solid waste that achieves low-energy external triggering and efficient internal energy release from the quantum microscopic mechanism level. This fails to solve the common industry problems of cumbersome pretreatment, high energy consumption, and low resource utilization rate in the treatment of mixed solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention

[0005] This invention aims to overcome many shortcomings of existing mixed solid waste treatment technologies and provides a mixed solid waste resource recovery system and method based on femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion. The core objective is: (1) Construct an integrated treatment system that integrates pretreatment, laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion, energy recovery and resource separation to simplify the mixed solid waste treatment process and reduce labor and equipment costs; (2) Relying on the microscopic mechanism of quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion induced by femtosecond laser, external low-energy triggering and internal energy avalanche-like orderly release are achieved, fundamentally improving energy utilization efficiency and solving the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency of traditional processing methods; (3) To achieve direct treatment of multi-component mixed solid waste without sorting or crushing pretreatment, and simultaneously complete biomass energy conversion, plastic polymer pyrolysis and metal melting separation, so as to achieve the integrated goal of reduction, industrialization and resource utilization. (4) Eliminate the risk of secondary pollution from traditional treatment processes, increase the proportion of solid waste resource recovery, and promote the green, large-scale and industrialized development of solid waste treatment technology.

[0006] Technical problems that need to be solved

[0007] To address the problems of complex pretreatment processes, high energy consumption, low treatment efficiency, high risk of secondary pollution, and difficulty in co-processing multiple components in existing mixed solid waste treatment technologies, this invention provides a mixed solid waste resource recovery system and method based on femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion to solve the following core technical problems: (1) Overcome the drawbacks of traditional mixed solid waste treatment that requires pre-sorting and crushing, and realize direct and efficient treatment of multi-component mixed solid waste without pretreatment; (2) Solve the technical bottlenecks of uneven heating, low energy utilization and slow response in traditional heat conduction treatment methods, and achieve efficient coupling between external low-energy triggering and internal high-energy release; (3) Construct the microscopic mechanism of femtosecond laser-induced quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion to achieve fundamental dissociation of solid waste structure at the atomic and molecular level and improve the thoroughness of treatment; (4) To achieve simultaneous treatment and resource recovery of multiple components such as biomass, plastics and metals in mixed solid waste, and to achieve the integrated goal of reduction, industrialization and resource recovery.

[0008] Technical solution

[0009] Processing system

[0010] A hybrid solid waste resource recovery system based on femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion includes a pretreatment module, a femtosecond laser array emission module, a material transport and carrying module, an energy recovery module, a component separation and collection module, and an intelligent control module. (1) The pretreatment module is connected to the material transport and carrying module and is used to perform coarse treatment on mixed solid waste, including magnetic separation of large metal impurities, coarse crushing (particle size controlled to 50-200mm), magnetic separation to remove iron and impurity screening, to remove inert large particle impurities that cannot participate in the laser reaction and to provide suitable materials for subsequent laser treatment. (2) The femtosecond laser array emitting module consists of tens to hundreds of femtosecond laser nozzles arranged in a uniform matrix, positioned directly above the material conveying and carrying module. The distance between adjacent nozzles is 5 to 15 cm, the laser pulse width is set to 10 to 100 fs, and the peak power density is ≥10 to 14 W / cm². 2It can emit low-power femtosecond laser pulses synchronously or in a time-division manner; (3) The material conveying and carrying module adopts a closed high temperature and corrosion resistant conveyor belt with continuous conveying function, which is used to convey mixed solid waste (including biomass, plastic polymer, metal and conventional inert impurities) after being treated by the pretreatment module. (4) The energy recovery module is in a closed connection with the material conveying and carrying module, and is used to collect the heat energy and combustible products released during the solid waste treatment process to realize energy conversion and reuse. (5) The component separation and collection module is located at the end of the material transport carrying module and is used for graded separation of metal elements, solid carbon-based resource products and harmless residues. (6) The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the preprocessing module, the femtosecond laser array emitting module, and the material transport carrying module respectively, and precisely controls the preprocessing parameters, laser pulse parameters, material transport speed and laser triggering sequence to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0011] processing method

[0012] A method for the resource recovery of solid waste combining femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion, specifically including the following steps: (1) Pretreatment process: Mixed solid waste containing multiple components such as biomass, plastics and metals is put into the pretreatment module and subjected to magnetic separation to separate large metal impurities, coarse crushing to 50-200mm, magnetic separation to remove iron and impurity screening to remove inert large particle impurities, and obtain pretreated mixed solid waste material. (2) Material conveying: The pretreated mixed solid waste is conveyed to the material conveying and carrying module and conveyed to the femtosecond laser array emission area at a constant speed of 0.3 to 0.5 m / s; (3) Low-energy laser triggering: Start the femtosecond laser array emission module and synchronously emit ultrashort pulse femtosecond laser through the array-type jet head. The input power of a single jet head is ≤100W, and the low-power, low-energy laser beam accurately penetrates the surface of the mixed solid waste and is injected into the internal structure of each component. (4) Quantum tunneling induction: Femtosecond laser generates an instantaneous strong electric field that directly acts on the outer electron orbits of molecules in each component of the mixed solid waste, effectively reducing the height of the electron transition barrier and inducing electrons to break through the energy barrier to generate a quantum tunneling effect, rapidly forming a high-density electron-hole plasma inside the solid waste. (5) Coulomb explosion and avalanche release: The high-density electron-hole plasma undergoes strong Coulomb interaction, which triggers the instantaneous tearing and dissociation of the solid waste molecular lattice structure, resulting in a Coulomb explosion, which in turn triggers a cascade chain reaction of adjacent material components. Without continuous external energy input, the chemical energy and structural energy inside the mixed solid waste are released in an avalanche-like orderly manner. (6) Resource recovery: The released heat and combustible gas are collected through the energy recovery module and converted into electrical energy or heat energy for the system’s own use; the processed materials are transferred to the component separation and collection module to separate and recover elemental metals and reusable solid carbon-based products, and the remaining harmless residues are centrally disposed of, thus completing the resource recovery, reduction and harmless treatment of all components of mixed solid waste.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) By adding a pretreatment module, the present invention realizes the rough processing, impurity separation and particle size control of mixed solid waste. It removes inert impurities that cannot participate in the laser reaction and avoids insufficient laser effect due to excessive particle size. It provides suitable materials for femtosecond laser efficient processing and significantly improves the system processing stability and efficiency. (2) The present invention uses an array-type femtosecond laser as a low-energy external trigger source. Only a small initial energy input is required. Through the characteristics of ultra-short laser pulse and ultra-high energy density, it can accurately act on the interior of mixed solid waste, realizing the efficient coupling of external low-energy trigger and internal high-energy avalanche release. Compared with traditional incineration and pyrolysis technologies, the overall energy consumption is reduced by more than 40%, and the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved. (3) This invention does not require pre-sorting or crushing of mixed solid waste. It can adapt to the needs of femtosecond laser processing by relying on the coarse processing of the pre-processing module. It uses the microscopic mechanism of femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion to dissociate the material structure at the atomic and molecular level, and simultaneously realize biomass energy conversion, plastic polymer pyrolysis and metal melting separation. It simplifies the process flow and improves the processing efficiency by more than 60% compared with the traditional process, and completely solves the problem of multi-component solid waste co-processing. (4) This invention constructs a new solid waste treatment path from the quantum microscopic mechanism. The treatment process is a contactless physical-chemical synergistic reaction. The reaction process is controllable and can inhibit the generation of secondary pollutants such as dioxins and harmful dust from the source, realizing the greening of solid waste treatment. At the same time, it can efficiently recover resource products such as metals and solid carbon-based materials. The volume reduction rate of mixed solid waste reaches more than 85%, and the resource utilization rate reaches more than 80%, which has significant environmental and economic benefits. (5) The present invention has a high degree of system integration. It achieves full-process automated control through intelligent control modules. It can adapt to the treatment needs of multiple scenarios such as urban domestic waste, agricultural biomass waste, and industrial mixed solid waste. It has a wide range of applications and has the potential for large-scale promotion and industrial application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be understood that these descriptions are intended to illustrate the basic principles and main features of the present invention, and not to limit the present invention; this application is not limited to the following two specific embodiments, and the specific implementation methods can be determined according to the technical solutions of this application and the actual situation.

[0015] Example 1: A method for the resource recovery of solid waste involving femtosecond laser quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion, the specific steps of which are as follows: (1) Pretreatment: 100kg of mixed municipal solid waste was selected, including 35kg of kitchen waste biomass, 40kg of plastic waste, 10kg of metal debris and 15kg of other inert debris. The waste was put into the pretreatment module and subjected to magnetic separation to separate large metal impurities, coarse crushing to 100mm, magnetic separation to remove iron and impurity screening. 15kg of inert large particle impurities were removed, and 85kg of pretreated mixed solid waste was obtained. (2) Material conveying: 85kg of pretreated mixed solid waste is conveyed to a closed high-temperature resistant conveyor belt at a speed of 0.5m / s; (3) Low-energy laser triggering: Activate the array module consisting of 80 femtosecond laser jets, set the laser pulse width to 30 fs, and the peak power density to 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 13 ~10 16 W / cm 2 The single-head input power is 50W, and the laser pulse is emitted synchronously. The laser beam penetrates solid waste to a depth of 5-10cm. (4) Quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion: Femtosecond laser induces quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion in pretreated solid waste materials, triggering the release of internal energy avalanche; (5) Resource recycling: The surplus energy is converted through the energy recovery module. After component separation, 9.2 kg of molten metal, 28 kg of solid carbon-based products, and 12 kg of harmless residue are recovered. The reduction rate of mixed domestic waste in the city reaches 88%, and the resource utilization rate reaches 85%.

[0016] Example 2: 80 kg of mixed agricultural waste was selected, including 60 kg of biomass such as straw and fruit shells, and 20 kg of agricultural plastic film. The system of this invention was used for processing. (1) Pretreatment: The pretreatment module is put into the pretreatment module, and magnetic separation of large metal impurities, coarse crushing to 80mm, magnetic separation to remove iron and impurity screening are carried out in sequence to remove a small amount of impurities and obtain 78kg of pretreated agricultural mixed waste. (2) Material conveying: 78 kg of pretreated mixed agricultural waste is conveyed to a closed high-temperature resistant conveyor belt at a speed of 0.3 m / s; (3) Low-energy laser triggering: Turn on the array module consisting of 60 femtosecond laser jet heads, with a laser pulse width of 20fs and a single-head input power of 40W, and synchronously emit laser pulses; (4) Quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion: Femtosecond lasers induce quantum tunneling and Coulomb explosion in agricultural mixed waste, triggering the release of internal energy avalanche; (5) Resource recycling: The biomass energy conversion rate after treatment reaches 90%, the plastic film is completely pyrolyzed, 32kg of solid biochar is recovered, and there are no harmful residues, realizing the efficient energy utilization of agricultural waste.

Claims

1. A femtosecond laser quantum-triggered hybrid solid waste resource recovery system, characterized in that, The system includes a pretreatment module, a femtosecond laser array emitting module, a material conveying and carrying module, an energy recovery module, a component separation and collection module, and an intelligent control module. The pretreatment module, connected to the material conveying and carrying module, is used for magnetic separation, coarse crushing, and impurity screening pretreatment of the mixed solid waste. The femtosecond laser array emitting module consists of dozens to hundreds of femtosecond laser jet heads arranged in a matrix above the material conveying and carrying module. The femtosecond laser pulse width is 10–100 fs, and the peak power density is ≥10–14 W / cm². 2 The material transport module is used to transport the mixed solid waste after it has been processed by the pretreatment module. The mixed solid waste includes biomass, plastic polymers, and metal components. The energy recovery module and the component separation and collection module are connected to the material transport module in sequence. The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the pretreatment module, the femtosecond laser array emission module, and the material transport module, respectively.

2. A method for the resource recovery of mixed solid waste triggered by femtosecond laser quantum triggering, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment: The mixed solid waste is subjected to magnetic separation to separate large metal impurities, coarse crushing to 50-200mm, magnetic separation to remove iron and screen impurities to complete the pretreatment; (2) The pretreated mixed solid waste is transported to the material transport area at a constant speed of 0.3 to 0.5 m / s; (3) An array-type femtosecond laser jet head is used to synchronously emit low-power ultrashort pulse lasers. The input power of a single jet head is ≤100W, and the laser energy is injected into each component inside the mixed solid waste. (4) The instantaneous strong electric field of the femtosecond laser reduces the outer electron barrier of solid waste molecules, induces quantum tunneling effect, and forms high-density electron-hole plasma. (5) Plasma triggers a Coulomb explosion, which triggers a cascaded chain reaction inside the mixed solid waste, achieving an orderly avalanche-like release of internal energy. (6) The released energy is recovered and converted, and the metals, solid usable products and harmless residues are separated and collected after treatment.

3. The processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (3), the laser beam penetrates the mixed solid waste to a depth of ≥5cm.

4. The processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mixed solid waste is one or a mixture of two types of urban domestic waste and agricultural biomass waste, and the pretreatment step does not require fine sorting.

5. The processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent spacing of the femtosecond laser jet heads is 5 to 15 cm, and they can emit laser pulses synchronously or at different times.

6. The processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (5), the energy avalanche release is a chain-like collaborative process that does not require continuous external energy input, thus achieving low-power triggering and large-capacity energy release.